TYPES OF TRAPS
Nahni trap Gully Trap Intercepting Trap
provided in to the floor to provided outside the building provided at the interception of
collect waste water from before connecting it to external building sewer and Public
bathroom, wash area, sewerage line. It also collects sewer. Intercepting trap is
washbasin, and kitchen sink waste water from the kitchen sink, provided to prevent the foul
area etc wash basins, bath and wash area gases from public sewers
80 mm dia. depth shall not be less than 30 cm
50mm - water seal depth
Bottle Trap Grease Trap Drum Trap
provided to receive waste installed in the waste pipe from Used for fixtures that
from washbasin, kitchen sinks one or more fixtures for the discharge large amount of
and other appliances where purpose of separating grease from water (bathtubs,
the appliances do not have a the liquid and retaining the grease. shower or floor drains)
built-in trap
Running Trap Building Trap Straight Through Trap
within the line of the house a device, fitting, or assembly of employed instead when there
drain fittings installed on the building isnt enough room for a trap
drain to prevent circulation of air concealable under pedestal
between the drainage system of the basins
Low Level Trap Bell Trap P Trap
use in garage, patio or other to trap noxious sewer gases
suitable for a tight space inside the wastewater system
outdoor areas to drain water to a
under a shower and bath tray so that they can't rise back up
well of the unit that serves as a trap
to contain sewer gas through the drain,
S Trap Q Trap Stand Trap
blocks sewer gases in sinks prevents transmission of Used for fixtures such as slop
and other plumbing fixtures unfavourable odours from the sinks that are usually built low in
washroom to the living area the ground, leaving very little
space for a foundation & a trap
TYPES OF WELLS
Dug Well Driven Well Bored Well
are excavations with diameters created in unconsolidated material These are dug with earth augers
large enough to accommodate with a "well are usually less than 30 meters
one or more men with shovels point", which consists of a (100 ft)
digging down to below the water hardened drive point and a screen deep
Drilled Well Jetted Wells
stream of water to excavate
can be excavated by simple hand
the hole and to carry the excavated
drilling methods, get water from
material out of the hole. It therefore
a much deeper level than can
requires some type of pump, either
dug wells ‐ often up to several
motor or hand‐powered, of
hundred metres.
reasonable capacity, as well as a
supply of water
TYPES OF PUMPS
Reciprocating Pump Centrifugal Pump Turbine Pump
is a rotodynamic pump that uses a A turbine pump has a vertical
are those which cause the fluid
rotating impeller to increase the turbine located below
to move using one
pressure of a fluid. Centrifugal ground water levels and a
or more oscillating pistons,
pumps are commonly used to move driving motor located at
plungers or membranes
liquids through piping. ground
(diaphragms).
Submersible Pump Jet Pump Membrane Pump
uses a combination of the
Is basically a centrifugal pump In the jet ejector pump, fluid passes
reciprocating action of a rubber,
complete with electric motors through a venturi nozzle (see
thermoplastic or PTFE and
which are positioned venturi tube) and develops
suitable valves on either side of
underwater in a suitable bored a suction that causes a second
the body
hole that delivers the water to stream of fluid to be entrained
the surface
Piston Pump Sump Pump Radial Plunger Pump
is a type of positive are used in applications where velocity pump where a rotating
displacement pump where the excess water must be pumped away impeller displaces varying
high‐pressure seal reciprocates from a particular area.a pump used amounts of water per rotation
with the piston.Piston pumps to remove water that depending on the speed of
can be used to move liquids or hasaccumulated in a water rotation, which throws water
collecting sump pit. outwards at right angles to the
Screw Pump Lobe Pump Gear Pump
hygienic processing industries, type of positive
operate using two counter-
including food & beverage displacement pump. It moves a
rotating screw rotors which are
processing and biopharmaceutical fluid by repeatedly enclosing a
engineered so that they rotate
manufacturing fixed volume using interlocking
“towards each other”
cogs or gears, transferring it
mechanically using a cyclic
TYPES OF VALVES
Gate Valve Globe Valve Check Valve
is a type of valve used for regulating is a mechanical device, a valve,
opens by lifting a round or
flow in a pipeline, consisting of a which normally allows fluid
rectangular gate/wedge out of
movable disk‐type element and a (liquid or gas) to flow
the path of the fluid.
stationary ring seat in a generally through it in only one
direction.
Angle Valve Foot Valve Safety Valve
A manually operated valve re a type of check valve and are is a mechanical device, a valve,
with its outlet opening placed at the pump's wet well. which normally allows fluid
oriented at right angles to its with a larger flow area than the (liquid or gas) to flow
inlet opening; used for actual pipe size to through it in only one
regulating the flow of a fluid in make sure that there is less head direction.
Plug Valve Ball Valve Butterfly Valve
fluid shutoff valve in upstream oil a family of quarter-turn
is based on a plug with a
and gas production facilities, both rotational motion valves that
hollow passage in the valve are used in pipelines to shut-
onshore and offshore.
body. off flow
Needle Valve Pinch Valve Diaphragm Valve
a type of valve with a small facilitate opening and closing the valve with an elastomeric
port and a threaded, needle- flow of liquid through a tube
shaped plunger. diaphragm and a seat upon
without any contact between the which the diaphragm rests
liquid and the valve itself when it is closed
TYPES OF FAUCET
Compression Cock Key Cock Ball Faucet
Operates by the compression Operates with a round tapering Constructed with a ball
of a soft packing upon a metal plug around to connected to the
sheet. fit a metal sheet. handle.
Hose Bibb
Operates by the compression
of a soft packing upon a metal
sheet.
Water Storage for Domestic Use
Overhead Tank Cistern Pneumatic Water Tank
-Does not have any pressure are typically horizontal
is a waterproof receptacle for
concerns but relies on pressurized storage tanks.
holding liquids, usually water.
gravity to supply water to Pressurizing this reservoir of
Often cisterns are
fixtures below. water creates a surge free
built to catch and store rainwater
‐ Use in overhead feed system delivery of stored water into
the distribution system.
Range Boiler Storage Boiler
is an older type of domestic hot Large hot water tank (60‐130 cm in
water heater which uses a diameter; 5m max length).
separate hot water tank which
is connected to a heating boiler
as well as to domestic hot
water piping in the home.
TYPES OF VENTS
Individual Vent Unit, Common or Dual Vent Relief Vent
a pipe installed to vent a An arrangement of venting so a vertical vent line that
fixture trap, that connects installed that one vent pipe provides additional circulation
with the vent system above serve two (2) traps of air between the drainage
the fixture served or and vent systems or to act as
an auxiliary vent
Yoke or By‐pass Vent Circuit Vent Looped Vent
A pipe connecting upward group vent pipe which starts in
from a soil or waste stack front of the extreme (highest) a vertical vent connection on a
below the floor and below fixture connection on a horizontal soil or waste pipe
horizontal connection to an horizontal branch and branch at a point downstream
adjacent vent stack connects to the vent stack. of the last fixture connection
and turning to a horizontal line
above the highest overflow
level of the highest fixture
Wet Vent Local Vent Dry Vent
That portion of a vent pipe a pipe or shaft to convey foul air a vent that does not carry
through which wastewater from a plumbing fixture or a liquid or water‐borne wastes.
also flows through. room to the outer air.
Vent Stack Stack Vent
the vertical vent pipe installed the extension of the waste stack
primarily for providing to provide venting
circulation of air to and from
any part of the soil, waste of the
drainage system.
WATER CLOSET
SIPHON WASHDOWN SIPHON JET SIPHON VORTEX
The least expensive but the jet being submerged introduces its develops its flushing
noisiest; only small amount of water underwater so that its action through the water
standing watersusceptible operation is entirely muffled. entering through diagonal
to fouling, staining and It has a large amount of standing holesaround the rim which
contamination. water to prevent fouling. creates a swirling action which
It is mechanically efficient but forms a vortex in the center
expensive.
REVERSE TRAP
the trap way located at the
rear of the water closet
eliminated the buldge at the
front.
TYPES OF WATER CLOSET
ONE-PIECE CLOSED COUPLED PAIL FLUSH
The water closet fixture is water closet where in the flush comprising only of a bowl
manufactured with the tank is separate but is attached without a flush tank. Flushing
bowl and the flush tank molded to the toilet bowl. It is a two- action is obtained only through
into a single unit. piece model. water poured from a pail or
SQUAT BOWL
that is otherwise known as
“Eastern type” since the user
assumes a squatting position
rather than a sitting position.
holds a supply of water for flushing a fixture such as the water
FLUSH TANK
closet. It has a capacity of 5 to 6 gallons.
valve designed to supply a fixed quantity of water for flushing
FLUSH VALVE
purposes
TYPES OF LAVATORY
Wall Hung lavatory Pedestal Lavatory Over Counter
Under counter One- Piece Lavatory
TYPES OF LAVATORY FAUCET
Center Set
Wide Spread
used for washing the middle part of the body, especially the
BIDET
genitals. It is also known as the Sitz Bath.
BATH TUB a tube for bathing, usually a fixed plumbing installation designed for one
person. It is available in left outlet and right outlet.
TYPES OF URINALS
Wall hung Urinal Pedestal Urinal Stall Urinal
Trough Urinal
TYPES OF KITCHEN SINK
Single Bowl- Single Drain Double Bowl- Single Drain Double Bowl- Double Drain
Triple Bowl Corner Sink
deep sink, usually set low and used by janitors for emptying pails
SLOP SINK
of dirty water and mop cleaning.
A fixture consisting of a shallow basin, together with a
DRINKING FOUNTAIN
water jet designed to provide potable water for human consumption.
A deep wide sink or but used for washing clothes. It is also
LAUNDRY TUB
known as Laundry Tray or Set Tub.
An apparatus for spraying water on the body, usually from
SHOWER BATH
above. Drain is through the shower bath floor drain.
located in the operating room in a
SCRUB SINK hospital to enable personnel to scrub their hands prior to a surgical
procedure
PLUMBING FITTINGS
Pipe Nipple Elbow Bushing
It is used to connect two It is used to change the direction It connects male end of a
straight runs of pipe, the fitting of a pipe: 45 or 90 degrees. piece to a fitting of a larger
being outside threaded. size; a reducing or enlarging
Plugs Cap Siamese Connection
A fitting that closes the end of A fitting that closes the end of A hose fitting with clapper
pipe, the fitting being outside the pipe, the fitting being inside valves for combining flow
threaded. threaded. from two or more lines of
Ferrule Flanges Coupling
A metallic sleeve, caulked, It is used to mechanically connect
used to stop leakages in
joined to an opening in a pipe, two pipes together. It can also be
broken or damaged pipes
to which a plug is screwed for used to mechanically connect a
the purpose of cleaning or pipe to a tee, valve, choke or any
Union Adapters Reducer
can be removed easily any time used to reduce the flow size of
connected to pipes to either
while the coupling cannot. join the pipe from the bigger to
increase their lengths or if pipes
pipes made of different smaller one.
do not have appropriate
materials to avoid any kind of
ends.onnected without any need
galvanic corrosion between
of extensive setup.
Tee Cross Wyes
used in the plumbing system adjoined to four pipes meeting at used in drainage systems and
has one inlet and two outlets common point.These kinds of pipe have a branch line at 45
arranged at an angle of 90 fittings are commonly used in fire degrees to keep the flow of
degrees to the main pipe. water smooth.
Barb
connects flexible tubing to
pipes
PLUMBING TOOLS
Pipe Wrench Basin Wrench Adjustable Wrench
allows plumbers to reach into tightens and loosens
tighten and loosen nuts and
narrow spaces and loosen or hexagonal nuts and fittings on
fittings on pipework.
tighten the nuts that keep our pipes.
Faucet Key Hacksaw Tube & Plastic Pipe Cutters
small, X-shaped tools designed to cut through a variety of to produce a clean and
to open and close spigots and hardware, including pipes, nuts, precise cut to a pipe
sillcocks bolts, and screws.
Plumber's Torch Thread Sealing Tape
allow plumbers to apply allow professionals to loosen
to patch or prevent possible leaks and tighten nuts and bolts too
intense heat in precise areas,
at threaded joint connections in small for a wrench to grip.
soldering and sealing new
piping.
piping for installs and
replacements
Plungers Hand Auger Goggles
produce significantly more llows plumbers to drive a cable protect eyes from leaks,
suction than the average deep down a drain in order to soldering actions and other
consumer plunger. break apart and clear clogs (via a things that might be
hand crank) dangerous to the eyes
Crimpers Stubby screwdriver
joining multiple pieces of metal tighten or loosen a screw in a
or other material by deforming hard-to-reach place inaccessible
or squeezing one or both of to a normal or electric
them to hold them together. screwdriver
uilt low in
a rubber,
ow size of
