A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“SMART CAR PARKING SYSTEM”
Submitted by
1.Atharva Shrinivas Kulkarni C-21
2.Pranali Prabhakar Sawadh C-22
3.Shraddha Pramodrao Malode C-23
F.Y. B Tech
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Dr. Suhas S. Gajre
Mrs. Vinaya V.Khiste
Ms. Madhuri M. Baswade
Ms. Vrashali E. Hotalkar
(Engineering Exploration Lab)
Year 2022-2023
Semester-1
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that, the Project report entitled
“SMART CAR PARKING SYSTEM”
Submitted by
1.Atharva Shrinivas Kulkarni C-21
2.Pranali Prabhakar Sawadh C-22
3.Shraddha Pramodrao Malode C-23
As the partial fulfillment of Engineering Exploration Lab
For the academic year 2021-2022
This project is a record of student’s own work, carried out by them under our
supervision and guidance.
Dr.S.S.Gajre Mrs.V.V.Khiste Ms. M.M.Baswade Ms.V.E Hotalkar
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
For all the efforts behind the project work, we first & foremost would like to express our sincere
appreciation to the staff of Department of Engineering Exploration Lab, for their extended help &
suggestions at every stage of this project.
It is with a great sense of gratitude that we acknowledge the support, time to time suggestions and highly
indebted to our guide.
Finally, we pay our sincere thanks to all those who indirectly and directly helped us towards the successful
completion of this project report.
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❖ ABSTRACT
Parking is one of the key component of transportation program all over the world. With the
increasing percentage of vehicle ownership in recent times, parking has become a conflicting and
confusing situation for lot of people. Most often people cannot find suitable or adequate space to park
their vehicles and end up encroaching the roads. The average automobile is in motion only for a
small percentage of time. During the remaining times it is stationary, parked somewhere along the
street or off the street on a parking lot or in a special parking facility. The issue arises when it comes
to parking of vehicles outside of residential areas. The heavy traffic and the small size of area when it
comes to market places provide another issue with the parking problems.
The challenge requires providing adequate parking to meet a community’s needs for mobility and
economic strength, to encourage people to use different other modes of travel and to minimize the
impact of parking on neighbourhood character. These include several parking solutions related to
parking management system capable of solving existing and future problems. This solutions include
prioritizing funds, share parking facilities, reduced automobile dependency and encouraging
transportation alternatives, ‘park once and walk’ environment, improved information for motorists
using signs, brochures and other information sources. Mixes use parking.
Due to the proliferation in the number of vehicles on the road, traffic problems are bound to exist.
This is due to the fact that the current transportation infrastructure and car park facility developed are
unable to cope with the influx of vehicles on the road. To alleviate the aforementioned problems, the
smart parking system has been developed. With the implementation of the smart parking system,
patrons can easily locate and secure a vacant parking space at any car park deemed convenient to
them. Vehicle ingress and egress are also made more convenient with the implementation of hassle
free payment mechanism. With vehicle detection sensors aplenty on the market, the choices made
may defer due to the different requirements in addition to the its pros and cons. Subsequently, the
various sensor systems used in developing the systems in addition to the recent research and
commercial system on the market are examined as vehicle detection plays a crucial role in the smart
parking system. The proposed system illustrates the counter for the cars enter the park and give the
order to the park gate never to open to any entered car when the number of cars in the car reach the
highest number. In addition, the same counter made for the exit gate (where is the same the entrance
gate in this project) count in reverse order for the cars exit from the park. The principle of operation
of the park is the piezoelectric sensor depends on the weight of the car (here small push button) when
the car press the button, the counter adds or subtracts one from the counter number.
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❖ INDEX
CONTENTS PAGE NO.
Acknowledgement 3
Abstract 4
Index 5
Chapter 1.INTRODUCTION 6
Chapter 2. LITERATURE SURVEY 8
Chapter 3. BLOCK DIAGRAM 15
Chapter 4. SYSTEM DESIGN 16
Chapter 5. APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE 17
Chapter 6.CONCLUSION 18
Chapter 7. REFERENCES 19
Chapter 8. DATASHEET 20
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❖ INTRODUCTION
* In the present scenario around us we see excess vehicles and the ineffectiveness to manage them in
the correct order. As the population increases day by day the rate of utilization also increases and
coping up with the numbers becomes a task.
* An omnipresent problem around the world is finding a parking space to park your vehicle. This task
looks simple on side roads and interior lanes but the actual problem arises when parking in malls,
multistorey parking structures, IT hubs and parking facilities where several hundred cars are parked
and it becomes arduous to find a spot. The general approach to finding a parking space is to go
around and drive aimlessly until a free space is found. Finding a parking space could be the easiest
task or could be the most tedious one when it involves wide acres of distributed space across one
level or multiple levels. The time and fuel are consumed unnecessarily because the destination is
unknown. The easiest way of approach is to provide a destination specific driving within the parking
structure.
* A smart car parking system gives a visual output indicating an available parking space rather than
driving aimlessly. The driver looks up to the row of LED lights and their color to deduct a result of
determining the parking space availability. The two main colors used are red and yellow stating
occupied and free respectively. These lights are placed at the ceiling of each parking space and the
driver looks up and follows the set of LEDs and searches for a Yellow one. These lights are
controlled automatically with sensors and the feedback is provided through the color of the LED
when a vehicle is detected. This system not only makes the accessibility easy but also manages the
congestion of vehicles avoiding long search and wait times.
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❖ NEED & PROBLEM STATEMENT
⮚ Need Statement
* The current transportation infrastructure and car park facilities are deemed insufficient in sustaining the
influx of vehicles on the road. Therefore, problems such as traffic congestion and insufficient parking
space inevitably crops up. This problem of not having enough space for parking need advanced and
smoother solution
⮚ Problem Statement
* In metropolitan cities the parking management problem can be viewed from several angles. High vehicle
density on roads. This results in annoying issue for the drivers to park their vehicles as it is very difficult
to find a parking slot. The drivers usually waste time and effort in finding parking space and end up
parking their vehicles finding a space on streets. In worst case, people fail to find any parking space
especially during peak hours and festive seasons. Smart parking system enables a convenient way to
manage the traffic and rush in highly mob areas. Use of advanced technology helps to deal with the day
to day increasing number of vehicles. Smart parking system avoids the wastage of valuable time from
inefficient and potential accidents occurs due to abundance of moving vehicles in disorganized parking
lots
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❖ Literature Survey
The chapter is also going to explore the product of the research conducted on existing car parking systems.
The scope of this chapter is basically to identify some car parking system and compare them, to produce
some limitations of the current system. The author will then propose some solutions to implement from the
problems being identified. All of the above findings will be hopefully documented at the end of this chapter.
Definition
Car parking system is a system that is used to help managing cars in parking area in other to avoid
congestion and arrange cars in an allocated position. The system also helps to track how many cars pass
through the gate and the duration taken by each, and then it will calculate the amount of money a car should
pay when exiting. Car parking system is being used in many congested area or location where there are
many meeting point of people like where there are more than one shopping complex near to each other or
where there is megamall or stadium. For example like Sunway pyramid, Lowyat and Timesqure, and
Midvaley megamall all in Malaysia.
Types of car Parking System
Based on the authors’ research, there are mainly four categories of car park guidance systems using different
technologies – wired sensor-based, wireless sensor-based and image-based, counter-based.
Wired Sensor-Based
Wired sensor-based system is using detection sensors such as ultrasonic sensors which are installed at each
parking lot. These sensors are wired to a central control unit that store and manage the parking occupancy
information. This information is then forward to display panels at intentional locations in the car park. The
display panels provide information, direction and guide the drivers to vacant parking lots.
Wireless Based
With the advancement of wireless technologies, wireless based methods have been employed in parking
guidance systems. Wireless sensors nodes are deployed and each parking lot is equipped with one node. The
sensor board is equipped with the sensors of light, temperature, acoustic and a sounder. In using wireless
technologies, disadvantage in employing sensor at each parking lot is still present and can be very costly as
each sensing unit is usually attached with a processing unit and a transceiver.
Image based
Image based techniques or some people call it as video sensor techniques. There are arguments concerning
the viability of using image-based techniques. The disadvantages are video sensor is energetically expensive
and video sensor can generate large amount of data which can be difficult to transmit in a wireless network.
Counter-based
The last category of car park guidance systems use is Counter-based systems which use sensors to count the
number of vehicles entering and exit a car park area. This can be gate-arm counters and induction loop
detectors located at the entrances and exits. This system can give information on the total number of vacant
lots in a closed car park area, but does not help much in guiding the driver to the exact location of the vacant
lots.
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General features of Car Parking System
Enable the driver to collect ticket upon entrance: Car Parking system should be able to allow the driver to get
his ticket after he press the button of the gate barrier.
The system should record the entire cars that pass through the entrance.
The system should allow the gate to open whenever a driver has press the button and take his ticket.
Allow the drivers to make payment: if it’s of commercial use, the system should enable the drivers to make
payment of their charges before exiting.
Allow the driver to exit: if the driver has paid his charges and require exiting, the system should open the
gate to allow him exiting.
Process of Car parking System
From the research conducted, the author can state that, there is not much direct interaction between the
system and the user. Though some parking systems have different procedures, but for a parking system like
in Sunway pyramid, the author got to understand that the process is generally as follows.
The customer presses the button on the machine; ticket will come out from it and the customer take his ticket
and then the gate will open. The customer will now proceed to the available space. The available spaces are
known by the green light bulb on top of each available lot. The red light on top of parking lot indicate either
the space is being reserved or there is car parked at it.
For the process of exiting, if the customer is using “touch and go” (Malaysian prepaid card), there is a sensor
provided which will read the card and if there is enough money the system will deduct the amount of the
charges.
But if the customer is going to pay cash there are available paying machines which the customer will insert
his ticket and the system will read the ticket, estimate the hours spent and calculate the amount to be paid by
the customer. Customer should insert the money stated by the system into machine. The system will validate
the ticket and assign 15minutes on it which is enough for a person to his vehicle to the nearest exit gate.
Advantages of Car Parking System
The automated parking system increases the number of cars that can be parked in a garage. It provides more
parking spaces since the cars are well organised parked.
If you use automated parking system, you will need only a less area of land for building a garage.
This system enables safe parking of cars as compared to the ramp-style parking facilities.
This method of parking is so convenient for the drivers and they need not have to walk in search of parking
spaces.
This system reduces the maintenance costs of the garages since it significantly lowers the ventilation and
lighting requirements and no need of costly deck repairs as well.
As said earlier, the chances of vehicle getting damaged due to improper parking are considerably reduced in
automated car parking system.
With automated car parking system, there are no or very minimal chances of the vehicle getting lost. But,
this is not the case in traditional parking method.
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Strengths of Existing Systems
The interface design of most of the systems is made simple and rare advertisements are displayed. This
permits users to perform their activities effectively.
There is no restriction or limitation of time for a car to spend in each parking area.
All the system provide very affordable price to the customer. The charges are base on hours spend by a car
in the parking area.
Limitations of the Existing Systems
None of the system is providing the information of each car (plate number). For security purpose. For
example security agency want know the car that are inside the parking area for traceability.
The system do not assign car to a specific parking lot and this result in roaming of cars inside the area in
searching of parking space.
Some of the system does synchronize the free parking zones after the vacation of vehicle.
Possible Solutions
The possible way to solve those problems is by using the computer-based system with some additional
features or functionality. Some of the features are:-
Assigning the bay number to a car from the entrance gate
Synchronizing the free parking zones after the vacation of each car.
To eliminate the long travelling of vehicle by assigning the car to the nearest possible lot.
The use of sensor at each lot can be avoided since the car is being assigned to a specific lot. There by
reducing the cost of developing and the cost of maintaining the area.
Also like stated in the study of COINS system light is very crucial to sensor because it helps in detecting the
presence of vehicle. Insufficient light will cause the system to perform improperly. But in the case computer
base system all this will not be a factor.
Summary
From the research and comparisons being conducted by the author on several types of the car parking
systems, the author have come to understand clearer the criteria used to judge and rank parking systems
online. Hence, the evaluation has educated the author a lot about car parking systems and how they operate.
The problems being identified by the author in the existing systems has made clear what mistakes should be
avoided in this project to make it unique, acceptable, and user friendly.
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❖ GANTT CHART
Task Start Date End Date Duration
1.Selection of Project 30-01-2023 01-02-2023 2
2.Collecting Information 01-02-2023 06-02-2023 5
3.Dividing work load 06-02-2023 07-02-2023 1
4.Form presentation 07-02-2023 10-02-2023 3
5.Build online simulator
10-02-2023 13-02-2023 3
circuit
6.Making of report 13-02-2023 19-02-2023 6
7.Presenting the project 20-02-2023 20-02-2023 1
Table 2.1
❖ Gantt Chart Graph
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Fig 2.2
❖ Pair Wise Comparison Chart
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Easy to use Safety Low cost Asthetics space Total
Easy to use 1 1 1 1 4
Safety 0 1 1 1 3
Low cost 0 0 1 1 2
Asthetics 0 0 0 1 1
Space 0 0 0 0 0
Table 2.3 (PCC)
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❖ PUGH CHART
Table 2.4 ( pugh chart)
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❖ BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig. 1.9 (block diagram)
Block diagram explanation
This smart parking system project consists of Arduino, six IR sensors, one servo motor, and one LCD
display. Where the Arduino is the main microcontroller that controls the whole system. Two IR sensors are
used at the entry and exit gates to detect vehicle entry and exit in the parking area. And other four IR sensors
are used to detect the parking slot availability. The servo motor is placed at the entry and exit gate that is
used to open and close the gates. Also, an LCD display is placed at the entrance, which is used to show the
availability of parking slots in the parking area. All IR sensors are input devices and are connected to
Arduino. LCD display is output device which is connected to Arduino .Also Arduino is connected to Servo
motor.
If there is no empty parking slot then the system displays all slots are full and does not open the gate.
There are four parking slots in this project. IR sensor-1 and 2 are placed at the entry and exit gate
respectively and a servo motor is used to operate the common single entry and exit gate. The LCD display is
placed near the entry gate.
l
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❖ SYSTEM DESIGN
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❖ APPLICATIONS
* Smart Parking can be utilized in private parking lots, hospitals, hotels, shopping malls, public
parking garages, offices, etc. to make the parking hassle free and time consuming. The intelligent
parking system enables drivers to book the parking spots in advance and also get real-time
accessibility of the parking spaces on their mobile devices.
* Smart Parking is one of the most acquired and developing Smart City Solutions across the world.
Airports, shopping malls, universities and city garages etc. are just a few establishments that have
started to realize the remarkable benefits of automated parking technology.
* The capability to connect, monitor and automate data collected from devices, leveraged by and
reported as the Internet of Things, is what makes smart parking possible.
* Smart Parking includes the utilization of real-time data, low cost sensors and applications that
empower users to analyze available parking slots. The aim is to automate and reduce time spent
manually searching for the optimal parking floor, spot and even lot.
* Some solutions will enclose a complete suite of services such as parking time notifications, online
payments and even car searching functionalities for very huge lots.
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❖ FUTURE SCOPE
* The future of smart parking is optimistic. It will permit us all to make efficient use of available space
while vastly enhancing parking management efficiency for drivers & agencies that manage this vital
city resource.
* The future of the smart parking market is expected to be significantly influenced by the arrival of
automated vehicles (AVs). Several cities around the world are already beginning to trial self-parking
vehicles, specialized AV parking lots, and robotic parking valets.
❖ CONCLUSION
* Automation is a step in the right direction for a future fulfilled in the world of transportation. This
design provides an effective solution to the common problem discussed. The smart car parking
system was designed, fabricated and tested which provided accurate results when the threshold
distance was calibrated and the obstruction was detected. The switching of LEDs based on the
vehicle in the parking space was instantaneous based on no vehicle and vehicle detected. The design
is flexible and can be altered based on the space available and can be installed even in tight and
constrained space. Based on the number of Yellow LEDs detected a common information board is
displayed indicating the count of parking spaces available. It can be concluded that with correct
connection of some simple electrical components, it is possible to create an automatic smart car
parking system, thus decreasing aimless driving, fuel and time, as well as making the process of
parking considerably simpler.
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❖ REFERENCES
* https://www.ijert.org/research/smart-car-parking-system-IJERTV9IS090305.pdf
* https://tomorrow.city/a/smart-parking
* https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
320356747_Design_and_Implementation_of_Smart_Car_Parking_System/link/
59dfaae40f7e9bc512561722/
* https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/electronicprojects/automatic-car-parking-
system-project-using-arduino-ba2cb8
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❖ Data Sheet
1. ARDUINO
Fig1.1 ( Arduino uno)
Arduino Uno is an open-source electronics platform based on easy to-use hardware and software.
Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message -
and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online. You
can tell your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To
do so you use the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software
(IDE), based on Processing.
Features and Technical Specifications:-
⮚ Microcontroller :ATmega328
⮚ Operating Voltage : 5V
⮚ Input Voltage (recommended) : 7-12V
⮚ Input Voltage (limits) : 6-20V
⮚ Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
⮚ Analog Input Pins: 6
⮚ DC Current per I/O Pin :40 Ma
⮚ DC Current for 3.3V Pin :50 mA
⮚ Clock Speed :16 MHz
Applications of Arduino UNO:-
⮚ Prototyping of Electronics Products and Systems
⮚ Multiple DIY Projects
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2. Jumper wires:-
A jump wire (also known as jumper, jumper wire, DuPont wire) is an electrical wire, or group of
them in a cable, with a connector or pin at each end (or sometimes without them – simply
"tinned"), which is normally used to interconnect the components of a breadboard or other
prototype or test circuit, internally or with other equipment or components, without soldering.
Individual jump wires are fitted by inserting their "end connectors" into the slots provided in a
breadboard, the header connector of a circuit board, or a piece of test equipment.
Fig 1.4
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3. SM-S2309S Micro Servo
Fig 1.5
The SpringRC SM-2309S Micro Analog Servo is a small general purpose servo. It has a universal JR type
connector and is fully compatible with standard servo hardware and software. This small servo weighs
only 9.9 grams and is pretty strong for its size. The arm can move 60 degrees in either direction. This
servo comes with a complete set of servo horns and screws .
● Specifications:
● Model: SM-S2309S
● Size: 22.9x12.3x22.2mm / 0.9x0.49x0.87in
● Weight: 9.9g
● Rotation angle ~ 120°
● Micro analog servo
● 4 plastic gears + 1 metal gear
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4. BREAD BOARD
A breadboard, or protoboard, is a construction base for prototyping of electronics. Originally the
word referred to a literal bread board, a polished piece of wood used when slicing bread.[1] In the
1970s the solderless breadboard (plugboard, a terminal array board) became available and
nowadays the term "breadboard" is commonly used to refer to these.
Fig 1.6
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5. LCD DISPLAY 16*2
Fig 1.7
A 16x2 Character LCD display means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such
lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix
● FEATURES OF 16*2 CHARACTER LCD DISPLAY
● Operating Voltage:5V.
● Backlight Colour: Green.
● Horizontal Characters: 16.
● No of lines:2.
● Supports MCU speeds up to 2Mhz.
o APPLICATIONS OS 16*2 CHARACTER LCD DISPLAY
● As a Display Device.
● Displaying data on Backlit Screen.
● DIY projects requiring need for a display Device.
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❖ CODE:
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>// initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins
LiquidCrystal lcd(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5);
#include <Servo.h> //includes the servo library
Servo myservo1;
int ir_s1 = 2;
int ir_s2 = 4;
int Total = 5;
int Space;
int flag1 = 0;
int flag2 = 0;
void setup() {
pinMode(ir_s1, INPUT);
pinMode(ir_s2, INPUT);
myservo1.attach(3);
myservo1.write(100);
lcd.begin(16,2);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print(" Car Parking ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(" System ");
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
Space = Total;
void loop(){
if(digitalRead (ir_s1) == LOW && flag1==0){
if(Space>0){flag1=1;
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if(flag2==0){myservo1.write(0);
Space = Space-1;}
}else{
lcd.setCursor (0,0);
lcd.print(" Sorry not Space ");
lcd.setCursor (0,1);
lcd.print(" Available ");
delay (1000);
lcd.clear();
if(digitalRead (ir_s2) == LOW && flag2==0){flag2=1;
if(flag1==0){myservo1.write(0);
Space = Space+1;}
if(flag1==1 && flag2==1){
delay (1000);
myservo1.write(100);
flag1=0, flag2=0;
lcd.setCursor (0,0);
lcd.print("Total Space: ");
lcd.print(Total);
lcd.setCursor (0,1);
lcd.print("Have Space: ");
lcd.print(Space);
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❖ WORKING PRINCIPLE
* This system is capable of finding the empty slots that are available for parking automatically. If the
slot is empty in the automated car parking the new vehicle are allowed to enter the parking else the
entrance is blocked by using the servo barrier in case no empty slot is found by the system. The
visitors can be seen the status for the availability of the free space outside the parking on a 16x2
LCD.
* The system uses Ultrasonic Distance Sensors for sensing of the Cars in the given slots and the data is
then transferred to the Arduino board which is then displayed on the 16*2 LCD in form of empty
slots available.
* The Servo Motor at the entrance and exit is working on the commands from Arduino regarding the
time of closing and opening for allowing vehicles to enter and exit.
* The parking system is designed such that it shows the available slots for the parking on the lcd
display at the entrance of the parking and opens and closes the gates for the cars depending on the
number of slots.
* Note – There will be markings to show the drivers the exact directions for a specific open parking
slot to avoid confusion and crowding inside the parking
* The LCD will keep a record of how many cars have exited the parking hence making it easy for the
person watching over the system to keep a record for the daily usage of the parking making it easy
for the owners of parking to keep money flow in check.
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