Worksheet Exercise 2.

1. The pumps allow the circulation of fluid in a piping system. This allows the plant to

function as it should.

Based on the statement provided, provide 3 (minimum) journals, and synthesize (connect the 3

journals) regarding wastewater treatment systems or contaminated water treatment (example

flood water). Content of the essay should also include.

Wastewater is water that has been contaminated by impurities and has low quality.

Wastewater treatment refers to the process of eliminating biological or chemical waste products

from water so that they can be used for other purposes. Agricultural wastewater treatment,

sewage treatment, and industrial wastewater treatment are all types of wastewater treatment

plants, because of the harmful effects of municipal, industrial, and hospital wastewater on water,

land, air, and agricultural products, wastewater treatment, and adequate sludge disposal are

required for environmental safety. Effective wastewater treatment offers significant economic

benefits in terms of water conservation and reducing avoidable water losses. Water demand has

increased in dry and semiarid countries like Iran, and yearly rainfall is low in North Africa,

Southern Europe, and major countries like Australia and the United States. As a result, sewage

reuse is the best long-term and sustainable solution to the problem of water scarcity. The world's

population is expected to more than double in the next 30 years. Water availability was reduced

to 3300 cubic meters in 1960 due to population increase, and to 1250 cubic meters in 1995 due to

population growth. By 2025, this trend is expected to decline to 650 cubic meters worldwide.

Due to the current water shortages, wastewater treatment water will need to be reused more

frequently soon. Treatment and implementation of appropriate wastewater treatment

technologies are required for wastewater reuse. In recent years, there has been a rise in research

in poor nations on wastewater treatment utilizing simple, low-cost, and easy-to-use approaches.

For a Scientific Article, a Peer-Reviewed Article, or a Scholarly Research Article are all terms

used to describe a Journal Article. Literature is a term used to describe a collection of journal

articles on a specific topic., you don't need to understand the entire piece to acquire useful
information. By examining all articles published in 5 Iranian Journals of Environmental Health,

this systematic review study was conducted to establish the performance of wastewater treatment

systems in the elimination of microbiological agents (bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungus).

From the beginning of 2008 until the most recent issue of 2018, statistics were gathered by

referring to each journal's dedicated website. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment (IJHE),

Journal of Environmental Health Engineering (JEHE), Journal of Research in Environmental

Health (JREH), and two English-language journals, Environmental Health Engineering and

Management Journal (EHEMJ) and Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering

(JEHSE), were among the peer-reviewed journals (JEHSE). Different types of activated sludge

systems are more effective than other systems at eliminating microbiological agents and the key

markers of sewage contamination, such as total coliforms and fecal coliforms. However,

according to certain research, improper operation, maintenance, and handling of activated sludge

might lower its efficacy and reduce the removal of microbial agents. As a result, it is suggested

that a study be conducted on how to enhance the operation, maintenance, and correct

management of activated sludge systems to impart knowledge to sludge system users and

prevent further microbial agent-related health hazards.

the standards, what specific pump is suitable for the system (provide 1 catalog)

ANSI pumps are centrifugal process pumps that meet the American National Standards

Institute's requirements (ANSI). These chemical pumps, by definition, are horizontal, end suction

single stage, centerline discharge centrifugal pumps of equal size and dimensions, regardless of

pump manufacturer. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers' ANSI / ASME B73.1

standard must be met by these pumps (ASME). It includes metallic centrifugal pump designs and

is a specification for horizontal, end suction, single-stage centrifugal pumps for chemical process

applications. The ASME B73.1 standard specifies the dimensional interchangeability standards,

configuration, and design features that pump manufacturers must meet to make installation easier

and to improve the pump unit's reliability and safety. Furthermore, these standards establish rules

and best practices for the maintenance of these process pumps. The fundamental goal of this

standard is to ensure that all ANSI pumps are interchangeable in terms of mounting dimensions,

suction and discharge nozzle size and location, input shafts, baseplates, and foundation bolt

holes. Alternative designs are considered by the standard if they meet the standard's goal and

encompass construction and performance characteristics that are equivalent to those specified.
 2. The required piping material that can handle the system. Provide the standards or basis of

this (can be from the journal)

HVAC Pumping

HVAC piping deals with a wide range of fluids, pressures, and temperatures. This piping

can run through the interior or exterior of a structure and can be found above or below ground.

When specifying HVAC pipe in a project, these aspects must be considered. The use of water as

a heat transfer medium for cooling and heating is referred to as "hydronic." Water is delivered at

a certain flow rate and temperature in each application. This means that the pumps' total dynamic

head accounts for friction losses in the pipe system, as well as accompanying coils, valves, and

accessories. The system's static height has no bearing on pumping capacity, but it does have an

impact on the system's needed operating pressure. Equipment and component manufacturers

commonly use a 150-psig operating pressure rating for chillers, boilers, pumps, pipelines, and

accessories. This pressure rating should be maintained in system designs whenever practical.

Many low- and medium-rise structures will require a working pressure of 150 pounds per square

inch.

Copper

Drawn-temper tube with ASME B16.22 wrought-copper fittings and unions linked with

lead-free solder or brazing for underground applications, which complies with ASTM B88 and

B88M with types L, B, K, M, or C. For aboveground applications, drawn-temper tubing with

ASME B16.22 wrought-copper fittings and unions linked with lead-free solder or brazing is

permissible, as are pressure-seal fittings that comply with ASTM B88 and B88M with types L,

B, K (usually only used below grade), or A. Type K copper has the thickest tube and can
withstand operating pressures of 1534 psig at 100 degrees Fahrenheit for 12-in. 635 psig piping

for 12 in. 850 psig and 395 psig for type L and type M, respectively. These working pressures

are drawn from Tables 3a, 3b, and 3c of the Copper Development Association's "The Copper

Tube Handbook." These working pressures are for straight lengths of piping, which are not

normally the system's pressure-limiting sections. Under the working pressures of particular

systems, fittings and unions, which unite two sections of pipe, are more likely to leak or fail.

Soldering, brazing, and pressure sealing are the most common copper piping joining methods.

These types of connections should be made of lead-free materials and rated for the system

pressures predicted.

Steel

ASTM A 53/A 53M black or galvanized steel piping with malleable iron (ASME B16.3)

or wrought steel (ASTM A 234/A 234M) fittings and malleable-iron (ASME B16.39) unions.

With threaded or flanged fittings, both class 150 and class 300 flanges, fittings, and unions can

be used. Welding filler metals that comply with AWS D10.12/D10.12M can be used to join this

piping. As previously stated, steel piping is more typically employed in hydronic systems for

bigger piping sizes. To satisfy the demands of chilled and heating water systems, this system

type allows for a choice of pressure, temperature, and sizing requirements. The psig operating

pressure of saturated steam for the corresponding element is referenced by the class designation

for the flanges, fittings, and unions. A class 150 fitting is designed to run at 150 psig at 366

degrees Fahrenheit, whereas a class 300 fitting is designed to operate at 300 psig at 550 degrees

Fahrenheit. A class 150 fitting will produce a water working pressure of 300 psig at 150 degrees

Fahrenheit, while a class 300 fitting will provide a water working pressure of 2000 psig at 150

degrees Fahrenheit. For specific piping types, additional fitting classes are available.
Plastic

CPVC plastic piping with socket-type fittings (ASTM F 438 for schedule 40 and ASTM

F 439 for schedule 80) and solvent cement that meet ASTM F 441/F 441M for both schedule 40

and schedule 80. (ASTM F493). PVC plastic piping with socket-type fittings (ASM D 2466 for

schedule 40 and ASTM D 2467 for schedule 80) and solvent cement that meet ASTM D 1785

for schedule 40 and schedule 80. (ASTM D 2564). Assemble the primer in accordance with

ASTM F 656.
 3. The conditions of the system. (Pressure, Temperature, pump capacity (Q), viscosity of the

fluid, velocity of the fluid). *Hint: some catalogs provide the design conditions

Here is the image below containing the following data:

item no.1?

Advantages

 Small, space-saving & fewer capital costs

 Easy for maintenance

 No danger creates if discharge v/v is closed while starting

 Deal with a large volume

 Able to work medium to low heat

 Able to work medium to low viscous fluid advantages

 Designed to endure extreme temperatures and pressures.

 More capable of dealing with fluids that are harmful to the environment

 The EPA has mandated that emissions be controlled.

If the pump is going to get dry, here are its dangers and disadvantages

 Pump gland & bearing damage due to overheating

 Shaft misalignment

 Seal ring damage

 Wear ring damage

 Impeller damage
 5. Pump maintenance of the pump in item no.1

There are three types of maintenance programs for centrifugal pumps: normal, quarterly, and

annual maintenance. The process of inspecting, logging, and repairing components on a regular

basis is known as routine maintenance. This concentrates on components that are a forerunner to

possible failure.

Bearing and Lubricant Status

Bearing temperature, lubrication levels, and vibrations should be monitored and recorded. The

lubricant should be clear and air bubble-free. If the bearing is ejecting, add oil to cool the

bearing. If the bearings vibrate strongly, this may be a sign of an imminent bearing failure.

Shaft steel condition

Make sure the mechanical seal is in good condition. There should be no evidence of leakage.

Check the packing of the pump when the pump is not working to ensure proper lubrication. If the

packing appears to be crushed and dry, replace the packing and apply oil as instructed in the

instruction manual.

Total pump vibration

Monitoring the vibration of the entire pump can help indicate an imminent pump failure. Pump

misalignment, bearing failure, cavitation, and clogging of suction and drain lines can cause

excessive vibration

Pump discharge
pressure The total pressure generated by the pump is determined by the pressure difference

measured by the suction gauge and the pressure gauge. Make sure the readings are within the

pump design parameters. This information can be found on the manufacturer's website or in the

operating instructions.

Quarterly Maintenance

 Check for tightness of the hold-down bolts and the integrity of the pump's base.

 As a matter of thumb, for oil-lubricated pumps, the oil should be changed after the first

200 hours of operation. Then every three months or after 2,000 hours of operation,

whichever comes first. The oil change intervals and oil grade will be specified in your

operation handbook.

 Bearings should be oiled every three months or 2,000 operational hours, whichever

comes first, for grease-lubricated pumps. Specific specifications for maintenance

intervals and grease grade should be included in your operation manual.

 According to the manufacturer's directions, grease the motor bearings.

 Make sure the shaft is in the right place.

 All pump and motor bearings have a vibration spectrum.

Annual Maintenance

At least once a year, keep a record of your pump's performance. Early in the life of the

pump, performance benchmarks should be established. Head pressure, flow rate, motor amp

draw, and vibration at each bearing should all be included in the benchmarking data.