Introduction of an arch

An arch is a geometrical shape that consists of a semicircle and vertical supports. The arch
is defined by its two vertical piers and a curved intrados (the inner surface of the arch) that
spans the distance between the piers, creating an opening. The weight of the structure above
the arch is transferred to the piers through the arch's abutments, which are the points where
the arch meets the piers.

Arches are most commonly seen in architecture due to its ability to spread its force and
pressure into the ground ensuring utmost stability and strength. With further research, it is
also seen in human anatomy/bone structure proving its adequacy.

Even more astonishing, there is an arch between amongus crewmate’s legs wtf?? (thus
proving its relevancy)

Background of an arch

Arches have been used in architecture for centuries, and have played a vital role in the
development of architectural styles such as Romanesque, Gothic, and Renaissance. It is
believed that the earliest known examples of arches date back to ancient Mesopotamia and
Egypt, where they were used in the construction of monumental structures such as palaces
and temples. The ancient Romans are widely credited with developing the arch to a high
level of technical sophistication, using it extensively in their monumental architecture such as
aqueducts, arches, and domes.
The arch played a crucial role in the development of Gothic architecture during the Middle
Ages. The pointed arch, which is more structurally efficient than the semicircular arch,
allowed for the construction of taller and more slender buildings, such as cathedrals and
castles. The Gothic style was characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying
buttresses, which allowed for the construction of large, open spaces with minimal supports.
Even during the renaissance, architectures discovered the power of arches and began
implementing them, mixing it with other elements of classical architecture.

On the other hand, on biological terms, we can discover the usage of arches in animal bone
structures. Many bones in our bodies are made of arch-like structure but its usage is most
prominent in our feet. The human feet is designed with an arch, also known as the medial
arch. The arch allows the foot to adapt to different surfaces and to absorb shock when
walking or running. The arch acts as a spring, compressing when weight is applied and
releasing energy when weight is lifted. This allows the foot to be more efficient in absorbing
impact and pushing off the ground. (talus is keystone and the metatarsals and calcaneus are
the pillars)

Moreover, the femur, humerus, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula are curved at the points where we
are most likely to take damage. For example, breaking ulna or radius bones would be difficult
to break by applying any force or pressure as they divide up the weight into the rest of the
bones. However, if they were just straight, any type of nominated force would instantly break
it without resistance.

Hypothesis on arches

"The curved shape of an arch allows it to distribute weight more efficiently than a horizontal
beam (basically half rectangle) of the same size and material."

This hypothesis is based on the principle of compression and tension. The arch’s curved
shape creates a compression force, which pushes inwards on the arch and further into the
supports, which we can call as abutments. This compression force causes the arch to
distribute the weight and pressure evenly to the abutments.

However, for the horizontal beam, its weight and pressure is concentrated at the centre
instead of evenly spread out its force at the supports, increasing the chance of it collapsing.
When enough load is given at the centre of the beam, it creates a bending moment, causing
it to bend.

The arch's unique geometry allows it to distribute weight more efficiently, which enables it to
support more weight than a horizontal beam of the same size and material. This is why
arches are often used in architectural designs, such as bridges, and other structures that
need to span large distances or support heavy loads.

Further analysis can be done by creating a model of both of the structures and comparing
their strength upon withholding the noted load. (which we will do)
Conclusion and discussion

Arches are a unique architectural and engineering feature that have been used for centuries
to span large distances, support heavy loads, and add aesthetic appeal to buildings and
other structures. Arches are defined by their curved shape, which is created by the
intersection of a curved line and a straight line, and can be described mathematically as a
parabola or a section of a circle.

In modern times, arches are most commonly seen in bridges which are in need of an
opening for ships or boats passing through without losing its stability and its ability to hold
tons of load.

Further adding the fact that, Arches have several advantages over horizontal beams, such as
their ability to distribute weight more efficiently, which enables them to support more weight
than horizontal beams of the same size and material.