Student Name: 

Eloisa R. Pineda

Review of Related Literature

 for Student Record and Grades Management System

1. Definition of the Word in your Study Title

Grade Definition

[1] Grades particularly describe the classification schemes that are uniformly applied to
identify quantifiable and qualifiable characteristics frequently. It is the reflection on how the
students have performed concerning the course or subject’s set learning objectives. [3]
Moreover, it is a tool that is being used to monitor a student's development and knowledge of
the subject matter. It is stated that grading as the basis of the academic performance of each
of the students combines information from various sources, included in this evaluation seem
to be the tasks or assessments they are turning in, their engagement in class sessions across
all subjects, and their attendance. The concept of grades and the interpretation of their
academic results are associated with the return they receive for their efforts and performances
in particular activities in each subject. [1] Grading is intended to convey information about
how well students are doing in a variety of areas, including educational excellence and
character traits including exertion, behavior, and outlook. Additionally, it is a term used to
describe the markings given to specific student assignments or overall composite evaluations
of student achievement on progress reports. [3] It is used to determine a student's grade and
designate whether they succeeded or failed a specific subject. Furthermore, student grades
will define the academic progress of each of the students in a specific subject. [3]It is also the
outcome of the time and effort that they devoted toward some respective performance in
every task.

Student Record Definition

[2] Records are briefly defined as documents, and folders, that provide relevant data on a
certain thing. Student records could also be considered authentic or documents of personal
records of transactions or occurrences restored within the administration office. The
researcher stated that records are official memos or transcripts of deliberations of activities,
exhibitions, and perhaps other matters held by a certain school administrator.[2] Those data
will act as one historical record or source with timely documentation upon each person
registered to any institution.[2] In addition, the student file is a lifetime record that contains
specific data on each educator who attended and departed from the specific university, as
well as information about their academic progress and accomplishments. [2] It also contains
some particular details on the presence or absence of students, which is useful for
determining whether the students regularly attend class. Moreover, student records preserve
timely records of educational performance that will serve as proof of the student's
educational excellence. [2]
2. Importance of the availability of the service you are proposing

Studies revealed that providing reliable, credible, and accurate reports of relevant
information about such operations are essential to the dependability and growth of an
organization, including academic institutions. [7] Organizing the student data in an
institution comes with several issues since it was completed using a manual approach
that sorts physical exertion to modify, find and refile the paper documents. [8] This
process leads to data repetitive and unreliable data. Studies also emphasized that
obtaining some solutions will be beneficial in the academic institution, especially to
the staff to have an effective approach in executing academic computations and
ensuring the reliability of the student data that will be provided. [7]

Importance of Student Records and Grades Management System

To replacement in the current paper-based method of keeping records, the Students

Records and Grades Management System aims to do so in an effective manner.
Researchers confirmed that web-based student records and grade management
systems can maintain the records of students in a productive way. [7] Furthermore,
researchers indicate that using this system as an alternative way of managing the
student’s data will enhance the transaction process in transferring information among
students as well as the university administration.[7] Using this proposed system and
internet technology will make it simpler to gather and expeditiously detect student
information in a single, centralized database.

3. Problems encountered (problems that a system can solve)

Risk of misfiling or losing paper documents.

[5] As institutions struggle to rely upon manual grading, they also deal with the risks
and consequences of adopting the traditional procedure. A study finding revealed that
a manual approach might have a higher risk of losing or misplacing some vital papers
since the existing system was compiled in a form of a folder that is stored in cabinets.
It is mentioned that natural disasters and other environmental risks will also be
included as sources of losing crucial files that lead to ruining the reputation of an
organization.

Time-consuming

[5] Time-consuming is also regarded as another downside of adopting the

conventional method of keeping student records since the paper-based and manual
process of generating educators’ academic progress took longer to accomplish
properly. It was stated that the current system consumes a lot of time since obtaining
 the essential data and generating it in each session could indeed take a lot of time
along with organizing and storing.

Room for errors

[5] As the study was being generated it was discovered that manual calculation of
students’ grades eliminates human error that leads to miscalculation of data and
repetition of the process. As they deal with the traditional process it was discovered
that human error is one of the factors that contribute to inaccurate results. Error and
incorrect data recording have negatively affected grade reports. Control and influence
over the outcome of a student's marks are also at risk under this issue.

4. How your proposed topic can help or solve the problems

Student Record and Grades Management System intends to digitally automate and
protect the process of gathering and storing student personal information in an
institution. [5] Researchers believed that establishing and managing accurate, current
data about a student's academic career is vitally important for the organization’s
growth and development. [7] Therefore, this proposed system will contribute more to
the fast and secure process of managing and providing accurate data about the
student’s academic records. [9] All of the crucial data that is gathered through the
years of the student’s academic history will be stored in a repository that will be
quickly accessed anytime since all of the important information and academic record
of the students was stored in a secure database using this proposed system. [6] In
addition, it can be tracked and controlled remotely, which results in a reduction in the
amount of manpower needed and consequently, a reduction in the amount of time and
human error engaged in compiling the data. [6]

5. Module of the system should be included in the system

 Students Registration Details

 Attendance Management
 Student Details
 Report Generation
 Achievement Record

6. Information can be collected by the system

 Student’s Personal Information

 Attendance
 Student’s Grade
  Performance Report

7. Methodology (Techniques you will apply to develop the system)

HTML

[10] HTML or Hypertext Mark-up Language was initially developed by British

scientist Teem Berbers Lee in 1989. It is a current standard markup language, that
uses an identifier called tags to indicate to the web server how the author intended
different web page portions to be organized. [10]

CSS (as an enhancer of the graphic layout of the system)

[6] CSS also known as Cascading Style Sheet is used to enhance content accessibility
and better flexibility are two additional benefits of CSS, which also allows some
control over the document's presentational attributes. [6] It can also be used to specify
text formatting, table dimensions, and other elements of Web pages that were
formerly only able to be specified in the HTML of a page. The fundamental goal of
CSS is to distinguish between a website document's display and its content, which
can be written in any markup language. [6]

JAVASCRIPT

[6] JavaScript is mostly used to extend the functionality of websites, validate web
forms, identify browsers, create cookies, and other functions. Since JS has become
one of the most widely used programming languages. It is one of the most widely
used programming languages ever created and is considered one of the most potent
scripting languages now in use. [6]

PHP

PHP is an exceptionally potent server-side programming language for generating

dynamic web applications. [6] Building complex and dynamic webpages were
straightforward with PHP. A PHP script can be placed deep through the core of
HTML code. PHP is compatible with various web servers. [6]

SQL (as the database of the proposed system)

[6] SQL or Standard Query Language is explained as a database management system

This essential component includes a high-performing database server, which serves as
the primary software engine in charge of building and supervising databases, running
queries and providing results, and preserving security. [6]
References:

1. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1993.tb01070.x
2. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0969594X.2020.1799190
3. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3102/0034654316672069
4. https://www.academia.edu/download/55589033/importance-of-record-keeping-in-
schools.pdf
5. https://www.academia.edu/41822759/STUDENT_INFORMATION_SYSTEM?
fbclid=IwAR1QAbTsUZWAvfvvnrd2cvPQZY87HhRShzqMHtt9P7tn7fWdLDnBjxK48
wY
6. https://www.academia.edu/download/56215851/4-shobha_bharamaoudar-
WEB_BASED_STUDENT_INFORMATION.pdf
7. https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2211/2211.00072.pdf
8. https://www.academia.edu/download/40854943/ACTC2013_0233.pdf
9. https://www.scecsal.org/publications/papers2018/040_lubanga_2018.pdf
10. https://books.google.com/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=C3L1DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT11&dq=definition+of+html+css&ots
=FNmFqaZtB1&sig=_TAnlMhNdLtth1Lx8N9Qaz0nPd8