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4.05/5
RISK ASSESSMENT IN PLANTING UNDER
HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINE
CHUAH KAI WEN (AE200066)
ILI AIMI SYAKIRA BINTI ZAKARIA (CE200007)
JAMA YAHYE ABSHIR (BE190021)
KOGILESWARAN NAIDU A/L APPLANAIDU (CE200015)
LAU KAH CHUN (AE200128)
A project report submitted in
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
Degree of Bachelor of Science (Occupational Safety and Health)
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
December 2020
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
TITLE PAGE i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 1
2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
2.1 Objectives 3
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Methods 4
4 DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Data Analysis 5
4.2 Discussion 9
5 RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Recommendation 11
5.2 Research conclusion 17
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
1
/5
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Risk is a combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event with
specified period or in specified circumstances and the severity of injury or damage to the health
of people, property, environment or any combination of these caused by the event. Risk Analysis
and Management of Projects (1998) defined risk is a probability or threat of injury, damage, loss,
or any other negative occurrence that is affected by internal or external vulnerabilities, and that
may be avoided through take action early. NORLIANA BINTI SARPIN (2006) stated the
definitions of risk which taken from the Random House College Dictionary as exposure to the
chance of injury or loss.
Risk assessment is the process of evaluating risks to safety and health of workers from
workplace hazards. Every company has a responsibility to make sure workplaces are safe and
employees, contractors and members of the public are safeguarded from potential harm (James
Murphy, 2020). Risk assessment is the identification of hazards that could negatively impact an
ability to conduct business of organisation (Margaret Rouse, 2020).
2
Plant engineers work for a variety of organizations, meaning the exact duties they carry
out can change such as maintain equipment, train plant personnel, review project plans, ensure
the facility complies with regulations and develop operational plans. Fraser Sherman (2020) stated
the plant engineers is a subspecialty of industrial engineering as improve efficiency, repair
equipment, upgrade to new technologies, increase production and reduce bottlenecks in
manufacturing.
The high voltage transmission lines deliver electricity over long distances, reducing the
amount of energy lost through the high voltage during the distance (PLH GROUP COMPANY,
2014). There is also an advantage of economic associated with high voltage transmission. The
lower current that accompanies high voltage transmission decreases resistance in the conductors
as electricity flows along the cables (CREST INDUSTRIES COMPANY, 2020).
3
CHAPTER 2
/5
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
2.1 Objectives
The objectives of this study are:
I. To identify safety and health hazard in planting under high voltage transmission line.
II. To carry out the risk analysis based on the hazard identified.
III. To recommend the suitable improvements and prevention method to be taken.
4
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY /5
3.1 Methods
Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) is an integration tool to
identify, assess or measure and to control hazard and risk of any workplace and its activities.
Hazards identification for the situation planting under high voltage transmission line was done
with the application of the HIRARC. By implementing HIRARC, the possibility of the accidents
occur will be decreased or removed.
1. Online research method. This method which is also called Internet research, is used to
identify the safety and health hazard that will occur in planting under high voltage
transmission line.
2. Task or job risk analysis. This method is used to focus on the job task for identifying the
safety and health hazard before the incident and accident happen.
3. Observing the factors of the incident and accident occur. During this method, the safety
and health hazards are observed based on the status at the area of high voltage
transmission line. The risk of the hazards is assessed to determine the level of risk so that
the way to control the hazards can be provided.
5
CHAPTER 4 /26
DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Data Analysis
Below Table 1 and Table 2 shows the Hazard Identification, Risk Analysis and Risk
Control phenomenon in high voltage transmission line working scenario. Safety hazard and
Health hazard are main criteria to be known by each individual working in this field to
acknowledge themselves about safety precautions should be taking while working under these
conditions.
No. Work Activity Hazard Which can cause/effect
1 Contact with or close High voltage can flash over High voltage will be
enough proximity to a a gap. transmitted to the person who
high voltage conductor is near the equipment.
2 During maintenance of Accidental short circuit of Electric shock
the machine the system.
3 Using the non- High voltage through any Burn and skin damage electric
superconducting non-superconducting shock
material material creates heat
6
4 Using high voltage Condition of voltage over Sufficient to ignite combustible
system 250V may create arcs, or explosive material
sustained discharges of
electricity between
conductive surface through
a dielectric medium
5 Installing and High voltage lead to Serious injury and death to
repairing electrical electrical arc people
equipment
6 Carrying out work on Ignite combustible liquid -Irritating to respiratory tract
transformer -Eye or skin contact
-lead to fatality
7 Operating heavy Misguided operation may Can risk others life and may
machinery bring up accidents or ends with death if the machine
machinery damage. handled inappropriately.
8 Working in unstable During rain tower or poles Electrical shock and burns.
weather. must not be touched
because tower body
become energized due to
conductivity of water.
9 Working in low EMF Biological effect Risk of Neurodegenerative
conditions. disease
10 Installing corona rings Electric discharge of Creates corrosive gases and can
corona. degrade and embrittle nearby
materials
Table 1: Hazard Identification
7
Risk Risk Control
Analysis
No. Work Activity Existing Likelihood Severity Risk Recommended
Risk Control
Control Measures
(if any)
1 Contact with or Isolation of the
close enough plant or
proximity to a equipment being
high voltage - 3 4 12 worked on
conductor (MEDIUM)
2 During Discharge of
maintenance of conductors and
the machine equipment to
- 4 4 16 remove any
(HIGH) residual
electrical charge
that could be
present
3 Using the non- Avoid use the
superconducting non-
material - 3 3 9 superconducting
(MEDIUM) material in long
period
4 Using high Always check
voltage system - 3 5 15 the condition of
(HIGH) voltage of
system
5 Installing and Proper 1) Redesign
repairing safety electrical
electrical training 3 4 12 systems
equipment and risk (MEDIUM) 2) De-energize
awareness equipment
3) Use arc flash
protection
8
6 Carrying out 1) Avoid contact
work on 2) Use static
transformer bonding kit to
- 3 5 15 eliminate
ignition hazards
(HIGH)
3) Use
mechanical
technologies to
absorb
7 Operating Machines must
heavy be operated
machinery - 3 5 15 under
(HIGH) supervision of
related
engineers or
supervisors.
8 Working in Should not
unstable working in wet
weather. - 4 4 16 conditions to
(HIGH) prevent electric
shock and
severe burns.
9 Working in low Prevent
EMF exposure to
conditions. - 4 4 16 extremely low-
(HIGH) frequency
electromagnetic
fields (EMF
10 Installing Install corona
corona rings rings to
distribute
the electric field
- 4 4 16 gradient and
(HIGH) lower its
maximum
values below the
corona threshold
Table 2: Risk Analysis and Risk Control
9
4.2 Discussion
Hazard Identification, Risk Analysis and Risk Control (HIRARC) have become
fundamental to the practice of planning, management and the operation of a business as a basic of
risk management. This was recognized as proactive way of managing hazard and risk, so that we
will able to control the identified hazard before it become the accident.
Electric power transmission is the bulk movement of electrical energy from
a generating site, such as a power plant, to an electrical substation. The interconnected lines which
facilitate this movement are known as a transmission network. Transmission lines or overhead
Power Lines transmit electricity from the generating stations to other places such as large
industries or to distribution networks from where the electricity is further supplied to different
consumers. Step-up transformers are used at the generation end to increase the voltage level of
transmission. The purpose of increasing the voltage is to reduce the current to minimize I 2R i.e.
power losses during transmission. That's why these lines are termed as high voltage transmission
lines. Transmission lines are common in our communities and are designed and constructed with
public safety in mind. Common sense and awareness can prevent accidents from happening.
Electricity seeks the easiest and shortest path to the ground – when people or objects come too
close to or touch an electrical wire, they can become a part of an electrical circuit that can result
in an instant flow of electricity through them to the ground. Conductors allow electricity to easily
flow in large amounts. All metals, waters, humans and even non-metallic materials (such as trees
and ropes) can conduct electricity depending on moisture content and surface contamination, so
caution needs to be applied when working, living or playing near transmission lines. The flow of
electricity through the human body can burn, severely injure or cause death.
10
Dangers of High Voltage Power Lines are included when Overhead high voltage
transmission lines are not insulated and if a person comes in contact or even closer to them through
a ladder, crane, truck or any other means, he may get a life-threatening electrical shock.
Sometimes due to any fault or other factors electricity from these lines can flow to ground through
the equipment or a person. It can cause serious injuries or death to that person. Electricity can
flash over a gap, so any equipment or a person at some distance from the power lines can still be
in danger. During storms or strong winds, overhead electric lines may fall to the ground and thus
create danger in the surrounding. Working at heights on overhead power lines is not safe operator
may fall to the ground if he is not properly equipped with relevant PPE (personal protective
equipment). Underground power lines can also be hazardous during digging works. An operator
not armed with appropriate PPE may mistakenly come in contact with the conductor causing a
deadly electric shock. If we examine from the angle of health hazard electromagnetic radiations
emitting from powerlines can cause childhood leukimia. Some researches stated that power lines
can cause cancer and other critical health problems and the closer we get to HV overhead lines,
the more dangerous the electromagnetic radiations become. We can suffer from insomnia, anxiety,
headache, skin burns, fatigue, and muscle pain because of radiations from HV power lines. If such
conditions really do occur, then electromagnetic radiations can be prevented from entering the
human body by providing adequate shielding using metal. Things like buildings, trees, etc. can
also serve as shielding for this purpose. In this way, we can reduce the health hazards caused by
these dangerous radiations.
11
CHAPTER 5 / 30
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Recommendation
Compelling controls shield laborers from working environment perils; help evade wounds,
diseases, and episodes; limit or wipe out wellbeing and wellbeing dangers; and assist bosses with
furnishing laborers with protected and stimulating working conditions. The cycles depicted in this
segment will assist managers with forestalling and control dangers distinguished in the past area.
To successfully control and forestall perils, businesses should:
• Include laborers, who regularly have the best comprehension of the conditions that make
perils and experiences into how they can be controlled.
• Recognize and assess choices for controlling risks, utilizing a "pecking order of controls."
• Utilize a risk control intend to direct the choice and execution of controls, and actualize
controls as indicated by the arrangement.
• Create plans with measures to ensure laborers during crises and nonroutine exercises.
• Assess the viability of existing controls to decide if they keep on giving insurance, or
whether various controls might be more compelling. Survey new innovations for their
capability to be more defensive, more solid, or less exorbitant.
12
Action item 1: Identify control options
An abundance of data exists to assist managers with researching alternatives for controlling
recognized perils. Prior to choosing any control alternatives, it is fundamental to request laborers'
contribution on their attainability and viability.
Instructions to achieve it:
Gather, put together, and audit data with laborers to figure out what sorts of perils might be
available and which laborers might be uncovered or possibly uncovered. Data accessible in the
working environment may include:
• Audit sources, for example, OSHA norms and direction, industry agreement principles,
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) distributions, makers'
writing, and designing reports to recognize potential control measures. Keep current on
significant data from exchange or expert affiliations.
• Examine control estimates utilized in different work environments and decide if they
would be powerful at your working environment.
• Analyze control gauges used in various workplaces and choose if they would be amazing
at your work space.
• For complex risks, talk with security and wellbeing specialists, remembering OSHA's For
site Consultation Program.
13
Action item 2: Select controls
Bosses should choose the controls that are the most plausible, successful, and lasting.
Step by step instructions to achieve it:
• Dispose of or control every single genuine risk (dangers that are causing or are probably
going to cause demise or genuine actual mischief) right away.
• Utilize break controls while you create and execute longer-term arrangements.
• Select controls as per a chain of importance that stresses designing arrangements
(counting disposal or replacement) first, trailed by safe work rehearses, managerial
controls, lastly close to home defensive hardware.
• Try not to choose controls that may straightforwardly or in a roundabout way present new
risks. Models incorporate debilitating tainted air into consumed work spaces or utilizing
hearing insurance that makes it hard to hear reinforcement cautions.
• Audit and talk about control choices with laborers to guarantee that controls are possible
and successful.
• Utilize a mix of control choices when no single strategy completely ensures laborers.
Note: Whenever conceivable, select hardware, apparatus, and materials that are characteristically
more secure dependent on the use of "Anticipation through Design" (PtD) standards. Apply PtD
when making your own office, gear, or item plan choices. For more data, see the connection to
the NIOSH PtD activity in Additional Resources.
14
Action item 3: Develop and update a hazard control plan
A peril control plan depicts how the chose controls will be executed. A successful arrangement
will address genuine perils first. Between time controls might be vital, yet the general objective
is to guarantee viable long haul control of dangers. It is essential to follow progress toward
finishing the control plan and occasionally (at any rate yearly and when conditions, cycles or
hardware change) check that controls stay compelling.
Instructions to achieve it:
• Rundown the risks requiring controls arranged by need.
• Dole out obligation regarding introducing or actualizing the controls to a particular
individual or people with the force or capacity to execute the controls.
• Build up an objective culmination date.
• Plan how you will follow progress toward fruition.
• Plan how you will check the adequacy of controls after they are introduced or actualized.
Action item 4: Select controls to protect workers during nonroutine operations and
emergencies
The peril control plan ought to incorporate arrangements to secure specialists during nonroutine
activities and predictable crises. Contingent upon your working environment, these could
incorporate fires and blasts; substance discharges; risky material spills; spontaneous hardware
closures; inconsistent support exercises; characteristic and climate catastrophes; work
environment savagery; psychological militant or criminal assaults; infection episodes (e.g.,
pandemic flu); or health related crises. Nonroutine assignments, or errands laborers don't
ordinarily do, should be drawn nearer with specific alert. Before starting such work, audit work
risk examinations and occupation security investigations with any laborers included and advise
others about the idea of the work, work plan, and any essential safeguards.
15
Instructions to achieve it:
• Create strategies to control perils that may emerge during nonroutine activities (e.g.,
eliminating machine guarding during upkeep and fix).
• Create or adjust plans to control perils that may emerge in crisis circumstances.
• Secure any gear expected to control crisis related perils.
• Allot duties regarding actualizing the crisis plan.
• Lead crisis drills to guarantee that techniques and hardware give sufficient assurance
during crisis circumstances.
Note: Depending on your area, sort of business, and materials put away or utilized nearby,
specialists including neighborhood fire and crisis reaction divisions, state organizations, the U.S.
Natural Protection Agency, the Department of Homeland Security, and OSHA may have extra
necessities for crisis plans. Guarantee that your systems agree to these prerequisites.
Action item 5: Implement selected controls in the workplace
When risk counteraction and control measures have been recognized, they should be actualized
by the peril control plan.
Step by step instructions to achieve it:
• Execute risk control measures as per the needs settled in the danger control plan.
• At the point when assets are restricted, execute measures on a "most exceedingly terrible
first" premise, as per the danger positioning needs (hazard) set up during peril
distinguishing proof and appraisal. (Note, nonetheless, that paying little heed to restricted
assets, bosses have a commitment to shield laborers from perceived, genuine perils.)
• Speedily execute any measures that are simple and reasonable—e.g., general
housekeeping, evacuation of clear stumbling perils, for example, electrical lines, essential
lighting—paying little heed to the degree of risk they include.
16
Action item 6: Follow up to confirm that controls are effective
To guarantee that control measures are and stay successful, bosses should follow progress in
executing controls, assess and assess controls whenever they are introduced, and follow routine
preventive support rehearses.
Instructions to achieve it:
• Direct ordinary reviews (and mechanical cleanliness checking, whenever demonstrated)
to affirm that designing controls are working as planned.
• Assess control measures to decide whether they are compelling or should be altered.
Include laborers in the assessment of the controls. On the off chance that controls are not
successful, recognize, select, and actualize further control gauges that will give sufficient
security.
• Affirm that work rehearses, authoritative controls, and individual defensive hardware use
approaches are being followed.
• Lead routine preventive support of gear, offices, and controls to help forestall occurrences
because of hardware disappointment.
17
/5
5.2 Research Conclusion
Hazard in planting sector under high voltage transmission line classified as safety and
health hazard. The potential hazards have been pointed out and top management already
considered appropriate controls to prevent accidents and incidents that will happen on the future.
The rules implement in every manufacturing factory applied from top management to the lowest
employees to minimize unfortunate accidents.
Sectors that operated under high voltage transmission line are industrial power plant,
medium sized power plant, substation and also factories. Factory that use high voltage to operate
have to take extra precautions. Electrical appliances should be tested and tagged to avoid
electrocution or injury. All damaged tools should be removed from the working spaces.
Any excavation or digging has possible danger of contact with buried systems like HV
cables, earthing systems, gas, water, sewer and fire services. Work activities that operated under
high voltage line can be very dangerous if no precaution applied to the employees. Based on the
OSH regulation, to do excavation activities should get permit-to-work as it is a normal procedure
for risky assessment. All work activities including risky work have been highlighted by the
management as potential hazard may happen at any times.
Today, transmission level voltages are usually considered to be 110 kV and above.
Several substation of transmission are step up, intermediate and step down substation are very
important as electricity is a necessary for human being nowadays. To provide the best for the
costumers, it is very important for management to provide safety to their employee including
technician that exposed to high voltage and current.
The responsibilities of manager is to make sure the implementation of training programs
associated with the working procedure. Also as an employee, they should be aware of safety
awareness at work as a top priority.
REFERENCES /5
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (2020). Flammable & Combustible Liquids
Hazards. Retrieved on December 1, 2020 from
https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/flammable/flam.html
Crest Industries Company (2020). Transmitting Electricity at High Voltages. Retrieved on 27,
2020 from
http://www.betaengineering.com/high-voltage-industry-blog/transmitting-electricity-at-
high-voltages
Croner-I Limited Company (2020). High voltage work: In-Depth. Retrieved on November 27,
2020
https://app.croneri.co.uk/topics/high-voltage-work/indepth
D & F Liquidators (2020). Arch Flash: What Is It, Why Does It Happen and How Can You
Avoid It? Retrieved on December 1, 2020 from
https://www.dfliq.net/blog/arc-flash-happen-can-avoid/
Fraser Sherman (2020). What Are the Duties of a Plant Engineer? Retrieved on November 27,
2020 from
https://work.chron.com/duties-plant-engineer-17305.html
Jaguar Expo Inc. (2020). Prevention of Oil-Filled Transformer Explosions. Retrieved on
December 1, 2020 from
https://electricenergyonline.com/energy/magazine/362/article/Prevention-of-Oil-Filled-
Transformer-Explosions.htm
James Murphy (2020). Risk Assessment Template. Retrieved on November 26, 2020 from
https://www.hsdirect.co.uk/free-info/risk-assessment.html
Kitchener Morris, PSSR Manager (2020). Work in Substations – General. Retrieved on
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au/what-we-do/health-safety/power-system-safety-
rules/Documents/Work%2520in%2520Substations%2520-%2520General.pdf&ved=2ah
UKEwi_1dKl97HtAhUnyzgGHZj6DX4QFjAAegQIAhAB&usg=AOvVaw29od18ZFh
y57vy0YbBvWih
Margaret Rouse (2020). Risk Assessment. Retrieved on November 26, 2020 from
https://sear.chcompliance.techtarget.com/definition/risk-assessment
Norliana Binti Sarpin (2006). Risk Assessment Process of Hazards in Construction Sites.
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Plh Group Company (2014). High Voltage Electrical Line. Retrieved on November 27, 2020
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https://www.stakeholdermap.com/risk/risk-definition.pdf
APPENDCES
No. Work Activity Hazard Which can cause/effect
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Table 1: Hazard Identification
Risk Risk
Analysis Control
No. Work Activity Existing Likelihood Severity Risk Recommended
Risk Control
Control (if Measures
any)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Table 2: Risk Analysis and Risk Control
Figure 1: Electric shock
Figure 2: Skin damage by electrical
Figure 3: Burning
Figure 4: Explosion
