TECHNIQUES OF FOOTBALL

 Techniques without the ball

The player’s movements without a ball

Footballers often change their position by running, while watching the ball, the opponents and their
teammates. Footballers may also be forced to change their position in accordance with the information
obtained about the conditions changing every minute.

Technical elements without ball

 Running
 Direction changes
 Jumping
 Landing
 Downfall
 Basic position and positioning of the goalkeeper

Running moves in football consist of the same phases as in athletics running (swinging, pushing off, flying,
landing), but there are some differences in their performance (pushing off, stride length, centre of gravity,
etc.).

Quick start is an essential part of modern football. Out of two opponents in the same position the one will
have an advantage who is able to start faster in order to solve a task or occupy a certain position (running to
an empty territory, putting the opponent in an offside position, get-ting the ball, etc.) Start is performed well
when it is quick, and the player reaches the required speed in the shortest time.

A form of breaking away from the opponent is a quick stop and a subsequent change of direction. It is a
basic requirement that the stop should happen in the shortest possible time. It can only be reached by
supporting the front leg on the ground with a strong pressure while the knee of the back leg lowers and the
torso leans back. When supporting, the knees are bent and the body weight is put on the back leg.

During a match, the players often change the direction of their position because of the con-stantly changing
situation. The change of direction should be performed by the minimum speed reduction in every direction.

Different tag games and slalom running (line and relay races by going round obstacles) are suitable forms to
practice the change of direction. (Tóth, 2001).

Jumping up usually happens when a player gets or passes the ball. It can be performed with one or two legs
from standing or running. The stages of athletics jumps (support, crouching, rolling over, swinging, pushing
off) can also be found in football. In addition to proper jumping technique, calculation of the place and the
time of jumping up, as well as the optimum use of physical strength are important factors. Before jumping
up, the knees are bent lowering the centre of gravity to the ground.

It is an important requirement for the players to be able to equally perform the jumps by using either the
right or the left leg with the same result.

Landing should be smooth with a safe centre of gravity. When landing, the front part of the sole touches the
ground, and the impetus is reduced by bending and moving of the ankle and the joint of the knee.

The player can land on one leg or both legs. The latter is safer because of the bigger con-tacting surfaces.
After jumps in running, it is more expedient that the player’s legs land at a different rate. Landing is ideal
when the subsequent tasks (running, dribbling, tackling, further jumps) can be performed as soon as
possible. Landing with stretched legs should be avoided, which can lead to injuries, and the player performs
the subsequent moves with delay.

It often occurs that a player falls over after performing the technical elements or due to the opponent’s
intervention because he fails to land in the proper balanced position. When a player falls over, it is important
to play attention to a smooth landing. When the player’s balance be-comes unsteady, the player takes a cross
step in order that the bigger part of the body weight should be put on that leg. Arms stretched out and bent at
the elbow play an important role in dulling falling over.

When the player touches the ground first not with his leg but with another part of the body, he should strive
for rolling. If so, first the hand then the arm touches the ground, and they are followed by the other parts of
the body (the leg, the thigh, the hip).

The dribbling player performs sudden, unpredictable movements to deceive the opponent. Starting and
running dribbles are executed without a ball. The starting dribble is applied by the player before running
movements to draw the opponent’s attention. After the dribble, the player goes on in the real direction.
Primarily, the upper part of the body or a stepping out leg play a crucial role in the pretended movement. As
for the running dribbles, this role is played by the movements performed during running: a change of pace
and direction, a quick stop.

Relay and line races give an opportunity for the 6-10 year-old children to develop several technical elements
without a ball, and also coordination of motion. Children should acquire two movements without a ball as
soon as possible: positioning and defensive movements. Children should be aware of the initiative role of
positioning to get rid of the opponent, which makes trapping and passing the ball possible. Defensive
movements help the children to develop their ability to follow the opponent. The movements consist of
running, running with post-steps, and a combination of turns. (Szalai, 1998).

Basic position and positioning are a part of the goalkeeper’s technique without a ball. Start-ing position
plays an important role in the goalkeeper’s movements aiming at saving. In starting position the goalkeeper
stands in a straddle position with (two feet width). The knees are bent and pushed forward in order that the
body weight will be put on both soles. The upper part of the body leans forward, the arms are lifted to the
side and bent at the elbow. Any kind of the goalkeeper’s movement can be started from this body position.
During the match, the goal-keeper can change the position in the goal depending on the motion of the ball
trying to occupy that part of the goal from where there is a good chance to save fast and successfully. The
activ-ity, during which the goalkeeper takes short post-steps trying to keep the body position de-scribed
above, is called the goalkeeper’s positioning. The position of the goalkeeper is always determined by that of
 the ball. When the ball position changes, it involves a change in the po-sition of the bisector and that of the
goalkeeper as well. (Bicskei, 2010)

TECHNIQUES OF FOOTBALL WITH THE

—Control is the ability to manipulate the ball and prepare it for subsequent touches, such as dribbling,
passing, or shooting. It is one of the most essential skill in football game. —Ball control or collecting refers
to the players ability to receive a ball and to bring it under complete control.
 Ball control has two main categories
 1.Receiving
 2.Trapping  
—Receiving means redirecting the ball into space, so you can shoot or dribble with out being stationary.
—Trapping is basically stopping the ball right at your feet. —Ball controlling is the leading skill in football
game because the time the player has to dribble, pass, or shoot is determined by the efficiency in getting the
ball under control or receiving it.  —
Types of controlling
 1.The sole
 2.The inside of foot
 3.The full instep
 4.The thigh
 5.The chest
—Kicking is the act of hitting a ball with feet or head the purpose of which is scoring a goal, passing a ball
to a teammate, or clearing a ball from the danger area. —
Components of the kick
 1.The approach
 2.Plant-foot force
 3.Swing-limb loading
 4.Hip flexion and knee extension 
 5.Foot contact
 6.Follow- through action

 —Inside of the foot kick(push pass)

Inside of the foot kick Outside of the foot kick Instep of the foot kick
—Dribbling
Dribbling is a skill in which a individual player maintains control of the ball while moving the ball down the
field. —Dribbling may be used to(importance of dribbling)
 1.To breakthrough the defense of opponent team
 2.For self defense
 3.To break offside trap
 4.To delay the game
 5.To steal attention of the opposing team players
 6.Moving in for a shot on goal
•Shooting uses the same technical elements as passing, with the important difference being that the goal is to
pass the ball beyond the goalkeeper. •The aim of the game is simple: score goals.
•To score goals, the players need to develop both good shooting technique and a positive attitude toward
taking shots whenever they have a good opportunity. •If you do not shoot, you will not score.
The development of proper shooting technique:
 •proper body mechanics,
 •accuracy,
 •power and •timing.
 •There is also an important mental aspect to shooting.
 •A player who shoots with confidence is more likely to be successful.
 •Players need to relax and focus when shooting.
Heading is kicking the ball with the head. Soccer is the only sport in which the head is used formally to play
the ball. The forehead provides the best hitting surface b/c it is large, relatively flat, and allows the ball to be
seen on contact.
Methods of heading
 1.Standard heading
 2.Dive heading
 3.Glancing heading
 4.Flick heading
Tackling is one of the methods used for defending and regaining possession of ball and skillful defenders are
masters of denying their oppositions. They limit the ball carrier, slow him down, and generally prevent his
direct route to goal.
A Throw-in is game restarting technique that taken in football when an opposing player sends the ball over
the sidelines. A goal cannot be directly scored from a throw-in, and a player cannot offside if he play from a
throw-in.
Goalkeeping is a specialized position in football game. A successful goalkeeper must have good hands,
agility, patience, sharp reflexes, and above all courage. The major responsibility of the goalkeeper is to try to
prevent the attacker from scoring(shooting), and when not possible, to defend the goal. The goalkeeper in
football the only player permitted to use the hands and feet in playing the ball in his own court. 
The techniques of goalkeeping includes
 1.Catching
 2.Kicking
 3.Dribbling
 4.Punching
 5.Deflecting
 6.Throwing and all techniques of field players.