How Did Human Evolution Take

Place?

By: Merlin Lora

Lesson plan :Human evolution
● Topic: How did human evolution take place?

● Specific Objectives ; to advance science history

● to instill a historical mindset in students and to familiarize
them with methods of reconstructing human evolution
● Teaching learning material: Presentation

● Investigating the Learner's knowledge base;

●
● What exactly do you mean by evolution?
● Why do we require evolution?
● What was Charles Dawrin's Evolutionary Theory?
● What comes to mind when you think of human evolution?
Lesson plan continued
● Introduction to sub topic; Today we will learn how humans
descended from early ancestors like gorillas, chimpanzees, Homo
Erectus, and Homo nerta. This lesson covers the main
characteristics that set the species apart from one another.
● Teaching learning process: In anthropology, evolution is the
alteration in a species' traits over a number of generations and
depends on the method of natural selection. All species are related
to one another and change over time, according to the theory of
evolution.
Human Evolution History

● Human evolution is the long process of change that led to people descended from apelike ancestors. Scientific evidence
indicates that the physical and behavioral traits shared by all humans evolved over a six-million-year period from apelike
ancestors.

● Bipedalism, or the capacity to walk on two legs, evolved more than 4 million years ago and is one of the earliest
characteristics that distinguishes humans. Other crucial human traits, like a large and complex brain, the capacity for
language, and the ability to create and use tools, emerged more recently. The past 100,000 years have seen the emergence
of many advanced traits, such as complex symbolic expression, art, and elaborate cultural diversity.

● Human beings are primates. Physical and genetic similarities show that the modern human species, Homo sapiens, is
closely related to the apes, another group of primate species. Humans and the African great apes (large apes) -- chimps
(including bonobos, or "pygmy chimps") and gorillas -- share an ancestor who lived between 8 and 6 million years ago.
“Theories of
Human evolution
“Darwinism is a theory of biological
evolution developed by the English
naturalist Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
and others, which states that all
species of organisms arise and develop
through natural selection of small,
inherited variations that increase the
individual's ability to compete, survive,
and reproduce.

The three main components of Charles

Darwin's theory of evolution were that
variation occurred randomly among
members of a species, that an
individual's traits could be inherited by
its progeny, and that the struggle for
survival would allow only those with
favorable traits to survive.
6 Stages of Human Evolution
● First stage Dryopithecus : These are thought to be the forefathers of both humans and apes.
They lived in China, Africa, Europe, and India, among other places. The oak wood apes are
represented by the genus Dryopithecus. When Dryopithecus lived, the tropical lowlands it
inhabited were densely forested, suggesting that the members were primarily herbivores.
●
● Second stage Ramapithecus;Later, in Africa and Saudi Arabia, their first remains were found
in the Punjabi Shivalik range. They inhabited vast grasslands. Two pieces of evidence support
their primate ancestry:
● enamel that is thicker, strong jaws, and shorter canines.
● Using your hands to eat, defend yourself, and assume an upright position.
● Third stage Australopithecus ; This Genus's first fossil was found in South Africa in 1924.
They walked upright, used stones as weapons, and lived on the ground. They were between 60
and 80 pounds and stood 4 feet tall.
Fourth stage Homo Erectus; In 1891, Sixth stage Homo
the first Homo Erectus fossil was ● Fifth stage Homo Sapiens ●
Neanderthalensis;Homo Sapiens ; The
discovered in Java.
Pithecanthropus Erectus was Erectus evolved into Homo remains of Homo
given this name. These were Sapiens were
Sapiens. During the course
thought to be the missing link discovered and
of evolution, two subspecies
between humans and apes. named
of Homo Sapiens were Cro-Magnon in
The Peking man was another discovered: Homo sapiens Europe.
Chinese discovery. This Neanderthal and Homo
specimen had large cranial sapiens sapiens. The cranial ●
capacities and was thought to The jaws are quite
capacity of Neanderthals reduced in these,
have lived in groups. Homo
erectus made use of increased from 1200 to 1600 the modern man's
quartz-based tools. Bone and cc. Some small hand axes chin appears, and
wood tools were also discovered. had also been discovered. the skull is
There is evidence of group This hominid species was rounded. Their
hunting. There is also evidence capable of hunting big game cranial capacity
of fire use. Homo Erectus is was approximately
thought to have lived in caves.
such as mammoths.
● 1350 cc. They
obtained food by
hunting. This is
Human
Characteristics
Homo erectus ;In comparison to later
specimens, homo erectus had smaller, more
primitive teeth, a smaller body size, and
thinner, less robust skulls. In comparison to
contemporary humans, the species also had
a large face. Their lower jaw lacked a chin,
and like Neanderthals, their skull was long
and low rather than rounded like ours.

Homo Habilis;Overview: This species, one of

the earliest members of the genus Homo,
has a smaller face and teeth compared to
Australopithecus or other older hominin
species, as well as a slightly larger
braincase. However, it still possesses some
ape-like traits, such as long arms and a
moderately prognathic face.

Homo sapiens ; Modern Homo sapiens

skulls are rounded in the back and have a
short base and high braincase, which
suggests that the neck muscles have shrunk.

Fairly small face with a prominent nose

bone.
 Conclusion; / Discussion

There is no scientifically accepted

evidence that humans have ceased
Why is evolution necessary for us?
to evolve. Human evolution is ●
● What was the Evolutionary Theory of
undeniably ongoing and will Charles Dawrin?
● What images come to mind when you
continue to be so. Humans differ in consider human evolution?
their reproductive success, which ● What do you mean particularly
leads directly to evolution. by evolution?