TEMARIO.

pdf

Pilar40

Narrativa Inglesa y Norteamericana Ii

4º Grado en Estudios Ingleses

Facultad de Filosofía y Letras

Universidad de Cádiz

Reservados todos los derechos.

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
 TEMA 1 – THE LITERARY ARCHETYPE

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
When we talk about archetype we are talking about collective unconscious

In Freud we have: Ego – Superego (what you have to do) – Id (what you want to do but
shouldn’t; no rules, pleasure principal)

When you are child there’s no separation between what is real and fantastic

In Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Jekyll is id

All this is by Freud, now we are going to focus into de collective unconscious by Jung

All individuals from part of a group, a collective that is unconsciousness, that identifies with
humanity

Reservados todos los derechos.

Features shares the group is archetype. Some people identify with other by archetypes.

Archetypal characters

Joseph Cambell, with a mixture of myths and other texts, make the idea of archetype

In general, archetypically, hero tends to be male, but now questioning the roles, there are
more female heroes.

In stories, hero usually has to go in a journey. Try to stop the villain

In the myth, Arthur’s helper is Merlin. So heroes have helpers but also the counterpart

Myth of Prometeus  fire is an archetype for human power and human imagination. Symbol
of knowledge and creativity.

Anti-hero is the person who is incapable of doing the task that is given to him

Jung and the Collective Consciousness

Myths are collected dreams, and before we have oral tradition with myths

Archetype  house  everything inside is safe, out is dangerous

The Scapegoat (chivo espiatorio / cabeza de turco)

We have this in Waiting for Barbarians

Scapegoat  the weak person, psycho projection of something that is wrong into something
else

The Devil Figure

The tempter, is the one that temps the hero, test the hero. How people can have that evil side

The Fool

a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-1387163
 We can relate it with Donald Trump, want to be famous

The Anima / Animus

What Jung said was to put together male and female energies

Jung  we all stay in the world as a whole

“narrative arch”  the journey that somebody goes on and also the change of a particular
character. The person goes through several changes as the story progresses

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
Ying (feminine) / Yang (masculine)

The Double

Arthur relates with Merlin, that is a double

Archetypes operate with each other

Don Quixote (he’s crazy, living in the world of his books  Id) – Sancho Panza (the opposition
of Don Quixote)

The name of the Rose  young man and an older one

Reservados todos los derechos.

The Foil

The foil functions is to find through opposition

The Trickster

Somebody that fools the hero for bad or good reasons

Subliminal fear of sublimination  archetype of vampire

The trickster can also be a shadow archetype, the hidden

The trickster and the foil are similar

Archetypal concepts and themes

Initiation: something you have to through to become something else

The journey: Bildungsrroman

The Fall: the fall in itself is an archetype

Tragic Flaw: a defect. The hero is perfect but there is one thing that does not recognize with
himself

Death and Rebirth: characters start being bad and ends being good. In Breaking Bad, the
archetype is reversed

TEMA ON CHESIL BEACH

Llévate 1 año de WUOLAH PRO con BBVA. ¿Cómo? ¡+Info aquí!

a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-1387163
 Sexuality and modernity

What is happening in 1951 in England, Victorian society

The characters are archetypal in a specific time

Dramatic irony: character do not want to reveal a part of them

A couple that can’t talk about sex, cannot express themselves sexually

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
19th c. novels are about unconsciouss

One of Lawrence problem is she doesn’t like sex, she feels anxiety

Sexual revolution and its consequences

There’s a change in the way people engage with each other

Women’s body only seen as a reproduction way

In the book we have historical irony

(afterward) Freud

Reservados todos los derechos.

The violin is related with female masturbation

The music in On Chesil Beach is related with trauma

Edward cannot express him because it has not given the tools to do it

Lack of communication is the problem in the book

Discuss the treatment of masculinities in the novel. Focus on Edward. Speak about violence: he
is a person who is aware of his violence but control it. He develops as a character, a different
kind of character. Background: rural England. His mother was brain damage by a train. When
he is older he understands the reason of that and is angry. Edward want to be part of upper
middle class. When he goes to Flowrence house, he tastes food and is amazed. Food = new
world and better social state. He’s a smart guy as he studies history. Couples in a way are
doubles

TEMA LIBRO BARBARIANS

Freud and the Uncanny

Uncanny: something that is hiding yet it is known, it is revealed in different ways

Uncanny: someone who knows a lot

Uncanny fiction: ghost stories use the uncanny. Recognizing of something on somebody else
that is hidden, something that is outside of our rational thinking, crippy

Llévate 1 año de WUOLAH PRO con BBVA. ¿Cómo? ¡+Info aquí!

a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-1387163
 On Chesil Beach: she hears the sound of the belt, and it brings her back to the boat with her
father  uncanny  related with trauma, something that bring you back to the traumatic
moment

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde  uncanny  how Mr. Hyde reveals himself to Jekyll

Ampliacion de las diap del tema de on chesil beach y barbarians en los apuntes

More power you have, better manage discourse

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
Scapegoat:

- Discourse
- Shadow
- Foucault

Fall: he goes from privilege to beggar

Empathy: because he has suffered, he sees the empire in a different way

Harvest: compare the cycle of nature and the cycle of empire

Reservados todos los derechos.

Empires: all have their rise and fall, so it is already in decline, is a cycle

Cyclical time  the “eternal return”. Time no linear, time as cyclical, which is the
representation of nature

The time of empire is our time

Vision for the future of the frontier  he realizes that the empire is going to fall

TEMA WIDE SARGASO SEA

Rewriting of Jane Eyre

Psychological novel  Jane Eyre

- Narrator: Jane, 1st person

- Women depend on man
- Interest in what is inside the protagonist’s mind
- Irish formers were not allowed to own their own lands
- Beginning of industrial revolution
- Jane Eyre worked for Rob Chester
Rob Chester  new merchant class in England, new emerging class people with money
- Archetype: bildunsgroman  Jane Eyre. She looks for a position
- How Rob Chester got the money to buy the house? Jane Eyre doesn’t ask does
questions
- Bertha Maison (creole). She is mad, wife of Rob, so he cannot marry with Jane
- He travel to Caribbean to get money. That’s the story of colonialism
- Rob becomes blind, his wife die and they got married

Llévate 1 año de WUOLAH PRO con BBVA. ¿Cómo? ¡+Info aquí!

a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-1387163
 In Wide Sargasso Sea  there are allusions  the father is related with own slaves

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
- Civilization mission: interest in expansion

We are deconstructing the text of Jane Eyre from a different position

Historical irony  deconstruction  we are applying ideas we know to a text

No text has a fixed meaning

We can deconstruct a text and make different interpretations of it

Madness: difficulties to adapt to a society (Antoinette)

Wide Sargasso Sea  moment of the slaves emancipation, they are free, no longer to be slave,
but they continue working as they need money

Reservados todos los derechos.

There were plantations of sugar in the Caribbean. Also honey. Europeans want to consume
sugar. They used black Africans to work in the plantations

At the beginning of the novel we have emancipation, slaves are not more slaves. In the
Caribbean, the slave owners suffered a collapse, collapse of economic system

Mr Mason  new capitalist

Crisis in the Caribbean due to emancipation, and the new capitalists employ back Africans
more or less as slaves

The mother, they are destitute, they are living in the cortijo but they have not money and it
provokes the fall

Mr Mason  has the money from the new father of Antoinette

PP DECONSTRUCTION A POST STRUCTUALIST VIEW OF TEXTS

Wide Sargasso Sea is a prequel of mad woman

Bertha Mason is a minor character. Characterized as creole and mad woman

Structuralism: signified and signifier has a meaning

Poststructuralist: signified and signifiers don’t have a fixed meaning

Logocentrism: symbol that has a meaning. 1 fixed meaning

A western perspective of looking to the world

Every meaning has a supplementary meaning, a meaning that goes against that

Wide Sargasso Sea in the middle  not America, not middle  Antoinette, is a creole, in the
middle. This is the reason of the title

WHAT TO DO ... CRITIQUE?

a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-1387163
 What type...framed?  racial society and imperialism

INTERTEXTUAL GAMES

Objective...subtext Jane Eyre: subtext: colonialism

PP COLONIAL DESIRE

Wide Sargasso Sea told in two ways

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
- Told by Antoinette perspective, attracted by Rob Chester
- Told by Rob Chester

At the beginning Rob Chester feels a bit insecure but he’s in a slave society

THE RACIAL STEREOTYPE

Manifest...other  what seems to be the level of superiority, it is really insecurity

At the beginning, the family has been abandoned. Mr Cosway has died. When the
emancipation of the Caribbean

The structure of society has collapsed

Reservados todos los derechos.

Antoinette  marooned  now they live with slaves and are poor. They are creole, that not
fit in society. They not belong to Caribbean. They are more hated, because creole has different
blood and are like more suspicious

It has another meaning: those slaves who escape the slave plantation and go and lives in the
mountains or Jamaica (cimaroones)

Marooned  then  Mr. Mason married  Colibri house

Mason  new capitalist

Marxist perspective: change from the old slave, order to the new capitalist

Christophine: the one that say things, slaves are free but they have to work because they have
nothing

At the end, the burning of the house by Caribbean. They are happy because Antoinette is poor.
Then the book change the perspective.

In Jane Eyre, Rob Chester is imposing the identity

With the painting, she is saying that she wants to be like that, be English

Wide Sargasso Sea 2 perspectives:

- Perspective of money
- Perspective of cultural identity, whiteness

TEMA THE CATCHER IN THE RYE

Llévate 1 año de WUOLAH PRO con BBVA. ¿Cómo? ¡+Info aquí!

a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-1387163
 Holden has his version of reality. All from his perspective

Narrator  unreliable

Salinger: give voice to somebody who is 16, archetype of outsider (see reality from a specific
point of view)

Phenomenal mental world: Holden universe. World he creates to protect himself from the
real.

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
Holden big problem: his brother death. Allie’s death. Everything that happen in the book is a
reaction of that death

People only live inside their heads and impossible to relate with others  solipsism  where
there is no relationship between the phenomenal mental world and noumental material world

We are inside Holden head

Holden is the alter-ego of Salinger

The avatar  in the process of the book, you become that person

Reservados todos los derechos.

Holden is an outsider, is different (red hat)

Holden  traumatized  brother death

Salinger  traumatized  WWII

Location of the story:

- Narrative frame: at the end, we don’t know where he is. He phsyquically has a
problem, is like sick. We don’t know if he is in a psychiatric. All is written like a
confession
- Solipsism: only reality he is capable of seen
He one inside his head
He is against consumerism

Afterwards the book, Salinger became a recluse: similar solipsism between Holden and
Salinger

PP

America en in the 1950s...

The idea of the suburban family alien to the rest of the world

Salinger wrote The Catcher in the Rye against consumerism

COMMODIFICATION

In our society, everything has become an object for sell

Llévate 1 año de WUOLAH PRO con BBVA. ¿Cómo? ¡+Info aquí!

a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-1387163
 There are certain things that we should not buy (love, friends...)

Commodification of the body: idealization of the body, and if you don’t have it you have to feel
bad

THE LONELY CROWD

Inner-directed personalities  construct your personality from things that one important for
you

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
Happiness depend on the others

MODERN CULTURE AND ALIENATION

You are made to believe that the way capitalist world is constructed is the only way

ROOTS OF...

By reading The Catcher in the Rye you are against commodity

2 ways of looking to alienation (you are perceiving the world from a distance):

- Existentialism: questioning the existence

Reservados todos los derechos.

- Phenomenology: study of actual being in the world

ALIENATION (2)

If you alienate you will be alone

Holden: he is protected by alienation but at the same time it provokes him a problem

SOCIAL ISOLATION

His friend, Castle, commits suicide wearing his sweater

Red hat  symbol of his isolation

ISOLATION AND ITS...

Holden is in denial of certain things, living ignoring certain things

Regression: regress to an earlier childhood where you were happy. For example, National
Museum or when he is seeing his sister in the park

Displacement: I feel bad about myself, so I displace to another person or object

Rationalization: you distort the facts to rationalize something wrong in yourself

TEMA CRASH

A lot of Ballard’s books are dystopias

Ballard’s fiction is dystopian version of reality

Llévate 1 año de WUOLAH PRO con BBVA. ¿Cómo? ¡+Info aquí!

a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-1387163
 Death of affect  how technologies colonize human conscious. Centre of his fiction. How

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
individuals in postmodernism become divorce from themselves. Consumerism divorce
ourselves

Crash  group of sadomasochist man, who sexually attracted by mutilation and car crashes

Ballard was the first of French high theory

Every text has a subtext, nothing is original

Fight Club  fragmentised  start in media res narrator with a gun in the top of a building

Ballard  how advertising creates the false reality

Car becomes the centre of our society. In Crash, fuses car crash with desire

Reservados todos los derechos.

Car became a fetish (standing for another kind of desire)

Car (object of desire)

Ballard  we are obsessed with famous people

City of Glass - bluers between real and fictional

What is doing  mixing the real with the death of affect, the fetished society

We never know the original root of the drive  Freud

TEMA FIGHT CLUB

Deautomatizing perception  breaking the way you look reality

TEMA CITY OF GLASS

It's hard-boiled fiction: very little emotions, characters too dimensional

In classical detective novel we never know it the detective has family (isolated)

Hard-boiled detective stories: comment about society

Detective: anti-hero

Quest: understand society in which he lives, evil and good

New York: metaphor of psychological chaos

Quinn: writer of detective novels

Levels of character behind which there is no identity, deconstruction of it

When he steps out into real world he looses control.

Auster: identities are not fixed, are in continous construction

a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-1387163
 Anti-detective: Quinn --> journey to look Stillman --> when he has contact with him, everything
goes worse

Bluer fiction and reality: what is real and what is fictional is not clear anymore

Tower of Babel: everybody talks the same language, isolating his son

Feral children: those who are isolated from language

Natural acquisition of languages is natual

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
Peter Stillman: anthesis of postmodernism thinking; idea of sacred language

The way we think is fixed

Historicity: postmodern thinking of we like within history and we can go back and understand
what happen in the past and challenge truth values, what is true in the past

City of Glass: rewriting detective novel

Quinn: William Wilson --> pseudonym used to write. Famous story by Pope, with the idea of
the double

Reservados todos los derechos.

Max Work: his detective

Flâneur, Walter Benjamin: when Quinn is not writing, he walks in New York and get lost is the
city

Meta-detective: commentaries on how the detective Paul Auster should do things

Game used by Paul Auster: tells about Don Quixote, reads too many books and is fiction, the
fictional world of chivalry is more real than reality, bluers fiction and reality

Metafiction: Don Quixote is translated

Flaunting the device / foregrounding the apparatus: this is a construction, is not real --> Paul
Auster in the novel himself.

TEMA FIGHT CLUB

Hyperreality: bluers fiction and reality

Reality by proxy: nobility of consciousness to differentiate between reality and simulation of

reality

Hyperreality: simulation of something that is not in the real world.

Llévate 1 año de WUOLAH PRO con BBVA. ¿Cómo? ¡+Info aquí!

a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-1387163