Case studies related to

MOOD DISORDERS

By Prerana Das
What are the 5 major mood disorders?
The most common types of mood disorders are

● Major depression
● Dysthymia (dysthymic disorder)
● Bipolar disorder
● Mood disorder due to a general medical condition
● and Substance-induced mood disorder.
 CASE STUDY OF A MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

● 29 year old Caucasian female presented with symptoms of depression

● Daily crying spells, felt sad "all the time", had trouble sleeping at night, and was overeating
● Spent the time awake "thinking" and "worrying". Worries included thoughts that she was not
a good mom, and she felt that she was a problem to her husband.
● Thoughts about her family of origin and her unsatisfactory relationship with her mother.
● Depression had worsened after the birth of her third child ten months ago.
● Constantly thinking and worrying, and that she felt "like everyone is looking at me".
Denied suicidal behavior and ideations.
● Cecilia' acknowledged that depression was affecting her life in a number of ways.
1. For one, she reported that it was affecting her relationship with her husband and children.
2. Secondly, she stated that depression affected her socially because it was keeping her from
participating in family events. She reported that she felt unable to work outside her home at
this time, therefore, it was having a financial impact.
 HISTORY
● Cecelia reported that she sought help for ● Chaotic childhood characterized by a great
postpartum depression six months ago deal of stress and instability.
following the birth of her third child, Zeke. ● She lived with her father, mother, and younger
● She stated that she became depressed siblings while growing up and reported that
when she found out she was pregnant, and her parents argued frequently, usually over
the depression continued to worsen after her mother's use of alcohol.
the child's birth ● At age 11, her mother (alcoholic) left the home
● During the initial months of her pregnancy, and the family and was absent for several
she recalled being tired, sad, having no years.
energy, and crying several times a week. ● Cecilia reported that her father had to raise
● The client lives with her husband, Jerome, the children on his own. Cecilia remembered
32, her nine year old daughter, Larissa, him being very "hurt" when her mother left.
(from a previous relationship), four year old She stated that her father was always a quiet
son, Samuel, and ten month old son, Zeke. man who did not share many of his feelings
The family owns a home in a residential with his children.
area.
DIAGNOSIS
According to the DSM-IV-, the client is exhibiting characteristics matching that of a Major Depressive
Disorder as she faced symptoms such as:

● Loss of interest or pleasure in most activities is evident.

● Changes in sleep habits
● Weight, appetite, and energy level are seen, as well as levels of psychomotor activity.
● She is experiencing feelings of worthlessness and guilt.
● She has difficulty trying to think and concentrate, which affects her decision-making ability.
● Although she states that she has no suicidal ideation, she does wish to disappear to escape her
current situation. These symptoms have continued for most of the day, every day, for at least two
weeks in a row.
● Distress accompanies these symptoms causing deficits in social, occupational, and other areas of
functioning. Cecilia states that she feels sad and hopeless.
● She cries or feels like crying often. Bursts of anger have also occurred. Worrying, anxiety, somatic
complaints, and phobias have manifested themselves
 CASE STUDY OF A BIPOLAR DISORDER
● 65-year-old Saudi male,retired teacher, presented to the Emergency Department (ER) with
irritation and agitation state. The client was loudly expressing the desire to leave the
hospital disturbing other patients in ER;
● Complete healthy state until 2 weeks before presenting to the ER when he started to
become overly talkative and hyperactive
● He was overspending his money
● Had a decreased need of sleep, spending the night relentlessly fixing things around his
house.
● Started to become uncharacteristically aggressive both verbally and physically
● The patient had also been driving recklessly
● He mentioned that he heard a voice advising him to do certain things.
● Almost, 11 months he patient had a history of hypertension with no record of previous
strokes or seizures.
● The patient had no other psychotic or depressive symptoms and no history of substance
use.
● The patient and the family denied any history of psychiatric illnesses in the family.
 DIAGNOSIS
The client is meeting the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder as per as DSM-IV as he faced
symptoms such as:

● Decreased need for sleep

● Increased talkativeness
● Racing thoughts
● Distracted easily
● Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation
● Engaging in activities that hold the potential for painful consequences, e.g., unrestrained buying
sprees

Moreover was reported that BD had a definite impact on the quality of the patient’s life and increased the risk of
death . It had difficulty in diagnosis, especially in its initial time . The presented case had a severe manic episode
in his later life at the age of 65 years. This case ensured that the late onset of BD is considered although bipolar
affective disorder typically presents in the younger populations
 CASE STUDY OF A DYSTHYMIA (PDD)

● 14 year old boy predominantly

● Slow to warm temperament
● Poor scholastic performance since 9 years, poor social interaction since 3 years,
and having low mood since 2 years.
● He also has suicidal ideations and had history of two attempts.
● Parents noticed that he is not having any concentration in his studies and is not
interested to go to school. He was having an irritable mood and had episodes of
aggression.
● The client was not interested to do any activities and is complaining of fatigue.
 HISTORY
● He was not able to concentrate in his ● The warden was too strict in the hostel
studies. and used to punish him for not doing
● The client said that others used to make fun work properly.
of him as he did not have the big body size ● Gradually he was found to have minimal
of other boys in his class. Teachers used to interaction with others and was alone in
punish him frequently as he got poor marks his own world.
in the exams. ● When coming home he had frequent
● Then he was shifted to hostel as his parents arguments with sister and mother. After
had moved to diff erent place for job and few months on refusing to bring him home
was found to have crying spells frequently on weekend he called up all his friends and
in order to bring him home. attempted for suicide. Following this he
● The warden was too strict in the hostel and was taken to the hospital and was treated
used to punish him for not doing work with anti-depressants.
properly.
 DIAGNOSIS
The client is meeting the diagnostic criteria for Dysthymia as per as DSM-IV

● Dysthymia is a Mood Disorder in which the symptoms are less severe than
Major Depressive Disorder, but more chronic and persistent.
● Dysthymia is a type of low-grade depression that lasts for at least 2 years.
● The present case is a case of Dysthymia as the symptoms of the client were
more constant and long term. The onset of the depression is not clear but we
know that the boy faced symptoms since 9 years upto his present state.
SOME FAMOUS
PERSONALITIES WITH
DEPRESSION

Marilyn Monroe Dwayne Johnson

Deepika Padukone Chester Bennington

SOME FAMOUS
PERSONALITIES WITH
BIPOLAR DISORDER

Frank Sinatra Kanye West

Selena Gomaz Kurt Cobain

THANK
YOU!