Variable Speed Drive

One Day Workshop

Student Manual

Presenter Barry Dawson

 What are the different names for a
Variable Speed Drive
AC Variable
Frequency Drive

Inverter
Variable Speed
Drive

AC Inverter Variable
Frequency Drive
AC Variable
Speed Drive

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Basics of a Variable Speed Drive
What is the most common Variable Speed Controller in a childs life
Motor Car Scale-electric car set House light dimmer.

What is a Variable Speed Drive

It is an Electronic Device, connected to an inductive motor that enables
the motor to change or vary the output speed.
What is the smallest VSD Schneider Electric manufactures
0.18 kW which can be set down to a 0.09 kW
(Light bulb 100W or 0.100 kW)

What is the Largest Low Voltage VSD Schneider Electric

manufactures
Can you believe its a 2 400 kW or 2,4 MW
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 Basics on how we change the speed
on a Variable Speed Drive
What is our National Power Grids Frequency 50 Hz Input
R S T
50 Hz or 50 cycles per second.
How do we change the speed of a motor
If we change the frequency to the motor then
we change the speed. Output Motor Speed is
directly proportional to Frequency
Examples of changing the frequency
I have selected a 4 Pole Inductive Motor – output speed at 50 Hz
– 1480 RPM.
12.5 Hz 370 RPM ¼ frequency To work out Frequency
Running Hz = Running RPM X 50
25 Hz 740 RPM ½ frequency Motor Output RPM
50 Hz 1480 RPM Grid frequency
75 Hz 2220 RPM 1 ½ x frequency To work out Frequency
100Hz 2960 RPM 2x frequency Running Hz = 740 RPM X 50
500Hz 14 800 RPM 10x frequency 1480 RPM
= 25 Hz
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 How do we create different frequencies
DC chopped up
DC supply into different
Motor output
smoothed by frequencies from frequencies
capacitors 2kHz to 16 kHz
50 Hz Input
15 Hz
R S T Converted to
DC by diodes 25 Hz
in Bridge
50 Hz
Rectifier
75 Hz
100Hz

15 Hz
Filter Integrated Gate Bi-
polar Transistors
+ DC
T1 T3 T5
3 Phase
Capacitors
400 volts
50 Hz
T2 T4 T6
- DC

Bridge Rectifier -Diodes

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DC Bus IGBT’s 5
What is the difference between a Variable
Speed Drive and a Soft Starter?
A Variable Speed Drive A Soft Starter
1 The main use to change 1 The main use to replace
the output speed of Star Delta applications
Induction Motor 2 Cannot change the speed of a
2 Can change frequency from 0 motor – always runs at 50 Hz
Hz to 500 Hz 3 Widely used on conveyors,
3 Widely used on production lines, pumps, crushers, conveyors to
pumping applications, quarry run at motor output speed
conveyors 4 Has an Internal Motor Overload
4 Has an Internal Motor Overload built in adjustable from Class 5
built in to Class 30
5 Goes from 7.5 kW to 1,2 MW
5 Goes from 0.18 kW to 2,4 MW 6 Inrush can be set 2 to 7 x In
6 Can get 130% or 220% Torque 7 Can set overload class 5 to 30

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Basic Electric Motor Information
What is a motor?
A motor is a robust mechanical device with a metal casing on the
outside, electrical copper coil windings (stator) on the inside and
a rotating shaft. So when you connect power onto the terminals,
which are connected to the windings, the rotor turns.
Lifting
Stator Name Hook
Plate
End Squirrel Cage
shield Rotor
Motor
Fan cowl shaft
rotates in
RPM

Cooling Bearings
fan
Motor mounting Terminal box
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bracket
Motor Break Down Do Not remove the
fan
Fan cover
60 f Terminal Fan side
NS  block end shield
P

Frame

Fan

Stator V-ring seal

Drive side end shield

Cooling of an induction
Bearing motor is critical.
Rotor
Cooling is done by
Bearing
means of the fan
V-ring seal
running at the correct
speed to pass air over
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 Basic Electric Motor Information
Speed of different Motors?
2 Pole motor (1 pole pair) cal speed 3000rpm Actual Speed 2970 rpm
4 Pole motor (2 pole pairs) cal speed 1500rpm Actual Speed 1440 rpm
6 Pole motor (3 pole pairs) cal speed 1000rpm Actual Speed 960 rpm
8 Pole motor (4 pole pairs) cal speed 750rpm Actual Speed 720 rpm
What is RPM?
This is the number of times the motor’s shaft rotates per minute.

What are poles?

This is the number of electrical copper windings a motor has in it
60 seconds x 50 Hz = RPM
Two Poles Pole Pairs
= 1 Pole Pair
60 x 50 = 3000 RPM - losses
1
= 2970 RPM
60 x 50 = 1500 RPM - losses
2
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= 1440 RPM 9
If you want an output shaft to run at 10 RPM
Different Output Speeds with a Gearbox
then select the correct option

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 Basic Electric Motor Information
What is the required low frequency a motor can run for long periods
The low speed must not go lower than half or 50% the shaft speed as on
the Name Plate
What must I do if I want a motor to run at very low speeds – 10 Hz
Use a gear box on the motor to reduce the speed
and keep motor running at name plate speed
If the required output speed is very low for long periods, what do I
do if I cannot use a gear box
Introduce forced cooling from an external fan Fan Motor
What is the Maximum Speed I can run a motor
Always refer back to the motor manufacturer if you want to run at speeds
double the rated motor speed.
Why can’t we run a normal motor over 100 Hz
High speed motors have special Needle Bearings and the frames are
designed for high speeds. Rather buy a 100Hz motor. Safety First
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 Basic Electric Motor Information
What does Motor Torque Mean?
This is the amount of STARTING POWER a motor needs to start moving
and carry on driving a heavy load
Where is Greater Torque required
Loaded conveyors, crushers, loaded shakers, loaded lifting devices
Can you change the Torque settings on a VSD
Yes – an ATV 312 torque setting is set at 20% and can be increased to 100%
- Increase the UFr Setting from 20% to 40% – 50% – 60% - 100%
Do you have different VSD’s with different Torques
Yes – Water pumps, fans etc - ATV 212, ATV 61 130% torque
Yes – Conveyors, crushers, lifts etc - ATV 312, ATV 71 220% torque
Up to 220%
By changing Ufr
What else must I know about Torque - torque from 20
Torque at
50Hz
to 100%
Torque is Proportional to Voltages Very low
Torque at
X frequency
Torque

Voltage stable at 400 volts 400Hz

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0 Hz Speed 50 Hz High Speed 400Hz
 Basic Electric Motor Information
What is the most Important Wire in a Motor Motor Name Plate
kW 2.2
Terminal Box Amps 3.9
The Earth Wire – Safety First PF 0.85
Voltage 400 / 230
Why must the Earth Wire be the longest in the
Motor Terminal Box
If the cable is pulled out while the motor is running, then the
Earth Wire stays connected earthling the motor so causing
the protection device to trip – Safety First
Show how to connect a motor in Star using the 400400VoltVolt Motor
Star Motor
terminals in a terminal box. 400 volts

U1 V1 W1 230 volts V1

U1 U2
V2
V2 W2 U2 W2
Earth
Connecting a 230
volt motor in
STAR will cause W1
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Motor Terminal Box it to burn OUT 13
Basic Electric Motor Information
Show how to connect a motor in Delta using the Motor Name Plate
kW 2.2
terminals in a terminal box Amps 3.9
PF 0.85
Rules for a Delta Connection Voltage 400 / 230
Beginning of the first motor winding
is connects to the end of the second
winding 230 Delta Volt Motor
U1 V2
V1 W2
W1 U2 230 volts

U1 V2
U1 V1 W1

U2 V1
V2 W2 U2
Earth
W1 W2

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Motor Terminal Box 14
 Basic Points when Installing a VSD
Failure of Variable Speed Drives in plants
50% of VSD failures in plants are due to incorrect
installations to manufacturers guide lines

Installation Specifications / guideline

Does your plant have a printed document on “How a VSD
must be installed in your plant”

Log Book on how many VSD’s and kW is connected to each

Transformer
This would be a guide
line on expected
Harmonics which
could be caused in a
plant
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Basic Points when Installing a VSD
Remember Safety at all times
Install a 3 lock lockable Isolator or Circuit Breaker above
each VSD or make sure the Panel is LOCKABLE

Mounting a Variable Speed Drive

The IEC Standard calls for Motor Control Centres base
plates to be “Galvanised Steel”. NO PAINTED BACK
PLATES. This enables the heat in the heat zinc to be
able to spread away from the VSD
Heat removed
from VSD

Cool panels ensure less problems and long life to VSD’s

It is important to stick to manufacturers
recommendations for cooling to ensure less
trips and longer life to products – clean air
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 Basic Points when Installing a VSD
Remember to remove Top Sicker after installing VSD
A VSD has a sticker on top of the unit so when
installing metal swarf does not fall into the
electronics. This must be removed after
installation as hot air rises out of the VSD.

Mounting of Variable Speed Drives

Always mount VSD’s vertically as the heat
built up in a drive always rises.

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Basic Points when Installing a VSD
Cabling from VSD to Motor
Consider using Screened Cable when
connecting a motor below a VSD
Remember to Earth both sides
Consider using thicker wire
to supply the phases to and
from the motor.
This also acts as a heat zinc
to remove the excess heat
from the VSD
Prevention of Spikes damaging a VSD in a Panel

If you having a Spike Problem then its advised to

install a Type 2 Surge Protection device in each
VSD Panel - SPD 3P + N

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Basic Points when Installing a VSD
Use of Line Chokes above a VSD
Line chokes provide improved protection against overvoltage on the
line supply and reduces harmonic distortion of the current produced
by the drive. A VSD creates 5 and 7 Harmonics by nature of its
design

Anti-harmonics
input induction coil

7 & 5 Harmonic

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 Methods of reducing Harmonics
Anti-harmonics
Use of Line Chokes above a VSD input induction coil

This is a way of correcting the problem at the source

Changing your Power Factor in the sub station

This is replacing your “Displacement Power Factor Caps” with

“Detuned Power Factor”
True Power Factor = Displacement PF x Distortion PF
(Harmonic Current)

Installing Harmonic Filters in the electrical sub-station

There is a device called an “AccuSine” and this

eliminates from 2 – 50 Harmonic in a plant. Sized by
Harmonic Current – injects harmonics into the system in
reverse in real time and cleans out the Harmonic
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Basic Points when Installing a VSD
Use of Output Motor Chokes below a VSD
Motor chokes are installed between the VSD and the motor
1 Limit the dv/dt at the motor terminals for cables longer than 50
meters
2 If you install more than 1 motor under a single VSD it increases the
impedance as for a single motor

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Basic Points when Installing a VSD
Problems which can occur with Long Cables or Multiple Motors

• White Residue
• Phase to Phase W/O Separator
• Turn to Turn
• Drive Typically OL Trip

Output Choke

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 Basic Points when Installing a VSD
Positive Earthling on Motor Terminal Box Motor Terminal Box
Always comply to the manufacturer U1 V1 W1
Earthing policy . Must be a PE
(Positive Earthing ) direct to VSD and
V2 W2 U2
to motor Earth

When setting up VSD always “Auto Tune “ after installation

When you install a VSD onto a motor the VSD does not know the Impedance
of the Cable + the Motor. When you Auto Tune the VSD sends a DC signal
down the cable to the motor to find the TOTAL Impedance and
automatically sets up the VSD for that Application.

DC Signal

Set VSD Cable Length ???

automatically
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Impedance Measurement
Basic Points when Installing a VSD
Installing a Lockable Isolator between VSD and motor
Always use a 3 lock, lockable field on load isolator
Install a “late make – early break auxiliary contact
Wire the auxiliary contact into the control circuit
This ensures the VSD never sees an Open Motor Circuit
What is your
Companies Safety
Policy about an
Lockable Isolator
Power with in 1 meter from
Circuit a motor?

Control
Circuit

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Basic Information
What is the first thing to look at:
What is the Motor Kilowatts 0.75 kW, 1.1 kW, 7.5 kW or 11 kW
What is the Supply Voltage:
230 volt , 400 volts, 525volt or 690volt
What is Application:
Pump or Fan
Compressor, conveyor, stirrer
Do you have Fast Stopping of the LOAD
NO - Don’t include a Breaking Module
YES - Include a Breaking Module
More than one motor in VSD or cables longer then 50 meters
NO - Don’t include a Motor Output Choke
YES - Include a Motor Output Choke
Are you including a Lockable Isolator between the VSD and motor
NO - No problem but remember Safety
YES - Include a “Early Break , Late Make
Auxiliary Contact on the Isolator”
What is a Line Choke and why is it used:
A Line Choke is installed above a VSD to
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eliminate the 5 and 7 Harmonic a VSD creates. 26
Wiring of a Single Phase Main Circuit
L1 and L2 is not
Earth L1 N for 400 volt 2 Logical Inputs
phases its – 230 v
AC
Internal Relays

Analogue Inputs and

outputs

P0, PA , PB and PC are NOT AC Power Points – DC supply on them

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Wiring of a Single Phase Main Circuit
L1 N
Motor Name Plate
D Curve Circuit Breaker kW 2.2
- 10 to 14 Times Inrush Amps 3.9
PF 0.85
R / L1

S / L2
Voltage 400 / 230
Single Phase
230 volt Input
Neutr
al
W / T3
U / T1
V / T2

Three Phase
230 volt Output

Motor Terminal Box

U1 V1 W1
Motor must be
connected in Delta
U1 V1 W1
V2 W2 U2
Earth
V2 W2 U2

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 Wiring of a Three Phase Main Circuit
Earth L1 L2 L3 Logical Inputs

Internal Relays

Analogue Inputs and

outputs

P0, PA , PB and PC are NOT AC Power Points – DC supply on them

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Wiring of a Three Phase Main Circuit
+Earth L1 L2 L3
Motor Name Plate
D Curve 3 Pole Circuit kW 2.2
Breaker - 10 to 14 Amps 3.9
Times Inrush PF 0.85
Voltage 400 / 230
R / L1
S / L2
S / L3
Three Phase
400 volt Input
Neutr
W / T3

al
U / T1
V / T2

Three Phase
400 volt Output

U1 V1 W1

V2 W2 U2
U1 V1 W1 Motor must be
Earth
connected as to
V2 W2 U2
motor name plate
recommendations Motor Terminal Box
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 Where do I start with a VSD Control
Circuit for a Single Phase Drive
Logical Inputs
Earth L1 N

Internal Relays

Pot

Analogue Inputs and

outputs

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 Where do I start with a VSD Control
Circuit for a Three Phase Drive
Inputs
Earth L1 L2 L3

Pot

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 Wiring of a Single Phase VSD to go
Forward ONLY Earth L1 N

Forward
Off Run

R / L1

S / L2
LI1 LI2 LI3 LI4 LI5 LI6 +24v
+24v

Alivar Altivar
312 312
W / T3
U / T1
V / T2

+10 AI1 Com

Motor Name Plate 2,2 K Pot

kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85 U1 V1 W1
Voltage 400 / 230

V2 W2 U2
U

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 Wiring of a Three Phase VSD to go
Forward ONLY Earth L1 L2 L3

Forward
Off Run

R / L1
S / L2
S / L3
LI1 +24v

Altivar 312
W / T3
U / T1
V / T2

+10 AI1 Com

Motor Name Plate 2,2 K Pot

kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85 U1 V1 W1
Voltage 400 / 230

V2 W2 U2

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 Wiring of a Three Phase VSD going
F&R Earth L1 L2 L3

Forward Reverse

Forward

Reverse
Off

R / L1
S / L2
S / L3
LI1 LI2 LI3 LI4 LI5 LI6 +24v

Neutr Altivar 312

W / T3
al
U / T1
V / T2

+10 AI1 Com

2,2 K Pot

Motor Name Plate

kW 2.2 U1 V1 W1
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85
Voltage 400 / 230 V2 W2 U2

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 Wiring of a Start Stop far from a VSD
Earth L1 N

R1
Control
MCB
On / Off

On / Off
Three core Safety Switch
cable

R / L1

S / L2
Stop LI1 +24v
Button

Start Altivar 312

R1
W / T3
U / T1
V / T2
Button
+10 AI1 Com
Relay
R1

Motor Name Plate 2,2 K Pot

kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85 U1 V1 W1
Voltage 400 / 230

V2 W2 U2

Long distance from Panel

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How do I install the Programmable and
Safety Relay in a VSD Control Circuit
Inputs
Earth L1 N Programmable Safety
Relay Relay

Pot

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 Wiring of a Single Phase with a Safety
Relay Earth L1 N

Forward
Off Run

R / L1

S / L2
LI1 +24v R2A R2C

Altivar 312 Internal

Safety Relay

W / T3
U / T1
V / T2

+10 AI1 Com

Motor Name Plate 2,2 K Pot

kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85 U1 V1 W1
Voltage 400 / 230

V2 W2 U2

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 Setting a Variable Speed Drive

A Pot works HSP

between the
HSP and LSD
you have set

ACC - Acceleration LSP

DEC - Declaration
LSP - Low Speed
HSP - High Speed ACC DEC
ItHSchneider- Electric
Motor - Division Overload
- Name – Date 42
Setting a Variable Speed Drive

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 VSD ready rdy ACC -

Speed Reference rEF - DEC -

Settings SEt - LSP -

Motor Control drC - HSP -

Inputs / Outputs I- O - Ith -

Command CtL - UFr-

Application function FUn -

Fault Management FLt - HSP -

Communication CON - Ith -

Monitoring SUP - UFr-

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VSD ready rdy

Speed Reference rEF -

Settings SEt -

Motor Control drC -

Inputs / Outputs I- O -

Command CtL -

Application function FUn -

Fault Management FLt -

Communication CON -

Monitoring SUP -

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 Set up Basic Settings of VSD
SEt ACC Acceleration 0.5Hz, 5Hz, 15Hz, 20 Hz,
SEt DEC Deceleration 3Hz, 7Hz, 18Hz, 30 Hz
SEt LSP Low Speed Point 5 Hz, 15Hz, 18.5 Hz, 22.3 Hz
SEt HSP High Speed Point 35 Hz, 44 Hz, 52Hz, 60 Hz
SEt Ith Overload Setting 0.5Hz, 5Hz, 15Hz, 20 Hz
SEt Ufr Torque Ratio 20%, 35%, 44%, 80%, 100%
drC tUn YES Auto Tuning Yes

drC CFG Std Reset to Basic Settings

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 Set up the Internal Relays
I-O r1 Programmable Relay

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 Set up the Internal Relays
I-O r2 Safety Relay

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 Set up Basic Settings of VSD
drC bFr High Speed Can be set up to 500 Hz

Monitoring a Motor

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VSD Fault List codes

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Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 51
 Installing Low Speed and High Speed
using Two Pots

Forward
Slow High Earth L1 N
Speed Speed

R / L1

S / L2
LI1 +24v

Altivar 312
W / T3
U / T1
V / T2

+10 AI1 Com

Motor Name Plate

kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85 U1 V1 W1
Voltage 400 / 230

V2 W2 U2 2,2 K Pot 2,2 K Pot

Set at 0.5 k Set at 1.9 k
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Slow Speed High Speed 53
 Installing a Breaking Module
What is a Breaking Module look like PA

There are two types of Breaking Resistors Control Aux

Control Aux

PB

Encased Type Open Type Breaking Resistor with

Temperature N/C Contact
What is the Breaking Resistor made of
Ceramic block containing a Resistance Element within it.

Do you have any other contacts on the Breaking Resistor

We have a Temperature Probe with a Normally Closed contact installed
on the ceramic block

What is the Temperature Probe for

Safety as if the Breaking Resistor gets too hot then the circuit opens and
stops the drive. Normally Closed must be connected in Control Circuit.
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Installing a Breaking Module
Why do you need a Breaking Resistor
No tripping on OBF (Over braking Back EMF Large Bottling
fault) when using a BRAKING Filler
MODULE
DC AC

AC
DC

With Breaking
Module HSP An Altivar has
two Deceleration
Increase cycles
DEC Time
NO
BREAK LSP
MODULE
ACC DEC
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 Wiring of a VSD Breaking Module
Earth L1 L2 L3

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 Wiring of a Breaking Resistor onto a
VSD Earth L1 L2 L3

Temperature N/C

Forward
contacts used for
safety of resistor

R / L1
S / L2
S / L3
over heating LI1 LI2 LI3 LI4 LI5 LI6 +24v
Neutr
al
Altivar 312
W / T3
U / T1
V / T2

PA + PB - +10 AI1 Com

Motor Name Plate

kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85
Voltage 400 / 230
U1 V1 W1 2.2 k Pot

V2 W2 U2

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 Installing a Lockable Isolator between
motor and VSD
Do you need to install an Isolator between a VSD and a Motor
The OSHACT recommends an Isolator be installed within 1 meter of a
motor. What does your Company Policy Indicate.
Remember SAFETY FIRST
Is there anything I must add to the Lockable Isolator
Yes an Auxiliary Contact that has an
“LATE MAKE EARLY BREAK CONTACT”

Why and what difference does a “Late make early break” to a VSD
This auxiliary contact is wired within the control circuit to ensure when it
is opened while the motor is running will drop out the control (STOP
MOTOR) first then open the MAIN CIRCUIT.
When closing it will close the MAIN Circuit before the control.
VSD life expectancy much longer
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 Wiring an Isolator between VSD and
Motor Earth L1 L2 L3

Forward
R / L1
S / L2
S / L3
LI1 +24v

Altivar 312

W / T3
U / T1
V / T2
+10 AI1 Com

2,2 k Pot

Motor Name Plate Main Circuit Main Circuit

kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85 U1 V1 W1
Control Circuit Control Control
Voltage 400 / 230 Early Break Circuit Circuit
V2 W2 U2

Control Circuit
Off On
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 Installing Three Motors under one
VSD
Can you install three motors under a single VSD
Yes you can
What applications can I use this on
If you have extraction fans in a plant or three conveyors
What must I know if I install three motors on a common VSD
They will all run at the same speed. When you increase or lower the
frequency the motors will change speed.
Is there any other products I must install in the circuit

All motors must have their own OVERLOAD connected

Stand alone
onto the control circuit
overload

Under the VSD you must include a Motor Output Choke.

The sum of the three motors impedance does not add up
to a motor of the same kW Motor Output
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date Choke 63
Installing Three Motors under one VSD
going Forward
Overload Overload

Forward
Overload
1 2 3

R / L1
S / L2
S / L3
Motors to LI1 +24v

go
Forward Altivar 312

W / T3
U / T1
V / T2
ONLY
+10 AI1 Com

2,2 k Pot
Motor Name Plate
kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85
Voltage 400 / 230

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Installing Three Motors under one VSD
going F or R
Overload Overload

Forward

Reverse
Overload
1 2 3

R / L1
S / L2
S / L3
Motors to LI1 LI2 +24v

go
Forward & Altivar 312

W / T3
U / T1
V / T2
Reverse
+10 AI1 Com

2,2 k Pot
Motor Name Plate
kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85
Voltage 400 / 230

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 If you want an output shaft to run at 10 RPM and
Different Output
another 60 Speeds
RPM then with
select the a Gearbox
correct option

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Wiring of a Single Phase VSD to a motor
230 volt
Earth L1 N Motor Name Plate
kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85
R / L1

S / L2
Voltage 400 / 230

Neutr
W / T3
U / T1

V / T2

al

Motor Terminal Connect Motor

Box
as required on
U1 V1 W1
Motor Name
V2 W2 U2 Plate
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Wiring of a Three Phase VSD to a motor
400 volt
Earth L1 L2 L3 Motor Name Plate
kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85
R / L1

S / L2

S / L3
Voltage 400 / 230

Neutr
W / T3
U / T1

V / T2

al

Motor Terminal Connect Motor

Box
as required on
U1 V1 W1
Motor Name
V2 W2 U2 Plate
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 Exercises 1 Draw both circuits to run a
Single Phase VSD in forward, include a pot.
Earth L1 N
Off On

R / L1

S / L2
LI1 +24v

Altivar 312
W / T3
U / T1
V / T2

+10 AI1 Com

Motor Name Plate

kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85
Voltage 400 / 230 U1 V1 W1

V2 W2 U2

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 70

 Exercises 2 Draw both circuits to run a
Three Phase VSD in reverse, include a pot.
Earth L1 L2 L3

Off On

R / L1
S / L2
S / L3
LI1 LI2 LI3 LI4 LI5 LI6 +24v

Altivar 312
W / T3
U / T1
V / T2

+10 AI1 Com

Motor Name Plate

kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85
Voltage 400 / 230 U1 V1 W1

V2 W2 U2

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 71

 Exercises 3 Draw the main and control
circuits to run in F & R and include a pot.
Earth L1 L2 L3

Forward Reverse
Off

R / L1
S / L2
S / L3
LI1 LI2 LI3 LI4 LI5 LI6 +24v

Altivar 312
W / T3
U / T1
V / T2
+10 AI1 Com

2,2 K Pot

Motor Name Plate

kW 2.2 U1 V1 W1
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85
Voltage 400 / 230 V2 W2 U2

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 72

 Exercises 4 Draw the main and control
circuits with long cables. NB Safety
Earth L1 N

R / L1

S / L2
Stop LI1 LI2 LI3 LI4 LI5 LI6 +24v
Button

Start
Altivar 312
R1
W / T3
U / T1
V / T2
Button
+10 AI1 Com
Relay
R1

Motor Name Plate 2,2 K Pot

kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85
Voltage 400 / 230
U1 V1 W1 Cable 126 meters to motor
V2 W2 U2

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 73

Exercises 4b Draw the main and control
circuits with long cables. NB Safety
Earth L1 N

R / L1

S / L2
LI1 LI2 LI3 LI4 LI5 LI6 +24v

Altivar 312
W / T3
U / T1
V / T2

+10 AI1 Com

Motor Name Plate 2,2 K Pot

kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85
Voltage 400 / 230
U1 V1 W1 Cable 126 meters to motor
V2 W2 U2

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 74

 Exercises 5 Draw the main and control
circuits and include the internal Safety Relay
Earth L1 N
Off On

R / L1

S / L3
LI1 +24v R2A R2C

Altivar 312 Internal

W / T3
Safety Relay
U / T1
V / T2

+10 AI1 Com

Motor Name Plate 2,2 K Pot

kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85
Voltage 400 / 230
U1 V1 W1

V2 W2 U2

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 75

 Exercises 6 Draw the main and control
circuits and include Breaking Resistor Earth L1 L2 L3

R / L1
S / L2
S / L3
LI1 +24v

W / T3 Altivar 312
U / T1
V / T2

PA PB +10 AI1 Com

Motor Name Plate

kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85 U1
Voltage 400 / 230
V1 W1 2,2 K Pot

V2 W2 U2

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 76

Exercises 6a I have a Harmonic Problem
can we fix it as source Earth L1 L2 L3

R / L1
S / L2
S / L3
LI1 +24v

W / T3 Altivar 312
U / T1
V / T2

PA PB +10 AI1 Com

Motor Name Plate

kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85 U1
Voltage 400 / 230
V1 W1 2,2 K Pot

V2 W2 U2

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 77

 Exercises 7 Draw the main and control
circuits and include Motor Isolator
Earth L1 L2 L3

R / L1
S / L2
S / L3
LI1 +24v

Altivar 312
W / T3
U / T1
V / T2

+10 AI1 Com

Three Pole Isolator +
Early Make Late
Break Auxiliary
2,2 k Pot
Motor Name Plate
kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85 U1 V1 W1
Voltage 400 / 230

V2 W2 U2

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 78

 Exercises 8 Draw the main and control
circuits and include 3 Motor + Overloads Earth L1 L2 L3

Motors to

R / L1
S / L2
S / L3
LI1 LI2 +24v
go
Forward & Altivar 312
Reverse

W / T3
U / T1
V / T2
+10 AI1 Com

Motor Name Plate 2,2 k Pot

kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85
Voltage 400 / 230

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 79

 Exercises 9 Draw the main and control
circuits and include Two Speed Pots
Earth L1 N
Slow High
Speed Speed

R / L1

S / L2
LI1 +24v

Altivar 312
W / T3
U / T1
V / T2
+10 AI1 Com

Motor Name Plate

kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85 U1 V1 W1
Voltage 400 / 230

V2 W2 U2 2,2 K Pot
Slow 2,2 K Pot
High
Set at 0.5 k Set at 1.9 k
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date
Slow Speed High Speed 80
 Exercises 10 Draw the main and control
circuits for F & R using start and stop buttons
Earth L1 N

R / L1

S / L2
LI1 LI2 +24v

For Rev
Altivar 312
W / T3
U / T1
V / T2

Rev For +10 AI1 Com

Relay Relay
For Rev
2,2 K Pot
Motor Name Plate
kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85 U1 V1 W1
Voltage 400 / 230
Long distance from Panel
V2 W2 U2 with a Forward Start and
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date Reverse Start using buttons 81
 If you want an output shaft to run at 10 / 60
Different Output Speeds with a Gearbox
RPM then select the correct option

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 83

Wiring of a Single Phase VSD to a motor
230 volt
Earth L1 N Motor Name Plate
kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85
R / L1

S / L2
Voltage 400 / 230

Neutr
W / T3
U / T1

V / T2

al

Motor Terminal Connect Motor

Box
as required on
U1 V1 W1
Motor Name
V2 W2 U2 Plate
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 84
Wiring of a Three Phase VSD to a motor
400 volt
Earth L1 L2 L3 Motor Name Plate
kW 2.2
Amps 3.9
PF 0.85
R / L1

S / L2

S / L3
Voltage 400 / 230

Neutr
W / T3
U / T1

V / T2

al

Motor Terminal Connect Motor

Box
as required on
U1 V1 W1
Motor Name
V2 W2 U2 Plate
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 85
 Single Phase 230 Volts in and 230 volts
three phase out – All Applications up to 2,2 kW
Select a 230 volt Single Phase
VSD for a 1.1 kW three phase
230 volt motor

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 87

 400 Volt General Purpose Drive for
Pumps, fans and conveyors – 0.37 to 15 kW
Select a 400 volt Three Phase VSD
for a 11 kW 400 volt motor

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 88

 Breaking Modules for the ATV 312 range
Select a Breaking Module
for an 11 kW 400 volt motor
of VSD’s
Part Number
ATV 312 HD11N4

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 89

 Advanced Information
What is the Application
Conveyor or a crusher or a roller mill or a paper winder
or a extruder or a stirrer Powers
100 %
Pump, fan
80 %
Constant Load
Why must we know the different applications
60 %

Conveyor, crusher, roller mill, paper winder, 40 %

extruder, stirrer 20 %

Constant Torque VSD – 220 % Torque 0%

10 30 50 70 90 100 Flow

ATV 71 offer - 0.75 to 2000 kW

Pump, fan Powers

100 %

Quadratic Torque VSD - 130% Torque 80 %

60 %

40 %
ATV 61 offer - 0.75 to 2400 kW
20 %

0%
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 90
10 30 50 70 90 100 F
Advanced Information

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 91

Advanced Information

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 92

Selection for an ATV 61 Pump or Fan with
a Quadratic Load – 0.75 to 2,4MW

Select a 400 volt VSD

for a Pump
250 kW

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 93

 Selection for an ATV 71 Compressor or
conveyor with a Constant Load to 2000 kW

Select a 400
volt VSD for an
132 kW Crusher
Motor

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 94

Hoist with External Brake controlled by VSD
L1 N
Earth L1 L2 L3

Down
Up
R / L1
S / L2
T / L3
LI1 LI2 +24v
MCB R1A
D Curve Programmable
Relay
R1C

W / T3
U / T1
V / T2
Contactor
C1
+10 AI1 Com

2.2 k Pot C1

Break controlled by VSD

U1 V1 W1 internal relay –
Mechanical Release break when
Brake V2 W2 U2 going up and re-engage
Mechanical When going down- Can be
Brake connected Main Motor
to the motor done with Frequency,
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 96
motor current or time
 Power Circuit – External Cooling
L1 N
Earth L1 L2 L3

Forward
R / L1
S / L2
T / L3
LI1 LI2 +24v
MCB R1A
D Curve Programmable
Relay
R1C

W / T3
U / T1
V / T2
Contactor
C1
+10 AI1 Com
Overload

2.2 k Pot C1

U1 V1 W1
U1 V1 W1

V2 W2 U2
V2 W2 U2
Motor
Cooling Fan Fan Blowing
Main Motor
Motor on main
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date
motor 98
 Run a 400 volt AC Motor on a Solar Panel
DC Voltage
Solar Panels
Install
1000 volt
DC fuses

Pump
on
R / L1
S / L2
T / L3 P0 PC LI1 +24v

Altivar 312
W / T3
U / T1
V / T2

+10 AI1 Com

2,2 k Pot
U1 V1 W1

V2 W2 U

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 100

 Run a 400 volt AC Motor on a Solar Panel
Solar Panels High level
switches
Reservoir off pump

Low level
Voltage Programmed switches
Comparator in VSD off Pivot
Pivot Irrigation Totally
3 Phase 400
volt ATV 32
off the Grid – 11 kW
VSD Two Types
a) Driven by Water Pressure
b) Electric motors per wheel
3 Phase
Change
over
Switch

Dry pump
Submersible Pump
protection 7.5 kW 400 v AC
motor
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 101
Problems with VSD’s on motor bearings
VSD’s can cause pitting of bearings
If the installation is not done correctly then pitting of motor bearings
can occur and over a period can cause failures to occur

Bearing
Earthing Kit

Motors with Ceramic

Bearings
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 104
Problems with VSD’s on some motors
Not all motors are VSD compatible
Some large old motors have a copper bar “Squirrel Cage” and these
motors are not made for VSD’s.
The changing of the frequency cracks the copper welds and you
“Lose the Squirrel”
Motor Rotor Squirrel Cage
Copper Bars

Outer connecting
ring

Copper bars welded

to outer ring – these
crack and break
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 105
 VSD can be connected to a
communication network
What network do you run in your plant
Modbus
Can Open Modbus
Profi bus Can also And Can
Device net do Open on
Ethernet Board
Bacnet

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 106

 Did you know –Skip Frequency's of
Resonanant Frequencys
In certain applications you might find that motors could pick up
each others resonant frequencies. Most commonly in vibrating
feeder motors, where there are two motors mounted on one screen,
and multiple screens next to one another. This only happens in
frequency inverter applications. In this particular case the resonant
frequency can be so severe that you can cause structural damage to
the building.
50 Hz

35
Hz
Hz
NOTE!!

15 Never attempt to stop a

Hz vibrating feeder motor
on ramp, coasting
setting is highly
V recommended
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 107
 Different types of VSD’s
Water Cooled
Used in very dusty areas

Engineered Variable Speed Drives

Used in projects and complies to IEC Standards
- 1 Part Number
- Up to 2400 kW
Variable Speed Drives with Active Front End’s
Can order VSD’s to ensure clean (NO Harmonics)

Medium Voltage Variable Speed Drives

Comply to IEC Standards and complete

- Division - Name – Date
1Schneider
partElectric
number 108
Controlling pressure by using one VSD and
then multiple Soft Starters
Points to Remember Pump
1 Main Circuit Breaker must be control
card
lockable
2 A pump control card must be
installed into an ATV 61 VSD
3 A water pressure transducer must
be connected into the pump control
card
4 Second pumps will be started by
soft starters ATS 22
5 Motor overloads are built in the VSD Pressure
and Soft Starters transducer
6 By using this solution a certain
pressure can be maintained
7 If using a submersible pump on a
VSD then never run motor below
30Hz due to required cooling Pumps
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 110
 Improve production tonnage by installing an
Anti Swaying Card on the Internal Hoists
Points to Remember
Anti Swaying Card
1 Main Circuit Breaker must be
lockable
2 External Mechanical brake must
have own Main Circuit
3 Anti sway card must be fitted in
ATV 71 VSD
4 Alivar ATV 71 has 220% torque
and required power needed
5 Anti sway card is used on
overhead cranes with in a
building
6 By using an anti swaying card
the operator can increase
productivity and more output
tonnage
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 112
ESKOM is supplying 400 volt 2 phase to farms
and we can run a three phase motor on a VSD
Points to Remember

1 Main Circuit Breaker must be

lockable
2 Yellow Phase is disenabled in
VSD
3 VSD must be 1 size bigger
4 Normal 3 Phase 400 volt motor
used on pump
5 ATV 61 is used for pumping
6 EPM have installed two of these
applications

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 114

You can design a pump station for 3,3 or 6,6kV
pump motors and control them on 400 to 690
volt equipment
Points to Remember

1 Have Step down

transformer from 11 or 22kV
to 400 or 690 volt
2 Use off the shelf standard
products at 400 to 690 volts
3 Step up voltage after the
VSD to 3,3 or 6,6 kV
4 Frequency controls the
speed
5 Can have 0,75 kW VSD in
workshop for training –
same as VSD used

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 116

 We manufacture and supply Medium Voltage
Drives for Pumping and Fan Applications
Points to Remember

1 Voltage we cover is 2,2 kV,

3,3kV,6,6kV and 11 kV
2 We can go from a 300kW One Part
motor to 16,2 MW Number

3 We can supply from a 18 IGBT’s

pulse to 54 pulse VSD for replaceable live
Harmonics
4 All IGBT’s are running at
690 volt
5 IGBT’s can be changed live
without stopping motor NO Harmonics
6 Comes with Ethernet
Communications on board
7 Only 1 part number
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 118
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 119
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 120
Thank you