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NOTES
Inspection and Test Plan indicates UT requirements as per API 6D, Annex A at points
A.5 and A.8.

Changes table

Corrections as per PEG comments Quality System Product Quality Manager

2 14/02/11
(highlighted on the text) Admin (GV/MP) assurance (AS) (AB)
Quality System Product Quality Manager
1.1 20/12/10 Job format
Admin (GV/MP) assurance (AS) (AB)
Corrections as per PEG comments Quality System Product Management
1 09/12/10
(highlighted on the text) Admin (GV/MP) assurance (AS) (BT)
Quality System Product Management
0 12/11/10 Adoption for job
Admin (GV/MP) assurance (AS) (BT)
Rev. Date Changes description Issued by Verified Approved
/conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/664600398.odt
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Table of contents
1 PURPOSE......................................................................................................................................................................... 3
2 SCOPE.............................................................................................................................................................................. 3
3 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................................................. 3
4 RESPONSIBILITY ........................................................................................................................................................... 4
5 DEFINITIONS................................................................................................................................................................... 4
6 QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL.................................................................................................................................. 4
7 EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS....................................................................................................................................... 4
7.1 EXAMINATION ISTRUMENT............................................................................................................................................................4
7.2 SEARCH UNITS................................................................................................................................................................................5
7.3 COUPLANT.......................................................................................................................................................................................5
7.4 REFERENCE STANDARDS.............................................................................................................................................................5
7.4.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................................................................5
7.4.2 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................................................................5
7.4.3 FLAT BOTTOM HOLES...........................................................................................................................................................6
7.4.4 REFERENCE NOTCHES........................................................................................................................................................6
7.4.5 SIDE DRILLED HOLES...........................................................................................................................................................7
8 EXAMINATION PROCESS REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................................7
8.1 SURFACE PREPARATION...............................................................................................................................................................7
8.2 TIME EXAMINATION.........................................................................................................................................................................7
8.3 CALIBRATION...................................................................................................................................................................................7
8.3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................................................................7
8.3.2 STRAIGHT BEAM EXAMINATION..........................................................................................................................................8
8.3.3 ANGLE BEAM EXAMINATION WITH REFERENCE NOTCHES............................................................................................9
8.3.4 ANGLE BEAM EXAMINATION WITH SIDE DRILLED HOLE.................................................................................................9
8.3.5 RECALIBRATION.....................................................................................................................................................................9
8.4 EXAMINATION PROCESS.............................................................................................................................................................10
8.4.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS................................................................................................................................................10
8.4.2 ROUND BAR MATERIAL.......................................................................................................................................................10
8.4.3 TUBULAR BAR MATERIAL...................................................................................................................................................11
8.4.4 SHAPED MATERIAL..............................................................................................................................................................11
9 RECORDING OF INDICATIONS.................................................................................................................................... 12
10 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA............................................................................................................................................ 12
10.1 STRAIGHT BEAM EXAMINATION API 6A ACCEPTANCE .........................................................................................................12
10.2 ANGLE BEAM TECHNIQUE API 6A ACCEPTANCE....................................................................................................................12
10.3 STRAIGHT BEAM EXAMINATION ASME B16.34 ACCEPTANCE ...........................................................................................12
10.4 ANGLE BEAM EXAMINATION ASME B16.34 ACCEPTANCE ....................................................................................................13
10.5 WELDS .........................................................................................................................................................................................13
10.5.1 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA...................................................................................................................................................13
11 REPORT........................................................................................................................................................................ 14
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1 PURPOSE
Establishes the methods, personnel requirements and acceptance criteria for performing
ultrasonic examinations steel forgings steel castings, wrought materials and welds in
accordance with the requirements of API Specification 6A, PSL-2 though PSL- 4, API 6D,
ASME B16.34 Appendix IV. Job ITP (inspection and test plan) defines the applicable
reference standard and the application field.

2 SCOPE
This procedure is applicable when ultrasonic examination is performed on products produced
by FRIULCO facilities per the requirements of the referenced specifications.

3 REFERENCES
The latest effective editions of the following specification are incorporated as reference and
form a part of this specification:
 Project Specification: 7000085TIC00100 Testing Inspection Certification
 API Specification 6A – Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment
 API 6D – Petroleum and natural gas industries – Pipeline transportation systems –
Pipeline valves
 SNT-TC-1A – American Society for Nondestructive Testing Recommended Practice
 EN 473 – Non-destructive testing. Qualification and certification of NDT personnel.
General principles
 ASME B&PV Code, Section V - Nondestructive Examination
 ASTM Specification E317 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Performance
Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems without the
Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
 ASTM Specification A388 - Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Heavy
Steel Forgings
 ASTM Specification A335 – Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates
 ASTM Specification A577 – Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of Steel Plates
 ASTM Specification E428 - Standard Practice for Fabrication and Control of Metal,
Other than Aluminum, Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic Testing
 ASTM Specification A609 - Standard Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy, and
Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examination Thereof
 IGQ 02 01 – Training, Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing (NDT)
Personnel.
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4 RESPONSIBILITY
The Quality Control Representative for the facility is responsible for ensuring compliance with
the requirements of this specification.

5 DEFINITIONS
The following definitions are applicable to this written practice:
 DAC – Distance Amplitude Curve
 FBH – Flat Bottom Hole
 Facilities – Includes all FRIULCO manufacturing sites, branch operations and
field service centers.

6 QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL
Personnel performing examinations shall be qualified and certified in accordance with
requirements specified in FRIULCO IGQ 02 01, EN 473 and SNT-TC-1A, Level I as a
minimum.
Personnel performing evaluation of findings shall be qualified and certified in accordance with
requirements specified in FRIULCO IGQ 02 01, EN 473 and SNT-TC-1A, Level II as a
minimum.
All personnel performing examinations per this procedure shall have an annual vision
examination that complies with the requirements of FRIULCO IGQ 02 01 , EN 473 and SNT
TC-1A.

7 EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
7.1 Examination Istrument
 Instrument/Frequency - Ultrasonic Flaw Detector with a minimum capability of
operating from 1 MHz to 5MHz (down to 0.4MHz for austenitic materials with a large
grain size).
 Linearity - The instrument calibration for horizontal and vertical linearity shall be in
accordance with ASTM E317.
 Attenuation - The instrument shall have an attenuator, which allows measurement
of indications beyond the linear range of the instrument.
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7.2 Search Units

Transducers utilized for typical examinations shall be nominal 2 MHZ with a maximum active
area of 1 square inch.
Search units utilized for angle beam examinations shall be nominal 45 degrees. Transducers
shall be fitted with shoes or wedges, which will result in the beam mode and angle required,
by the size and shape of the cross section being examined.
Search units with transducers of other sizes, frequencies, and angles shall be used for
examinations when required by material, geometry, or configurations to improve penetration,
detection, or resolution of defect locations.
Transducers shall be used at their rated frequencies .
Transducers may be fitted with shoes with the same nominal radius as the curved surfaces of
the material being examined.
Immersible transducers and coaxial cables, which are capable of transmitting electrical
impulses, while immersed, shall be used for examinations by the immersion method.
Collimator may be used for shaping the sound beam.
7.3 Couplant
A couplant such as water, oil, glycerin, etc. with good wetting characteristics and capable of
conducting ultrasonic vibrations from the transducer to the material being examined shall be
used.
The same couplant shall be used for calibration and examination.
Couplant used for immersion examinations shall be free of air bubbles.
Couplant used for immersion examinations may contain additives such as rust inhibitors,
softeners, and wetting agents and may be heated to a comfortable working temperature .
7.4 Reference Standards
7.4.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Flat bottom hole reference standards shall be used for calibration and performance of
examinations. Reference standards for angle beam examination using reference notches or a
side-drilled hole shall also be required when specified.
7.4.2 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
Reference standard material type, heat treat condition and surface finish shall be
representative of the material being examined. The surface finish of the reference standard
shall not exceed (neither smoother nor rougher) that of the material being examined. The
same grade or another grade of material of the same general type shall be used. Examples of
general material types for selection of reference standard material are as follows:
1) Carbon and low alloy steels
2) Martensitic stainless steels
3) Nickel base corrosion resistant alloys
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When a reference standard of the same material is not available, a reference standard of a
similar material may be used at the discretion of the Level III provided the response of the
back surface reflection is within +4db to -12db of a back surface reflection representing the
same metal travel distance in the material being examined. This compensation for attenuation
shall be utilized for examinations and acceptance/rejection.
7.4.3 FLAT BOTTOM HOLES
Reference standards with flat-bottom holes in accordance with:
 ASTM E 428
 ASTM A 609 for UT examination on castings
 ASTM A 388 for UT examination on forgings
Those shall be used for calibration of equipment and to establish recording levels for straight
beam examinations. An actual part may also be used by drilling the appropriate size flat
bottom hole in an area, which will not affect design or function.
Hole diameters and metal travel ratios for examinations shall be in accordance with the
following table.
Reference Hole Diameter Depth Metal Travel
standard

API 6A 1/16" ¾" Up to 1 ½"

API 6A 1/8" ¾" 1 ½" to 6"
API 6A ¼" ¾" Greater than 6"
ASME B16.34 1/16" ¾" Up to 1 ½"
ASME B16.34 1/8" ¾" 1 ½" to 6"
ASME B16.34 ¼" ¾" Greater than 6"
Note: The use of 1/4" diameter hole is not applicable for examination of
material for the manufacture of stems.
Table 4.4 c

7.4.4 REFERENCE NOTCHES

A reference standard with notches shall be used when required for calibration of equipment
and to establish recording levels for angle beam examinations of tubular bar material. Actual
material may be used by machining the appropriate size notches in an area, which will not
affect design or function. Reference notches shall be in accordance with the following:
1) Rectangular or 60° reference notches machined on the inside diameter (ID) and outside
diameter (OD) shall be a depth of 3% maximum of the wall thickness or 1/4", whichever is
smaller, with a length of approximately 1";
2) Notches shall be parallel to the axis of the material for circumferential examinations and
perpendicular to the axis of the material for examinations in the axial direction; and
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3) The diameter and wall thickness of the standard or material containing the reference
notches shall be the same nominal diameter and wall thickness as the material being
examined.
7.4.5 SIDE DRILLED HOLES
A reference standard with a side-drilled hole shall be used when required for calibration of
equipment and to establish recording levels for angle beam examinations of round bar
material for the manufacture of stems. Actual material may be used by drilling a hole in an
area, which will not affect design or function.
Side drilled holes shall be in accordance with the following:
1) A 1/16" diameter hole approximately 1" deep shall be drilled in the side of the material to
be examined in the axial direction; an
2) The nominal diameter of the standard or material containing the 1/16" side drilled hole
shall be the same nominal diameter as the material being examined.

8 EXAMINATION PROCESS REQUIREMENTS

8.1 Surface Preparation
Surfaces to be used for examination shall be adequate to permit examination at the required
sensitivity. The surfaces of the reference standard shall not be better than those to be used
for examination.
Examination surfaces may be prepared by sandblasting, machining or other methods to
provide a surface which is free of extraneous material such as loose scale, paint, dirt, etc.
and proper surface finish.
8.2 Time Examination
Perform examinations after heat treatment for mechanical properties (exclusive of stress-
relief) but prior to drilling holes, machining tapers, grooves, or machining sections to contour.
It shall be permissible to examine material prior to heat treatment for mechanical properties if
the configuration required for the heat treatment inhibits a subsequent complete examination.
The material shall be reexamined as completely as possible after heat treatment mechanical
properties.
8.3 Calibration
8.3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
The straight beam method shall be utilized for the performance of examinations unless the
angle beam method is required for the specific application.
1) After calibration for straight beam or angle beam examination and establishing the
reference level, increase amplitude by 6db for scanning material.
2) Filtering devices may be utilized to eliminate noise. Examinations shall not be performed if
the noise level exceeds 50% of the reference amplitude after filtering adjustments have been
made. If noise level exceeds 50% of the reference amplitude, establish two (2) or more
DAC's as required or consult with a Level III for an alternative procedure.
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8.3.2 STRAIGHT BEAM EXAMINATION

A distance amplitude curve (DAC) shall be used when the examination zone exceeds 1-1/2"
in thickness. The distance amplitude curve (DAC) shall be established by comparison of
reference standards with hole diameters and metal travel distances which represent the
examination zone in accordance with Table (4.4 c). A minimum of 3 (three) reference
standards shall be used for each examination in accordance with the following table.

Reference Standard Metal Travel Distance of Reference

Standard
1/3rd of the thickness of the
#1 Near Zone
examination zone

> reference standard #1 but

#2 Mid Zone
< reference standard #3

#3 Max Zone thickness of the examination zone

(Table 5.3 b)

1) Adjust the instrument controls to obtain an indication amplitude of approximately 80% full
screen height from the flat bottom hole in the #1 (near zone) reference standard and mark on
the CRT screen. Obtain indication amplitude from the remaining two (2) flat bottom hole
reference standards and mark on the CRT screen. Draw a line to connect these marks to
establish a DAC.
2) Determine the difference in DB from the first back reflection of the reference standard and
first back reflection of the material and add for attenuation correction to the calibration DB's.
This will be the reference level for the established DAC.
3) Adjust the amplitude of indication from the reference standard or standards to compensate
for surface curvature of the material to be examined.
4) An electronic DAC may be used to aid in obtaining a distance amplitude curve on the CRT
screen.
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8.3.3 ANGLE BEAM EXAMINATION WITH REFERENCE NOTCHES

ID and OD of a standard or actual tubular bar material.
1) Adjust the instrument controls to obtain indication amplitude of approximately 75% full
screen height from the notch on ID. At the same instrument setting obtain a reflection from
the OD notch and draw a line through the peaks of the first reflections obtained from ID and
OD notches on the CRT. This shall be the amplitude reference line.
2) When the OD notch cannot be detected scanning from the OD surface, calibrate and
perform examination from both the OD and ID surfaces utilizing the ID notch for scanning
from the OD, and the OD notch for scanning from the ID.
8.3.4 ANGLE BEAM EXAMINATION WITH SIDE DRILLED HOLE
An amplitude reference line shall be established for a side-drilled hole in a standard or actual
round bar material.
Adjust the instrument controls to obtain an indication amplitude of approximately 75% full
screen height from the side-drilled hole. This shall be the amplitude reference point.
8.3.5 RECALIBRATION
Calibration shall be maintained and a calibration check performed at least once every eight
(8) hours.
1) A loss of 15% or greater in amplitude shall require recalibration and reexamination of all
material examined in the preceding calibration period.
2) An increase of 15% or greater in amplitude shall require recalibration and reevaluation of
all recorded indications in the preceding calibration period.
3) Any change in the search unit, couplant, instrument setting, or scanning speed from that
used for calibration shall require recalibration.
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8.4 Examination Process

8.4.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Examinations shall be performed using the straight beam flat bottom hole method unless
otherwise specified on this section.
1) Use of contact or immersion techniques shall be chosen at the discretion of the Level II or
III Technician.
2) A reference location shall be established on the material being examined. Recordable
indications shall be reported and located in relationship to the reference line or point.
3) The relative size of the transducer and the distance between scan lines shall be such that
there will be a 15% minimum overlap of successive scans.
4) The scanning rate shall not exceed 6 inches per second for contact examination.
5) Scan material in as many directions required to achieve coverage.
6) The transducer to material (couplant distance) distance for immersion examinations shall
be adjusted to suit the material being examined and the size, type and frequency of the
transducer being used. The couplant distance shall be established to ensure that entry
surface reflections (or multiples thereof) are not displayed in the A-scan presentation for the
examination zone. The couplant distance shall be maintained within +/- 1/4" to that
established with the reference standard.
7) Comparable equipment, search units, frequency and couplant shall be used for
reexamination or reevaluation.
8) Automation of examinations may be facilitated by moving either the material or the search
unit. Movement shall not exceed the maximum speed at which the calibration standard was
scanned with resulting clear resolution of the reference hole or notch.
9) Indications shall be investigated in such a manner that the technician is able to evaluate
the boundaries and depth of the indication from the entry surface at the calibration reference
level.
8.4.2 ROUND BAR MATERIAL
Material shall be scanned using the straight beam technique axially from at least one flat face
and radially from the circumference.
1) The flat bottom hole size utilized for calibration and examination of round bar material for
the manufacture of stems shall be 1/8" diameter maximum regardless of the metal travel
distance.
2) Round bar material used for the manufacture of stems which cannot be examined axially
using the straight beam technique shall be examined with a beam directed along the axis in
both directions using the angle beam technique and a 1/16" side drilled hole.
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8.4.3 TUBULAR BAR MATERIAL

Material shall be scanned radially using the straight beam technique and axially using the
straight beam or angle beam technique.
1) Tubular bar material which cannot be examined in the axial direction using the straight
beam technique shall be examined with a beam directed along the axis in both directions
using the angle beam technique and references notches machined perpendicular to the axis.
2) Tubular bar material with an axial length which exceeds two inches (2") and an outside to
inside diameter ratio less than 2.0 to 1.0 shall also be examined with a beam directed around
the circumference in both clockwise and counter clockwise directions using the angle beam
technique and references notches machined parallel to the axis.
3) Examinations may be performed from the ID and OD surfaces when necessary to achieve
calibration requirements.
4) Circumferential or axial examinations may be performed using only an OD notch and
scanning from the OD. Indications, which exceed the reference level, may be re-evaluated
utilizing both OD and ID notches if required to verify that indications do not meet the
acceptance criteria.
8.4.4 SHAPED MATERIAL
Material shall be scanned to maximize coverage of each section using the straight beam
technique.
1) Shaped material with uniform geometry (square, rectangular, cylindrical sections, etc) shall
be scanned in at least two (2) directions.
2) Shaped material with non-uniform geometry (tapers, contours, irregular sections, etc) shall
be scanned from as many surfaces and directions required to subject the maximum amount
of the material to examination. Because of radii at change of sections and other local
configuration, it may be impossible to inspect some sections of the material.
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9 RECORDING OF INDICATIONS
The limits of planar or linear indications shall be determined by the 6-decibel drop technique.
Indications shall be recorded if they exceed the following limits.
In the reference block technique, indications equal to or exceeding 100 percent of the
reference amplitude.
An indication, which is continuous on the same, plane regardless of amplitude and found over
an area larger than twice the diameter of the search unit or 1” diameter whichever is the
smaller.
The extent of such an indication shall be accurately measured along with variations in
amplitudes of reflections.
Planar indications shall be considered continuous over a plane if they have a major axis
greater than 1” (25mm). In recording these indications corrections must be made for beam
divergence at the estimated flaw depth.
Travelling indications are defined as indications whose leading edge moves a distance
equivalent to 1” (25mm) or more of metal depth with movement of the search unit over the
surface of the forging.
A cluster of indications is defined as five or more indications located in a volume representing
a 2” (50mm) or small cube in the forging.
Reduction in back reflection exceeding 20 per cent of the original measured in increments of
10 per cent.

10 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
10.1 Straight Beam Examination API 6a Acceptance
1) No single indications exceeding reference DAC.
2) No multiple indications exceeding 50% of reference DAC. Multiple indications are defined
as two or more indications (each exceeding 50% of the reference DAC) within ½" (13 mm) of
each other in any direction.
3) Additionally for API Spec 6A PSL 4, no continuous cluster of indications on the same
plane regardless of amplitude found over area twice the diameter of the search unit.
10.2 Angle Beam Technique API 6a Acceptance
No indications, which exceed the amplitude of the reference notch or hole.
10.3 Straight Beam Examination ASME B16.34 Acceptance
1) Indications which are equal to or exceed that obtained from a ¼” diameter flat bottom hole
in a calibration test piece of thickness equal to the defet depth are unacceptable. See also
paragraph 7.4.3 and table 4.4.c.
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10.4 Angle Beam Examination ASME B16.34 Acceptance

1) Cut the ID notch depth to 3 % maximum of the thickness or 1⁄4 in. [6 mm], whichever is
smaller, and its length approximately 1 in. [25 mm]
10.5 Welds
10.5.1 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
• No indications whose signal exceeds that of the reference level,
• No linear indications interpreted as cracks, incomplete joint penetration, or incomplete
fusion,
• No slag indications with amplitudes exceeding the reference level whose length
exceeds the following:

WELD THICKNESS (T) INCLUSION LENGHT

(inches) (mm) (inches) (mm)
< 0.75 (19.0) 0.25 (6.4)

0.75 to 2.25 (19.0 – 57.0) 0.33T 0.33T

> 2.25 (57.0) 0.75 (19.0)

Where T is the thickness of the weld being examined. If a weld joins two
members having different thicknesses at the weld, T is the thinner of the two
thicknesses.
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11 REPORT
Following the completion of the ultrasonic examination, the NDE Technician shall record the
examination results on a NDE UT Report form, which shall include the following as a
minimum:
1) Part number and revision,
2) Specification number and revision,
3) Unique identification number of each piece of material examined. Each piece of material
shall be marked with a unique identification number,
4) Description of material and material type (i.e. 4130 barstock 7" diameter x 20" long),
5) Equipment used (transducer description & couplant),
6) Examination method (contact or immersion & straight or angle beam),
7) Calibration data shall be recorded for the method used as follows:
a) Straight Beam Method - Flat bottom hole size, metal travel distance, calibration db,
scanning db and reference standard material type; or
b) Angle Beam Method - Notch or side drilled hole size, calibration db, scanning db, and
reference standard material type.
8) Examination results,
9) Date of examination, and
10) NDT Technician’s name and level of qualification.