Monash University Library In-text citations Three or more authors
APA 7th Quick guide Revised 22 July 21 The basics Robbins et al. (2017) note that leadership empathy
and good communication are key to negotiating
Introduction APA 7th style uses author-date in-text citations. successful organisational change.
This short guide provides basic rules for using APA There are two types of in-text citations. They may be required to work harder now there are
7th style. For further information and more An author prominent citation is where the author’s … perform the same tasks (Robbins et al., 2017).
examples, please consult the APA 7th Library Guide. name forms part of the sentence. Note: Cite the first author and ensure “et al” has a
full stop.
What is referencing? Example: Rajaratnam (2001) argues that the notion
of biological time is … national level. Corporate or group author
Referencing is a system used in academic work to
acknowledge the ideas, evidence, facts or any other An information prominent citation highlights the If the organisation is recognised by an abbreviation,
information presented, and to indicate their information being conveyed and cites the author’s include it the first time you cite that organisation.
sources. It helps you avoid plagiarism. name, typically at the end of the sentence.
Census data gives valuable insights into...
APA 7th requires you to reference every source you Example: The notion of biological time is …national (Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS], 2021).
have used in your assignment. You do not have to level (Rajaratnam, 2001).
reference sources you consulted but did not use. Note: [ABS] is in square brackets for the first in-text
Examples citation.
Elements of referencing There are different rules for formatting in-text In a subsequent mention, use the abbreviation.
There are two places that you need to write citations depending on the number of authors.
Australia's next census will be held on 10th August
references in your assignments: One author 2021 (ABS, 2021).
• The first is where you actually cite or refer to … the results of the study were inconclusive If the abbreviation is not widely known give the full
the material in the body of your assignment. (Hawkins, 2020). name every time.
This is called an in-text citation.
Hawkins (2020) reported that the results of the Multiple citations
• The second is a list at the end of your study were inconclusive.
assignment where you provide all the Where there are two or more citations within the
bibliographic detail. This is called a reference Two authors same parentheses, cite them in alphabetical order,
list. not date order and separate each citation with a
...is a significant factor (Bovey & Hede, 2013).
semicolon (;).
All in-text citations must have a corresponding Bovey and Hede (2013) argue that...
entry in the reference list. All sources in the ...as demonstrated in several recent studies (Minor,
reference list must have a corresponding in-text Note: Note the use of "and" (author prominent) 2019; Shafranske & Mahoney, 2013).
citation. and "&" (information prominent).
Direct quotation • For multiple authors, separate each by a Chapter in an edited electronic book
comma, with “&” between the last two authors.
When using a direct quotation, always include the Moye, J., & Wood, E. (2020). Understanding legal
page number. • However, when there are 21 or more authors, and clinical capacities. In J. Moye (Ed.),
include the first nineteen authors’ names with Assessing capacities of older adults: A
A patient is in pain when they tell you and "it is
a comma after each, then three ellipsis points casebook to guide difficult decisions (pp. 9–
important to believe the patient so as to build a
( . . .), followed by the last author’s name. Do 23). American Psychological Association.
trusting relationship" (Phipps et al., 1983, p. 45).
not include “&” before the last name. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000184-002
Gittins (2006) suggests that "the key to
See full details and an example reference list in the Journal article
understanding microeconomics is to realise that its
Reference list section of the APA 7th Library Guide.
overwhelming focus is on the role of price" (p. 18). Matney, G. (2014). Early mathematics fluency with
Digital object identifier (DOI) CCSSM. Teaching Children Mathematics, 21(1),
Reference list 27–35.
The DOI is a unique identifier that provides a
A reference list records all the sources you have https://doi.org/10.5951/teacchilmath.21.1.00
persistent link to the location of online content. It
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cited in the body of your assignment. The reference should be included in the reference when available.
list is placed at the end of the essay on a new page. Document on the web
APA 7th DOI format: https://doi.org/xxxxx
• The word References is in bold in title case and Hughes, L., & McMichael, T. (2011). The critical
is centred at the top of the page. Example:
decade: Climate change and health. Climate
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.09.026
Council. https://www.climatecouncil.org.au/re
• APA 7th style uses hanging indents. This means
that the second and subsequent lines of each sources/commission-climate-change-and-
reference are indented. health/
Some common reference types Company annual report
• Arrange the list alphabetically by the first
author's surname. If an item has multiple See the full range in the APA 7th Library Guide. Woolworths Group Limited. (2019). Better together:
authors, leave them in the order they 2019 annual report.
Print book
appear. Do not rearrange them. https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/icms
Coronel, C. & Morris, S. (2019). Database systems: _docs/195582_annual-report-2019.pdf
• For author first name(s) use initials only. Design, implementation, and management
(13th ed.). Cengage Learning. Report from a database (e.g. MarketLine)
• If there is no author specified, use the
organisation name as the author (e.g. see Electronic book MarketLine. (2020, April). Country analysis report:
Company annual report in this guide). Vietnam, in-depth PESTLE insights.
Wallwork, A., & Southern, A. (2020). 100 tips to Marketline. http://www.marketline.com
• If there is no date (for example on a webpage) avoid mistakes in academic writing and
use (n.d.) for "no date". presenting. Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44214-9
