Zamboanga Peninsula Polytechnic State University
College of Engineering Technology
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
R.T. Lim Boulevard
Concept Paper
TITLE: INVESTIGATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTHS OF THE HOLLOW BLOCKS
WITH COW DUNG ADDITIVES.
RATIONALE
Sand and cement are commonly used to make concrete hollow blocks. In the building
industry, cement is the most expensive material. Hollow blocks are today one of the most
important materials, especially given the current state of urbanization. The researchers were able
to investigate novel materials for assessing the compressive strength of hollow blocks in this
investigation. Cow dung was combined and tested as an addition to improve the compressive
strength of hollow blocks at various concentrations.
Cow dung is abundant due to the large numbers of cows locally available in a large
geographic area of the world. The main components of cow dung are plant fibers (essentially
composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin), amine organic compounds, and fragments of
intestinal tissues. It contains 80 to 90 wt. % of waters. Its numerous properties are of interest in
several domains. It is very exothermic combustion making it an excellent fuel. For this reason, it is
used in pottery kilns for the firing of cooking pots. It could be used in medicine to prevent
inflammation and pains because of its antiseptic character. Generally, cow dung is mainly used to
fertilize agricultural soils because its high nitrogen content is important for the development of
plants (Millogo, Aubert, Séré, Fabbri, Morel, 2018)
Chemically, Cow dung is rich in nitrogen, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus. Which is
comparatively like the components of cement being used in constructions with calcium, sodium,
sulfur trioxide, potassium oxide, and calcium oxide. (Smith & Wheeler,2015).
The researchers seek to produce something out of the dung and find a creative use for this
waste since animal waste such as cow manure is a big concern among the inhabitants of the
Cornelia Subdivision Sinunuc. Many farmers believe that the trash and junk they see on their fields,
including what animals have given off, has no value. Their dung or manure, for example. When used
in hollow bricks, cow dung can be beneficial.
Aside from being organic material for plants they can still be used for other purposes.
Animal waste like cow dung had been a problem for people, especially farmers and animal
caretakers. It is normally used for a compost pit and the researchers found a new way to find a
value in animal waste. These ways such as cow dung are littered around after the animals give them
off. This is what motivated the researchers to conduct the problem.
The essential purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a hollow block with an
The additive of dog manure
The researchers come up with this study for the community to benefit from dung or manure
that can be found in streets and fields. Instead of just desolating it everywhere, the community,
especially farmers can use it as an additive in making a hollow block.
The study aims to investigate if the hollow blocks can be increased the compressive strength
by adding cow dung. Farmers or animal caretakers can use the hollow blocks with a mixture of cow
dung in construction materials.
This study also aims to reduce the wastes in our surroundings or fields that are given off by
animals just like cows.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The essential purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a hollow block with an
additive of cow dung, in industrial buildings, residences, and such. Specifically, it aims to answer the
following questions.
1. What are the specifications for making hollow blocks? In line with its specifications, what are the
advantages of cow dung to the original mixture of hollow blocks?
2. What are the features of a hollow block with an additive of cow dung?
3. How will cow dung used as an additive affect the hollow block's compressive strength? Would
the ratio of cement to cow dung affect it?
a. 40% cow dung while 60% cement
b. 50% cow dung while 50% cement
c. 60% cow dung while 40% cent
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1. Is to determine the specification of the cow dung mixture and determine the advantage of
cow dung in the original mixture of hollow blocks.
2. To determine the features of a hollow block with an additive of cow dung.
3. To determine if the cow dung affects the hollow block’s compressive strength and
determine if the ratio of cement to cow dung affects it.
EXPECTED OUTPUT
At the end of this paper, the researchers must obtain the standard concrete strength using cow
dung as an additive.
RESEARCH LOCALE / BENEFICIARY
The study will be conducted in the Department of Public Work and Highways for the testing of compressive
strength. And the beneficiary of this study will be Contractors, residents, future researchers, and
farmers
PROPOSE METHOD
The study used the experimental method of research. In this kind of research, the investigations manipulate the
experimental variables.
The experimental method is used to determine the relationship of the variables wherein the
dependent variable would be the compressive strength of the hollow block, the ultimate load, and the
quality of the hollow blocks while the independent variables would be the amount of cow dung
additives and the number of sand additives and the constant variables would be the amount of
cement, amount of water, the cow dung ash and the size of the hollow block 4 inches wide, 8 inches
high, and length of 16 inches.
REFERENCE
https://www.academia.edu/40584014/
Carabao_Manure_Ash_as_an_Alternative_Cement_A_Feasibility_Study.
https://www.ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/11532.
