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Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)

Paper
Time 2 hours
reference 4CH1/1C 4SD0/1C

Chemistry
 

UNIT: 4CH1
Science (Double Award) 4SD0
PAPER: 1C
You must have: Total Marks
Calculator, ruler January 2023

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• IfFillpencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• centrein the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 110.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write your answers neatly and in good English.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.

Turn over

P71892A
©2023 Pearson Education Ltd.
J:1/1/1/1/1/1/
*P71892A0128*
 2
The Periodic Table of the Elements
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0
1 4
H He
hydrogen helium

Key 1 2

7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
3 4 atomic (proton) number 5 6 7 8 9 10

23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 63.5 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

85 88 89 91 93 96 [98] 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

133 137 139 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 [209] [210] [222]
Cs Ba La* Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium lanthanum hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon

*P71892A0228*
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

[223] [226] [227] [261] [262] [266] [264] [277] [268] [271] [272]
Fr Ra Ac* Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Elements with atomic numbers 112–116 have been reported but not fully
francium radium actinium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium
authenticated
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111

* The lanthanoids (atomic numbers 58–71) and the actinoids (atomic numbers 90–103) have been omitted.

The relative atomic masses of copper and chlorine have not been rounded to the nearest whole number.
 Answer ALL questions.

Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .

1 This question is about the three states of matter, solid, liquid and gas.
(a) The diagram shows how particles of a substance are arranged in two of
these states.

0808888
solid liquid gas

(i) Complete the diagram to show how particles are arranged in the liquid state.
(1)
(ii) Identify the state of matter that contains particles with the least energy.
(1)

solid Ff b
. . .. . . . . .. . ...................... .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. ........................................................................................................................ ... ... ... ... .. ... ... .. .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ...

(b) The table shows two changes of state.

t.gg

Complete the table by giving the name of each change of state.

(2)

Change of state Name

L
solid to liquid
melting
solid to gas
sublimation
(c) Explain why hot water evaporates more quickly than cold water.
I (2)

To Howeth cold water

. . .. . . . . .. . ...................... .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. ........................................................................................................................ ... ... ... ... .. ... ... .. .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ...

. . .. . . . . .. . ...................... .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. ........................................................................................................................ ... ... ... ... .. ... ... .. .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ...

no pi if I 87.0
. . .. . . . . .. . ...................... .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. ........................................................................................................................ ... ... ... ... .. ... ... .. .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ...

high B C of mobiles www.eofpot

. . .. . . . . .. . ...................... .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. ........................................................................................................................ ... ... ... ... .. ... ... .. .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ...

internal
stronger
weakIntermolalay forces (Total for Question 1 = 6 marks) for
3
*P71892A0328*
Grovencaewarforas Turn over   
2 This question is about elements, mixtures and compounds.
(a) Which of these is the formula of a molecule of an element?
(1)
A O
2
B Cl2
C HCl
D H2O

(b) Which method can be used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid?
sand
(1)
A crystallisation
B evaporation

C filtration
D simple distillation

(c) Give the name of a method used to separate a mixture of liquids with different
boiling points.
(1)

Fractional distillation
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(d) A student adds a crystal of substance X to some water in a beaker and leaves the
beaker for one day.
The diagram shows the beaker immediately after adding the crystal, and after
one day.

immediately after after one day

adding crystal

4
*P71892A0428*
 (i) Which equation gives the correct state symbols for a process that occurs in
the beaker?
(1)
A X(s) → X(l)
B X(s) → X(g)

C X(aq) → X(s)
D X(s) → X(aq)
O
(ii) Which other process occurs in the beaker?

A boiling Q2 NI (1)

B condensing
colloidal
D C diffusion
crystal parties
D sublimation water

(iii) After one day the student does two tests on the liquid in the beaker.
The table shows the student’s results.

Test Result

flame test lilac flame

addition of acidified barium chloride solution white precipitate

Identify substance X.
(2)

w Son
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

82504 (Total for Question 2 = 7 marks)

5
*P71892A0528* Turn over   
3 This question is about gases.
(a) (i) Name the gas that is about 1% of dry air by volume.
(1)

argue
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(ii) Which is the most abundant gas in dry air by volume?

(1)
A carbon dioxide

B methane
C nitrogen
D oxygen

(b) A student uses this apparatus to find the percentage by volume of oxygen in a
mixture of oxygen and neon.

wet iron wool

mixture of oxygen
and neon

water

This is the student's method.

• measure the initial length of the column of gas in the inverted test tube
• leave the test tube in the beaker for a week
• measure the final length of the column of gas in the test tube

Hydrated

6
*P71892A0628*
 (i) Some of the iron wool rusts.
Give the chemical name for rust.
hematite
(1)

Hydrated iron oxide

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(ii) Give a reason why neon does not react with the iron wool.
(1)

neon Completed outer shell

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

with e
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(iii) The table shows the student’s results.

initial length of column of gas 75 mm

final length of column of gas 30 mm

Has
Use the results to calculate the percentage of oxygen in the mixture of
oxygen and neon.
(2)

a mat of o z 75 30
to 45

02 X 100 60
percentage of oxygen = .......................... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... .. %

(Total for Question 3 = 6 marks)

211 E

7
*P71892A0728* Turn over   
4 A student uses this apparatus to investigate the dyes in a food colouring A.

chromatography paper

baseline drawn in ink

A
water

(a) Explain two mistakes that the student makes when setting up the apparatus.
(4)

base line drawn in ink instead of pencil

1 . .. . . . ...................... .. ... .. .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . ........................................................................................................................ ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... . ... ... ... ... ... ..

ink is soluble mixture interfere with result

.. . . . . .. . . . ...................... .. ... .. .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . ........................................................................................................................ ... ... ... ... ... .. ... .. . ... ... ... .. ... ... ... .

.. . . . . .. . . . ...................... .. ... .. .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . ........................................................................................................................ ... ... ... ... ... .. ... .. .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ..

.. . . . . .. . . . ...................... .. ... .. .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . ........................................................................................................................ ... ... ... ... ... .. ... .. .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ..

Baselinelevel is below water level

2 . .. . . . ...................... .. ... .. .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . ........................................................................................................................ ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... . ... ... ... ... ... ..

drop dissolves down in solvent instead

.. . . . . .. . . . ...................... .. ... .. .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . ........................................................................................................................ ... ... ... ... ... .. ... .. . ... ... ... .. ... ... ... .

instead of moving up
.. . . . . .. . . . ...................... .. ... .. .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . ........................................................................................................................ ... ... ... ... ... .. ... .. .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ..

.. . . . . .. . . . ...................... .. ... .. .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . ........................................................................................................................ ... ... ... ... ... .. ... .. .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ..

8
*P71892A0828*
 (b) The student repeats the experiment, but with no mistakes.
The table shows the R f values for the two dyes in food colouring A.

Dye R f value

blue 0.50

yellow 0.25

(i) Complete the chromatogram for food colouring A by adding and labelling
the dyes.
(2)

Solvent front

Blue
yellow
A

(ii) Give a reason why the blue dye has a larger R f value than the yellow dye.
(1)

more soluble than

yellow
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

due more forth

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(Total for Question 4 = 7 marks)

9
*P71892A0928* Turn over   
5 A student investigates the reactivities of four metals, aluminium, magnesium, copper
and metal X.
(a) The student adds pieces of magnesium ribbon to aqueous solutions of the
sulfates of each metal.
M
After a few minutes the student removes the pieces of magnesium ribbon and
records the appearance of each piece of magnesium.
Table 1 shows the student’s results.

Solution Appearance
Mg
aluminium sulfate grey coating on magnesium
Mg Alison Al x
magnesium sulfate no change

Mt Mgsn copper(II) sulfate brown coating on magnesium a

sulfate of metal X grey coating on magnesium

Table 1

(i) Name the substance that causes the brown coating on the magnesium.
(1)

copper
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(ii) State why there is no change with magnesium sulfate solution.

(1)

Mgcartreentwitt Jons
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

Itself

10
*P71892A01028*
 (b) The student repeats the experiment with pieces of metal X instead of pieces
of magnesium.
Table 2 shows the student’s results.

Solution Appearance

x aluminium sulfate no change Mg

Al
magnesium sulfate no change

copper(II) sulfate brown coating on metal X

sulfate of metal X no change

Table 2
(i) Use the information from both tables to deduce the order of reactivity of
aluminium, magnesium, copper and metal X.
(2)

Mg
most reactive ..............................................................

Al
..............................................................

x
..............................................................
2 re
least reactive q
..............................................................

(ii) Give a possible identity for metal X.

(1)

a fe
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(c) This ionic equation represents the reaction between magnesium and
aluminium nitrate.

3Mg(s) + 2Al3+(aq) → 3Mg2+(aq) + 2Al(s)

Explain, in terms of electrons, which species acts as a reducing agent in
this reaction.
Mg (2)

é up
oxidised Ai
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

Mat
dngaget Ed reduction
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

FII.ngcop
go.MY MY Mgoi2e
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

i2p
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(Total for Question 5 = 7 marks)

11
*P71892A01128* Turn over   
6 This question is about polymers.
(a) This is the structure of a monomer.

H Cl
C C
H H

What is the name of this monomer?

(1)
A chloroethane

OBC chloroethene

chloropropane
D chloropropene

(b) Complete the equation to show the repeat unit of the polymer that forms from
this monomer.
(1)
H Cl
H Cl I l
n C C c c
H H
h h n
Ta
(c) A typical molecule of the polymer has a relative molecular mass (Mr ) of 2 490 000
to
Show that the number of monomer molecules needed to make this typical stg
molecule is about 40 000 40000
[for C, Ar = 12 for Cl, Ar = 35.5] 2g (2)

Mr of money Cz Hz I 2 12 3 35.5 621

Mrpdyes 2490000 40000

no
of man

Tf
3981
To
12
*P71892A01228*
 (d) These are two methods used to dispose of the polymer. ED
•
•
burying in landfill sites
burning
c d
3

Is
Discuss the environmental problems caused by these two methods of disposal.
(4)

burgists burning
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

rent

at
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

they inert
traT
as
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

nean
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

hogans
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

Case diseases visual

G Co Toxic
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

En
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

f
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

Is
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(e) A different polymer molecule contains 10 600 atoms of carbon, 10 600 atoms of
hydrogen and 31 800 atoms of chlorine.
Determine the empirical formula of this polymer.
(2)

C H d

78
4 33
1
empirical formula = .................. ... ... ... ... ..... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... .
CHI
20
If
Cx Goc
(Total for Question 6 = 10 marks)

13
*P71892A01328* Turn over   
7 The table shows the displayed formulae of some organic compounds.

V W
H H H H H H H H H H

H C C C C C C C C H H C C H

H H H H H H H H H C C H

X Y Z
H H
cage
H H H H H H H H H H H H

H C C C C O H C C C C H H C C C C H

H H H H H H H H H H H

(a) Give a reason why compound X is not a hydrocarbon.

(1)

contain o atom
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(b) Give the letter of the compound that is a saturated hydrocarbon with the
empirical formula CH2
O (1)

Il CydoalWne W
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(c) Give the letter of the compound that produces nine moles of water when
one mole undergoes complete combustion.
(1)

V Gt a H2o
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(d) Give the structural formula of compound Y.

(1)

CH2 CH CH CH
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

CHz cHcHzcH

14
*P71892A01428*
 (e) Explain why compounds W and Y are isomers.
(2)

Same moleulan fonda

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

differs straetrel former

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(f ) Compound Z reacts with bromine in the presence of ultraviolet radiation.

(i) Write a chemical equation for this reaction.
(2)

Cultio Bra Cult Br th Br

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(ii) What is the name for this type of reaction?

(1)
A addition
B combustion
C substitution

D thermal decomposition

(g) Describe how the combustion of sulfur-free petrol in a car engine produces gases
that can cause acid rain.
Do not refer to carbon dioxide in your answer.
S X (3) acid

tap inside
highs engine
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

bred triple bad bets NEN

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

case N to react easily with or

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

To for oxides that

nitrogen (Total
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

came acidic
for Question 7 = 12 marks)
rain

15
*P71892A01528* Turn over   
8 This question is about ionic compounds.
(a) The table gives the formulae of some positive and negative ions, and the
formulae of some compounds containing these ions.

Na+ Mg2+

Cl–
Nad Mgc 12
O2– Na2O MgO

M3 Nz
N3– Na3N

(i) Complete the table by giving the missing formulae.

(3)
(ii) Give the name of the compound with the formula MgO
(1)

Magnesium oxide
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(iii) Calculate the relative formula mass (Mr ) of Na3N

[for Na, Ar = 23 for N, Ar = 14]
(1)

N 93N 3N a N

31 23 14

83 g mol
Mr = ................... ... .. .. ... .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ..

16
*P71892A01628*
 (b) The diagram shows the arrangement of electrons in atoms of lithium and in an
atom of oxygen.

lithium atom lithium atom oxygen atom

(i) Describe the changes in the electron configurations of lithium and oxygen
when these atoms form lithium oxide, Li2O
(2)

lithia change from lost le to

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

li 2,1 lit 2 while

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

oxygen
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

2,6 02 2,8
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(ii) Lithium oxide has a giant ionic structure.

Explain why lithium oxide has a high melting point.
(3)

Ionic has strong Electrostatic

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

attraction beta oppositely

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

charged Ions
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

which require high Energy

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

To Separate Ions
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(Total for Question 8 = 10 marks)

17
*P71892A01728* Turn over   
9 This question is about substances that contain covalent bonds.
(a) The diagram represents a molecule of oxygen.

+ +

Describe the forces of attraction in a covalent bond.

(2)

Electrostatic attraction beta

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

two nor metals

nuclei of and
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

their electro shared pairs of

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(b) The table shows the boiling points of three Group 7 elements.

Boiling point in °C

fluorine –188

1 chlorine

bromine
–34

59

Explain the trend in the boiling points.

(3)

Boiling point incrse as we go down

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

Bize and no
of é t Intermoleola
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

forces P energy required to overoe

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

Intermalala forces P
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

18
*P71892A01828*
 (c) Graphite is a naturally-occurring form of carbon.
Explain why graphite is soft and conducts electricity.
Refer to structure and bonding in your answer.
(5)

hexagons layer with weak Interndala

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

forces bets These layer

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

Soft be case could slide

layers
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

eachother
over
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

each C in graphite bonded with

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

3 Other carbons by three co valet

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

bad South e is free To

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

move that why graphite

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

cadet
electrify
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(Total for Question 9 = 10 marks)

19
*P71892A01928* Turn over   
10 A student uses this apparatus to record the maximum temperature in the reaction
between solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.

This is the student’s method.

• add 25 cm3 of hydrochloric acid to the beaker
• add 25 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution to the beaker
• stir the mixture
• record the maximum temperature reached
(a) Name a suitable piece of apparatus to add 25 cm3 of solution to the beaker.
(1)

measuring cylinder
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

pipette
burette

20
*P71892A02028*
 (b) Before the reaction, both solutions have a temperature of 21.0 °C.
The heat energy change, Q, for the reaction is 2880 J.
I 2 88 A
(i) Calculate the theoretical maximum temperature reached by the mixture,
which has a mass of 50 g.
[specific heat capacity of mixture, c = 4.2 J / g / °C]
(4)

M C at 2880 50 4.2 X at
G
34.7

i
a

21.0 37 7
temperature = ........................... .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... . °C

(ii) Give a reason why the maximum temperature recorded by the student is
lower than the theoretical maximum temperature calculated.
(1)

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

heatlose to surrounding
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(iii) In the reaction, 0.0500 mol of hydrochloric acid completely react.

Calculate the molar enthalpy change, ΔH , in kilojoules per mole of
hydrochloric acid.
Include a sign in your answer.
(3)

H 2.888J
a
Jos

57 6
ΔH = .......................................... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... kJ / mol

(Total for Question 10 = 9 marks)

21
*P71892A02128* Turn over   
11 This question is about the reaction between magnesium and dilute nitric acid.
(a) A student reacts dilute nitric acid with an excess of magnesium powder as a first
step in the preparation of dry crystals of hydrated magnesium nitrate.
This is the equation for the reaction.

Mg(s) + 2HNO3(aq) → Mg(NO3)2(aq) + H2(g)

(i) Explain why it is important that magnesium is in excess.

(2)

To make sure all acid reacted

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

contain
solution only Mginal
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

pud
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(ii) The student adds 0.75 g of magnesium to 0.025 mol of nitric acid.
Calculate the mass of magnesium, in grams, that remains at the end of
the reaction.
[for magnesium, Ar = 24]

Mg HNos (3)

2
0.0125 mole
0.01
NFC'm L created 0.03125 0.0125
0.01875 mo
m mass of magnesium = ......................... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... g
n

Manx Mr
0.01875 29
0.759 074

0.45g

22
*P71892A02228*
 (iii) Describe how the student can obtain dry crystals of hydrated
magnesium nitrate from the mixture at the end of the reaction.
(5)

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

Filter to remove so lit u reacted

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

My
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

Heat filtrate to the point of cryst

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

Cool anti crystals formed

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

Filter crystals using filter

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

papers 8 fare
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

S0WoshwxDrpsofD
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

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drybetatof.i lapin
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

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. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

23
*P71892A02328* Turn over   
 (b) The student repeats the experiment and records the volume of
hydrogen gas collected.
The graph shows the student’s results.

300

250

200
Volume of hydrogen
in cm3
150

100

50

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Time in s

Use the graph to calculate the rate of reaction, in cm3/ s, at t = 40 s.

Show your working on the graph.
(3)

ee
10
60
3
Calls
rate of reaction = ..................................... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... .. cm3/ s

(Total for Question 11 = 13 marks)

24
*P71892A02428*
 BLANK PAGE

25
*P71892A02528* Turn over   
12 This question is about hydrated compounds.
Crystals of hydrated barium chloride (BaCl2 . xH2O) contain water of crystallisation.
A student uses this apparatus to remove and collect the water from some crystals.

barium chloride tube A

crystals

tube B

heat

water

ice and salt

mixture at –10 °C

This is the student’s method.

Step 1 record mass of tube A when empty A
Step 2 place a sample of hydrated barium chloride crystals in tube A and record
new mass
Step 3 heat tube A
Step 4 allow tube A to cool and record mass
Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the mass recorded in step 4 is constant.
These are the student’s results.
mass of tube A = 10.55 g

I
mass of tube A and BaCl2 . xH2O = 16.65 g
final mass of tube A and BaCl2 = 15.75 g
(a) (i) Give a reason why the student repeats steps 3 and 4 until the mass
is constant.
(1)

To sure all water evaporated

make
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

26
*P71892A02628*
 (ii) Calculate the mass of BaCl2 that forms in tube A.
(1)

15.75 10 55
5.29
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(iii) Calculate the mass of water lost.

(1)

16.65 15.75
0.9g
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(iv) Determine the value of x in BaCl2 . xH2O

Show your working.
[for BaCl2 , Mr = 208 for H2O, Mr = 18]
(3)

Bad 2 H2o
m

off
x = .................. ... ... ... ... ..... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... .

(b) Describe a physical test to show that the water in tube B is pure.
(2)

TB oil at speak tap

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

set
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

QUESTION 12 CONTINUES ON NEXT PAGE

27
*P71892A02728* Turn over   
 (c) A sample containing 0.02 mol of hydrated copper(II) sulfate is heated using the
same apparatus.
2
The products of the reaction are anhydrous copper(II) sulfate and water.
This is the equation for the reaction.

CuSO4 . 5H2O(s)  CuSO4(s) + 5H2O(l)

(i) Give the meaning of the symbol 

(1)

reversible Rx
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(ii) Describe how the reaction can be used to show that a liquid contains water.
(2)

add a
ulydros Copper sulfate
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

Jen White to Blue

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(iii) Calculate the maximum number of water molecules in tube B after the sample
of hydrated copper(II) sulfate has completely reacted.
One mole of any substance contains 6 × 1023 particles.
(2)

0 02 X5 mo l

0 O 2 X S X G O 2x
023

maximum number of molecules = .................. ... ... ... ... ..... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... .

(Total for Question 12 = 13 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 110 MARKS

bubble charges into Nat south

solution to Brown due to I 2

28 dared d s s cred in s on
*P71892A02828*
Chismorereactiedaplace
for Jodie
Iodide
28deI
Clz 28I ag on
9
3191