Chemical Compositions
Bond paper:
High-quality bond paper is composed of anywhere from 20% to 100% cotton rag fiber, which
gives the paper its durability. This type of paper is stronger than paper that is made solely from
wood pulp.
Bond papers are composed of about 20% to 100% cotton rag fiber. It is a high-quality paper that
is widely used in various industries due to its versatility. Moreover, the material used in
manufacturing bond paper rolls gives it more strength than the paper made from wood pulp.
Wood:
There are two major chemical components in wood: lignin (18– 35%) and carbohydrate (65–
75%). Both are complex, polymeric ma- terials. Minor amounts of extraneous materials, mostly
in the form of organic extractives and inorganic minerals (ash), are also present in wood (usually
4– 10%).
Acetic acid, methyl alcohol and acetone, were formerly obtained exclusively from wood
distillation, leading to the common name, "wood alcohol," for methanol.
Garment: Ex. Cotton
Cellulose 91.00%
Water 7.85%
Protoplasm, Pectins 0.55%
Natural Waxes and fatty substances 0.40%
Mineral salts 0.20%
A confirmatory test is possible with chemical testing by dissolving one part and weighing
another to conclude the ratio. For example, cotton is soluble in 70% sulphuric acid
solution. And polyester remains insoluble. Likewise different natural and synthetic fibres
can be dissolved in various chemicals/ solvents to analyze the ratio in different blended
fabrics.
Rubber: Types of rubber
There are two primary types of rubber, namely natural rubber and synthetic rubber.
a. Natural rubber
It is made by the polymerization of isoprene (2 methyl-1, 3-butadiene) which has a chemical
formula (C5H8) n and it is known as cis- 1, 4- polyisoprene. (Natural rubber is made up of
solid particles suspended in a milky white liquid (called latex) that drips from the bark of
certain tropical and subtropical trees.)
b. Synthetic rubbers
Synthetic rubbers are produced from petroleum and natural gas. It is obtained by
polymerization of 1, 3 – butadiene derivatives or by copolymerization of 1, 3 – butadiene
along with an unsaturated monomer.
PLASTICS:
Plastic is a lightweight, durable, inexpensive and easy-to-modify material. It is made up of
polymers, which are large organic molecules composed of repeating carbon units or chains
called monomers, such as ethylene, propylene, vinyl chloride and styrene.
Plastics are made from natural materials such as cellulose, coal, natural gas, salt and crude oil
through a polymerization or polycondensation process. Plastics are derived from natural, organic
materials such as cellulose, coal, natural gas, salt and, of course, crude oil.
Relationship to Vinegar and Baking Soda
A chemical reaction is a process in which substances undergo a chemical change to form a different
substance. Mixing baking soda and vinegar will create a chemical reaction because one is an acid and the
other a base. Baking soda is a basic compound called sodium bicarbonate while vinegar is a diluted
solution that contains acetic acid (95% water, 5% acetic acid).
Vinegar and Baking Soda to FIBER RAG
Baking soda and vinegar both strip residue from fibers in the towels (FOR
EXAMPLE) and vinegar is a natural fabric softener. This makes them ideal for
getting the smells OUT!
Baking Soda and Vinegar to Wood
Contrary to many articles circulating on the web, white vinegar and baking soda are
poor cleaning agents for kitchen cabinets, wood or laminate. White vinegar is
effective at cleaning soap build-up and mineral deposits, which are highly unlikely to
be a problem in kitchen cabinets.
However Vinegar is the best alternative clean spray for Kitchen Wood Cabinets
Mix a 50/50 solution of vinegar and warm water and pour it into a spray bottle. Mist
on cabinets, let sit for a minute or two and then wipe clean with a soft cloth. Add a
few drops of liquid dishwashing detergent to the vinegar and water solution to clean
extremely grimy cabinets.
Vinegar and Baking Soda to Garment like COTTON
Both vinegar and baking soda can be used to clean your washing machine and
clothing, but they should not be mixed together because they neutralize each other.
Adding baking soda or vinegar to your laundry can help you clean both your washing
machine and your garments better.
Ex. Washing your clothes with baking soda and vinegar offer several benefits. Both
deodorize by removing bad odors and clean the insides of your washing machine as
well as your garments by breaking down any product build-up.
Baking soda also helps brighten faded clothing, while the acetic acid in vinegar Is
strong enough to dissolve soap and detergent residues which can leave clothes
feeling softer.
Baking Soda and Vinegar to RUBBER
A baking-soda paste removes stains from plastic and rubber utensils.
As a general rule, wherever you find rubber, keep the vinegar away. The vinegar's acid
can eat away at rubber just as it does natural stone.
Soap and water or a solution of soap and baking soda are the best grime busters for
rubber parts.
Vinegar is sometimes used as a fabric softener or for getting rid of stains and odors in
laundry. But as with dishwashers, it can damage the rubber seals and hoses in some
washing machines to the point of causing leaks.
Vinegar and Baking Soda to Plastics
Baking Soda is safe and effective as a cleaner for glass, chrome, steel, enamel and
plastic. Because Baking Soda is a pure, natural product that is also a food, it is non-toxic,
unlike many other household cleaners.
However, When the baking soda and vinegar mix, they create a chemical reaction that
produces gas (carbon dioxide in this case). Gas needs more room, which is why you see
the plastic bag start to expand and eventually pop.
