Kinesiology
Kinesiology is the scientific study of movement and deals with the movement of
muscles, bones, joints and nervous system.
Kinesiology aims to understand the anatomy, function and mechanism of the
muscles and bones that help the human body move.
HAND ANATOMY (Ossa Manus (Hand Bones))
Ossa Carpi (Carpal bones) -7- / Ossa Metacarpi (Metacarpal bones)-5- /
Ossa Digitorum Manus (Phalanges) –5-15
-Ossa Carpi (Carpi bones)
Proximal row:
Os scaphoideum /Os lunatum /Os triquetrum /Os pisiforme
Distal row:
Os trapezium /Os trapezoideum /Os capitatum /Os hamatum
--biomechanical point of view, the carpal bones are studied as longitudinal columns:
Radial scaphoid column:
Os scaphoideum Os trapezium Os trapezoideum
Central lunate column:
Os lunatum Os capitatum
Ulnar triquetrum column:
Os triquetrum Os hamatum
*) Biomechanically, the os psiforme is considered as the sesamoid bone located
behind the m. flexor carpi ulnaris.
-Ossa Metacarpi (Metacarpal bones)
Basis metacarpalis(distal) /Corpus metacarpalis /Caput metacarpale(proximal)
-Ossa Digitorum Manus (Phalanges)
Basis metacarpalis /Corpus metacarpalis /Caput metacarpale(tuberositas)
Articulatio Manus (Hand Joints)
-Art. radiocarpalis (*art. Ellipsoid) / (between radius and carpals)
-Art. mediocarpalis (*art. Ginglymus) / (between radius and carpals)
-Artt. intercarpales (*Art. Plan) / (between carpals)
-Artt. Carpometacarpales (*Semi-movable (amphiarthosis) *Second and third CMC
joints are difficult to classify.) / (between carpals and 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th
metacarpals)
-Art. carpometacarpalis pollicis (*art. Sellaris *(functionally= art. spheroidea)) /
(between carpal (Os trapezium) and 1st metacarpals)
-Artt. intermetacarpales (Art. Plana) / (between distal parts of metacarpals)
-Artt. Metacarpophalangeales (Art. Ellipsoidea) / (between metacarpals and
phalangeals)
-Artt. interphalangeales proximales (Art. Ginglymus) / (between proximal and
medial phalangeals)
-Artt. interphalangeales distales (Art. Ginglymus) / (between medial and distal
phalangeals)
Ligamenta Manus (Hand Ligaments)
- Ligamenta Articularis (Articular Ligaments):
--ligg. Collateralia (at the sides of joints)
--lig. Transvers (between metacarpophalangealis)
-Ligaments Reinforcing Finger Tendon Sheaths: (The Pulley System)
--A1-A5: annular ligaments (ligg. anulare) 5 units
--C1-C3: obliqua ligaments (ligg. obliqua) 3/5 units
*) they cover M.felexor digitorum profundus and M.felexor digitorum superficialis.
Musculi Manus (Hand Muscles)
a) Thenar Muscles /b) Metacarpal muscles /c) Hypothenar muscles
A) Thenar Muscles:
1) M. abductor pollicis brevis 2) M. flexor pollicis brevis
3) M. opponens pollicis 4) M. adductor pollicis
B) Metacarpal muscles
1) M. abductor digiti minimi 2) M. flexor digiti minimi brevis
3) M. opponens digiti minimi 4) M. palmaris brevis
C) Metacarpal muscles
1) M. lumbricales (I-IV) 2) M. interosseus dorsalis (I-IV)
3) M. interosseus palmaris (I-III)
--M. palmaris brevis
The muscle fascia of the palm thickens with connective tissue to form the
Aponeurosis Palmaris.
There are longitudinal and transverse fiber bundles.
Thanks to this fiber weave, the palm retains its concave shape when punched.
It is held taut by the palmaris longus and brevis.
--Aponeurosis Dorsalis
(Dorsal Aponeurosis)
*M. extensor digitorum *Mm. lumricales
*Mm. interossei tendons *and consists of intertwined bundles of connective tissue.
There are central slips and lateral bands in the tissue.
Thanks to the aponeurosis dorsalis, extensor muscles and intrinsic hand muscles
can affect all three finger joints.
Blood Circulation of the HandArteries
A. radialis A. ulnaris
Veins
V. cephalica V. basilica
Innervation of the Hand
Nerves:
N. medianus N. ulnaris N. radialis
Level: C6 / C7 / C8 / T1*
Hand and Wrist Movements
a) Movements occur in Art.radiocarpalis and b) Movements occur in Art. radiocarpalis
Art.mediocarpalis
a) Distal interphalangeal joint flexion b) Proximal interphalangeal joint flexion
c) Metacarpophalangeal joint flexion
d) Distal interphalangeal joint extension e) Metacarpophalangeal joint extension
f) Metacarpophalangeal joint abduction and adduction
