A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON LOGISTICS AND EXPORT

DEPARTMENT OF J.C ANTIQUES COMPANY, JAIPUR

IN THE PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD DEGRESS OF

MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

LOGISTICS & SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
SUBMITTED BY:

ANUJ SHARMA
ENROLMENT NO.- 133008
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
DR. PRIYANKA RANAWAT
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR , NIM&C
DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT

2021-23

NIMS INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & COMMERCE

NIMS UNIVERSITY RAJASTHAN , JAIPUR
 STUDENT DECLARATION

To,
The Principal.
College of Management
NIMS UNIVERSITY (NIMC)

Respected Sir,
I Undersigned hereby Declare that the project report entitled
“Recruitment Techniques and Equal Employment Opportunity” is an
original work developed and submitted by me under the guidance of
Prof Dr PRIYANKA RANAWAT.
The empirical findings and this project report are not copied from
any report and are true and best of my knowledge.
Date:
Place: Jaipur

________________
Signature
BONAFIDE & FORWARDING CERTIFICATE

CERTIFIED THAT ANUJ SHARMA IS BONAFIDE STUDENT OF THIS

INSTITUTE WITH ENROLMENT NUMBER 133008 FORWARDING IS
PROJECT TITTLED “AN DOCUMENTATION VERIFICATION IN
LOGISTICS & EXPORT DEPARTMENT” FOR EVLUATION TO THE
CONTROLLER OF THE EXAMINATION NIM&C UNIVERSITY , JAIPUR,
RAJASTHAN

_________________

PROF. DR. AKHIL GOYAL

PRINCIPAL
 ➢ LETTER OF UNDERTAKING
I Sashant Sharma hereby confirm that the internship report I have
provided is solely my own effort. I did not copy my report partially or
completely from any other student or from any other source either
against payment or free & did not provide plagiarized material in any
section of my report. I further confirm that the documents
(internship confirm certificate) that I have provided are genuine (i.e.,
not fake) & have been issued by the authorized person in the
organization. If I am found guilty of misstating, misleading or
concealing the facts about my activities at any stage, the university is
authorized to take disciplinary action against me according to
university policies & regulations. I hereby also confirm that I have
carefully read & understood all the guidelines, rules & regulations
provided by the guide. I assure that I will follow all the instructions
given by guide of Dr PRIYANKA RANAWAT in case of any negligence, I
shall be held responsible.

______________
Signature of Guide.
INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been
possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and
organization. i would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.

I am highly indebted to MR. RAMESH YADAV for their guidance and

constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information
the projects & also for their support in completing the projects.

I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents & members

of JC ANTIQUES COMPANY for their kind co-operation and
encouragements which help me in completion of this projects.

I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to industry

person for giving my such attention and time.

My thanks and appreciation also go to my academic mentor PROF.

DR. PRIYANKA RANAWAT in developing the projects and people
who have willingly me out with their abilities.

Regards
ANUJ SHARMA
 PREFACE

In this internship report I will describe my experiences during my

internship period. The internship report contains an overview of
the internship company and the activities, tasks and projects that
I have worked on during my internship. Writing this report, I also will
describe and reflect my learning objects and personal goals that I
have set during my internship period.
In compiling this report I have intended to provide a synthesis of
theoretical approaches and methods of implementing them in the
world of business. I have tried to discover the relationship between
theoretical and practical type of knowledge. I have tried to bridge
the gap between theoretical assumptions and practical necessities.
With these objectives, I have made all possible efforts and the
necessary investigations to submit this paper in an enlightened form
in a very short time. I have tried my level best to eliminate
errors from the paper. As I had to complete my internship within a
short period of time so the study admits its limitations.
 Executive summary

The internship is an integral part of the logistics industry. The

organization that choose for my internship project is J.C antiques
Pvt. Ltd. Jaipur.
The seven-week period of my internship in such a huge organization
gave me a real time exposure to know about the organization
working process. I made many itineraries over there with the help of
my comp any guide Mr. Ramesh Yadav (export manager) and he gave
me a lot of knowledge how to talk with industrialist people. All types
of logistics in India have registered phenomenal growth in the last
decade ever since the Indian government decide to boost revenues
from the logistics sector by projecting line as the ultimate logistics-
oriented nation.

THE basic objectives of my study were:

 To know about the basic of logistics industry
 To gain different industry knowledge
 To know more corporate people
 To know how logistics take place

Main summary in this project is to know about te logistics industry is

growing day by day . I came to know with the help of my seniors and
secondary data.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER 1
LOGISTIC INDUSTRY
1.1 INTRODUCTION AND ORIGIN
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE LOGISTICS
1.3 LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT FUNCTION
1.4 INDIAN LOGISTICS INDUSTRY
1.5 MEDIUMS OF LOGISTICS
CHAPTER 2
J.C ANTIQUES
2.1 PROFILE
2.2 MISSION
2.3 VISSION
2.4 FACTORY ESTABLISHMENTS
2.5 INFRASTRUCTURE
2.6 WE DESIGN IN
2.7 AWARDS & EXCELENCES
2.8 POLICY OF THE ORGANIZATION
2.9 SWOT ANALYSIS
2.1 COMPETITORS OF THE COMPANY
CHAPTER 3

DETAILED STUDY OF
LOGISTIC INDUSTRY
3.1 INCOTERMS
3.2 TYPES OF CONTAINERS
3.3 DIMENSIONS OF CONTAINERS
3.4 IMPORTS
3.5 EXPORTS
3.6 PAYMENTS TERMS
3.7 IES CODE
3.8 HS CODE
3.9 CUSTOM HOUSES AGENTS
3.11 HIGH SEA SALES
CHAPTER 4
LEARNINGS
4.1 LEARNING
4.2 EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
FINDINGS
SUGGESTIONS
CONCLUSIONS
4.5
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 LOGISTICS

Logistics is the management of the flow of goods, information and

other resource between the point of origin and the point of
consumption in order to meet some requirement of consumers.
Logistics involves the integration of information, transportation,
inventory, warehousing, material handling and packaging and
occasionally security.
The resource managed in logistics can included physical items, such
as food, materials, equipment, liquids, and staff as well as abstracts
items, such as time, information, particles and energy.
 ORIGIN

History and importance of logistics

Logistics management originated by the British Army far before the
outbreak of the First World War where a military supply chain
system was developed by building infrastructure such as; roads,
railroads, ports, airfields, supply stores and vehicles to transport
weapons and troops. In the United States, which started its
agricultural produce distribution across the continent in the late 19th
Century, there was a development of industrial goods distribution
system. This eventually led to the start of the official Logistics
Management Science in the US in 1964. The public sector has
adapted the logistics management into their business practice e up
until now.
.

LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT FUNCTION

Understanding the objectives of logistics management can help organizations to boost

profitability and enhance the customer experience. Therefore, implementing and executing
efficient logistics functions allow companies to gain a substantial competitive advantage.

1. Order Processing

Logistics operations tend to begin with order processing as it manages the entire workflow
that determines the orders are prepared and delivered to the customers. It is a vital part of
fulfilling the customer requirements, so it consists of major activities such as picking,
packaging, and delivering the goods.

Following an effective logistics strategy allows the organizations to receive, record,

assemble and distribute customer orders in the shortest period. It is imperative for business
owners as it is considered to be the key component of order fulfillment. There are five major
steps in order processing such as order placement, picking inventory, sorting, packing, and
shipping. Therefore, optimizing these activities are making the operations efficient and
accurate.

2. Material Handling

Logistics companies are responsible for managing the surplus goods within the warehouses.
It ensures that the goods are safely transported throughout the entire process starting from
manufacturing to distribution. Handling goods or materials can be a daunting task, therefore
the organizations should streamline the work activities and incorporate the relevant
equipment which is manual, semi-automated, and automated equipment. Moving stored
materials or products is an important function of logistics which can lower the
manufacturing cost and elevate the customer experience.

3. Inventory Management

It manages the crucial information about the flow and storage of goods by determining how
much stock is needed. It uses various valuable insights to keep the track of the goods and
maintain sufficient inventories. Inventory management in logistics helps in restocking and
predicting the demand in the supply chain op0erations.
Moreover, it determines the speed of production processes which is an efficient way to
make the decisions cost-effective. Nowadays, the just-in-time inventory is also becoming
popular as it increases efficiency by accurately forecasting demand and meeting the
customer requirements without investing much in manufacturing.

4. Warehouse Management

It is the major function in logistics management as it is essential in running day-to-day

operations in the warehouse and safeguarding the goods.It is advisable that the warehouses
should be nearby to the dealer or the distributors’ place can be beneficial to maintaining
timely delivery.

Moreover, storing the goods or products is critical to business growth. Thus, it has become
imperative to choose the right warehouse by analyzing the structure, layout, dimensions,
etc. Warehousing plays an important role in the supply chain so it is advisable to manage
and optimize the operations in the warehouses with real-time data for the efficient
functioning of the workflow.

5. Transportation

It is required throughout a company’s supply chain to run the operations efficiently which is
also useful in driving high levels of operational excellence. Companies are focusing on
keeping transportation costs under control with advanced routing practices and
following compliance and regulations.

Embracing a transportation network that responds to your organizational needs is

significantly optimizing the last-mile delivery and reducing transportation costs. Therefore, it
is known to be one of the major functions of logistics as it is driven by strategic planning and
determines the success of the supply chain ecosystem.

6. Packaging and Labelling

It is an important aspect of the supply chain as the packaging of the product or goods plays
a vital role in facilitating sales. Encasing a product into suitable packages and containers
with safety and customs regulations is extremely essential to enhance logistics functions.
Packaging should be done correctly to eliminate the breakage or spillage of the goods.

It also involves labeling which provides essential information about the goods such as date
of manufacturing and expiry, price ingredients, and so on. It is a critical element that is used
for damage prevention and enhancing material handling. proactive about this area of your
business.

7. Information and Control

The element of information and control allows the businesses to gain clear visibility of the
supply chain operations. It can help organizations to get real-time insightful data with new-
age technologies. Analyzing those data is useful in evaluating overall delivery effectiveness.
Therefore, embracing the latest technological innovations strengthens the business goals by
significantly impacting the decisions and making the operations more cost-effective.

In order to effectively manage fleets, the most important function of logistics is to

implement transparency in the entire supply chain process. Having a deep knowledge will
enable businesses to create strategies that are for meeting consumer demands.
INDIAN LOGISTICS INDUSTRY

The logistics industry in India is highly fragmented with a large number of

unorganized players. While there is a need for the highly fragmented Indian logistics
market to get more organised, there is also a need to reduce logistics cost to 10 per
cent by 2022 from about 14 per cent now. Only 10-15 per cent of the $215-billion
Indian logistics market is owned by organised players.

The Indian logistics industry has been gaining traction in the last few years and plays
a very important role in facilitating trade and thereby propelling the growth of the
Indian economy.

Several factors such as – improving infrastructure nationwide, opportunities in

emerging markets and channel alliances, urbanisation, faster adoption of newer
technologies and digitalization, increased consumer preference for the reduced
delivery time, and deployment of innovative techniques for a fast delivery of products
are all playing the role of a catalyst in fuelling the growth of the logistics industry in
India.

The logistics industry in india, considered to be the lifeline of the country, holds
unprecedented importance as it connects various markets, suppliers and customers
dotted across the country, and has now been firmly embedded as an integral part of the
national GDP value chain.

Despite the enhancement in the logistics performance index from the 54th Rank in
2016 to th 35th rank in 2018, India has substantial potential for improvement. The
Indian logistics sector provides livelihood to more than 22 million people and
improving the sector will facilitate 10 % decrease in indirect logistics cost leading to
the growth of 5 to 8% in exports.
GOVERNMENT POLICY in Logistic Industry
The Ministry of Commerce & Industry, estimates that presently the country spends
about 14% of its GDP on logistics which is much higher than Japan (11%) and the USA
(9-10%).

During the Union Budget 2020-21, the Government of India announced that a
National Logistics Policy will be released soon clarifying the roles of the Union
Government, State Governments and key regulators. Policy also talks about
reduction in the logistics cost to less than 10% of GDP by 2022.

With the implementation of GST, the Indian logistics market is expected to reach
about USD 215 billion in 2020, growing at a CAGR of 10.5 per cent.
4 MEDIUMS OF SHIPPING
Cargo transported under the terms of a waybill, irrespective of the quantity or number

of containers, packages, or pieces is called a consignment or a shipment.

Goods are mainly transported via four mediums, ie air, ocean, rail and surface. The

other mediums of transport, waterways and pipeline which aren’t the most popular

yet are critical in running an economy.

Air Transportation

The quickest and most expensive medium of transporting, air shipping is primarily

used for express delivery and is used for all courier transportation. The largest
companies in the world are Fedex, DHL, UPS, China Post, Sing Post and TNT .

Ocean Transportation

Research claims over 90% of goods in the are transported via ocean. It’s the most

ignored medium of transport by consumers which runs economies. Transporting via

ocean takes the longest time and is the cheapest.

Rail Transportation

Rail transport is the best medium for transporting bulk commodities. Most bulk

commodities globally are transported via rail for an incredible cost efficiency. The

government controls rail logistics in most developing nations while developed nations

allow private operators for higher efficiency.

Road Transportation

Road transportation accounts for a large percentage of transportation within a

country. Transporting by road allows great flexibility and visibility to the shipper, with

the types of trucks available and potential routes

LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT FUNCTION

Understanding the objectives of logistics management can help organizations to boost

profitability and enhance the customer experience. Therefore, implementing and executing
efficient logistics functions allow companies to gain a substantial competitive advantage.

Air Transportation

The quickest and most expensive medium of transporting, air shipping is primarily

used for express delivery and is used for all courier transportation. The largest
companies in the world are Fedex, DHL, UPS, China Post, Sing Post and TNT .

Ocean Transportation

Research claims over 90% of goods in the are transported via ocean. It’s the most

ignored medium of transport by consumers which runs economies. Transporting via

ocean takes the longest time and is the cheapest.

Rail Transportation

Rail transport is the best medium for transporting bulk commodities. Most bulk

commodities globally are transported via rail for an incredible cost efficiency. The

government controls rail logistics in most developing nations while developed nations

allow private operators for higher efficiency.

 CHAPTER 2:
JC ANTIQUES
2.1 PROFILE

Founded in 1998 by Mr. S.S. Charan and Mr. Vikas Jain, JC Antiques and Crafts is a leading
manufacturer and exporter of wooden furniture items. Mr. S.S. Charan has rich experience
in the banking and furniture manufacturing industries, while the Co-Founder of the
company Mr. Vikas Jain is a Financial expert with splendid managerial ability.

They have put forth tremendous efforts to bring JC Antiques and Crafts on a global
platform- ensuring that products and services that are offered, meet the international
standards of retail, wholesale, and E-commerce companies.

2.2 VISION
To continue to innovate, create, and care- for both our clients and the nature.

2.3 MISSION

To expand and make the unique J.C mark in the world of contemporary design and
furniture.
FACTORY ESTABLISHMENT
J.C Antiques and Crafts is located across 4 units and is spread over an enormous building
area of 3,50,000 Sq. Ft. Our factory units operate with a production capacity of 70*40 HC
containers per month.

Responsible sourcing methods are implemented to ensure that we comply with the
regulations of FSC, Earthworm, Vriksh, EUTR, and NEPCon. The raw material is sourced from
sustainable and certified sources. It is chemically treated, undergoes kiln drying, goes into
wood storage and further undergoes a machining process. Post the process, the wood is
assembled, given some upholstery if required, and is given a good finishing. It’s then packed
and transported to warehouses through containers to destination countires.

INFRASTRUCTURE
J.C Antiques and Crafts has an experienced and extremely skilled team of 1100+ workers on
board with us. Additionally, we have world-class German and Taiwan machinery, well-
maintained and calibrated equipment to ensure the required speed and accuracy throughout
the manufacturing process.

There are quality checkpoints at every level of our manufacturing process- during sourcing
raw material, treating the wood, machine processing, assembling, final production, and
during the finishing and sanding processes. We check for moisture, the accurate size, overall
product efficiency, colour, and many more. Also, we check whether the overall product
matches with the sample drawing. We ensure that the highest degrees of quality and
standards are implemented.

3,50,000+ SQ.FT. FACTORY IN JAIPUR

 1100+ EMPLOYEES

2000+ PRODUCTS

WE DESIGN IN
We have an incredible team of 6 expert creative designers who are on the constant move to
create innovative designs that fills the latest global trends.

Our company also collaborates with leading independent industry designers because we want
to bring nothing less than the best to our consumers.

We have skilled artisans working along with us who carve exquisite hand-carved designs.
The designs carved in wood reflect our culture and the art of our country.
We also make the best use of technology for perfection and accuracy. Hence, our team of
designers and workers utilize the potential of CNC to make sure that we offer nothing less
than the best to our clients.

Our finest designers create premium and eminent quality upholstery designs- all made in
selected, unique, and exclusive fabric.

J.C Antiques and Crafts goes the extra mile. Hence, our work isn’t limited to wood. We go
ahead by offering our services for Iron, Brass, Marble, and Glassworks. We also deal in
Natural Fibres, Premium Upholstery, and Digital Printing
 AWARDS & EXCELIENCE

1. National Awards for Export Growth from Epch- 2007-08

2. National Awards for Export Growth from Epch- 2008-09
3. Export House Certificate- 2009
4. Excellent Export Growth Awards from Epch- 2013-14
5. Star Export House Certificate – 2014
6. Awards For Best Designed & Display Stand In IHGF- Feb
2015
7. Awards For Best Designed & Display Stand In IHGF- April
2015
8. Excellent Export Growth Awards from EPCH 2015-16
9. One Star Export House Certificate 2018
10.The Humanity Excellence Awards From FORHEX-
2018
 POLICY OF THE ORGANIZATIONS

QUALITY
IT IS NOT AN ACT, IT IS HABBIT

We are extremely serious on quality and this fact is justified by our clients, majority of them

are with us for more than 10 years.

TIMELINESS
ALWAYS ON TIME

Everyone loves to have things on time, and we do care about being on time always. We put

extra efforts to complete even most challenging things on time.

VALUE FOR MONEY

BEST GOODS AT BEST PRICES
With quality it is required to have good prices, we balance both aptly. We are always very

economical & offer value for money.

CONFIDENTIALITY
YOUR DATA IS YOURS

We strictly believe that your design and data is yours ONLY. We do strictly follow

exclusivity with our customers. STRICTLY.

SOCEIETY
GIVE WHAT YOU TAKE

We believe that whatever we earn, we get it from society and we should pay it back by doing

good deeds for society.

SWOT ANALYSIS
 2.11 STRENGTHS
 360 DEGREE SERVICES
 WORLDWIDE NETWORK
 MORE THAN 2O YEARS OF TOP MANAGEMENT
 OFFICE LOCATED AT STRATEGIC LOCATIONS
 STRONG GLOBAL RELATIONS

2.12 WEAKNESSES
 YOUNG COMPANY
 NO VERY OWNERSHIP OF CONTAINERS
 NO OWNERSHIP OF SLOT ON VESSELS

2.13 OPPORTUNITIES
 LARGE NUMBER OF TABBED MARKET IN INDIA
 INCREASING REACH IN GLOBAL MARKET
 STRATEGIC RELATION WITH DIFFERENT ASSOCIATES GLOBALLY

2.14 THREATS
 HIGHLY COMPETITIVE MARKET
 FLUCTUATION OF FOREIGN CURRENCY
 FLUCTUATION OF DEMANDS AND SUPPLY V/S INFRASTRUCTURE
REQUIREMENT IN INDIA

COMPETITORS OF COMPANY

 RAJWADI EXPORT
 NATURAL FIBRE EXPORT
 HERITAGE
 WOODEN STREET
 APEX ART EXPORT
CHAPTER 3
PROJECTS: DETAILED STUDY OF INBOUND &
OUTBOUND INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS
ACTIVITIES
3.1 INCOTERMS
Short for “International Commercial Terms,” the Incoterms are a set
of globally recognized trade rules organized into 11 abbreviated
terms. First published in Paris in 1936, by the International Chamber
of Commerce (ICC), the Incoterms rules provide:
o Uniform interpretation of common contract clauses

primarily found in export and import transactions

o Illustration of the timing and division of costs and risks

between buyers and sellers

o Instructions to carriers, forwarders, customs brokers, banks

and other financial institutions involved in shipping goods

The Incoterms rules are not mandatory. They are not laws enacted
by governments, but rather, guidelines agreed to by parties to a
contract. Ultimately, it’s up to the buyer and the seller to agree to
each party’s responsibilities, as well as the cost and risk of a
shipment before it takes place.

.
Rules For Sea & Inland Waterway Transport:
FAS – Free Alongside Ship – the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the
vessel (e.g., on a quay or a barge) chosen by the buyer. The risk of loss of or damage to the
goods passes to the buyer when the goods are alongside the ship.

FOB – Free on Board – the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel chosen by the buyer
at the named port of shipment. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes to the
buyer when the goods are on board the vessel.

CFR – Cost and Freight – follows the same procedure as “Free On Board” but the seller must
contract for and pay the costs of freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of
destination.

CIF – Cost, Insurance and Freight – follows the same procedure as “Cost and Freight” but
the seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to
the goods during the carriage.

Rules for any mode of transport:

EXW – Ex Works – the seller delivers when it places goods at disposal of the buyer. They do
not need to load goods or clear them for export.

FCA - Free Carrier – seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by
the buyer at the seller’s premises or another specifically named place.

CPT – Carriage Paid To – seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person
nominated by the buyer. The seller must contract for and pay the costs of carriage
necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination.

CIP – Carriage And Insurance Paid To – the same as “Carriage Paid To” but the seller also
contracts for insurance cover against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods
during the carriage.

DPU – Delivered At Place Unloaded – the seller bears all risk involved in bringing the goods
to the place of destination and unloading them there. The risk is transferred to the buyer
when this has been done and customs clearance has been completed.

DAP – Delivered At Place – the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of
the buyer before being unloaded at the named place of destination. The seller bears all risks
involved in bringing the goods to the named place.

DDP – Delivered Duty Paid – the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of
the buyer and cleared for import before being unloaded at the destination. The seller has an
obligation to clear the goods not only for export but also for import, to pay any duties and
to carry out all customs formalities.
 3.2 TYPES OF CONTAINERS
1. General Purpose Containers
The general-purpose containers are the most commonly used category of
containers. These are also known as Dry Containers. They are used to ship dry
products, and they are fully enclosed from all sides, making them
weatherproof. These containers carry standard types of cargo.
They come in various sizes ranging from 40ft, 20ft, and 10ft. Some dry
containers might have flexi tank or linear bags to carry certain liquids or dry
bulk cargo.

2. Flat Rack Containers

Flat rack containers are ideal for carrying goods like heavy machinery, vehicles,
building materials, etc. These containers have collapsible sidewalls, which can
be folded to store cargo in a more accessible and efficient way. After loading
the shipment, the sidewalls can be unfolded, making it a secure way to
transport cargo.

3. Open Top Containers

As the name suggests, the roof or the top of the container is entirely
removable. This feature makes over-height products that cannot be loaded
traditionally from the front door easy to load. Likes of the product include tall
machinery and finished products that are tall in nature and can be loaded from
cranes or rail bridges only.

4. Double Door Containers

These containers have doors on both ends. It is also called a Tunnel container.
Having doors on both ends makes them very accessible for quick loading and
unloading of products. It also allows putting slightly wider products. Both the
doors have a similar locking scheme and are weatherproof, ensuring the safety
of the goods.
5. One Side Containers
One side container is very similar to the general-purpose containers. The only
noticeable difference between them that sets them apart is that the doors can
open entirely on the sides. Due to this capability, it creates a much wider space
to load and unload stuff. This container is ideal for materials that cannot be
loaded through the front doors. One side container is generally available in two
sizes, 20’ and 40’.

6. ISO Reefer Containers

The ISO reefer is an exceptional kind of container. These containers are
generally used for storing and shipping temperature-sensitive products or
materials. The most common examples of the products can be edibles like
fruits, vegetables, meat, etc. Keeping them at a specific temperature is
necessary; otherwise, they will rot before reaching their destination.
These containers are powered by an external power source to maintain the
specific internal temperature inside the container.

7. Insulated Containers
Similar to the last container mentioned above, this comes under the special
category of containers. The insulated containers share a lot in common with
the ISO Reefer container.
The only difference is that the thermal container has a regulated temperature
that can cope with high temperatures. They are attached to a mechanical
compressor to heat or cool the insides of the container. They carry items that
are easily affected by temperature, like blood, organs, food materials, etc.

8. Tank Containers
The design of a Tank container is very different from our traditional containers.
These containers are designed to carry liquid or fluid materials. They are made
up of strong steel and anti-corrosive materials.
9. Half Height Containers
They are most commonly used in transporting bulk cargo that is supposed to
be extremely heavy and dense in nature. Goods such as coal and stones are
the ideal stuff for half-height containers. The most area where these
containers are utilized is the Mining industry. They are designed in a way so
that they have a low center of gravity compared to our tall containers for
better handling. These are very robust and very easy to load and unload goods.

10. Car Carriers

These containers are specially designed for transporting newly manufactured
cars from one place to another. Most of the vehicles we use are imported, and
these containers help them reach their destination safely. These containers are
equipped with collapsible sides that allow the car to get loaded in the
container.
3.3 DIMENSIONS OF CONTAINERS
3.4 IMPORTS
3.4.0 IMPORT GENERAL MANIFEST

Once before arrival of cargo at destination port, the carrier has to file the details
of cargo arriving to such port of importing country with the Customs. The filing
of such details of cargo is called IGM filing (Import General Manifest filing). The
procedures to file IGM (Import General Manifest) are done by the carrier of
goods or his agent. Normally IGM is filed on the basis of Bill of Lading or Airway
bill, issued by the carrier. The IGM Import General Manifest contains the details
about shipper, consignee, number of packages, kind of packages, description of
goods, airway bill or bill of lading number and date, flight or vessel details etc.

3.4.1 BILLS OF ENTRY

Bill of Entry (BOE) is a legal document filed by importers or customs clearing
agents upon the arrival of imported goods. It is submitted to the Customs
Department of the origin country under the customs clearance process .

TYPES OF BILLS OF ENTRY

1. Bill of Entry for House Consumption: This is meant for commodities that the
importer will procure for self-consumption or specific business processes.

2. Bill of Entry for Warehousing: Also known as Bond Bill of Entry, this type is
issued when the importer is not willing to pay import duties at the time of
import. In this case, the importer can store the goods in a dedicated
warehouse until all dues are cleared at the Customs department.

3. Bill of Entry for Ex-Bond Goods: When the importer has to release goods
from the warehouse and overrule the BOE for Warehousing, a BOE for Ex-bond
Goods is issued.
3.4.2 DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED BY
IMPORTER

 Bill of Entry
 Commercial invoice
 Packing List
 Bill of Lading
 Foreign Exchange Control Form (Form A-1)
 Terminal Handling Receipt
 Certified Engineer’s Report
 Cargo Release Order
 Product manual
 Inspection report
3.5 EXPORTS
EXPORTS PROCEDURE FLOW CHARTS
 EXPORTS GENERAL MANIFEST
The Export General Manifest is a form that is filed by the shipping carrier at the time of the
shipping process, along with other shipping bills filed by the exporter.

SHIPPING BILL
An exporter, while sending goods from one country to another has to go through
various formalities including submitting various applications, acquiring licenses,
paying duties and so on. To acquire a clearance for export, from the Customs, an
exporter will have to submit an application called the ‘shipping bill’. One cannot load
the goods unless the exporter files the shipping bill. The export may be by air,
vehicle, or vessels.

TYPES OF SHIPPING BILLS

(1) Free Shipping Bill: It is used in case of goods which neither attract any duty nor entitled
for duty drawback. It is printed on simple white paper.

(2) Dutiable Shipping Bill: It is used in case of goods, which attract export duty. It may or may
not be entitled to duty drawback. It is printed on yellow paper.

(3) Drawback Shipping Bill: It is used in case when refund of duties is allowed on the goods
exported. Generally, it is printed on green paper, but when the drawback claim is paid to a
bank, then it is printed on yellow paper.

(4) Shipping bill for Shipment Ex-Bond: It is used in case of imported goods for re-export and
which are kept in bond. It is printed on yellow paper.

(5) Coastal Shipping Bill: It is used in case of shipment that is moved from one port to another
port, by sea, within India. It is not an export document. When bill goods are sent by sea, it is
called Shipping Bill and it is Airway bill when goods are sent by air.
 Commercial invoices
A commercial invoice is an export document that serves as legal evidence of a sale
transaction between the buyer and the seller. It is mainly used for clearance purposes with
regard to customs and helps in the determination and assessment of duties and taxes
payable. It contains the full description of goods sold, their quantities, and value as
previously agreed upon by the parties.

BILLS OF LADING
A bill of lading (BL or BoL) is a legal document issued by a carrier (transportation company)
to a shipper that details the type, quantity, and destination of the goods being carried. A bill
of lading also serves as a shipment receipt when the carrier delivers the goods at a
predetermined destination. This document must accompany the shipped products, no
matter the form of transportation, and must be signed by an authorized representative
from the carrier, shipper, and receiver.

PACKING LIST
A packing list is a document used in international trade. It provides the exporter,
international freight forwarder, and ultimate consignee with information about the
shipment, including how it's packed, the dimensions and weight of each package, and the
marks and numbers that are noted on the outside of the boxes.

CERTIFICATION OF ORIGIN
A Certificate of Origin (CO) is an important international trade document that certifies that
goods in a particular export shipment are wholly obtained, produced, manufactured or
processed in a particular country. They declare the ‘nationality’ of the product and also
serve as a declaration by the exporter to satisfy customs or trade requirements.

CERTIFICATION OF SAMPLING & ANALYSIS

A document attesting that specific goods have undergone specified testing with specified
results. In international trade, is usually the result of an agreement between the seller and
the buyer, or a requirement of one of their governments.
 DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED BY
EXPORTER
o Pro Forma Invoice
o Customs Packing List
o Country of Origin or COO Certificate
o Commercial Invoice
o Shipping Bill
o Bill of Lading or Airway Bill
o Bill of Sight
o Letter of Credit
o Bill of Exchange
o Export License
o Warehouse Receipt
o Health Certificates
CERTIFICATION OF WEIGHT
Weight certificate means a document, issued by a public weighmaster in a form approved
by the Department Division, that which certifies the accuracy of the weight of the
commodity measured.

LETTER OF CREDIT
A letter of credit, or a credit letter, is a letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer’s
payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount. If the buyer is
unable to make a payment on the purchase, the bank will be required to cover the full or
remaining amount of the purchase. It may be offered as a facility .

EXPORT PROCEDURES
Export is one of the major components of international trade. Exports facilitate international
trade and stimulate domestic economic activity by creating employment, production, and
revenues. Businesses export goods and services where they have a competitive advantage.

In general, an export procedure flows as stated below:

Step 1. Receipt of an Order
Step 2. Obtaining License and Quota
Step 3. Letter of Credit
Step 4. Fixing the Exchange Rate

Step 5. Foreign Exchange Formalities

Step 6. Preparation for Executing the Order
Step 7. Formalities by a Forwarding Agent
Step 8. Bill of Lading
Step 9. Shipment Advise to the Importer

Step 10. Presentation of Documents to the Bank

Step 11. The Realisation of Export Proceeds
 3.6 Payment Terms

Cash-in-Advance
With cash-in-advance payment terms, an exporter can avoid credit risk because payment is
received before the ownership of the goods is transferred. For international sales, wire
transfers and credit cards are the most commonly used cash-in-advance options available to
exporters. With the advancement of the Internet, escrow services are becoming another
cash-in-advance option for small export transactions.

Letters of Credit
Letters of credit (LCs) are one of the most secure instruments available to international
traders. An LC is a commitment by a bank on behalf of the buyer that payment will be made
to the exporter, provided that the terms and conditions stated in the LC have been met, as
verified through the presentation of all required documents. The buyer establishes credit
and pays his or her bank to render this service.

Documentary Collections
A documentary collection (D/C) is a transaction whereby the exporter entrusts the collection
of the payment for a sale to its bank (remitting bank), which sends the documents that its
buyer needs to the importer’s bank (collecting bank), with instructions to release the
documents to the buyer for payment. Funds are received from the importer and remitted to
the exporter through the banks involved in the collection in exchange for those documents.
Open Account
An open account transaction is a sale where the goods are shipped and delivered before
payment is due, which in international sales is typically in 30, 60 or 90 days. Obviously, this
is one of the most advantageous options to the importer in terms of cash flow and cost, but
it is consequently one of the highest risk options for an exporter. Because of intense
competition in export markets, foreign buyers often press exporters for open account terms
since the extension of credit by the seller to the buyer is more common abroad

Consignment
Consignment in international trade is a variation of open account in which payment is sent
to the exporter only after the goods have been sold by the foreign distributor to the end
customer. An international consignment transaction is based on a contractual arrangement
in which the foreign distributor receives, manages, and sells the goods for the exporter who
retains title to the goods until they are sold. Clearly, exporting on consignment is very risky
as the exporter is not guaranteed any payment and its goods are in a foreign country in the
hands of an independent distributor or agent.

3.7 IEC CODE (IMPORT-EXPORT CODE)

Import Export Code (also known as IEC code) is a 10-digit identification number that is
issued by the DGFT (Director General of Foreign Trade), Department of Commerce,
Government of India. It is also known as Importer Exporter Code. Companies and businesses
must obtain this code to start a business that deals with imports and export in the Indian
territory. It is not possible to deal with export or import business without this IEC code.

3.8 HS CODE (HARMONIZED SYSTEM)

Developed and managed by the World Customs Organization (WCO), HS code is known as
HSN code (Harmonized System of Nomenclature) in India. HSN coding is currently used
under Excise, Customs, and state Value Added Tax (VAT) laws.
3.9 CUSTOM HOUSE AGENT (CHA)

A customs house agent (CHA) is licensed to act as an agent for transaction of any business
relating to the entry or departure of conveyances or the import or export of goods at a
customs station. CHAs maintain detailed, itemized and up-to-date accounts. A CHA license
may be temporary or permanent.

3.10 HIGH SEA SALES (HSS)

High Sea Sales is a common sales practice carried out by the actual buyer and another buyer
while the goods are on high seas or before the goods have crossed the customs frontiers of
the specific country.
Learning and experiential learning
 LEARNING

I. Learning how to work in corporate.

II. Learned how people take work from others.
III. I learnt in corporate, the communication is keep on
changing as per the person.
IV. I learnt the procedure of import, export.
V. Learned different types of documentation for import
and export.
VI. Observed the documentation process of import and
export.
VII. I saw there live stuffing of goods in the containers.
VIII. After the stuffing in charge person put seal on the
containers.
 EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

I. The main thing about J.C Antique Pvt. Ltd. Which I would
like to appreciate the office environment which is really
very good and positives.
II. From one of the projects, I was able to make
comparison between the learning from books at college
and practical situation.
III. The lots if experiences derived, when I met 9-10
experienced persons of the big companies and did
interaction with them.
IV. With my experiences, now I can say that the students
can enter in any company.
V. I really enjoyed working with J C Antiques Pvt. Ltd. In
last seven week with loads of experiences by small and
big experiences at every activity done and observed.
 LIST OF QUESTIONS FOR THE
RESEARCH PROJECT

LEARNINGS OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS

VARIOUS PRODUCT *TYPES OF PRODUCT * WHICH PRODUCT EXPORT/
MANUFACTURED &
EXPORT/ IMPORT
IMPORT *QUANTITY OF PRODUCT
*WHICH COUNTRIES
*HOW MANY *WHAT THEY EXPECTING
IMPORT/EXPORT IN COUNTRIES FROM
VARIOUS ARE DOING WITH
COUNTRIES YOU? YOUR SIDE
*HOW MANY TIME YOU
*DOING BY AIR/ SEA DOING
BUSINESS WITH THEM
*HOW PROMOTING YOUR
PRODUCT IF THEM.
*HOW YOU IDENTIFIED OF
DEMAND
OF COUNTRIES
NATURE OF
BUSINESS SEASONAL *DOMESTIC/INTERNATIONAL
MANUFACTURING AREA DOING BUSINESS.
*WHAT IS YOUR TURN
OVER?
*ARE PRODUCT LIMITED
PRODUCT/
MASS PRODUCT
*TYPES OF
CONTAINERS CONTAINERS *20FIT
*40FIT
*HOW MANY CONTAINERS
IN
MONTH.
 SUGGESTIONS

FOR FIRM
 Companies or firms also play an important role in providing students
with guidance on what's appropriate with the courses learned by
students. Hence the firm should also provide any form of reward on the
work done by them. With the rewards or the effective guidance from the
firm itself can inspire the spirit of the student and can also attract them
to the field.
 The company should avoid giving different directions to students. This is
because students will feel confused when getting different instructions
from different staff. The mistakes in the assignment can be avoided if
the company provides correct and accurate instructions .

FOR STUDENT
 Students should be more competent and timely in doing the task given
so the company gives the trust to do something.
 Students should be prepared to handle various situations that often
occur in the management of an organization such as criticism, objection
or reprimand from the supervisor.
 CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion the student benefited a lot in the field attachment in a way that
the student managed to apply the theoretical knowledge from the university
into practice through the many activities/tasks/assignments the intern was
instructed to do.
The intern improved the skills like interpersonal, listening, presentation skills,
acting freely around people, typing skills, accounting, recording, presentation,
typing, conflict resolution, organizational skills to mention but a few. The
student learnt many lessons which included; how to create an accounting
system, how the working environment runs, etc. The student got different
ideas from the different people (employees) at the Organization and also
through interacting with other interns from NIM&C University and this
contributed a lot on the knowledge and experience.
Finally, internship was fun and therefore the student would encourage the
continue giving students this opportunity to do their academic requirement of
internship from their organization.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/LOGISTICS
2. BOOKS LEAN SUPPLY CHAIN AND LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT (1ST EDITION): PAUL
MYERSON

3. BOOKS INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS: THE MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

OPERATIONS (4TH EDITION): PIERRE A. DAVID

4. HTTPS://JCANTIQUES.COM/

5. HTTPS://WWW.LOGISTICSINSIDER.IN/