M.G.

KASHI VIDYAPITH, VARANASI

Three Years Degree Course Syllabus for
ZOOLOGY

(BASED ON UNIFORM SYLLABUS FOR U.P. STATE UNIVERSITIES)

B.Sc. (FIRST YEAR)

Max. Marks

PAPER I Lower Non Chordata (Protozoa- Helminths) 50

PAPER II Higher Non Chordata (Annelida- Echinodermata) 50
PAPER III Cell Biology and Genetics 50
PRACTICAL Practical Examination (based on theory papers) 50
TOTAL 200

Note: Duration of Theory Paper is of Three hours and duration of practical is of Four hours.

There will be three written papers and one practical examination.

Question No. 1 in each class will be compulsory & comprehensive based on units I to IV and of short
Answer type. This will carry 40% of total marks (i.e. 20 marks in I & II year and 30 marks in III
year). There will be two questions from each unit carrying 60% of the marks, of which one question
from each unit has to be attempted.

1
 B.Sc. – I Zoology (Paper-I)

Lower Non Chordata (Protozoa to Helminths) M.M. 50

The habits, morphology, physiology, reproduction, development (in outline) and classification of the
following groups of animals including a detailed study of the types given in each:

Unit-I

Protozoa - Euglena, Monocystis and Paramecium.

Unit-II

Porifera - Sycon

Unit-III

Coelenterata - Obelia and Aurelia

Ctenophora - Salient features

Unit-IV

Platyhelminthes - Fasciola (liver fluke) and Taenia (tape worm)

Nematehelminthes - Ancylostoma (hook worm)

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 B.Sc. – I Zoology (Paper-II)

Higher Non Chordata (Annelida to Echinodermata) MM : 50

The habits, morphology, physiology, reproduction, development (in outline) and classification
of the following groups of animals including a detailed study of the types given in each:

Unit-I

Annelida - Nereis

Unit-II

Arthropoda - Palaemon (prawn)

Unit-III

Mollusca -Pila (apple-snail)

Unit-IV

Echinodermata -Pentaceros (excluding development)

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 B.Sc. – I Zoology (Paper-III)

Cell Biology & Genetics MM: 50

Unit-I

Cell Biology I: Structure and function of cell, Ultra structure of Plasma membrane

Unit-II

Cell Biology II: Structure and function of cell organelles with special emphasis on mitochondria,
golgi bodies, nucleus, ribosome and endoplasmic reticulum.

Unit-III

Genetics-I: Structure of Chromosomes, Watson & Crick Model of DNA, Differences between
DNA & RNA, Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis. Mendel’s principles of heredity on
Chromosomal basis, Monohybrid cross, test cross, dihybrid cross, back cross
Incomplete dominance, Multiple Alleles, Blood group inheritance. Linkage and
crossing over, interaction of genes. The role of DNA in heredity.

Unit-IV

Genetics II: Sex determination, sex differentiation, prenatal detection of genetic diseases
(Amniocentesis), Sex-linked characters, Genetic diseases and abnormalities,
Chromosomal aberrations, Eugenics.

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 B.Sc. – I Zoology (Distribution of Marks for Practical Examination)

1- Dissection (Major) 12 Marks

2- Dissection (Minor) 05 Marks
3- One Temporary Mount 03 Marks
4- One Permanent Mount 05 Marks
5- Cytology & Genetics Preparation/Prepared slides 05 Marks
6- Identify and Comment upon spots (1-10) 10 Marks
7- Viva-Voce 05 Marks
8- Practical class record 05 Marks
Total 50 Marks
B.Sc. – I (ZOOLOGY) PRACTICAL SYLLABUS
PROTOZOA

(a) Amoeba : Examination of culture. Prepared Slide Amoeba proteus and A. verrucosa.
(b) Euglena : Culture examination for Euglena. Prepared slides.
(c) Monocystis : Examination of contents of seminal vesicles of Pheretima or Eutyphoeus
for different life- history stages and permanent preparation. Prepared slides.
(d) Plasmodium : Preparation of blood film (Leishmen’s stain). Prepared slides showing
the parasites.
(e) Paramecium
Culture examination.
(f) Demonstration of ciliary movements in Paramecium.
Addition to mucilage to restrain active movement. Treatment with Methyl green for
staining. Feeding experiment with Congo Red and Yeast. Trichocysts (discharged),
Prepared slides for structure, binary division and conjugation.
(g) Examination of pond water for different kinds of protozoa with special reference to
Arcella and Vorticella.
(h) Study of prepared slides :
Polystomella, Gregarina, Trypanosoma and Noctiluca.
(i) Examination of rectal protozoans Opalina, Balantidium and Nyctotherus.

PORIFERA

(a) Sycon
General characters
Spicules glycerine preparation.
Transverse and longitudinal sections-prepared slides.
(b) Gemmule of Spongilla permanent preparation.
(c) Different kinds of spnge spicules and sponging fibres of Euspongia-prepared slides.
(d) Euplectella (Venus,s flower-basket) Spongilla (fresh-water sponge), Euspongia (bath
sponge).
COELENTERATA
(a) Hydra
Live specimens.
Prepared slides of entire specimens.
Longitudinal and transverse sections-prepared slides.
(b) Obelia
Clolony-prepared slide.
Medusa-prepared slide.

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 (c) Aurelia
General morphology.
Tentaculocyst-prepared slide.
Prepared slides and models of life-history stages.
(d) Physalia (Portguese man of war), Corallium (red coral),
Fungia (Mushroom coral), Madrepora (staghom coral),
Pennatula (sea pen), Sagartia of Metridium (sea anaemone)
PLATHYHELMINTHES :
(a) Fasciola
Specimens in situ and prepared slides.
Transverse sections and prepared slides.
Larval forms-prepared slides.
(b) Taenia : Prepared slides of scolex, mature and gravid proglottids and transverse section
of mature proglottid.
(c) Planaria, Polystomum, Paramphistomum, Schistosma, Echinococcus and Dipylidium
Cysticercus (Bladder worm) and Cysticercoid.
(d) Examination of type worms of pigeon of fowl in situ
(e) Permanent preparation of mature and gravid proglottids of Cotugnia and Raellietina.
NEMATHELMINTHES
(a) Ascaris
External characters.
Dissected specimens of male of female.
Transverse section of male and female-prepared slides.
(b) Ascaris lumbricoides (from man) specimens Enterobius vermicularisi (from man).
Ancylostoma duodenale (from man) prepared slides.
ANNELIDA
(a) Nereis
External characters.
Dissected specimens.
Parapodium-permanent preparation.
Transverse sections-prepared slides.
(b) Pheretima
External characters.
Dissection.
Glycerine preparations of setae in situ and brain.
Permanent preparations of ovary and septal nephridia.
Prepared slides of transverse section through various regions.
(c) Heteronereis, Arenicola, Aphrodite, Eutypoeus, Dero, Branchellion, Haemadipsa,
Bonellia (female).

ARTHROPODA
(a) Palaemon
External characters; Examination of appendages.
Dissections.
Glycerine preparation of hastate plate.
Permanent and glycerine preparations of statocysts.

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 (b) Periplaneta
External characters. Differences between nmale and female.
Dissections.
Cirulation of blood in the wing of cockroach.
Glycerine preparation of mouth appendages, salivary glands and trachea.
Permanent preparations of salivary glands, Malpighian tubules, ovaries and testes.
(c) Anopheles and Cules
Glycerine preparation of mouth parts of male and female. Wings-prepared slides.
Life history-prepared slides.
Difference between Anopheles and Culex
(d) Musca
External characters.
Glycerine preparation of proboscis
(e) Daphnia, Cyclops, Balanus, Eupagurus (hermit crab) Scylla (crab), Sacculina (on crab).
Larval forms Nauplius, Zoaea), Lepisma (Silver fish), Schistocerca (locust),
Odontotermes
(white ant), Cimex (bed bug), Pediculus (louse), Papilio (butterfly), Bombyx (Silk
moth), Apis (honey- bee), Polistes (wasp), Camponotus (Black ant), Xenopsylla (rat
flea), or Ctenocephalus (dog flea), Thyroglutus (millipede), Scolopendra (centipede).
Lycosa (wolf-spider), Lxodes (trick), Limulus (King carb).

MOLLUSCA

(a) Lamellidens
External characters
Dissection
Permanent preparations of gill lamella.
Transverse section through middle region of body-prepared slides.
Glochidium (larva) prepared slides.
(b) Pila
External characters.
Dissection.
Permanent preparations of gill lamella and osphradium.
(c) Chiton, Teredo, Turbinellai (Shankh), Laevicaulis (slug), Doris, Aplysia, Dentalium
Nautilus, Sepia and Margaritifera (Pearl Oyster).

ECHINODERMATA
(a) Pentaceros:
External characters
Dissected specimens.
Pedicellaria-prepared slides.
Transverse section of arm-prepared slide.
(b) Echinus (Sea urchin), Ophiothrix (brittle star), Holothuria (sea cucumber) and Antedon
(feather star).
CYTOLOGY
(a) Cell-Structure – Prepared slides
(b) Cell Division – Prepared slides
(c) Preparation of giant chromosomes
(d) Preparation of onion root tip for the stages of mitosis

7
 M.G. KASHI VIDYAPITH, VARANASI
Three Years Degree Course Syllabus for
ZOOLOGY

(BASED ON UNIFORM SYLLABUS FOR U.P. STATE UNIVERSITIES)

B.Sc. (SECOND YEAR)

Max. Marks

PAPER I Chordata 50
PAPER II Animal distribution, Evolution and Developmental 50
Biology
PAPER III Physiology and Biochemistry 50
PRACTICAL PRACTICAL EXAMINATION (Based on Theory 50
Papers)
TOTAL 200

There will be three written papers and one practical examination.

Question No. 1 in each class will be compulsory & comprehensive based on units I to IV and of short
Answer type. This will carry 40% of total marks (i.e. 20 marks in I & II year and 30 marks in III
year). There will be two questions from each unit carrying 60% of the marks, of which one question
from each unit has to be attempted.

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 B.Sc. – II Zoology (Paper-I)

Chordata MM : 50

Unit- I

Hemichordata: Classification and detailed study (habit, morphology, anatomy, physiology and
development) of Balanoglossus

Cephalochordata: Classification and detailed study (habit, morphology, anatomy and physiology)
of Branchiostoma (Amphioxus).

Unit –II

Urochordata: Classification and detailed study (habit, morphology, anatomy, physiology and post
embryonic development) of Herdmania

Unit-III

Classification of different classes of vertebrates (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia,) up to order with

characters and examples. Poisonous and non poisonous snakes and biting mechanism. Neoteny

Unit-IV

Classification of different classes of vertebrates (Aves and Mammalian) up to order with characters
and examples. Dentition in mammals.

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 B.Sc. – II Zoology (Paper-II)

Animal distribution, Evolution and Developmental Biology MM: 50

Unit-I

Animal distribution: Geological and geographical distribution with their characteristic fauna; fossils.

Unit-II

Origin of Life, concept of species (classical & modern concept)

Evolution: Evidences (including physiological and serological); Theories of evolution (including

Neo-Lamarckism, Darwin-Wallace theory of natural selection, Neo-Darwinism, Modern
Synthetic theory). Evolution of Man. Mutation

Unit-III

Developmental Biology I:Aims and scope of Developmental Biology.

Gametogenesis, Fertilization, Egg: structure and types.
Types & patterns of cleavage

Unit-IV

Developmental Biology II: Process of Blastulation & Gastrulation. Fate Map.

Development of Chick up to formation of Primitive streak and mammal (in out line)
Extra embryonic membranes of chick.
Placentation and types of Placenta.

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 B.Sc. – II Zoology (Paper-III)

Physiology and Biochemistry MM: 50

General physiology (in outline) with special reference to mammals

Unit-I

Physiology of digestion, respiration, and blood and circulation

Unit-II

Physiology of excretion and osmoregulation, neural transmission, muscles

Unit-III

Physiology of endocrine system, thermoregulation

Unit-IV

General chemistry and classification of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins; Enzymes

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 B.Sc. – II Zoology (Distribution of Marks for Practical Examination)

1- Dissection (Major) 10 Marks

2- Permanent Mount 05 Marks
3- Comment upon Physiology Apparatus 05 Marks
4- (i) Suitable preparation of Hemin crystals from the blood 05 Marks
(ii) Detect the Sugar /albumin / acetone from urine sample
5- Stained Preparation of (i) Striped or Unstriped muscles 05 Marks
(ii) Cartilage (hand cut Section)
(iii) Blood film/Aereolar tissue
6- Identify and Comment upon spots (1-10) 10 Marks
7- Viva-Voce 05 Marks
8- Practical class record 05 Marks
Total 50 Marks

B.Sc. – II (ZOOLOGY) PRACTICAL SYLLABUS

Urochordata
(a) Herdmania
External characters
(i) Dissection
(ii) (a) Permanent preparation of branchial wall
(b) Section of test and glycerine prepration of spicules.
Glycerine and permanent prepration on neural gland complex ( neural
gland, nerve ganglion and dorsal tubrcele).
(iii) Larva and metamorphosis- prepared slides.
(b) (i) Thaliacea : Pyrosoma, Doliolum
(ii) Larvacea : Oikopleura .
Cephalochordata
Branchistoma ( Amphioxus )
(i) General features
(ii) (a) Permanent prepration of the pharyngeal wall
(b) Oral hood and velum- prepared slides
(c ) Transverse section through the body – prepared slides.
(d) Models illustrating development
Cyclostomata
Petromyzon ( Lamprey ) - External characters
Chondrichthyes
(a) Fish
(i) External characters
(ii) Exo-skeleton Glycerine and permanent preparation of placoid scales
(iii) Myotomes
(iv) Endoskeleton
(1) Axial skeleton
(a) skull
(b) Visceral Skeleton
(c) Vertebral column
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 (2) Appendicular skeleton
(a) Pectoral girdle and fins
(b) Pelvic girdle, fins and claspers
(c) Median fins
(v) Dissection
(a) Digestive system
Examination of the folds of stomach and “ scroll valve”
(b) Vascular system
Heart, ventral aorta, dorsal aorta, arterial arches ( afferent and efferent )
( c) Gills
(d) Urinogenital system
(e) Nervous system : Cranial nerves
(f) Internal ear
(g) Eye muscles
(h) Permanent preparation of ampullae of Lorenzini
(i) Section through various regions of the body of adult and embryo
(j) Embryo with yolk-sac placenta
(b) Pritis ( Saw fish ), Astrape ( Indian electric ray ) Chimaera ( rabbit fish ) Slide showing
development of placoid scales.
Osteichthyles
(a) Labeo rohita ( rohu )- General morphology and dissected specimen.
(b) Acipenser (sturgeon ), Lepiodosteous ( gar-pike ), Hippocampus ( sea hourse)
Antennarius ( Indian angler ), Angulla (eel), Pleuronectes ( sole ), Exocoetus (
flying fish ), Clarius ( cat fish ), Anabas ( climbing perch ) and Neoceratodus (
lungfish ).
(c) Different kinds of scales- prepared slides
Amphibia
(a) Rana tigrina ( The Indian bull-frog )
Development of frog from modles
(b) Urodela :
Necturus, Ambystoma and Axolotal larva
(c) Anura :
Bufo, Rhacophorus (tree frog), Alytes (midwife toad).
(d) Gymnophiona : Ichthyopnis
Reptillia
(a) Varanus
(i) External characters
(ii) Skeleton
(1) Axial Skeleton
(a) Skull
(b) Vertebral column
(c ) Ribs and sternum
(2) Appendicular Skeleton
(a) Pectoral girdle and fore-limb.
(b) Pelvic girdle and hind-limb.
(b) Lacertilla
Varanus ( Indian monitor ), Holoderma ( poisonous lizard )
Hemidactylus (wall lizard ),Chamaeleon ( garden lizard ) Draco
(flying lizard ).
(c ) Ophidia
Difference between poisonous and non-poisonous snakes, Naja (cobara),
Vipera ( viper), Typhlops ( burrowing snake ) and Python. Biting mechanism
of a poisonous snake (model).

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 (d) Chelonia : Derman armature
(e) Crocodilia : Difference between Alligator, Crocodile and Gavialis.
(f) Extinct reptiles, Models (five )
Dimetrodon, Diplodocus, Pteranodon, Tyrannosaurus and lchthyosaurus
Aves
(A) Columba livia intennedia (pigeon)
(i) Esternal Characters. Structure of Feather. Varieties of feathers. Developments of
feather-prepared slide.
(ii) Skeleton of fowl Axial skeleton:
(a) Skull
(b) Vertebral column
(c) Ribs and sternum

(2) Appendicular skeleton.

(a) Pectoral girdle and fore-limb
(b) Pelivic girdle and hind-limb.

(B) (i) Archaeornithes-Archaeopteryx (cast)

(ii) Neornithes:
(a) Palaeognathae: Struthio (ostrich);
(b) Neognathae: Gallus (fowl), Anser duck, Corvus (crow) , Psuttacuka
(parrot) and Pavo (peacock).
Perching mechanism: Model
Skulls and Beaks of Birds.
Feet of birds: Models
(C) Embryonic membrances-whole mount of 72 hour’s chick embryo

Mammalia
(A) (i) Prototheria: Ornithorhynchus (Platypus)
(ii) Metatheria : Macropus (Kangaroo).
(iii) Eutheria :
(a) Edentata: Dasypus (Armadillo)
(b) Pholidota: Manis (Scaly ant-eater).
(c) Cetacea: Platanista (Ganges dolphin).
(d) Perissodactyla: Equus cabalus (horse), Equus vulgaris (ass), Equus zebra
(zebra), Rhinoceros unicornis (rhinoceros).
(e) Artictyla: Camelus dromedaries (A rabian camel), Giraffa camelopardalis
(giraffe) Box (ox), Ovis (sheep), Capra (goat), Cervus (deer), Sus (dog).
(f) Proboscidea: Elephas indicus (elephant).
(g) Carnivora: Felis domesticus (Cat), Panthera leo (lion), Acinonyx tigris
(Cheetah), Canis familiari (dog), Ursus (bear) Hyaena (hyanea), Phoca
(seal)
(h) Rodentia: Mus (domestic rat), Hystrix (Porcupine)
(i) Lagomorpha: Lepus and Oryctolagus (hare and rabbit)
(j) Insectivora: Erinaceus (hedge-hog), Crocidura (chhachhundar)
(k) Chiroptera: Pteropus (Flying-fox).
(l) Primates: Macaca (rhesus monkey), Hylobates (gibbon), Simia (Orang-
utan), Anthropo pithecus (chimpanzee), Gorilla, Homo sapiens (man).

14
Histology

(i) Tissues: Preparation of the following

(a) Epithelia:
(i) Squamous (ii) Ciliated and (iii) Stratified
(b) Muscular:
(i) Striped muscles (ii) Unstriped muscles.
(c) Connective
(i) Areolar tissue (ii) Tendon the leg muscles of frog (tease and examine in
glycerine)
(ii) Adipose tissue from insect and frog (iv) cartilage (free hand sections of frogs
hyoid and suprascapula, train with haematoxyline and (v) Bone (Decalcified).
(d) Blood; Preparation of Vertebrate blood film, stain with Leishmann’s stain.
(e) Nervous: Neurons
(f) Histology of various organs-prepared slides.
Physiology
(i) Experiments to be performed by candidates: Test for amylase. Osmolarity of
blood, Hemin crystals and test for sugar and acetone in urine Determination of
haemoglobin % in blood sample (s).
(ii) Detection of amino acids in blood of an animal by paper chromatography.

General :
Candidates will be required, to show knowledge of the method of microscopic
techniques and to examine, describe or dissect the types prescribed. Candidates will
also be required to submit their notebooks containing a complete record of laboratory
work initiated and dated by the teacher for the determination of result of examination.

15
 M.G. KASHI VIDYAPITH, VARANASI
Three Years Degree Course Syllabus for
ZOOLOGY

(BASED ON UNIFORM SYLLABUS FOR U.P. STATE UNIVERSITIES)

B.Sc. (THIRD YEAR)

Max. Marks

PAPER I Applied and Economic Zoology 75

PAPER II Biotechnology, Immunology, Biological Tools & 75
Techniques and Biostatistics
PAPER III Ecology, Microbiology, Animal Behavior, Pollution 75
and Toxicology
PRACTICAL PRACTICAL EXAMINATION (based on theory 75
papers)
TOTAL 300

Note: There will be three written papers and one practical examination.

Question No. 1 in each class will be compulsory & comprehensive based on units I to IV and of short
Answer type. This will carry 40% of total marks (i.e. 20 marks in I & II year and 30 marks in III
year). There will be two questions from each unit carrying 60% of the marks, of which one question
from each unit has to be attempted.

16
 B.Sc. – III Zoology (Paper-I)

Applied and Economic Zoology MM: 75

Unit-I
Parasitology:

(a) Structure, life cycle, pathogenicity, including diseases, causes, symptoms and control of
the following parasites of domestic animals and humans: Trypanosoma, Giardia and
Wuchereria,

Unit-II

Vectors and pests: Life cycle and their control of following pests:
Gundhi bug, Sugarcane leafhopper, Rodents.
Termites and Mosquitoes and their control

Unit-III

Animal breeding and culture: Aquaculture, Pisciculture, Poultry, Sericulture, Apiculture,

Lac-culture.

Unit-IV

Wild Life of India: Endangered species. Important sanctuaries; national parks of India; Different
projects launched for the preservation of animal species; in-situ and ex-situ conservation of
wild life.

17
 B.Sc. – III Zoology (Paper-II)

Biotechnology, Immunology, Biological Tools and Techniques and Biostatistics MM: 75

Unit-I

Biotechnology: Genetic Engineering (concept and recombinant DNA technology) and its
application in agriculture & medical areas and energy production. Biotechnology of food-
processing, pharmaceuticals (e.g. use of microbes in insulin production) and fermentation.

Unit-II

Immunology. Concepts of immunity, types of immunity, Antigen and Antibodies, vaccines of

different diseases and immunological reactions.

Unit-III

Biological Tools and Techniques: Principles and uses of instruments: pH Meter, Calorimeter,
Microtome, Spectrophotometer & Centrifuge.
Microscopy (light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy)
Chromatography and Electrophoresis.

Unit-IV

Biostatistics: Sampling, Measures of central tendency (mean, median and Mode) and dispersion
(variance, standard deviation and standard error); Correlation and Regression

18
 B.Sc. – III Zoology (Paper-III)

Ecology, Microbiology Animal Behavior and Pollution and Toxicology MM: 75

Unit- I

Ecology: Ecosystem: Concept, components, fundamental operations, energy flow, food-chain, food
webs and trophic levels, ecological niche, abiotic and biotic factors. Population:
Characteristics and regulation. Ecological succession. Adaptation: Aquatic, terrestrial,
aerial and arboreal.

Unit-II

Microbiology: Morphology, physiology and infection (outline) of bacteria and viruses. Bacterial and viral
diseases.

Unit-III

Animal Behavior: Introduction to Ethology, Patterns of behavior (taxes, reflexes, instinct and
motivation); biorhythms; learning and memory, Migration of fishes & birds.

Unit-IV

Pollution and Toxicology: Concept, sources, types (air, water, soil, noise & radiation), and control of
environmental pollution. Exposure of toxicants (routes of exposure, and duration and
frequency of exposure); dose -response relationship categories of toxic effects.

19
 B.Sc. – III Zoology (Distribution of Marks for Practical Examination)

1- Dissection (Major) 12 Marks

2- Permanent Mounting 06 Marks
3- Temporary Mounting 05 Marks
4- Identify and Comment upon Spots (1-8) 16 Marks
5- Economic Zoology (Comments on a suitable
Specimen/ life cycle of Silk worm, Honey bee,
Lac insect & Food Fishes) (02) 06 Marks
6- Biological Tools and Techniques (Comment) 06 Marks
7- Biostat / Microbiology / Immunology / Behavior 06 Marks
8- Ecology/ Pollution/ Toxicology (Exercise or Comment 06 Marks
9- Viva-voce 06 Marks
10- Practical Class record / Project / Collection 06 Marks
Total 75 Marks

B.Sc. – III (ZOOLOGY) PRACTICAL SYLLABUS

• Permanent Preparation of: Euglena, Paramecium and rectal protozoans from frog.
• Stool examination for different intestinal parasites.
• Study of prepared slides/ specimens of Entamoeba, Giardia, Leishmania, Trypanosoma,
Plasmodium, Fasciola, Cotugnia, Taenia, Rallietina, Polystoma Paramphistomum,
Schistosoma, Echinococcus, Dipylidium, Enterobius, Ascaris and Ancylostoma;
• Permanent Preparation of Cimex (bed bug)/ Pediculus (Louse), Haematopinus (cattle louse),
fresh water annelids, arthropods; and soil arthropods.
• Larval stages of helminths and arthropods.
• Permanent mount of wings, mouth parts and developmental stages of mosquito and house fly.
Permanent preparation of ticks/ mites, abdominal gills of aquatid insects viz. Chironomus
larva, dragonfly and mayfly nymphs, preparation of antenna of housefly.
• Collection and identification of pests.
• Life history of silkworm, honeybee and lac insect.
• Different types of important edible fishes of India.
• Prepared slides of plant nematodes.
• Demonstration of counting of cells (blood and protozoan) by haemocytometer,
haemoglobinometer, pH meter, Colorimeter
• Microbiological Techniques: Media Preparation and sterilization, inoculation and
Monitoring.
• Study of an aquatic ecosystem, its biotic components and food chain.
• Preparation of chromosomes, Test for carbohydrate Photochemical demonstration of proteins
and lipids, using hand sections using hand sections, endocrine glands (Neurosecretory cells)
of cockroach.
• Demonstration of developmental stages of chick.

• Project Report/ model chart making.

• Dissections :
• Cockroach : Central nervous system
• Wallago : Afferent and efferent branchial vessels, Cranial nerves, Weberian ossicles.
• Practical exercises based on Biostatistics, Microbiology, Immunology, Biotechnology,
Animal Behavior, Pollution & Toxicology.

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