FOREWORD ‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﺎر‬

The Iranian Petroleum Standards (IPS) reflect the ‫( ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه دﻳﺪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬IPS) ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
views of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum and ‫وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻔﺖ‬
are intended for use in the oil and gas production
،‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ و ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬،‫ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬،‫و ﮔﺎز‬
facilities, oil refineries, chemical and
petrochemical plants, gas handling and processing ‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و ﻓﺮاورش ﮔﺎز و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬
installations and other such facilities. .‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
IPS is based on internationally acceptable ‫ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
standards and includes selections from the items ‫ﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺰﻳﺪهﻫﺎﺋﻲ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
stipulated in the referenced standards. They are
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎت ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻛﺸﻮر‬.‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
also supplemented by additional requirements
and/or modifications based on the experience ‫ ﻣﻮاردي‬،‫و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻻ از ﺑﺎزار داﺧﻠﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻴﺎز‬
acquired by the Iranian Petroleum Industry and .‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ اﺻﻼﺣﻲ در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
the local market availability. The options which
are not specified in the text of the standards are ‫ﻣﻮاردي از ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ آورده ﻧﺸﺪه‬
itemized in data sheet/s, so that, the user can ‫اﺳﺖ در داده ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺷﻤﺎره ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
select his appropriate preferences therein.
.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
The IPS standards are therefore expected to be ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﺷﺪه‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
sufficiently flexible so that the users can adapt .‫اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
these standards to their requirements. However,
‫ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪيﻫﺎي ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ را ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
they may not cover every requirement of each
project. For such cases, an addendum to IPS ‫ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص‬.‫ﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪ‬
Standard shall be prepared by the user which ‫ اﻳﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪ‬.‫آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
elaborates the particular requirements of the user.
This addendum together with the relevant IPS ‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ آن ﭘﺮوژه و ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎر‬،‫ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬
shall form the job specification for the specific .‫ﺧﺎص را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ داد‬
project or work.
The IPS is reviewed and up-dated approximately ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻫﺮ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎل ﻳﻜﺒﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار‬
every five years. Each standards are subject to ‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و روزآﻣﺪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
amendment or withdrawal, if required, thus the
latest edition of IPS shall be applicable ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردي ﺣﺬف و ﻳﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﺑﻪ آن اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ‬
.‫ﻫﻤﻮاره آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The users of IPS are therefore requested to send ‫ درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎ و‬،‫از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
their views and comments, including any ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات اﺻﻼﺣﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮارد‬
addendum prepared for particular cases to the
following address. These comments and ‫ ﻧﻈﺮات و‬.‫ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ ارﺳﺎل ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺧﺎص ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدهاﻧﺪ‬
recommendations will be reviewed by the relevant ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ در ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و در‬
technical committee and in case of approval will
be incorporated in the next revision of the ‫ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ در ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬
standard. .‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
Standards and Research department ‫ ﻛﻮﭼﻪ‬،‫ ﺧﺮدﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬،‫ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎن ﻛﺮﻳﻤﺨﺎن زﻧﺪ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮان‬،‫اﻳﺮان‬
No.19, Street14, North kheradmand 19 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ﭼﻬﺎردﻫﻢ‬
Karimkhan Avenue, Tehran, Iran . ‫اداره ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ‬
Postal Code- 1585886851 1585886851 : ‫ﻛﺪﭘﺴﺘﻲ‬
Tel: 88810459-60 & 66153055 66153055 ‫ و‬88810459 - 60 : ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬
Fax: 88810462 021-88810462 : ‫دور ﻧﮕﺎر‬
Email: Standards@nioc.org Standards@nioc.org :‫ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
GENERAL DEFINITIONS: :‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
Throughout this Standard the following .‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬
definitions shall apply.

COMPANY : :‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬
Refers to one of the related and/or affiliated ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ‬
companies of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum ‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ‬،‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﮔﺎز اﻳﺮان‬،‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
such as National Iranian Oil Company, National
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ و ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺶ و ﭘﺨﺶ ﻓﺮآوردهﻫﺎي‬
Iranian Gas Company, National Petrochemical
Company and National Iranian Oil Refinery And .‫ﻧﻔﺘﻲ اﺗﻼق ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
Distribution Company.

PURCHASER: :‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬
Means the "Company" where this standard is a ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ "ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ" ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﺳﻔﺎرش‬
part of direct purchaser order by the "Company", ‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ آن "ﺷﺮﻛﺖ" ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻳﺎ "ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎري" ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ‬
and the "Contractor" where this Standard is a part
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﻗﺮارداد آن اﺳﺖ‬
of contract document.

VENDOR AND SUPPLIER: :‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه و ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬

Refers to firm or person who will supply and/or ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎي‬
fabricate the equipment or material. .‫ﻣﻮرد ﻟﺰوم ﺻﻨﻌﺖ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
CONTRACTOR: :‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر‬
Refers to the persons, firm or company whose ‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدش‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ‬
tender has been accepted by the company. .‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺼﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
EXECUTOR: :‫ﻣﺠﺮي‬
Executor is the party which carries out all or part ‫ﻣﺠﺮي ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ اﺗﻼق ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از ﻛﺎرﻫﺎي‬
of construction and/or commissioning for the .‫اﺟﺮاﺋﻲ و ﻳﺎ راه اﻧﺪازي ﭘﺮوژه را اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ‬
project.

INSPECTOR: :‫ﺑﺎزرس‬
The Inspector referred to in this Standard is a ‫ﮔﺮوه ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪاي اﺗﻼق‬/‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎزرس ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد‬
person/persons or a body appointed in writing by ‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻧﺼﺐ‬،‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺒﺎً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ‬
the company for the inspection of fabrication and
.‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
installation work.

SHALL: :‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
Is used where a provision is mandatory. .‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺟﺒﺎري اﺳﺖ‬
SHOULD: :‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬
Is used where a provision is advisory only.
.‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ ﺿﺮورت اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬

WILL: :‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ‬
Is normally used in connection with the action by ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
the "Company" rather than by a contractor, .‫ﻧﻈﺎرت "ﺷﺮﻛﺖ" ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
supplier or vendor.

MAY: :‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬

Is used where a provision is completely .‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺧﺘﻴﺎري ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
discretionary.
 IPS-C-CE-200(1)

CONSTRUCTION STANDARD

FOR

CONCRETE STRUCTURES

FIRST REVISION
FEBRUARY 2009

‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺮاي‬

‫ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬

‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ اول‬
1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬

This Standard is the property of Iranian Ministry of ‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺣﻘﻮق آن ﻣﺘﻌﻠـﻖ ﺑـﻪ‬.‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ‬
Petroleum. All rights are reserved to the owner. Neither ‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ‬،‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ آن ﺑﻮده و ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪون رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
whole nor any part of this document maybe disclosed to any ،‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬،‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﺎ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ‬،‫از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
third party, reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior .‫ﻳﺎ روش دﻳﮕﺮي در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻓﺮاد ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
written consent of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum.
 Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬ IPS-C-CE-200(1)

Page
CONTENTS: :‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
No
4 ...................................................... ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1
1. SCOPE................................................................ 4
4 ............................................................. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
2. REFERENCES .................................................. 4
8 ................................................ ‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و واژﮔﺎن‬-3
3. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY......... 8
8 .............................................. ‫ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت و ﻋﻼﺋﻢ‬-4
4. NOTATIONS & SYMBOLS ............................ 8
8 ............................................................ ‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬-5
5. UNITS................................................................. 8
8 ............................................................. ‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬-6
6. MATERIALS ..................................................... 8
8 ................................................... ‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎ‬1-6
6.1 Cements ....................................................... 8
8 ................................................ ‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬2-6
6.2 Aggregates................................................... 8
11 ........................................................... ‫ آب‬3-6
6.3 Water ........................................................... 11
12 ............................................. ‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﮔﺬاري‬4-6
6.4 Steel Reinforcement.................................... 12
12 ................................................. ‫ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎ‬5-6
6.5 Admixtures.................................................. 12
14 ............................................. ‫ اﻧﺒﺎرش ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬6-6
6.6 Storage of Materials ................................... 14
14 ............................................. ‫ آزﻣﻮن ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬7-6
6.7 Test of Materials ......................................... 14
14 ..................................................... ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت دوام‬-7
7. DURABILITY REQUIREMENTS ................. 14
14 ........................ ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ و آب ﺷﺪﮔﻲ‬1-7
7.1 Freezing and Thawing Exposures............. 14
15 .............................. ‫ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬2-7
7. 2 Corrosion Protection ................................. 15
17 ............................. ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﻫﺎ‬3-7
7.3 Sulfate Exposure......................................... 17
18 .................................... ‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬4-7
7.4 Water-Cement Ratio .................................. 18
19 ........................................... ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺿﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ‬5-7
7.5 Concrete for Wear Resistance ................... 19
19 .................................................. ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﻲ‬6-7
7.6 Shotcrete...................................................... 19
19 ........................... ‫ اﺧﺘﻼط و ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬،‫ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ‬-8
8. CONCRETE QUALITY,
MIXING AND PLACING.................................... 19

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19 ...................................................... ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-8
8.1 General ........................................................ 19
20 ...................... ‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺘﻦ‬2-8
8.2 Selection of Concrete Proportions ............ 20
21 ......................................... ‫ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﺑﺘﻦ‬-9
9. EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE
OF CONCRETE .................................................. 21
21 .............................................. ‫ ﺗﻮاﺗﺮ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬1-9
9.1 Frequency of Testing.................................. 21
21 .................... ‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬2-9
9.2 Laboratory-Cured Specimens ................... 21
22 ......................... ‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﻛﺎرﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬3-9
9.3 Field-Cured Specimens .............................. 22
22 .. ‫ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬4-9
9.4 Investigation of Low-Strength Test
Results........................................................... 22
23 .......... ‫ آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬5-9
9.5 Preparation of Equipment
and Place of Deposit ......................................... 23
23 ...................................................... ‫ اﺧﺘﻼط‬6-9
9.6 Mixing.......................................................... 23
25 ............................................... ‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ‬7-9
9.7 Testing of Concrete..................................... 25
26 ........................ ‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﺘﻦ‬،‫ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ‬-10
10. HANDLING, WORKING AND
CURING OF CONCRETE .................................. 26
26 ................................. ‫ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬1-10
10.1 Handling of Concrete on Site................... 26
27 ................................................. ‫ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ‬2-10
10.2 Depositing.................................................. 27
27 ........................................ ‫ اﺟﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬3-10
10.3 Working of Concrete................................ 27
29 ................................................ ‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬4-10
10.4 Curing........................................................ 29
37 ................................... ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در زﻳﺮ آب‬5-10
10.5 Concreting Under Water ......................... 37
38 .................................... ‫ ﻣﻼت ﻫﺎ و دوﻏﺎب ﻫﺎ‬6-10
10.6 Mortars and Grouts ................................. 38
38 ......... ‫ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ و ﺣﻔﺮهﻫﺎ در ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬7-10
10.7 Instulation of Pipes and Holles
In Concrete Structures.................................... 38
38 ...................................................... ‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي‬-11
11. FORMWORK ................................................. 38
38 ........................................ ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-11
11.1 General Considerations............................ 38

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39 ......................... ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي‬2-11

11.2 Formwork Design Considerations .......... 39
40 .............................................. ‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬3-11
11.3 Materials for Formwork .......................... 40
41 ...................................‫ ﻣﻮارد ﺳﺎزهاي اﺟﺮاﺋﻲ‬4-11
11.4 Constructional Aspect .............................. 41
44 ... ‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺮاي روﺷﻬﺎي ﺧﺎص ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و اﺟﺮا‬5-11
11.5 Formwork for Special Methods
of Construction ................................................ 44
45 .......... ‫ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه‬6-11
11.6 Acceptance of Finishing Formed
Surfaces ..................................................... 45
46 ............................................... ‫ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﺮك‬7-11
11.7 Crack Control ........................................... 46
46 .....................(‫ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ و اﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﻲ )ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‬-12
12. CONSTRUCTION AND
CONTRACTION (CONTROL) JOINTS ........... 46
46 .......................................... ‫ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‬1-12
12.1 Construction Joints .................................. 46
46 ........................... (‫ درزﻫﺎي اﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﻲ )ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‬2-12
12.2 Contraction (Control) Joints ................... 46
47 ........................................ ‫ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﺑﻨﺪي‬-13
13. DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT.............. 47
47 ....................................... ‫ ﻗﻼﺑﻬﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬1-13
13.1 Standard Hooks ........................................ 47
47 ......................................... ‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﻢ‬2-13
13.2 Minimum Bend Diameters....................... 47
48 .................................................‫ ﺧﻢ ﻛﺮدن‬3-13
13.3 Bending...................................................... 48
48 .............................. ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺳﻄﻮح آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬4-13
13.4 Surface Conditions of Reinforcement..... 48
48 ............................................. ‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﺑﻨﺪي‬5-13
13.5 Placing Reinforcement ............................. 48
49 ............... ‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﮔﺬاري‬6-13
13.6 Spacing Limits for Reinforcement .......... 49
51 .......................... ‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ روي آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬7-13
13.7 Concrete Protection for Reinforcement . 51

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1. SCOPE ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1

This Construction Standard covers the minimum ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
technical requirements for construction of plain, ‫ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬،‫ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه‬،‫ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬،‫ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ و اﻋﻀﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺳﺎده‬
reinforced, prestressed, precast and composite
.‫و اﻋﻀﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
concrete elements and structures.
‫ﻛﻪ روﺷﻬﺎ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎ‬
It defines methods and tests for material selection
and admixtures. Presents guidelines for ‫ راﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از‬.‫را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
prevention of concrete deterioration and steel .‫ از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺘﻦ و ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻓﻮﻻد‬
corrosion from constructional view point. It also
includes methods for sampling, mixing, ،‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺷﺎﻣﻞ روش ﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري‬
conveying, placing, curing, hot and cold weather ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي و ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم و‬،‫ ﺣﻤﻞ‬،‫اﺧﺘﻼط‬
concreting.
.‫ﺳﺮد ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Note 1: :1 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
This standard specification is reviewed and ‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ‬1377 ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد در آذر ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
updated by the relevant technical committee on ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و روز آﻣﺪ ﺷﺪ و ﻣﻮارد ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان‬
Dec. 1998, as amendment No. 2 by circular No.
.‫ اﺑﻼغ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬174 ‫ ﻃﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬2 ‫اﺻﻼﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
174.

Note 2: :2 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
This standard specification is reviewed and ‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ‬1384 ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد در ﻣﺮداد ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
updated by the relevant technical committee on ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و روز آﻣﺪ ﺷﺪ و ﻣﻮارد ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان‬
Aug. 2005, as amendment No. 2 by circular No.
.‫ اﺑﻼغ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬261 ‫ ﻃﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬2 ‫اﺻﻼﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
261.

Note 3: :3 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
This bilingual standard is a revised version of the ‫ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻓﻮق‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد دو زﺑﺎﻧﻪ‬
standard specification by the relevant technical ‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ‬1387 ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﻬﻤﻦ ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
committee on February 2009, which is issued as
‫ از اﻳﻦ‬.‫( اراﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‬1) ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
revision (1). Revision (0) of the said standard
specification is withdrawn. .‫( اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﺴﻮخ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬0) ‫ﭘﺲ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬

Note 4: :4 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
In case of conflict between Farsi and English ‫ ﻣﺘﻦ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬،‫در ﺻﻮرت اﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ و اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬
languages, English language shall govern. .‫ﻣﻼك ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
2. REFERENCES ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
Throughout this Standard the following dated and ‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار و‬
undated standards/codes are referred to. These ‫ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪي ﻛﻪ در‬،‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬.‫ﺑﺪون ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ زﻳﺮ اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
referenced documents shall, to the extent specified
‫ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻳﻦ‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ‬
herein, form a part of this standard. For dated
references, the edition cited applies. The ‫ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬،‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار‬.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
applicability of changes in dated references that ‫ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻼك ﺑﻮده و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ در‬
occur after the cited date shall be mutually agreed
upon by the Company and the Vendor. For ‫ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ و ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬،‫آﻧﻬﺎ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
undated references, the latest edition of the ‫ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬.‫اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
referenced documents (including any supplements
.‫اﻧﻀﻤﺎم ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﺻﻼﺣﺎت و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎي آن ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
and amendments) applies.

4
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Note: For clauses of this standard which is ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
referred to Iranian standards, other relevant ‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬،‫اﻳﺮان ارﺟﺎع ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
international standards may be superseded by
company.
.‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺷﻮد‬

ACI (AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE) (‫ )ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ACI

ACI 117-1990 "Standard Specification ‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي‬ ACI 117-1990

for Tolerances for ‫رواداريﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
Concrete
"‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬
Construction and
Materials"

ACI 201.2R-01 "Guide to Durable "‫"راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎدوام‬ ACI 201.2R-01
Concrete"

ACI 212.4R-04 "Guide for the Use of ‫"راﻫﻨﻤﺎي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي‬ ACI 212.4R-04
High-Range Water- ‫ﭘﺮداﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه آب )ﻓﻮق روان‬
Reducing Admixtures
"‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه( در ﺑﺘﻦ‬
(Superplasticizers) in
Concrete"

ACI 224-3R-95 "Joints in Concrete "‫"درزﻫﺎ در ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬ ACI 224-3R-95

Construction"

ACI 304R-00 "Guide for Measuring, ،‫ اﺧﺘﻼط‬،‫"راﻫﻨﻤﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي‬ ACI 304R-00
Mixing, Transporting, and "‫ﺣﻤﻞ و ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬
Placing Concrete"

ACI 305R-99 "Hot Weather Concreting" "‫"ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم‬ ACI 305R-99

ACI 306R-88 "Cold Weather "‫"ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در ﻫﻮاي ﺳﺮد‬ ACI 306R-88
Concreting"

ACI 318 M-2005 "Building Code ‫ "آﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي‬ACI 318 M-2005
Requirements for "‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
Structural Concrete"

ACI 347-2001 "Guide to Formwork for "‫"راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺘﻦ‬ ACI 347-2001
Concrete"

ASTM (AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR (‫ )اﻧﺠﻤﻦ آزﻣﻮن و ﻣﻮاد آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ASTM

TESTING AND MATERIALS)

ASTM C31/C 31M "Standard Practice for ‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ASTM C31/C 31M
Making and Curing ‫آوري ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬
Concrete Test
"‫در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬
Specimens in the
Field"

ASTM C33 "Standard ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬ ASTM C33

Specification for "‫ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ‬
Concrete Aggregates"

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ASTM C39/ C 39M "Standard Test Method ‫"روش آزﻣﻮن اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي‬ ASTM C39/C 39M
for Compressive ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي‬
Strength of Cylindrical
"‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي‬
Concrete Specimens"

ASTM C42/ C42M "Standard Test ‫"روش آزﻣﻮن اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي‬ ASTM C42/ C42M
Method for Obtaining ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﻴﺮي و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻐﺰهﻫﺎ‬
and Testing Drilled
"‫و ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺑﺮﻳﺪه ﺷﺪه از ﺑﺘﻦ‬
Cores and Sawed
Beams of Concrete"

ASTM C94/C 94M "Standard Specification ‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺘﻦ‬ ASTM C94/C 94M
for Ready-Mixed "‫آﻣﺎده‬
Concrete"

ASTM C109/ C 109M "Standard Test Method ‫ "روش آزﻣﻮن اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي‬ASTM C109/C 109M
for Compressive ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﻼتﻫﺎي‬
Strength of Hydraulic
"‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن آﺑﻲ‬
Cement Mortars"

ASTM C143/ C 143M "Standard Test Method ‫"روش آزﻣﻮن اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي‬ASTM C143/ C 143M
for Slump of ‫اﺳﻼﻣﭗ ﺑﺘﻦﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
Hydraulic-Cement
"‫آﺑﻲ‬
Concrete"

ASTM C150 REV A " Standard ‫ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬ASTM C150 REV A
Specification for "‫ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨﺪ‬
Portland Cement"

ASTM C171 REV A "Standard Specification ‫ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮاد‬ASTM C171 REV A
for Sheet Materials for ‫ورﻗﻪاي ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬
Curing Concrete"
"‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬
ASTM C172 "Standard Practice for ‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي از‬ ASTM C172
Sampling Freshly "‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﺎزه اﺧﺘﻼط ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
Mixed Concrete"

ASTM C260 "Standard Specification ‫اﺳﺘـﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼــﺎت‬ ASTM C260

for Air-Entraining "‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﺳﺎز در ﺑﺘﻦ‬
Admixtures for
Concrete"

ASTM C309 "Standard Specification ‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘـﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣـﻮاد‬ ASTM C309

for Liquid Membrane- ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه ﻏﺸﺎء ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
Forming Compounds
"‫ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﺘﻦ‬
for Curing Concrete"

ASTM C330 "Specification for ‫ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي‬ ‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬ ASTM C330

Lightweight "‫ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎزهاي‬
Aggregates for
Structural Concrete"

ASTM C494/C 494M "Standard ‫ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼــــﺎت اﺳﺘـــﺎﻧﺪارد‬ASTM C494/C 494M

Specification for "‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ‬
Chemical Admixtures
for Concrete"

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ASTM C595 REV A "Standard Specification ‫ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼــﺎت اﺳﺘــــﺎﻧﺪارد‬ASTM C595 REV A

for Blended Hydraulic " ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎنﻫﺎي آﺑﻲ آﻣﻴﺨﺘﻪ‬
Cements"

ASTM C618 "Standard Specification ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬ ASTM C618

for Coal Fly Ash and ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎدي و ﭘﻮزوﻻن‬
Raw or Calcined
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺗﻜﻠﻴﺲ ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎم‬
Natural Pozzolan for
Use in Concrete" "‫ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺑﺘﻦ‬

ASTM C685/C 685M "Standard Specification ‫ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺘﻦ‬ASTM C685/C 685M
for Concrete Made by ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﭽﻴﻨﮓ و‬
Volumetric Batching
"‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﻦ‬
and Continuous
Mixing"

ASTM C989 "Standard Specification ‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﺮﺑﺎره‬ ASTM C989

for Ground Granulated ‫ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه ﻛﻮره ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬
Blast-Furnace Slag for
"‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺑﺘﻦ و ﻣﻼت ﻫﺎ‬
Use in Concrete and
Mortars"

ASTM C1017 "Standard Specification ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬ ASTM C1017

for Chemical ‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻮرد‬
Admixture for Use in
"‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ روان‬
Producing Flowing
Concrete"

ASTM C1218 "Standard Specification ‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي‬ ASTM C1218

for Water-Soluble ‫ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل در آب ﺑﺘﻦ‬
Chloride in Mortar and
"‫و ﻣﻼت‬
Concrete"

IPS (IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS) (‫ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬IPS

IPS-E-GN-100 "Engineering Standard ‫"اﺳﺘـــﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨـﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬ IPS-E-GN-100

for units" "‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬

IPS-E-CE-200 "Engineering Standard ‫ﻣﻬﻨــﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫"اﺳﺘـــﺎﻧﺪارد‬ IPS-E-CE-200

for Concrete "‫ﺑﺮاي ﺳـﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
Structures"

IPS-E-CE-260 "Engineering Standard ‫ﻣﻬﻨـــﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫"اﺳﺘــﺎﻧﺪارد‬ IPS-E-CE-260

for Fireproofing" "‫ﺑﺮاي ﺿﺪ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺮدن‬

IPS-M-CE-105(1) "Material Standard for ‫ﺑـﺮاي‬ ‫"اﺳﺘـﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮاد‬ IPS-M-CE-105(1)

Building Materials" "‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬

MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي‬

ORGANIZATION

Publication no-120 "Iranian National – 120 ‫"ﻧﺸــﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬ Publication no-120

Concrete Code" "(‫آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ اﻳﺮان )آﺑﺎ‬

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3. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY ‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و واژﮔﺎن‬-3

For general definition of terms used in this ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرات اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ‬
Standard refer to Chapter 2 of ACI 318 M. .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 318 M ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬2 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
4. NOTATIONS & SYMBOLS ‫ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت و ﻋﻼﺋﻢ‬-4
For complete listing of Notations refer to ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬B ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
Appendix B of ACI 318 M. The following ‫ ﮔﺰﻳﺪه اي‬،‫ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ و ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت زﻳﺮ‬.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬ACI 318 M
symbols and notations are a selection of
‫از آﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻜﺮر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه‬
frequently used ones in this Standard.
.‫اﺳﺖ‬
db = Nominal diameter of bar, wire, or ،‫ ﻣﻔﺘﻮل ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه‬،‫ = ﻗﻄﺮ اﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد‬d b
prestressing strand, mm ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
f c = Specified compressive strength of concrete, ‫ ﻣﮕﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل)ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ‬،‫ = ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬f c
MPa (kg/cm²). (‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬

f ct = Average splitting tensile strength of light- ،‫ = ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺒﻚ‬f ct
weight aggregate concrete, MPa (kg/cm²). (‫ﻣﮕﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل)ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
 = Required average compressive strength of
f cr ‫ = ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺘﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي‬f cr
concrete used as the basis for selection of ‫ ﻣﮕﺎ‬،‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
concrete proportions, MPa (kg/cm²). (‫ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل)ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
5. UNITS ‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬-5
This standard is based on International System of ‫ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬،(SI) ‫ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
Units (SI), as per IPS-E-GN-100 except where ‫ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ در ﻣﺘﻦ‬،‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬IPS-E-GN-100 ‫ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
otherwise specified.
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪ دﻳﮕﺮي اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
6. MATERIALS ‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬-6
6.1 Cements ‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎ‬1-6
6.1.1 Cement shall conform to the following ‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﺸﺮح زﻳﺮ‬1-1-6
specifications for Portland cement: .‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
a) "Standard Specification for Portland Cement" (ASTM C 150) "‫اﻟﻒ( "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨﺪ‬
(ASTM C 150).

6.1.2 Cement used in the work shall correspond to ‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬2-1-6
that on which selection of concrete proportions .‫داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
was based.

6.1.3 Fly Ash or other pozzolans shall conform to ‫ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎدي و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﻮزوﻻﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3-1-6
ASTM C 618 "Standard Specification for Coal ‫ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎدي و‬ASTM C 618
Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan "‫ﭘﻮزوﻻن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺗﻜﻠﻴﺲ ﺷﺪه و ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎم ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺑﺘﻦ‬
for Use in Concrete" For more information about
other kinds of pozzolans see Iranian national ‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻧﻮاع‬.‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
concrete code publication no-120 of management ‫ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي‬120 ‫ﭘﻮزوﻻﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
and planning organization part 3-6-4-2.
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬2-4-6-3 ‫ﻛﺸﻮر "آﺋﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ اﻳﺮان" ﺑﺨﺶ‬
6.2 Aggregates ‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬2-6
6.2.1 Concrete aggregates shall conform to one of ‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ‬1-2-6
the following specifications: :‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬

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a) Standard Specification for Concrete ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﺸﺨﺼــﺎت اﺳﺘـــﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ‬

Aggregates (ASTM C 33). .(ASTM C 33)
b) Standard Specification for Lightweight ‫ب( ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺒﻚ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
Aggregates for Structural Concrete (ASTM C
330). .(ASTM C 330) ‫در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎزهاي‬

c) Gradation of fine aggregates and coarse ‫ج( داﻧﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي رﻳﺰ و درﺷﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در‬
aggregates shall be within the limit mentioned
in Tables 1 and 2. .‫ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬2 ‫ و‬1 ‫ﻣﺤﺪودهﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه در ﺟﺪاول‬

Exception: Aggregates which have been shown ‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ و دوام ﻛﺎﻓﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ‬:‫ﻣﻮارد اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬
by special test or actual service to produce ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﺧﺎص ﻳﺎ در ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد واﻗﻌﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه و‬
concrete of adequate strength and durability and
approved by the AR*.
.‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ رﺳﻴﺪه اﻧﺪ‬

* AR AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF
THE OWNER

TABLE 1 - GRADING REQUIREMENTS FOR FINE AGGREGATES

‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت داﻧﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي رﻳﺰ‬-1 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

SIEVE (SPECIFICATION E 11) PERCENT PASSING

(E 11 ‫اﻧﺪازه اﻟﻚ )ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬ ‫درﺻﺪ ﻋﺒﻮري‬

9.5-mm (⅜-in) 100

4.75-mm(No. 4) 95 to 100
2.36-mm(No. 8) 80 to 100
1.18-mm(No. 16) 50 to 85
600-μm (No. 30) 25 to 60
300-μm (No. 50) 5 to 30
150-μm (No. 100) 0 to 10

9
 Amounts Finer than Each Laboratory Sieve (Square-Openings), Mass Percent
Nominal Size ‫ درﺻﺪ وزﻧﻲ‬،(‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ رﻳﺰﺗﺮ از ﻫﺮ اﻟﻚ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ )ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮراخ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻌﻲ‬
Size
(Sieves with
Number
Square Openings)
‫اﻧﺪازه‬ 100mm 90mm 75mm 63mm 50mm 37.5mm 25.0mm 19.0mm 12.5mm 9.5mm 4.75mm 2.36mm 1.18mm 300μm
‫اﻧﺪازه اﺳﻤﻲ )اﻟﻜﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ‬
‫اﺳﻤﻲ‬ (4 in.) (3½ in.) (3 in.) (2½ in.) (2 in.) (1½ in.) (1 in.) (¾ in.) (½ in.) (⅜ in.) (No.4) (No.8) (No.16) (No.50)
(‫ﺳﻮراﺧﻬﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻌﻲ‬

1 90 to 37.5mm 100 90 to 100 ---- 25 to 60 ---- 0 to 15 ---- 0 to 5 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
(3½ to 1½ in.)

2 63 to 37.5mm ---- ---- 100 90 to 100 35 to 70 0 to 15 ---- 0 to 5 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
(2½ to 1½ in.)

3 50 to 25.0mm ---- ---- ---- 100 90 to 100 35 to 70 0 to 15 ---- 0 to 5 ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
(2 to 1 in.)

357 50 to 4.75mm ---- ---- ---- 100 95 to 100 ---- 35 to 70 ---- 10 to 30 ---- 0 to 5 ---- ---- ----
(2 in. to No.4)

4 ---- ---- ---- ---- 100 90 to 100 20 to 55 0 to 15 ---- 0 to 5 ---- ---- ---- ----
37.5 to 19.0mm
(1½ to ¾ in.)

467 37.5 to 4.75mm ---- ---- ---- ---- 100 95 to 100 ---- 35 to 70 ---- 10 to 30 0 to 5 ---- ---- ----
(1½ in. to No. 4)

5 25.0 to 12.5mm ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 100 90 to 100 20 to 55 0 to 10 0 to 5 ---- ---- ---- ----
(1 to ½ in.)

56 25.0 to 9.5mm ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 100 90 to 100 40 to 85 10 to 40 0 to 15 0 to 5 ---- ---- ----
(1 to ⅜ in.)

10
57 25.0 to 4.75mm ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 100 95 to 100 ---- 25 to 60 ---- 0 to 10 0 to 5 ---- ----
(1 in. to No. 4)
Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬

6 19.0 to 9.5mm ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 100 90 to 100 20 to 55 0 to 15 0 to 5 ---- ---- ----
(¾ to ⅜ in.)

67 19.0 to 4.75mm ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 100 90 to 100 ---- 20 to 55 0 to 10 0 to 5 ---- ----
(¾ in. to No. 4)
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت داﻧﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي درﺷﺖ‬-2 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

7 12.5 to 4.75mm ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 100 90 to 100 40 to 70 0 to 15 0 to 5 ---- ----
(½ in. to No. 4)

8 9.5 to 2.36mm ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 100 85 to 100 10 to 30 0 to 10 0 to 5 ----
(⅜ in. to No. 8)
TABLE 2 - GRADING REQUIREMENTS FOR COARSE AGGREGATES

89 9.5 to 1.18mm ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 100 90 to 100 20 to 55 5 to 30 0 to 10 0 to 5
(⅜ in. to No. 16)

9A 4.75 to 1.18mm ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 100 85 to 100 10 to 40 0 to 10 0 to 5
IPS-C-CE-200(1)

(No. 4 to No. 16)

A
Size number 9 aggregate is defined in Terminology C 125 as a fine aggregate. It is included as a coarse aggregate when it is combined with a size number 8 material to create a size number 89, which is a coarse aggregate as
defined by terminology.
.‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي درﺷﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ )ﻛﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ واژﮔﺎن ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ درﺷﺖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ( ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﻮد‬89 ‫ ( ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ اﻧﺪازه‬8 )‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻧﺪازه‬.‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ رﻳﺰ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬C125 ‫ در واژﮔﺎن‬9 ‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه‬.A
 Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬ IPS-C-CE-200(1)

6.2.2 Nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate ‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ اﻧﺪازه اﺳﻤﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي درﺷﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬2-2-6
shall be not larger than: :‫ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
a) 1/5 the narrowest dimension between sides ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻳﻚ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺑﺎرﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ؛‬
of forms, nor;
b) 1/3 the depth of slabs, nor; ‫ب( ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮم ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ داﻟﻬﺎ؛‬
c) 3/4 the minimum clear spacing between ‫ج( ﺳﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ آزاد ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬
individual reinforcing bars or wires, bundles of ‫ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه و ﻳﺎ‬،‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﻔﺘﻮلﻫﺎ‬
bars, or prestressing tendons or ducts.
.‫ﻣﺠﺮاﻫﺎ‬
These limitations shall not apply if, in the ‫ ﻛﺎراﺋﻲ و روش ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻨﺤﻮي‬،‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬
judgment of the AR, workability and methods of ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺪون ﻛﺮﻣﻮﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻔﺮه دارﺷﺪن‬
consolidation are such that concrete can be placed
.‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎ رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬،‫اﺟﺮا ﺷﻮد‬
without honeycomb or voids.

6.2.3 Where aggregates are alkali-reactive, impose ‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ از ﻧﻮع واﻛﻨﺶ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬3-2-6
restrictions on materials to minimize deterioration. ‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ‬،‫ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﻮد‬
6.3 Water ‫ آب‬3-6
6.3.1 Water used in mixing concrete shall be clean ‫ آب ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ در ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ و ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻀﺮ‬1-3-6
and free from injurious amounts of oils, acids, ‫ ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﻪ‬،‫ ﻧﻤﻜﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻫﺎ‬،‫ اﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬،‫ روﻏﻨﻬﺎ‬:‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‬
alkalis, salts, organic materials, or other
substances that may be deleterious to concrete or .‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر ﻣﺨﺮّب اﻧﺪ‬
reinforcement.

6.3.2 Mixing water for pre-stressed concrete or for ‫ آب ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﻳــﺎ ﺑﺮاي‬2-3-6
concrete that will contain aluminum embedment, ‫ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬،‫ﺑﺘﻨﻬﺎي ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻛﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻣﻲ‬
including that portion of mixing water contributed
in the form of free moisture on aggregates, shall
‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ روي ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ زﻳﺎن آور ﻳـﻮن ﻛﻠﺮ‬
not contain deleterious amounts of chloride ion. .‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

6.3.3 Non-potable water shall not be used in ‫ آب ﻏﻴﺮآﺷﺎﻣﻴﺪﻧﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻜﺎر رود ﻣﮕﺮ‬3-3-6
concrete unless the following are satisfied: :‫اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ زﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
a) Selection of concrete proportions shall be ‫اﻟﻒ( اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ‬
based on concrete mixes using water from the .‫اﺳﺎس ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻬﺎي ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻫﻤﺎن آب ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
same source.

b) Mortar test cubes made with non-potable ‫ب( ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻜﻌﺒﻲ ﻣﻼت ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ آب‬
mixing water shall have 7-day and 28-day ‫ درﺻﺪ‬90 ‫ﻏﻴﺮآﺷﺎﻣﻴﺪﻧﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
strengths equal to at least 90 percent of
strengths of similar specimens made with
‫ روزه ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از‬28 ‫ روزه و‬7 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬
potable water. Strength test comparison shall ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫آب آﺷﺎﻣﻴﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
be made on mortars, identical except for the ‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻼتﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻳﻜﺴﺎن ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ در ﻣﻮرد‬
mixing water, prepared and tested in
accordance with "Standard Test Method for ‫آب اﺧﺘﻼط ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس "روش آزﻣﻮن اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement ‫ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﻼﺗﻬﺎي ﺳﻴﻤﺎن آﺑﻲ )ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي‬
Mortars (Using 50-mm Cube Specimens)"
(ASTM C 109). .(ASTM C 109) "(‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬50 ‫ﻣﻜﻌﺒﻲ‬
.‫آﻣﺎده و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
6.3.4 Sea water shall not be used as mixing water. .‫ آب درﻳﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان آب اﺧﺘﻼط اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬4-3-6

11
 Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬ IPS-C-CE-200(1)

6.4 Steel Reinforcement ‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﮔﺬاري‬4-6

For general description and method of use of ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت ﻛﻠﻲ و روش ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر در ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑــﻪ‬
concrete reinforcement refer to Section 3.5 of .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI-318M ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3.5 ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
ACI-318M.

6.5 Admixtures ‫ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎ‬5-6

6.5.1 An admixture shall be capable of ‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط‬1-5-6
maintaining essentially the same composition and ً‫ ﺿﺮورﺗﺎ‬،‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬ACI 318M ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬5.2 ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
performance throughout the work as the product
used in establishing concrete proportions in .‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ و ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
accordance with Clause 5.2 ACI 318M.

6.5.2 Admixtures to be used in concrete shall be ‫ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ‬2-5-6
subject to written approval of AR. .‫ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺳﻨﺪ‬
6.5.3 Air-entraining admixtures shall conform to ASTM C 260 ‫ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﺳﺎز ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬3-5-6
ASTM C 260, "Standard Specification for Air- .‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﺳﺎز ﺑﺘﻦ" ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Entraining Admixtures for Concrete".

6.5.4 Water-reducing admixtures, retarding ‫ ﺗﻨﺪﮔﻴﺮ‬،‫ ﻛﻨﺪﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ‬،‫ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه آب‬4-5-6
admixtures, accelerating admixtures; water ‫ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه آب و‬،‫ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه آب و ﻛﻨﺪﮔﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ‬،‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ‬
reducing and retarding admixtures and water
reducing and accelerating admixtures shall
‫ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬ASTM C 494 ‫ﺗﻨﺪﮔﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
conform to ASTM C 494, "Standard Specification .‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ" ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete".

6.5.5 Fly Ash or other pozzolans used as ‫ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎدي و ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﻮزوﻻن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان‬5-5-6
admixtures shall conform to ASTM C 618, ‫ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ASTM C 618 ‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ‬
"Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw
or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete"
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎدي و ﭘﻮزوﻻﻧﻬﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺗﻜﻠﻴﺲ ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎم ﻣﻮرد‬
For more information about other kinds of ‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺑﺘﻦ" ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
pozzolans see Iranian national concrete code ‫ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي‬120 ‫اﻧﻮاع ﭘﻮزوﻻن ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ‬
publication no-120 of management and planning
organization part 3-6-4-2. .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬2-4-6-3 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬

6.5.6 Ground granulated blast-furnace slag used as ‫ ﺳﺮﺑﺎره ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه ﻛﻮره ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ در‬6-5-6
an admixture shall conform to "Standard (ASTM C 989) ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-
Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars"
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮﺑﺎره ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه ﻛﻮره ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬
(ASTM C 989). .‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺑﺘﻦ و ﻣﻼت ﻫﺎ" ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

6.5.7 The types of admixtures suitable for use in ‫ اﻧﻮاع اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ اﺛﺮات ﻣﻮرد‬7-5-6
concrete to obtain the desired effect are listed in .‫ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬3 ‫ در ﺟﺪول‬،‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬
Table 3.

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TABLE 3- ADMIXTURES BY CLASSIFICATION

‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ ﻫﺎ‬-3 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
Air-entraining admixtures ‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﺳﺎز‬ ASTM C 260, AASHTO M 154;

Accelerating admixtures; ‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﺪﮔﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬ ASTM C 494 Type C

Water-reducing admixtures; ‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه آب‬ ASTM C 494 Type A

Retarding admixtures ‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺪﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬ ASTM C 494 Type B

Water-reducing and retarding admixtures;
ASTM C 494 Type D
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه آب و ﻛﻨﺪﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
Water-reducing and accelerating admixtures
ASTM C 494 Type E
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه آب و ﺗﻨﺪﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
Water-reducing, high-range admixtures
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﭘﺮداﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه آب‬ ASTM C 494 Type F

Water-reducing, high-range, and retarding admixtures.

‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﭘﺮداﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه آب و ﻛﻨﺪﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬ ASTM C 494 Type G

Admixtures for flowing concrete ‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي روان ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬ ASTM C 1017, Type I or Type II
(retarding ):

Miscellaneous admixtures: :‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﻪ‬ ACI 212 section 6.

Gas-forming admixtures ‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﮔﺎز ﺳﺎز‬ Section 6.1

Grouting admixt (‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺗﺰرﻳﻘﻲ)ﮔﺮوت‬ Section 6.2

Extended set-control admixtures ‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﮔﻴﺮش‬ Section 6.3

Bonding admixtures ‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺳﺎز‬ Section 6.4

Pumping aids ‫ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﭘﻤﭙﺎژ‬Section 6.5

Pigments(To produce colors) (‫رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ )ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ رﻧﮕﻲ‬ Section 6.6

Permeability-reducing admixtures ‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي آب ﺑﻨﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬ Section 6.9

Chemical admixtures to reduce alkali-aggregate reaction expansion

Section 6.10
‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ واﻛﻨﺶ ﻗﻠﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬

Corrosion-inhibiting admixtures ‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺿﺪﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬ Section 6.11

Antiwashout admixtures ‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺿﺪ آب ﺷﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ Section 6.12

Freeze-resistant admixtures ‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﺿﺪ ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ‬ Section 6.13

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6.6 Storage of Materials ‫ اﻧﺒﺎرش ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬6-6

6.6.1 Cement and aggregates shall be stored in ‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن و ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ از‬1-6-6
such manner as to prevent deterioration or .‫ﺧﺮاب ﺷﺪن و اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺑﻌﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ‬
intrusion of foreign matter.

6.6.2 Any material that has deteriorated or has ‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺮاب ﻳﺎ آﻟﻮده ﺷﺪه ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻜﺎر‬2-6-6
been contaminated shall not be used for concrete. .‫رود‬
6.7 Test of Materials ‫ آزﻣﻮن ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬7-6
6.7.1 Tests of reinforcing materials and of ‫ آزﻣﻮﻧﻬﺎي آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬1-7-6
concrete shall be made in accordance with ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3.8 ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
standards listed in Clause 3.8 of ACI 318 M
.‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬ACI 318 M
7. DURABILITY REQUIREMENTS ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت دوام‬-7
7.1 Freezing and Thawing Exposures ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ و آب ﺷﺪﮔﻲ‬1-7
7.1.1 Normal weight and lightweight concrete ‫ ﺑﺘﻨﻬﺎي ﺳﺒﻚ و ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻳﺦزدﮔﻲ و‬1-1-7
exposed to freezing and thawing or deicing ‫آبﺷﺪﮔﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﻳﺦ زدا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻮاي وارد ﺷﺪه‬
chemicals shall be air entrained with air content
indicated in Table 4. Tolerance on air content as ‫ ﺑﺎ رواداري‬4 ‫ ﻫﻮاي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺟﺪول‬.‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
delivered shall be ±1.5 percent. For specified ‫ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬.‫ درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬±1 / 5
compressive strength f c greater than 35 MPa, air ‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻫﻮاي ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه در‬35 ‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از‬f c
content indicated in Table 4 may be reduced 1
percent. .‫ درﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬1 ‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬4 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

TABLE 4 - TOTAL AIR CONTENT FOR FROST - RESISTANT CONCRETE

‫ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻛﻞ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻳﺨﺒﻨﺪان‬-4 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

AIR CONTENT, PERCENT

NOMINAL MAXIMUM ‫درﺻﺪ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬

AGGREGATE SIZE, mm(1)
SEVERE MODERATE
(1)
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ اﺳﻤﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ EXPOSURE EXPOSURE

‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬

9.5 7½ 6
12.5 7 5½
19.0 6 5
25.0 6 4½
37.5 5½ 4½
2)
50 5 4
2)
75 4½ 3½

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 Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬ IPS-C-CE-200(1)

1) See ASTM C33 for tolerances on oversize ‫( ﺑﺮاي روادارﻳﻬﺎي اﻧﺪازهﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ اﻧﺪازهﻫﺎي‬1
for various nominal maximum size .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ASTM C33 ‫اﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
designations.
2) These air contents apply to total mix, as for ‫( اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه‬2
the preceding aggregate sizes. When testing
‫ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل در ﻣﻮارد‬.‫ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﺒﻠﻲ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
these concretes, however, aggregate larger than
37.5 mm is removed by hand-picking or 37 / 5 ‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از‬،‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺘﻨﻬﺎ‬
sieving and air content is determined on the ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺼﻮرت دﺳﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻟﻚ ﻛﺮدن ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪه و ﻫﻮاي‬
minus 37.5 mm fraction of mix, (Tolerance on ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬37 / 5 ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد روي ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
air content as delivered applies to this value)
‫ )رواداري ﻫﻮاي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار در ﻧﻈﺮ‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
Air content of total mix is computed from
value determined on the minus 37.5 mm ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد( ﻫﻮاي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻛﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط از روي ﻣﻘﺪار‬
fraction. .‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬37 / 5 ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦﺷﺪه ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮاز‬

7.1.2 Concrete that will be subject to freezing and ‫ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻳﺦزدﮔﻲ و آبﺷﺪﮔﻲ در ﻫﻮاي‬2-1-7
thawing in a moist condition, intended to have low ‫ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد و داراي ﻧﻔﻮذ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﻛﻢ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ آب ﻳﺎ در‬
permeability to water or be exposed to deicing
salts, brackish water, sea water, or spray from
‫ آب درﻳﺎ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪه ﺷﺪن آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ آب ﺷﻮر‬،‫ﻣﻌﺮض ﺷﻮرهزدن‬
these sources shall conform to the requirements of .‫ را ﺑﺮآورده ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬5 ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺟﺪول‬
Table 5.

7. 2 Corrosion Protection ‫ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬2-7

7.2.1 When reinforced concrete will be exposed to ‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻜﻬﺎي‬1-2-7
chloride from deicing salts, brackish water, sea ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬،‫ آب درﻳﺎ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮار دارد‬،‫ آب ﺷﻮر‬،‫ﻳﺦ زدا‬
water, or spray from these sources, requirements
of Table 5 for water-cement ratio or concrete ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬5 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
strength and minimum concrete cover .‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮآورده ﺷﻮد‬7-13 ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻻزم ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺑﻨﺪ‬
requirements of Clause 13.7 shall be satisfied.

TABLE 5 - REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIAL EXPOSURE CONDITIONS

‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ وﻳﮋه‬-5 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

MAXIMUM MINIMUM f c
WATER-CEMENT
NORMAL-WEIGHT
RATIO, NORMAL
EXPOSURE CONDITION AND LIGHT-
WEIGHT
WEIGHT
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ CONCRETE CONCRETE

‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ‬f c ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬

‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن در ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ و ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺒﻚ‬

Concrete intended to have low permeability when exposed to water 0.50 28

‫ﺑﺘﻦ داراي ﻧﻔﻮذﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﻛﻢ در ﻣﻌﺮض آب‬
Concrete exposed to freezing and thawing in a moist condition 0.45 31
‫ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ و آب ﺷﺪﮔﻲ در ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬
For corrosion protection for reinforced concrete exposed to deicing salts, brackish 0.40* 35*
water, seawater or spray from these sources
‫ آب درﻳﺎ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬،‫ آب ﺷﻮر‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻳﺦ زدا‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬
To be continued ‫اداﻣﻪ دارد‬

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TABLE 5 – Continued 5 ‫اداﻣﻪ ﺟﺪول‬

MAXIMUM
WATER-CEMENT MINIMUM f c
RATIO, NORMAL NORMAL-WEIGHT
WEIGHT AND LIGHT-
EXPOSURE CONDITION
CONCRETE WEIGHT
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ CONCRETE
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن در ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ‬f c ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ و ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺒﻚ‬

Frost-resistant concrete ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻳﺦ ﺑﻨﺪان‬

Thin sections and any concrete exposed to deicing salts 0.45 30
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻧﺎزك و ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻳﺦ زدا ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
All other structures ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎ‬ 0.50 28

Placing concrete under water ‫ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در زﻳﺮ آب‬ 0.45 Not less than 350 kg of
cement per cubic meter
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬350 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
‫در ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬

*Note: :‫* ﻳﺎدآوري‬

If minimum concrete cover required by Clause 7-13 ‫در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺑﻨﺪ‬
13.7 is increased by l0 mm, water-cement ratio ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن را‬10 ‫ﺑﻪ‬
may be increased to 0.45 for normal density
‫ را‬f c ‫ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎ‬0 / 45 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
concrete, or f c reduced to 30 MPa for light-
weight concrete. .‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻛﺎﻫﺶ داد‬30 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﻪ‬

7.2.2 For corrosion protection, maximum water ‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻳﻮن ﻛﻠﺮ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬2-2-7
soluble chloride ion concentrations in hardened ‫ روزه ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬42 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬28 ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﻦ‬
concrete at ages from 28 to 42 days contributed
from the ingredients including water, aggregates,
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن و‬،‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫اﺟﺰاء ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آب‬
cementitious materials and admixtures shall not .‫ ﻓﺮاﺗﺮ رود‬6 ‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي ﺟﺪول‬
exceed the limits of Table 6.
When testing is performed to determine water ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻳﻮن ﻛﻠﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل در آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ‬
soluble chloride ion content, test procedures shall .‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ASTM C1218 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
conform to ASTM C1218.

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TABLE 6- MAXIMUM CHLORIDE ION CONTENT FOR CORROSION PROTECTION

‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻳﻮن ﻛﻠﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬-6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
MAXIMUM WATER
SOLUBLE
CHLORIDE ION (CI-) IN
TYPE OF MEMBER CONCRETE,
PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF
‫ﻧﻮع ﻋﻀﻮ‬
CEMENT
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻳﻮن ﻛﻠﺮﻣﺤﻠﻮل در آب ﺑﺘﻦ‬
(‫)درﺻﺪ از وزن ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
Prestressed concrete ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه‬ 0.06

Reinforced concrete exposed to chloride in service 0.15

‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ درﻣﻌﺮض ﻳﻮن ﻛﻠﺮ ﻃﻲ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري‬

Reinforced concrete that will be dry or protected from moisture in service

1.00
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻲ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد ﻳﺎ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
Other reinforced concrete construction ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬ 0.30

7.3 Sulfate Exposure ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﻫﺎ‬3-7

7.3.1 Concrete to be exposed to sulfate-containing ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﻫﺎي ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬1-3-7
solutions or soils shall conform to requirements of ‫ را ﺑﺮآورده ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺿﺪ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت در‬7 ‫اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺟﺪول‬
Table 7, or be made with cement that provides
sulfate resistance when used in concrete with ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري‬
maximum water-cement ratio and minimum .‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬7 ‫ﻣﻨﺪرج در ﺟﺪول‬
compressive strength from Table 7.

7.3.2 Calcium chloride as an admixture shall not ‫ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺎده‬،7 ‫ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺟﺪول‬2-3-7
be used in concrete to be exposed to severe or ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬،‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ‬
very severe sulfate containing solutions, as
defined in Table 7.
.‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎي ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬

TABLE 7 - REQUIREMENTS FOR CONCRETE EXPOSED TO

SULFATE-CONTAINING SOLUTIONS
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻲ‬-7 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

SULFATE WATER SULFATE CEMENT MAXIMUM WATER- MINIMUM

EXPOSURE SOLUBLE (SO 4 ) IN TYPE CEMENT COMPRESSIVE
‫در ﻣﻌﺮض‬ SULFATE WATER ‫ﻧﻮع ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬ RATIO, BY STRENGTH
‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬
(SO 4 ) IN ppm WEIGHT 1),
(
f c MPa(1)
SOIL, ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ NORMALWEIGHT NORMALWEIGHT
PERCENT
‫در آب ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ‬ CONCRETE AND LIGHTWEIGHT
BY WEIGHT
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬ CONCRETE
‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ppm
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸــــﺎري‬
(‫)ﻣﺤﻠﻮل در آب‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ‬ f c MPa(1)
‫ﺧﺎك ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ و ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺒﻚ‬
‫درﺻﺪ وزﻧﻲ‬

Negligible 0.00-0.10 0 – 150 ---- ---- ----

‫ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ‬
To be continued ‫اداﻣﻪ دارد‬

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TABLE 7 – Continued 7 ‫اداﻣﻪ ﺟﺪول‬

Moderate(2) 0.10-0.20 150 – 1500 II and I 0.50 28

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬
Severe 0.20-2.00 1500 – 10000 V 0.45 31
‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬
Very severe Over 2.00 Over 10000 V plus 0.45 31
‫ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬ pozzolan(3)
‫ ﺑﻌﻼوه‬V ‫ﻧﻮع‬
‫ﭘﻮزوﻻن‬

1) Lowest applicable maximum water-cement ‫( ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﻔﻮذﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﻳﺎ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت‬1
ratio or higher applicable minimum strength ‫ﻛﺎر ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻳﺦزدﮔﻲ و‬
may be required for low permeability or for
protection against corrosion of embedded items
‫آب ﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ آب ﺑﻪ‬
or freezing and thawing. .‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻳﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺿﺮوري ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
2) Seawater. .‫( آب درﻳﺎ‬2
3) Pozzolan that has been determined by test or ‫( ﭘﻮزوﻻن ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮع آن ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻮاﺑﻖ‬3
service record to improve sulfate resistance ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬،‫ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه‬
when used in concrete containing Type V
cement. .‫ در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬V ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻧﻮع‬

7.4 Water-Cement Ratio ‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬4-7

7.4.1 For placeability, finishability, abrasion ‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬،‫ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﻴﺮي‬1-4-7
resistance, and durability in flatwork, with regard ‫ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ﺳﺎﻳﺶ و دوام ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺨﺖ‬
to aggregate size, the quantity of cement to be
used should be not less than shown in Table 8. .‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬8 ‫اﻧﺪازه ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺟﺪول‬

TABLE 8 - MINIMUM CEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR CONCRETE USED IN

FLATWORK
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺨﺖ‬-8 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

MAXIMUM SIZE OF AGGREGATE, CEMENT,

‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ اﻧﺪازه ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
mm kg/m3
28 282
25 312
19 324
12.5 354
9.5 366

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7.4.2 The minimum cement content of concrete ‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻳﺦزدﮔﻲ و‬2-4-7
mixtures exposed to freezing and thawing in the ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬252 ‫آبﺷﺪﮔﻲ در ﺣﻀﻮر ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻳﺦ زدا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
presence of deicing chemicals shall be 252 kg of
cement meeting ASTM C 150 or C 595 per m3 of
‫ در ﻫﺮ‬،C 595 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬ASTM C 150 ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
concrete. .‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

7.4.3 The water-cement ratio required in Tables 5 5 ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻻزم در ﺟﺪاول‬3-4-7
and 7 shall be calculated using the mass of cement ‫ ﺑﻪ‬C 595 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬ASTM C 150 ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﺮم ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬7 ‫و‬
meeting ASTM C 150 or C 595 plus the weight of
ASTM C 618 ‫ﻋﻼوه وزن ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎدي ﻳﺎ ﭘﻮزوﻻن ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
fly ash or pozzolan meeting ASTM C 618 and/or
slag meeting ASTM C 989, if any. (‫ )در ﺻﻮرت وﺟﻮد‬ASTM C 989 ‫و ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﺑﺎره ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
.‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
7.5 Concrete for Wear Resistance ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺿﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ‬5-7
7.5.1 Aggregate of up to 4 mm particle size shall ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً از‬4 ‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﺗﺎ‬1-5-7
consist mainly of quartz or materials of at least ‫ﻛﻮارﺗﺰ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ آن و ذرات‬
equivalent hardness and coarser particles, of
natural or artificial stone possessing high wear ‫درﺷﺖ ﺗﺮ از ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ‬
resistance. The aggregate grading should be such ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ درﺷﺖ‬
that it is as coarse as possible. .‫داﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Provisions for obtaining abrasion resistance ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬
concrete surface are referred to ACI 201 chapter
(3). .‫ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬ACI 201 ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3 ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺶ در ﻓﺼﻞ‬

7.5.2 Concrete for exposure to service ‫ درﺟﻪ‬250 ‫ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺣﺮارت ﺗﺎ دﻣﺎي‬2-5-7
temperatures up to 250°C shall be made with ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬،‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬
aggregates which have proved suitable in
accordance with relative Clause of ASTM for ‫ ﭘﻴﺶ از اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺣﺮارت دﻳﺪن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ASTM
exposure to such temperatures. The concrete ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ اﺟﺎزه داد ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪي ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ آراﻣﻲ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
should be allowed to dry out before it is heated for
the first time, the latter being performed as slowly .‫ﺷﻮد‬
as possible.

7.6 Shotcrete ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﻲ‬6-7

7.6.1 Shotcrete is process, by which concrete or ‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪن ﺑﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻼت روي ﻳﻚ‬،‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﻲ‬1-6-7
mortar is sprayed onto a surface to produce a ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺖ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوم و ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
compacted self supporting and bearing Layer,
depending on the addition of water to the mix, ‫ ﺑﻪ دو ﻧﻮع ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮدن آب ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط‬
distinction as made between the dry process and .‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
the wet process.
For more information see Iranian national ‫ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬120 ‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ‬
concrete code Publication no. 120 of management ‫ و ﻳـﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺑﺘﻦﭘﺎﺷﻲ در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬7-7 ‫رﻳﺰي ﺑﺨﺶ‬
and planning organization part 7-7 and
ACI 506.2(specification for shotcrete). .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 506.2

8. CONCRETE QUALITY, MIXING AND ‫ اﺧﺘﻼط و ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬،‫ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ‬-8

PLACING
8.1 General ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-8
8.1.1 Concrete shall be proportioned to provide an ‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬1-1-8
average compressive strength f c r as prescribed in ‫ و‬ACI 318M ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬5.3.2 ‫ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬f c r ‫ﻓﺸﺎري‬
Section 5.3.2 of ACI 318M as well as satisfy the .‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬7 ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﺎر دوام در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
durability criteria of Clause 7.

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Concrete shall be produced to minimize the ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺎ‬
frequency of strengths tests below f c ` as
‫ را ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬3-2-9 ‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪ‬f c ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ از‬
prescribed in 9.2.3.
.‫ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‬
For concrete designed and constructed in
f c ،ACI ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
accordance with the code, f c shall not be less
than 17MPa . .‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬17 ‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬

8.1.2 Requirements for f c shall be based on tests ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي‬ f c ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬2-1-8
of cylinders made and tested as prescribed in 9.2 .‫ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد‬2-9 ‫اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬

8.1.3 Unless otherwise specified, f c shall be ‫ روزه‬28 ‫ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي‬f c ‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬3-1-8
based on 28-day tests. If other than 28 days, test ‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ در ﻣﺪارك ﻣﺪت دﻳﮕﺮي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
age for f c shall be as indicated in design ‫ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻨﺼﻮرت ﺳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ آﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ در ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ‬
drawings or specifications. .‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
8.1.4 Where design criteria in IPS-E-CE-200 ‫در‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ‬ 4-1-8
provide for use of a splitting tensile strength value ،‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬IPS-E-CE-200
of concrete, laboratory tests shall be made in
ASTM C330 ‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
accordance with "Specification for Lightweight
Aggregates for Structural Concrete" (ASTM ‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺒﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎزهاي" ﺑﺮاي‬
C330) to establish value of f ct corresponding to .‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬f c ‫ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ‬f ct ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
specified value of f c .

8.1.5 Splitting tensile strength tests shall not be ‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺒﻨﺎي‬5-1-8
used as a basis for field acceptance of concrete. .‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻜﺎر روﻧﺪ‬
8.2 Selection of Concrete Proportions ‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺘﻦ‬2-8
8.2.1 Proportions of materials for concrete shall ‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬1-2-8
be established to provide: :‫ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
a) Workability and consistency to permit ‫ ﺗﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي داﺧﻞ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ‬،‫اﻟﻒ( ﻛﺎرآﻳﻲ و ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ‬
concrete to be worked readily into forms and ‫و اﻃﺮاف آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺑﺪون‬
around reinforcement under conditions of
placement to be employed, without segregation
.‫ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ اﺟﺰاء و ﺷﻴﺮه ﺑﺘﻦ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
or excessive bleeding.
b) Resistance to special exposures as required .7 ‫ب ( ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ وﻳﮋه ﻣﺬﻛﻮر در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
by Clause 7.
c) Conformance with strength test .8-9 ‫ج ( ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺑﻨﺪ‬
requirements of Clause 9.8.

8.2.2 Where different materials are to be used for ‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺰاء ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻳﻚ‬2-2-8
different portions of proposed work, each .‫ﻛﺎر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
combination shall be evaluated.

8.2.3 Concrete proportions, shall be established on ‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ و ﻳﺎ از‬3-2-8
the basis of field experience and/or trial mixtures ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬5.3 ‫اﺧﺘﻼطﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
specified in Section 5.3 of ACI 318M, or
alternatively, Section 5.4 of the same Code and
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد و‬،‫ ﻫﻤﺎن اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬5.4 ‫ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ACI 318M
shall meet applicable requirements of Clause 7 of .‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد را ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬7 ‫اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
this Standard.

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9. EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF ‫ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﺑﺘﻦ‬-9

CONCRETE ‫ ﺗﻮاﺗﺮ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬1-9
9.1 Frequency of Testing ‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﻴﺮي آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ رده از ﺑﺘﻦ ﻛﻪ‬1-1-9
9.1.1 Samples for strength tests of each class of ‫روزاﻧﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻳﻜﺒﺎر در روز و ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
concrete placed each day shall be taken not less
than once a day, nor less than once for each 110 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻳﻜﺒﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ‬110‫ﻳﻜﺒﺎر از ﻫﺮ‬
m3 of concrete, nor less than once for each 460m2 .‫ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ و داﻟﻬﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬450
of surface area for slabs or walls.

9.1.2 On a given project, if total volume of ‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ در ﭘﺮوژهاي ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰاﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬2-1-9
concrete is such that frequency of testing required ‫ از ﭘﻨﺞ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬1-1-9 ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
by 9.1.1 would provide less than five strength
tests for given class of concrete, tests shall be
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ از‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ رده ﺑﺘﻦ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
made from at least five randomly selected batches ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ و ﻳﺎ اﮔﺮ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﭘﻨﺞ‬
or from each batch if fewer than five batches are .‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ از ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
used.

9.1.3 A strength test shall be the average of the ‫ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دو ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬،‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬3-1-9
strength of two cylinders made from the same ‫اﺳﺘﻮاﻧــﻪاي ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ از ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ و ﭘﺲ از‬
sample of concrete and tested at 28 days or at test
age designated for determination of f c .
‫ ﻣﻮرد آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬f c ‫ روز ﻳﺎ ﺳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬28
.‫ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬
9.2 Laboratory-Cured Specimens ‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬2-9
9.2.1 Samples for strength tests shall be taken in ‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس روش‬1-2-9
accordance with "Standard Method of Sampling "‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي از ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﺎزه ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺷﺪه‬
Freshly Mixed Concrete" (ASTM C 172).
.‫( ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬ASTM C 172)
9.2.2 Cylinders for strength tests shall be molded ‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﺑﺮاي آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬2-2-9
and laboratory cured in accordance with ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس "ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ و ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬
"Standard Practice for Making and Curing
Concrete Test Specimens in the Field" (ASTM C
‫( ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﻴﺮي و‬ASTM C 31) "‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬
31) and tested in accordance with "Standard Test ‫در آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس "روش آزﻣﻮن‬
Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical "‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي‬
Concrete Specimens" (ASTM C 39).
.‫( آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ASTM C 39)
9.2.3 Strength level of an individual class of ‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻫﺮ دو ﺷﺮط زﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ درﺟﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬3-2-9
concrete shall be considered satisfactory if both of :‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ رده ﺧﺎص ﻣﻮرد ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
the following requirements are met:

a) Average of all sets of three consecutive ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
strength tests equal or exceed f c . .‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬f c ‫از‬
b) No individual strength test (average of two ‫ب( ﻫﻴﭻ آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ )ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دو ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
cylinders) falls below f c by more than 3.5 ‫ ﻣﮕﺎ‬35 ‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬f c ‫اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي( ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
MPa when f c is 35MPa or less; or by more ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬f c ‫ ﻣﮕﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬3 / 5 ‫ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬،‫ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل اﺳﺖ‬
than 0.1 f c when f c is more than 35MPa.
‫ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬،‫ ﻣﮕﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل اﺳﺖ‬35 ‫ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬f c ‫ﻳﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
.‫ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬f c ‫ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬0/1 f c

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9.2.4 If either of the requirements of 9.2.3 are not ‫ ﮔﺎﻣﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬،‫ ﺑﺮآورده ﻧﺸﻮد‬3-2-9 ‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬4-2-9
met, steps shall be taken to increase the average of ‫ در‬.‫ﺟﻬﺖ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
subsequent strength test results. Requirements of
9.4. shall be observed if requirement of 9.2.3 (b)
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬4-9 ‫ ﺑﺮآورده ﻧﺸﻮد اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬3-2-9 (‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ )ب‬
is not met. .‫ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬

9.3 Field-Cured Specimens ‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﻛﺎرﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬3-9

9.3.1 The AR may require strength tests of ‫ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري و‬1-3-9
cylinders cured under field conditions to check ‫ آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ را روي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي‬،‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎزه‬
adequacy of curing and protection of concrete in
the structure. .‫ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪري ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‬

9.3.2 Field-cured cylinders shall be cured under ‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬2-3-9
field conditions in accordance with "Standard ‫در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و‬
Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
Specimens in the Field" (ASTM C 31M).
"‫ﻋﻤﻞآوري ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي آزﻣﻮن ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬
.‫( ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ASTM C 31M)
9.3.3 Field-cured test cylinders shall be molded at ‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬3-3-9
the same time and from the same samples as ‫در ﻳﻚ زﻣﺎن و از ﻫﻤﺎن ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬
laboratory-cured test cylinders.
.‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
9.3.4 Procedures for protecting and curing ‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬4-3-9
concrete shall be improved when strength of field- ‫ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬f c ‫ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه در ﺳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
cured cylinders at test age designated for
determination of fc’ is less than 85 percent of that
‫ درﺻﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه در آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه‬85
of companion laboratory-cured cylinders. The 85 ‫ اﮔﺮ‬.‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري و ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺻﻼح ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
percent limitation shall not apply if field-cured ‫ ﻣﮕﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬3/5 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬
strength exceeds f c by more than 3.5 MPa.
.‫ درﺻﺪ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮد‬85 ‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ‬،‫ ﺷﻮد‬f c ‫ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
9.4 Investigation of Low-Strength Test Results ‫ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬4-9
9.4.1 If any strength test (Clause 9.1.3) of ‫ اﮔﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬1-4-9
laboratory-cured cylinders falls below specified ‫ ﺑﻤﻴﺰان‬، f c ‫( در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ‬3-1-9 ‫ﺷﺪه در آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه )ﺑﺨﺶ‬
value of f c by more than value given in Clause
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ اﮔﺮ‬3-2-9 (‫ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﻨﺪ )ب‬
9.2.3(b) or if tests of field-cured cylinders indicate
deficiencies in protection and curing (Clause ‫آزﻣﻮن ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬
9.3.4), steps shall be taken to assure that load- ‫( ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﻧﻘﺺ در ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري و ﻋﻤﻞ‬4-3-9 ‫)ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
carrying capacity of the structure is not
jeopardized.
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﺎﻣﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻧﻴﻔﺘﺎدن‬،‫آوري ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮي ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
9.4.2 If the likelihood of low-strength concretes is ‫ اﮔﺮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻛﻠﻲ از ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ‬2-4-9
confirmed and computations indicate that load- ‫و ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮي ﺳﺎزه ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
carrying capacity may have been significantly
reduced, tests of cores drilled from the area in
‫ آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻐﺰهﮔﻴﺮي از ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻮرد‬،‫ﻃﻮر ﺑﺎرزي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
question may be required in accordance with ‫ﺳﺆال ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس "روش اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد آزﻣﻮن و ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻐﺰه و‬
"Standard Method of Obtaining and Testing ‫( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم‬ASTM C 42) ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺑﺮﻳﺪه ﺷﺪه ﺑﺘﻨﻲ" ﻃﺒﻖ‬
Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete"
(ASTM C 42). In such case, three cores shall be ‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
taken for each strength test more than value given -9 (‫ ﺑﻤﻴﺰان ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪ )ب‬f c ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
in Clause 9.2.3(b) below specified value of f c .
.‫ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻐﺰه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬3-2

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9.4.3 Cores shall be prepared for transport and ‫ آب ﺳﻮراﺧﻜﺎري ﻣﻐﺰهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺳﻄﻮح آن ﺧﺸﻚ‬3-4-9
storage by wiping drilling water from their ‫ﺷﻮد و ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮار دادن آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻛﻴﺴﻪﻫﺎي ﺿﺪ آب ﻳﺎ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي‬
surfaces and placing the cores in watertight bags
or containers immediately after drilling. Cores
‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﺘﻪﻛﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ و اﻧﺒﺎر‬
shall be tested no earlier than 48 hours and not 48 ‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ روي ﻣﻐﺰهﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ زودﺗﺮ از‬.‫ﻛﺮدن آﻣﺎده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
later than 7 days after coring unless approved by ‫ روز از ﻣﻐﺰه ﮔﻴﺮي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد ﻣﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ‬7 ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ و دﻳﺮﺗﺮ از‬
AR.
.‫ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬
9.4.4 Concrete in an area represented by core tests 85 ‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻐﺰه ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ‬4-4-9
shall be considered structurally adequate if the f c ‫ درﺻﺪ‬75 ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻫﻴﭽﻴﻚ از ﻣﻐﺰهﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬f c ‫درﺻﺪ‬
average of three cores is equal to at least 85
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻐﺰهﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺎزه اي ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻻزم را‬.‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
percent of f c and if no single core is less than 75
percent of f c . Additional testing of cores ‫ اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ از ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻐﺰهﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ‬.‫دارد‬
extracted from locations represented by erratic .‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻘﻮل ﻣﺠﺎز اﺳﺖ‬
core strength results shall be permitted.

9.4.5 If criteria of 9.4.4 are not met, and if ‫ ﺑﺮآورد ﻧﺸﺪه و اﮔﺮ‬،4-4-9 ‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ‬5-4-9
structural adequacy remains in doubt, the AR may ‫ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ دﺳﺘﻮر‬،‫ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺎزهاي ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺮدﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
order load tests as outlined in section 20 of ACI
ACI 318 M‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬20 ‫آزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري را ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
318 M for the questionable portion of the
structure, or take other appropriate action. ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺮدﻳﺪ ﺳﺎزه اﻧﺠﺎم داده ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت‬
.‫ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻲ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آورد‬
9.5 Preparation of Equipment and Place of ‫ آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬5-9
Deposit ‫ آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزﻳﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺑﺘــﻦ رﻳﺰي اﻧﺠﺎم‬1-5-9
9.5.1 preparation before concrete placement shall :‫ﺷﻮد‬
include the following:

a) All equipment for mixing and transporting .‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﺧﺘﻼط و ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
concrete shall be clean. ‫ب ( ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﺨﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎ و ﻳﺦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺧﺎرج‬
b) All debris and ice shall be removed from .‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
spaces to be occupied by concrete.
.‫ج ( ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
c) Forms shall be properly coated.
‫د ( اﻋﻀﺎي ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻛﻪ در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
d) Masonry filler units that will be in contact
with concrete shall be well drenched. .‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

e) Reinforcement shall be thoroughly clean of ‫ﻫ( آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻳﺦ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮاد زاﺋﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺎك‬
ice or other deleterious coating. .‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
f) Water shall be removed from place of ‫و ( آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ از رﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﺑﺘﻦ از ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺧﺎرج‬
deposit before concrete is placed unless a
tremie is to be used, or unless otherwise ‫ ﻣﮕﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ از ﻗﻴﻒ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در زﻳﺮ آب اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬،‫ﺷﻮد‬
permitted by the AR. .‫ﺷﻮد ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ روش دﻳﮕﺮي را ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
g) All laitance and other unsound material ‫ز ( ﭘﻴﺶ از ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در ﻣﺠﺎورت ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪه ﻗﺒﻠﻲ‬
shall be removed before additional concrete is .‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻴﺮه ﺑﺘﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ و ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻀﺮ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﺷﻮد‬
placed against hardened concrete.

9.6 Mixing ‫ اﺧﺘﻼط‬6-9

9.6.1 All concrete shall be mixed until there is a ‫ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﺮدن ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺼﻮرت‬1-6-9
uniform distribution of materials and shall be ‫ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻧﺸﺪهاﻧﺪ اداﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ و ﻛﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ از ﭘﺮ‬
discharged completely before mixer is recharged.
.‫ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺷﺪن ﻣﺠﺪد ﻣﺨﻠﻮطﻛﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬

23
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9.6.2 Ready-mixed concrete shall be mixed and ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ آﻣﺎده ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬2-6-9
delivered in accordance with requirements of ‫( ﻳﺎ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ASTM C 94) "‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ آﻣﺎده‬
"Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed
Concrete" (ASTM C 94) or "Standard
"‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﭽﻴﻨﮓ و ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﻦ‬
Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric .‫( ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ASTM C 685)
Batching and Continuous Mixing" (ASTM C 685).

9.6.3 Job-mixed concrete shall be mixed in ‫ اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﭘﺎي ﻛﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬3-6-9
accordance with the following: :‫ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
a) Mixing shall be done in a batch mixer of ،‫اﻟﻒ( اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﻦ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻪ اي ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه‬
approved type. .‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
b) Mixer shall be rotated at a speed ‫ب( ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬
recommended by the manufacturer.
.‫ﺑﭽﺮﺧﺪ‬
c) Mixing shall be continued for at least 1-½ ‫ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از‬1/5 ‫ج ( ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
min after all materials are in the drum, unless a ‫رﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮطﻛﻦ اداﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ‬
shorter time is shown to be satisfactory by the
mixing uniformity tests of "Standard
‫اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ اﺧﺘﻼط ﻃﺒﻖ‬
Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete" (ASTM C 94) "‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ آﻣﺎده‬
(ASTM C 94). .‫زﻣﺎن ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮي ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
d) Materials handling, batching, and mixing ‫ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي و اﺧﺘﻼط ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ‬،‫د ( ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ‬
shall also conform to applicable provisions of
ASTM C 94. .‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬ASTM C 94 ‫ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
e) A detailed record shall be kept to identify: ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﮕﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪه و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ‬،‫ﻫ( ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه‬
:‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
1) number of batches produced; ‫( ﺗﻌﺪاد دﻓﻌﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﺘﻦ؛‬1
2) proportions of materials used; ‫( ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ؛‬2
3) approximate location of final deposit in ‫( ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در ﺳﺎزه؛‬3
structure;
4) time and date of mixing and placing. .‫( زﻣﺎن و ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﺧﺘﻼط و ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬4

9.6.4 Normally, mechanical means shall be used ‫ ﺑﺮاي اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از اﺑﺰار ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬،ً‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ‬4-6-9
for concrete mixing, and hand mixing shall only ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد و اﺧﺘﻼط دﺳﺘﻲ در ﺻﻮرت اﺟﺎزه ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي‬
be allowed for small works, if approved by the
AR.
.‫ﻛﺎرﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل اﺳﺖ‬

9.6.5 Concrete mixing equipment shall be ‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي اﺑﻌﺎد ﺳﺎزه در ﺣﺎل‬5-6-9
sufficient for size of the structures to be ‫ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از‬،‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ زﻣﺎن ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬
constructed and the concreting schedules, taking
also into account the need to ensure continuous
.‫ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎزه را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
concreting for each structure.

9.6.6 Mechanical means shall be used for ‫ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم‬6-6-9
measuring concrete materials, and the concrete ‫ﺷﻮد و ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ و ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻃﻲ‬
composition shall be constant and identical with
those that proved to be optimum during the trial
.‫اﺧﺘﻼﻃﻬﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ رده ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
mixing for each class of concrete.

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9.7 Testing of Concrete ‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ‬7-9

9.7.1 Slump Test ‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﺳﻼﻣﭗ‬1-7-9
The slump test shall be performed in accordance ‫ "روش‬ASTM C 143 ‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﺳﻼﻣﭗ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
with ASTM C 143 "Test Method for Slump of
Portland Cement Concrete". .‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﺳﻼﻣﭗ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه از ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨﺪ" اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬

9.7.1.1 Different slumps are needed for various ‫ ﻻزم‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﻮاع ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰيﻫﺎ اﺳﻼﻣﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬1-1-7-9
placements of concrete which is usually indicated .‫اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺑﺘﻦ ذﻛﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
in the concrete specifications.

9.7.1.2 Slumps given in Table 9 are for concrete ‫ ﺑـﺮاي ﺑـﺘﻦ‬9 ‫ اﺳﻼﻣﭗﻫـﺎي داده ﺷـﺪه در ﺟـﺪول‬2-1-7-9
consolidation by mechanical vibration. .‫ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﺮزاﻧﻨﺪه ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
TABLE 9 - RECOMMENDED SLUMPS FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
‫ اﺳﻼﻣﭗ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﺮاي اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎزه‬-9 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

SLUMP, mm
CONCRETE (mm) ‫اﺳﻼﻣﭗ‬
CONSTRUCTION

‫ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬ MAXIMUM MINIMUM*

‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫*ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬

Reinforced foundation walls and footings ‫ﭘﻲ ﻫﺎ و دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬ 75 25

Plain footings, caissons, and substructure walls 75 25

‫ ﻛﻴﺴﻮنﻫﺎ و دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي زﻳﺮﺳﺎزه‬،‫ﻓﻮﻧﺪاﺳﻴﻮن ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬

Beams and reinforced wall ‫ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ و دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬ 100 25

Building columns ‫ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬ 100 25

Pavements and slabs ‫ﻛﻔﺴﺎزي ﻫﺎ و داﻟﻬﺎ‬ 75 25

Mass concrete ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺣﺠﻴﻢ‬ 50 25

*
* May be increased 25 mm for consolidation by ،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻴﻞ و ﻣﻴﻠﻪ‬،‫ﺑﺮاي روﺷﻬﺎي ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ دﺳﺘﻲ‬
hand methods such as rodding and spading. .‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬25 ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬
9.7.2 Sample test ‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي‬2-7-9
Testing shall include compressive tests of molded ‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ آزﻣﻮﻧﻬـﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫــﺎي‬
concrete cylinders, or cube (ASTM C 309) ‫( ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي‬ASTM C 309) ‫اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﻳﺎ ﻣﻜﻌﺒﻲ‬
depending on what the design has been based on
.‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي اﺳﻼﻣﭗ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
and slump tests for consistency.

9.7.2.1 Compressive test cylinders shall be ‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در‬1-2-7-9
prepared in sets of three cylinders for all tests. ‫ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺮي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬.‫ﺳﺮﻳﻬﺎي ﺳﻪﺗﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ آزﻣﻮن ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Specimens for each set shall be obtained at the
same time and from the same batch of concrete.
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻳﻚ زﻣﺎن و از ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﻫﻤﺎن ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬
Tests shall be made for each 60 cubic meter pour ‫ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ‬60‫ آزﻣﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ‬.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
or portion thereof. There shall be at least one test ‫ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻳﻚ آزﻣﻮن )ﺳﻪ‬.‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از آن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
(3 specimens) for each day’s concreting.
.‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ( ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ روز ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬

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9.7.2.2 Samples from which compression test ‫ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺸﺎر‬2-2-7-9
specimens are molded shall be secured in ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس "روش اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي از ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﺎزه ﻣﺨﻠﻮط‬
accordance with "Standard Method of Sampling
Freshly Mixed Concrete" (ASTM C172). .‫( ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ASTM C172) "‫ﺷﺪه‬
Specimens made to check the adequacy of the ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ‬
proportions for strength of concrete or as a basis ‫ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ "ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
for acceptance of concrete shall be made and
laboratory cured in accordance with "Standard "‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬
Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test .‫( ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و در آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻤﻞآوري ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ASTM C31)
Specimens in the Field "(ASTM C31).

9.7.2.3 Each set of cylinders shall be tested as ‫ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺮي از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺸﺮح زﻳﺮ‬3-2-7-9
follows: :‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
One cylinder at 7 days and, .‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در روز ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‬
Two cylinders at 28 days for acceptance. .‫دو ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در روز ﺑﻴﺴﺖ و ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺬﻳﺮش‬

9.7.2.4 The strength level of the concrete will be ‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﺗﻠﻘﻲ‬4-2-7-9
considered satisfactory so long as the averages of ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﺮﻳﻬﺎي ﺳﻪﺗﺎﻳﻲ‬
all sets of (3) three consecutive strength test
results equal or exceed the specified 28 day
‫ روزه‬28 ‫ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ‬،‫ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬
crushing strength, and no individual strength test 2/5 ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻫﻴﭽﻴﻚ از ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
result falls below the specified strength by more .‫ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ از ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
than 2.5 MPa.

10. HANDLING, WORKING AND CURING ‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﺘﻦ‬،‫ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ‬-10
OF CONCRETE
10.1 Handling of Concrete on Site ‫ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬1-10
a) The method of concrete conveyance (e.g. by ،‫ ﻧﻮار ﻧﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬،‫ ﺳﻄﻞ‬:‫اﻟﻒ( روش ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ )ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل‬
skip, conveyor belt, pumping, compressed air)
and the composition of the concrete shall be ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﺮدن و ﻫﻮاي ﻓﺸﺮده( و ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت آن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮي‬
coordinated so as to prevent segregation. .‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ از ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ اﺟﺰاء ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
b) Conveying equipment shall be capable of ‫ب( ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ‬
providing a supply of concrete at site of ‫رﻳﺰي را ﺑﺪون ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ اﺟﺰاء و ﺑﺪون وﻗﻔﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ از‬
placement without separation of ingredients
and without interruptions sufficient to permit .‫ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫دﺳﺖ دادن ﺣﺎﻟﺖ رواﻧﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
loss of plasticity between successive
increments

c) Segregation shall also be prevented when ‫ج( ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪن اﺟﺰاء ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ داﺧﻞ‬
concrete is poured into column or wall ‫ ﻳﻚ‬.‫ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي ﺳﺘﻮن ﻳﺎ دﻳﻮار رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
formwork, one way of achieving this being to
pour the concrete through downpipes which
‫ ﺑﺘﻦرﻳﺰي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺎوداﻧﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬،‫روش ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬
terminate only a short distance above the point ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ را ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬،‫اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻛﻤﻲ از ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬
of deposit. .‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬
d) The use of pipes made of light metal is not ‫د ( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻠﺰي ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﺮدن‬
permitted for pumping purposes. .‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
e) The layout of pipes for conveying pumpable ‫ﻫ( اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
concrete shall be such as to ensure an ‫ﺑﺼﻮرﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺪون ﻗﻄﻊ را در داﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬
uninterrupted flow of concrete through the
pipes. Where concrete is conveyed by
‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻮار ﻧﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ‬.‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
conveyor belt, scrapers and devices for holding ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ و ادواﺗﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺑﺘﻦ در‬،‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬

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the concrete together shall be provided at the .‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
throw-off point.
‫ﭼﭽﭽﭻ‬

f) When placing concrete, care shall be taken ‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻳﺎ ﺳﻄﻮح‬،‫و( ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬
that any reinforcement, fittings, or formwork ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪي ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي آﻣﺎده‬
surfaces, etc. in position for a later concreting
phase do not become encrusted with concrete. .‫ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ آﻏﺸﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‬

10.2 Depositing ‫ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ‬2-10

10.2.1 Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ از ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬1-2-10
practical in its final position to avoid segregation ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ آن ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ از ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ داﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ و‬
due to rehandling or flowing.
.‫ﺟﺎري ﺷﺪن ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
10.2.2 Concreting shall be carried on at such a rate ‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺣﺪي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻮاره‬2-2-10
that concrete is at all times plastic and flows ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻤﻴﺮي آن ﺣﺬف ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬
readily into spaces between reinforcement.
.‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
10.2.3 Concrete that has partially hardened or ‫ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪي ﺳﻔﺖ ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬3-2-10
been contaminated by foreign materials shall not .‫آﻟﻮده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺳﺎزه ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬
be deposited in the structure.

10.2.4 Retempered concrete or concrete that has ‫ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﮔﻴﺮش اﺑﺘﺪاﻳﻲ دوﺑﺎره ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ‬4-2-10
been remixed after initial set shall not be used ‫آب داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد ﻣﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺟﺎزه‬
unless approved by the AR.
.‫ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬
10.2.5 After concreting is started, it shall be ‫ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺗﺎ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺷﺮوع ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬5-2-10
carried on as a continuous operation until placing ‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻮﻗﻒ و ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮز ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻳﺎ‬
of a panel or section, as defined by its boundaries
or predetermined joints, is completed except as
‫درزﻫﺎي از ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه اداﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺑﺠﺰ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬
permitted or prohibited by Clause 12. .‫ ﻣﺠﺎز ﻳﺎ ﻣﻤﻨﻮع ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬12 ‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬

10.2.6 Top surfaces of vertically formed lifts shall ‫ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮدي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺮاز‬6-2-10
be generally level. .‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
10.2.7 When construction joints are required, ‫ درزﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬7-2-10
joints shall be made in accordance with Clause 12. .‫ اﺟﺮا ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬12 ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
10.2.8 All concrete shall be thoroughly compacted ً‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در ﺣﻴﻦ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﻛﺎﻣﻼ‬8-2-10
(consolidated) by suitable means during ‫ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ )ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ( ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﺎﻣﻞ اﻃﺮاف آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ و‬
placement and shall be thoroughly worked around
reinforcement and embedded fixtures and into
.‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻛﺎر ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ ﺷـــﺪه و ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ را ﭘﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
corners of forms.

10.3 Working of Concrete ‫ اﺟﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬3-10

10.3.1 Working Time ‫ زﻣﺎن اﺟﺮا‬1-3-10
Plain concrete shall be worked as soon as possible ‫اﺟﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ اﺧﺘﻼط و ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ آﻣﺎده‬
after mixing, and ready-mixed concrete as soon as ‫ اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ‬،‫ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ‬.‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
possible after delivery. In any event, this shall be
before it stiffens or changes in composition. The .‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ از ﺳﻔﺖ ﺷﺪن ﻳﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ در ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد‬
total time for mixing, transportation and pouring
of the concrete should generally not exceed 60 ‫ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬60 ‫ ﺣﻤﻞ و رﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬،‫زﻣﺎن ﻛﻞ اﺧﺘﻼط‬
minutes under conditions that prevent segregation ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل اﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ ﺿﻤﻦ آﻧﻜﻪ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ از ﺟﺪاﺷﺪن اﺟﺰاء‬
and maintain workability.
.‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي و ﻛﺎرآﻳﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﻮد‬

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10.3.2 Compaction (Consolidation) (‫ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ )ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ‬2-3-10

1) Reinforcing bars shall be densely embedded ‫( آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻮد ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺲ از‬1
in concrete, which shall be thoroughly ‫ ﺗﻜﺎن‬،‫ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ زدن‬،‫ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ )ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ( ﺑﺘﻦ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﺮزاﻧﺪان‬
compacted (consolidated) by means of
vibration, punning, tamping, rapping of ‫دادن ﻗﺎﻟﺐ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋه در ﮔﻮﺷﻪﻫﺎ و ﻛﻨﺎرﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬
formwork, etc., particularly in corners and .‫دﭼﺎر ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬
along the sides of the formwork.

2) While compacting (consolidating) by ‫ ﻟﺮزاﻧﺪن‬،‫( ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ )ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ( ﺑﻪ روﺷﻬﺎي وﻳﺒﺮه ﻛﺮدن‬2
vibration methods, surface vibrators shall ‫ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ آراﻣﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮده ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺘﻦ زﻳﺮﻳﻦ‬
move slowly to enable the concrete below to
soften while leaving behind them a solid mass.
‫ و ﺑﺘﻦ زﻳﺮ آن ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮده ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ و ﺳﻔﺖ‬،‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﺮم درآﻣﺪه‬
Where powerful surface vibrators are used, the ‫ درﻣﻮارﻳﻜﻪ از ﻟﺮزاﻧﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﭘﺮﻗﺪرت‬.‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﻮد‬
layer of concrete after compaction should be ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬
not more than 200 mm deep. Where formwork
vibrators are used, it shall be borne in mind ‫ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ از ﻟﺮزاﻧﻨﺪهﻫﺎي‬.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬200 ‫ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
that the depth to which they are able to ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺖ ﻋﻤﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ‬،‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
compact the concrete is limited, this also
depending on the design of the formwork. ‫ﻟﺮزاﻧﻨﺪهﻫﺎ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺑﺘﻦ را دارﻧﺪ ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻪ‬
.‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد‬
3) Concrete with consistence range of soft to ‫( ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﻧﺮم ﺗﺎ روان را ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺸﺮط اﻳﺠﺎد ﻳﻚ‬3
flowing properties may also be compacted ‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ زدن‬،‫ﺗﻮده ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ و ﺑﺪون ﺣﻔﺮه‬
(consolidated) by punning, taking care to work
the concrete thoroughly to form a solid, void-
.‫ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
free mass.

4) Tamping may be used for concrete of stiff ‫( روش ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪن ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ‬4
consistence, the concrete after compaction 150 ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪن ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬.‫ﺑﺎﻻ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
being not more than 150 mm in depth.
Tamping shall preferably be by mechanical
‫ ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪن ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬.‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻋﻤﻖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
means, .‫وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
although hand tamping is also permitted, and ‫اﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪن دﺳﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺠﺎز اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻧﺮم‬
shall be carried out until the concrete softens
whilst acquiring a closed surface structure. ‫ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از ﻻﻳﻪ‬.‫ﺷﺪن ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ اداﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
Individual layers should, where possible, be ‫ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﻋﻤﻮد ﺑﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪن‬
normal to the direction of compression, and
tamping shall be in the direction of ‫ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬.‫در ﺟﻬﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
compression. Where this is not possible, the ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻤﻴﺮي را ﺟﻬﺖ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از‬
concrete shall be at least of plastic consistence
in order to ensure that there are no tamping .‫ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد درز ﻣﻮازي ﺑﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
joints parallel to the direction of compression.

5) If no provision is made for construction ،‫( در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﺒﻮد ﺿﻮاﺑﻄﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ درزﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬5
joints, the time intervals between placing ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
individual layers shall be kept as short as
possible since, to achieve an effective bond
‫ ﺗﺎ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻣﺆﺛﺮي ﺑﻴﻦ‬،‫ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
between layers, no new layer shall be placed ‫ از ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي روي ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ از ﭘﻴﺶ‬.‫ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﻮد‬
on one which has already set. Where ‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ از ﻟﺮزاﻧﻨﺪهﻫﺎي‬.‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﻮدداري ﻛﺮد‬
immersion vibrators are used, the head shall
penetrate into the lower layer, in which ‫ ﺳﺮ وﻳﺒﺮه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻗﺎﺋﻢ در‬،‫ﻏﻮﻃﻪور اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
compaction has already taken place. .‫ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻛﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻻﻳﻪ زﻳﺮي ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼً ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ ﺷﺪه‬

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10.4 Curing ‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬4-10

10.4.1 Concrete (other than high-early-strength) ‫ درﺟﻪ‬10 ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ )ﺑﺠﺰ ﺑﺘﻦ زود ﮔﻴﺮ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي‬1-4-10
shall be maintained above 10°C and in a moist ‫ روز ﺑﻌﺪ از‬7 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد و در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
condition for at least the first 7 days after
placement, except when cured in accordance with ‫ ﺑﺠﺰ ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺑﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺘﻦرﻳﺰي ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
10.4.7. .‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬7-4-10

10.4.2 High-early-strength concrete shall be ‫ درﺟﻪ‬10 ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ زود ﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي‬2-4-10
maintained above 10°C and in a moist condition ‫ روز ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬3 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد و در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
for at least the first 3 days, except when cured in
.‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬7-4-10‫ﺷﻮد ﺑﺠﺰ ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺑﻨﺪ‬
accordance with 10.4.7.

10.4.3 Until it has sufficiently hardened, concrete ‫ ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺳﻔﺖ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از اﺛﺮات ﻣﻀﺮ‬3-4-10
shall be protected from harmful effects such as ‫ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪن ﭘﻴﺶ از ﻣﻮﻋﺪ‬،‫ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ و ﺳﺮﻣﺎي ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬:‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
severe cooling or heating, premature drying out
(including by wind), leaching out by rain or
،‫ ﺧﻴﺲ ﺷﺪن ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎران و ﻳﺎ آب ﺟﺎري‬،(‫)از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺎد‬
flowing water, chemical attack, or vibration and ‫ ﻟﺮزش و ﺿﺮﺑﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ‬،‫ﺗﻬﺎﺟﻢ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬
impact which may disrupt the concrete and ‫ اﻳﻦ‬.‫ﺑﺘﻦ و اﺗﺼﺎل آن ﺑﺎ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺑﻌﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ‬
interfere with its bond to the reinforcement. This
shall also apply to sealing mortar and to the ‫اﻣﺮ در ﻣﻼﺗﻬﺎي آب ﺑﻨﺪي و ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در درزﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻦ‬
concrete used as a filler for joints between precast .‫اﻋﻀﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮد‬
members.

10.4.4 On flat surfaces such as pavements, ‫ ﭘﻴﺎده روﻫﺎ و‬،‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺳﻄﻮح اﻓﻘﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻔﺴﺎزﻳﻬﺎ‬4-4-10
sidewalks and floors, curing can be accomplished ‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻮﻃﻪوري ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ‬،‫ﻛﻔﻬﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي‬
by immersion of the finished concrete, called
ponding, which will prevent loss of moisture and
‫ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﻳﺮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ از دﺳﺖ دادن‬،‫ﻏﺮﻗﺎب ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪه ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
is effective for maintaining a uniform temperature ‫ دﻣﺎي‬.‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺣﻔﻆ دﻣﺎي ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
in the concrete. The curing water temperature ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺳﺮدﺗﺮ از‬11 ‫آب ﻋﻤﻞآوري ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
should not be more than 11°C cooler than the
concrete to prevent thermal stresses that could ‫دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ از اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﺮك ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﻨﺸﻬﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
result in cracking. .‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
10.4.5 Plastic sheet materials such as polyethylene ‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ورﻗﻬﺎي ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎي‬5-4-10
film used for curing concrete should conform to ‫ﭘﻠﻲاﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ‬
ASTM C 171.
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ASTM C 171 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
10.4.6 Curing compound should conform to ‫ ﺗـــﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻣﻮاد ﻋﻤــﻞآوري ﺑــﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑـــﻖ ﺑﺎ‬6-4-10
ASTM C 309. .‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ASTM C 309
10.4.7 Accelerated curing ‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬7-4-10
10.4.7.1 Curing by high pressure steam, steam at ،‫ ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺟﻮ‬،‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻ‬1-7-4-10
atmospheric pressure, heat and moisture, or other ‫ﺣﺮارت و رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻗﺒﻮل ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ‬
accepted processes, shall be permitted to
accelerate strength gain and reduce time of curing. ‫ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ در ﻛﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ زﻣﺎن ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺻﻮرت‬
.‫ ﻣﺠﺎز اﺳﺖ‬،‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬
10.4.7.2 Accelerated curing shall provide a ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﺘﻦ در‬،‫ درﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬2-7-4-10
compressive strength of the concrete at the load ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ را ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬
stage considered at least equal to required design
strength at that load stage.
.‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ در آن ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬

10.4.7.3 Members subjected to heat treatment ‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺳﻔﺖ ﺷﺪن اﻋﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ‬3-7-4-10
shall be kept moist since hardening is not ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً در زﻣﺎن ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
generally completed by the end of the treatment

29
 Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬ IPS-C-CE-200(1)
and the concrete dries out considerably during ‫ آب از دﺳﺖ‬،‫ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮد و ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺮد ﺷﺪن‬
cooling.
.‫ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ اﻳﻦ اﻋﻀﺎء ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻲدﻫﻨﺪ‬
10.4.7.4 Curing process shall be such as to ‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎدوام و‬4-7-4-10
produce concrete with durability at least ‫ ﻳﺎ‬1-4-10 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻌﺎدل روﺷﻬﺎي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
equivalent to the curing method of 10.4.1 or
10.4.2.
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬2-4-10

10.4.7.5 When required by the AR, supplementary ‫ در ﺻﻮرت درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ‬5-7-4-10
strength tests in accordance with 9.3 shall be ‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن‬3-9 ‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎي ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺑﻨﺪ‬
performed to assure that curing is satisfactory.
.‫از ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺑﺘﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
10.4.8 Cold weather concreting ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در ﻫﻮاي ﺳﺮد‬8-4-10
‫آب و ﻫﻮاي ﺳﺮد ﺑﻪ آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ اﺗﻼق ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ دﻣﺎي‬
Cold weather is defined as that in which average
daily temperature is less than 5°C, except that if ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺠﺰ ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ‬5 ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ روزاﻧﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
temperatures above 10°C occur during at least 12 ‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ از روز وﺟﻮد‬12 ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﻃﻲ‬10 ‫دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي‬
hours in any day, the concrete should no longer be ‫داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺘﻦ‬
regarded as winter concrete and normal curing ‫زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد و ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺮاي آن‬
practice should apply. For recommended concrete
10 ‫ ﺑﺮاي دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول‬.‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
temperatures see Table 10.
.‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
10.4.8.1 Adequate equipment shall be provided ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮم ﻛﺮدن ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ در دﻣﺎي‬1-8-4-10
for heating concrete materials and protecting .‫زﻳﺮ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ آن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
concrete during freezing or near-freezing weather.

10.4.8.2 All concrete materials and reinforcement, ‫ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ و زﻣﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﺘﻦ و آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬2-8-4-10
forms, fillers, and ground with which concrete is ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﺎري از‬،‫و آﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﺗﻤﺎس ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
to come in contact shall be free from frost.
.‫ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
10.4.8.3 Frozen materials or materials containing .‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻳﺦ زده ﻳﺎ آﻏﺸﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر روﻧﺪ‬3-8-4-10
ice shall not be used.

10.4.8.4 Concrete that has been frozen just once at ‫ ﻳﺦ زده‬،‫ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻜﺒﺎر در اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬4-8-4-10
an early age may be restored to early normal ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬
strength by providing favorable curing conditions.
Such concrete, however, is not as resistant to
‫ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ را ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان‬.‫ﻋﺎدي ﺧﻮد ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬
weathering nor is it as water tight as concrete that ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺳﺨﺖ آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ آب ﺑﻨﺪ‬
has not been frozen. Air-Entrained concrete is less ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻫﻮا داده در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺪون ﻫﻮا آﺳﻴﺐ‬.‫در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
susceptible to damage by early freezing than
concrete without entrained air. .‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮي در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻳﺦ زدﮔــﻲ زود رس ﻣﻲﺑﻴﻨﺪ‬

10.4.8.5 Concrete should not be cast on frozen ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ روي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻳﺦ زده ﻳﺎ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﺦ زده‬5-8-4-10
concrete or on frozen ground. Aggregate shall be ‫ در‬.‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺑﺮف و ﻳﺦ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬.‫رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
free from snow, ice and frost. If required, the
water and, where necessary, the aggregate shall be
‫ آب در دﻣﺎي‬.‫ﺻﻮرت ﻟﺰوم آب و ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﺮم ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
preheated. Water at a temperature of above +70°C ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺷﺪه‬70 ‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬
shall first be mixed with the aggregate before ‫ ﺑﻮﻳﮋه ﺑﺮاي ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻻﻏﺮ‬.‫و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ آن ﺳﻴﻤﺎن اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
cement is added. Particularly for slender members
it is advisable to increase the cement content or to ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺳﻴﻤﺎن اﻓﺰوده ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ از ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
use cement of a higher strength class, or both. .‫ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
10.4.8.6 Accelerators shall not be used as a ‫ زودﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﺮاي‬6-8-4-10
substitute for proper curing and frost protection. ‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت‬.‫ﻋﻤﻞ آوري و ﺿﺪﻳﺦ ﺑﻜﺎر روﻧﺪ‬
Also, the use of antifreeze compounds or other

30
 Feb. 2009 / 1387 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬ IPS-C-CE-200(1)
materials to lower the freezing point of concrete ‫ﺿﺪﻳﺦ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اﻧﺠﻤﺎد ﺑﺘـﻦ را ﭘﺎﻳﻴـﻦ‬
shall not be permitted.
.‫ ﻣﺠـﺎز ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻲﺑﺮﻧﺪ‬
10.4.8.7 Accelerators containing chlorides should ‫ زودﮔﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي ﻛﻠﺮاﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ‬7-8-4-10
not be used where there is an inservice potential .‫ ﺑﻜﺎر روﻧﺪ‬،‫ﻛﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ وﺟﻮد دارد‬
for corrosion.

10.4.8.8 During cold weather, the concrete mixing ‫ دﻣﺎي ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ در آب و ﻫﻮاي ﺳﺮد‬8-8-4-10
temperature should be controlled so that when the ‫ ﺑﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم رﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ دﻣﺎي آن‬،‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﻮد‬
concrete is placed its temperature is not below the
values shown in Line 1 of Table 10. Placement
.‫ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬10 ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه در ردﻳﻒ اول ﺟﺪول‬
temperatures should not be higher than the ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬11 ‫دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
minimum values by more than 11° C. .‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The mixing temperature should not be more than ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﺎﻻي ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬8 ‫دﻣﺎي ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
8° C above the recommended values in Lines 2, 3,
and 4. .‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬4 ‫ و‬3 ، 2 ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه در ردﻳﻒ ﻫﺎي‬

TABLE 10 - RECOMMENDED CONCRETE TEMPERATURE FOR COLD-WEATHER

CONSTRUCTION; AIR-ENTRAINED CONCRETE
‫ دﻣﺎي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻫﻮاي ﺳﺮد؛ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻫﻮا داده‬-10 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

Section size, minimum dimension, in. (mm)

Line Air temperature (‫ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ اﻳﻨﭻ )ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬،‫ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬

‫ردﻳﻒ‬ ‫دﻣﺎي ﻫﻮا‬
< 12 in. 12-36 in. 36-72 in. > 72 in.
(300 mm) (300-900 mm) (900-1800 mm) (1800 mm)

Minimum concrete temperature as placed and maintained

‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬

1 - 13° C 10° C 7° C 5° C

Minimum concrete temperature as mixed for indicated air temperature*

*‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﺧﺘﻼط در دﻣﺎي ﻫﻮاي ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه‬

2 ‫ ﺑﺎﻻ‬Above -1° C 16° C 13° C 10° C 7° C

3
‫ ﺑﻴﻦ‬-18 to -1° C 18° C 16° C 13° C 10° C
4
‫ زﻳﺮ‬Below -18° C 21° C 18° C 16° C 13° C

Maximum allowable gradual temperature drop in first 24 hr after end of protection

‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬24 ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ اﻓﺖ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻲ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ در اوﻟﻴﻦ‬

5 - 28° C 22° C 17° C 11° C

*For colder weather a greater margin in ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﻴﻦ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ‬،‫* ﺑﺮاي ﻫﻮاي ﺳﺮدﺗﺮ‬
temperature is provided between concrete as .‫ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬،‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺷﺪه و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﺎزه‬
mixed and required minimum temperature of fresh
concrete in place.

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10.4.8.9 Table 11-A gives the minimum length of ‫ اﻟﻒ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻃﻮل دوره ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در‬-11 ‫ در ﺟﺪول‬9-8-4-10
the protection period at the temperatures given in ‫ و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬10 ‫ ﺟﺪول‬1 ‫دﻣﺎﻫﺎي داده ﺷﺪه در ردﻳﻒ‬
Line 1 of Table 10 and the service category. These
minimum protection periods are recommended ‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞﻫﺎي ﻳﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺑﺠﺰ‬.‫دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد آﻧﻬﺎ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
unless the in-place strength of the concrete has
attained a previously established value. The ،‫در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻗﺒﻼً ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺧﻮد رﺳﻴﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
service categories are as follows: :‫ اﻧﻮاع ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮار زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
Category 1: No load, not exposed - This category
includes foundations and substructures that are not ‫ اﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬،‫ ﺑﺪون ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري و ﻏﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎن‬:1 ‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬
subject to early load, and, because they are buried ‫ﺷﺎﻟﻮدهﻫﺎ و زﻳﺮﺳـﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎرﮔـﺬاري اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
deep within the ground or are backfilled, will
undergo little or no freezing and thawing in ‫ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ زﻳﺮا ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ دﻓﻦ ﺷﺪن در اﻋﻤﺎق ﺧﺎك ﻳﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪه‬
service. ‫ دﭼﺎر ﭘﺪﻳﺪه ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ و آب ﺷﺪﮔﻲ‬،‫ﺷﺪن ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪرت‬
.‫ﺷﺪه و ﻳﺎ اﺻﻼً ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

Category 2: No load exposed - This category ‫ اﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎي‬،‫ ﺑﺪون ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري و ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎن‬:2 ‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬
includes massive piers and dams that have
surfaces exposed to freezing and weathering in ‫ﺣﺠﻴﻢ و ﺳﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎن در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ‬
service but has no early strength requirements. ‫و ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ دارﻧﺪ اﻣﺎ ﻧﻴﺎزي ﺑﻪ رﺳﻴﺪن ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ‬
.‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ‬
Category 3: Partial load, exposed - The third ‫ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺳﻮم ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬،‫ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه و ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎن‬:3 ‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬
category includes structures exposed to the ‫ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي در ﻣﻌﺮض آب و ﻫﻮا ﺑﻮده ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
weather that may be subjected to small, early-age
loads compared with their design strengths and
‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
will have an opportunity for additional strength ‫آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ و اﻣﻜﺎن اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ از اﻋﻤﺎل‬
development prior to the application of design ‫ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺘﻦ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮل‬.‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ وﺟﻮد دارد‬
loads. In such cases, the concrete should have at
least the length of protection recommended for ‫ اﻟﻒ‬-11 ‫دوره ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﻪ ﺳﻮم از ﺟﺪول‬
Category 3 in Table 11-A. .‫را ﻃﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
Category 4: Full load - This category includes ‫ اﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي‬،‫ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه‬:4 ‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬
structural concrete requiring temporary
construction supports to safely resist construction ‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻳﻤﻦ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬
loads. .‫زﻣﺎن ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

Part B of Table 11 has been adapted from Table ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬6.8 ‫ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از ﺟﺪول‬11 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ )ب( از ﺟﺪول‬
6.8 of ACI 306. The values shown are ‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺎ‬.‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ACI 306
approximations and will vary according to the
.‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎي اﺧﺘﻼط و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ‬
thickness of concrete, mix proportions, etc. They
are intended to represent the ages at which ‫زﻣﺎن ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎه ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ در اﻳﻦ ﺟﺪول اراﺋﻪ‬
supporting forms can be removed. For ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬10 ‫ ﺑﺮاي دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول‬.‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
recommended concrete temperatures, see Table
10. .‫ﺷﻮد‬

10.4.8.10 The concrete carried by the ready mix ‫ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻴﻜﺴﺮ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﭘﻴﺶ از‬10-8-4-10
truck to the site should be placed in the forms ‫ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در‬10‫ ﺟﺪول‬4 ‫آﻧﻜﻪ دﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ردﻳﻒ‬
before its temperature drops below that given on
line 4 of Table 10 and that temperature should be ،‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد و دﻣﺎي ﻳﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن دوره ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬
maintained for the duration of the protection
period. .‫ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﻮد‬

10.4.8.11 Columns and walls should not be cast ‫ ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ و دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ روي ﺷﺎﻟﻮدهﻫﺎي‬11-8-4-10
on frozen foundations, because chilling the bottom ‫ ﭼﻮن ﺳﺮدﺷﺪن ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دﻳﻮار ﻳﺎ‬،‫ﻳﺦ زده ﺑﺘﻦرﻳﺰي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
of the column or wall will cause weak concrete.
.‫ﺳﺘﻮن ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻒ آن ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬

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10.4.8.12 Heat can be retained in the concrete by ‫ ﺣﺮارت ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪن آن ﺗﻮﺳﻂ روﻛﺸﻬﺎي‬12-8-4-10
covering it with commercial insulating blanket or ‫ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ﻋﺎﻳﻖﻛﺎري راﻳﺞ و ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﻮد‬
other insulating materials, which should be kept
dry and in close contact with concrete or
.‫ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﺸﻚ و در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎزدﻫﻲ‬
formwork for maximum efficiency.
‫( ﺑﺮاي ﻋﺎﻳﻖﻫﺎي‬R ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت )ﻣﻘﺪار‬
The resistance to heat transfer (R) values for .‫ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬12 ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮل در ﺟﺪول‬
common insulation materials are given in Table
12.

10.4.8.13 Insulating blankets for construction are ‫ از‬،‫ روﻛﺸﻬﺎي ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬13-8-4-10
made of fiberglass, sponge rubber, open-cell ،‫ ﻓﻮم ﭘﻠﻲ ﻳﻮرﺗﺎن ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‬،‫ اﺳﻔﻨﺞ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬،‫ﻣﻮاد ﭘﺸﻢ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
polyurethane foam, vinyl foam, mineral wool, or
cellulose fibers. The outer covers are made of
.‫ ﭘﺸﻢ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻳﺎ اﻟﻴﺎف ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﻓﻮم وﻳﻨﻴﻞ‬
canvas, woven polyethylene, or other tough ‫ ﭘﻠﻲاﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻟﻴﺎف ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬،‫ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ از ﻛﺘﺎن‬
fabrics that will take rough handling. .‫ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
10.4.8.14 No concrete shall be placed during ‫ ﺑﺮف‬،‫ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺘﻦ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺎرش ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎران‬14-8-4-10
heavy rain, snow or when ambient temperature ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﻣﮕﺮ اﻳﻦ‬-18 ‫ﻳﺎ دﻣﺎي زﻳﺮ‬
falls below -18°C, unless proper sheltering or
heated enclosure are provided and written
‫ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﭘﻨﺎه ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد و ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬
approval of AR is obtained. .‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬

TABLE 11 - A) LENGTH OF PROTECTION PERIOD FOR CONCRETE PLACED DURING COLD

WEATHER
‫ اﻟﻒ( ﻃﻮل دوره ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در ﻫﻮاي ﺳﺮد‬-11 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

Protection period at temperature indicated in line

1 of Table 10, days*
‫ ﺑﺮ‬10 ‫ ﺟﺪول‬1 ‫دوره ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در دﻣﺎي ﻣﺬﻛﻮر در ردﻳﻒ‬
*‫ﺣﺴﺐ روز‬
Type III cement, or
Line Service category accelerating admixture, or
‫ردﻳﻒ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي‬ 100 lb/yd3 (60 kg/m3) of
additional cement
Type I or II cement
‫ ﻳﺎ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ‬III ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻧﻮع‬
II ‫ ﻳﺎ‬I ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻧﻮع‬
‫زودﮔﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن اﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در‬60 ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
1 1- no load, not exposed ‫ ﻏﻴﺮﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎن‬،‫ﺑﺪون ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري‬ 2 1

2 2- no load, exposed ‫ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎن‬،‫ﺑﺪون ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري‬ 3 2

3 3- partial load, exposed ‫ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎن‬،‫ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه‬ 6 4

4 4- full load ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه‬ See chapter 6 ACI 306 R

‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 306 R ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬6 ‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ‬

* A day is a 24 hr period .‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬24 ‫* ﻫﺮروز ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻳﻚ دوره‬

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TABLE 11-B) DURATION OF RECOMMENDED PROTECTION FOR PERCENTAGE OF

STANDARD-CURED 28-DAY STRENGTH*
‫ روزه ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺼﻮرت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬28 ‫ ب( ﻣﺪت ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي درﺻﺪ ﻻزم از ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي‬-11 ‫*ﺟﺪول‬

REQUIRED DAYS AT 10°C DAYS AT 21°C

PERCENTAGE OF ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬10 ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد روز دردﻣﺎي‬ ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬21 ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد روز دردﻣﺎي‬
DESIGN STRENGTH
TYPE OF PORTLAND CEMENT TYPE OF PORTLAND CEMENT
‫درﺻﺪ ﻻزم از ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻃﺮح‬
‫ﻧﻮع ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨﺪ‬
fc ASTM I II III ASTM I II III
50 6 9 3 4 6 3
65 11 14 5 8 10 4
85 21 28 16 16 18 12
95 29 35 26 23 24 20

*
* The 28-day strength for each type of cement was ‫در ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ درﺻﺪﻫﺎي ﻻزم از‬
considered as 100 percent in determining the ،‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬21 ‫ و‬10 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬
times to reach various percentages of this strength
for curing 10° C and 21° C. These times are only
‫ درﺻﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬100 ‫ روزه ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻣﻌﺎدل‬28 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬
approximate, and specific values should be ‫ اﻳﻦ زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺑﻮده و ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
obtained for the concrete used on the job. .‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
TABLE 12 – THERMAL RESISTANCE OF VARIOUS INSULATING MATERIALS
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﻨﺪي‬-12 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
THERMAL RESISTANCE, R
FOR THESE THICKNESSES OF
INSULATING MATERIAL MATERIAL *
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﻨﺪي‬ *‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬R ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬

1 in., hr.ft 2.F/Btu 10 mm, m 2.K/W

Board and Slabs ‫داﻟﻬﺎ و ﺻﻔﺤﺎت‬

Expanded polyurethane (R-11 exp.) ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭘﻠﻲ ﻳﻮرﺗﺎن‬ 6.25 0.438

Expanded polystyrene extruded (R-12 exp.) ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﻳﺮن‬ 5.00 0.347

Expanded polystyrene extruded, plain ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﻳﺮن ﻣﺴﻄﺢ‬ 4.00 0.277

Glass fiber, organic bonded ‫ ﺑﺎ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت آﻟﻲ‬،‫ﭘﺸﻢ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬ 4.00 0.277

Expanded polystyrene, molded beads ‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﻳﺮن داﻧﻪ اي‬ 3.57 0.247

Mineral fiber with resin binder ‫اﻟﻴﺎف ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ذرات رزﻳﻦ‬ 3.45 0.239

Mineral fiber board, wet felted ‫ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ زده ﺷﺪه‬،‫اﻟﻴﺎف ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺗﺨﺖ ﻧﻤﺪﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ 2.94 0.204

Sheathing, regular density ‫ ﺑﺎ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬،‫ورق ﻛﺎري‬ 2.63 0.182

Cellular glass ‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ روزﻧﻪ دار‬ 2.63 0.182

Laminated paperboard ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﻣﻘﻮا ﭼﻨﺪ ﻻﻳﻪ‬ 2.00 0.139

Particle board (low density) (‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﺧﺮده )ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ 1.85 0.128

To be continued ‫اداﻣﻪ دارد‬

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TABLE 12 – Continued 12 ‫اداﻣﻪ ﺟﺪول‬

THERMAL RESISTANCE, R
INSULATING MATERIAL FOR THESE THICKNESSES OF
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﻨﺪي‬ MATERIAL *
*‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬R ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬

Plywood ‫ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻻﻳﻲ‬ 1.25 0.087

Blanket ‫روﻛﺶ‬

Mineral fiber, fibrous form processed from rock, slag, or glass 3.23 0.224
‫ ﺳﺮﺑﺎره ﻳﺎ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬،‫اﻟﻴﺎف ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ و اﻟﻴﺎف ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه از ﺳﻨﮓ‬

Loose Fill ‫ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻬﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬

Wood fiber, soft woods ‫اﻟﻴﺎف ﭼﻮب وﭼﻮب ﻧﺮم‬ 3.33 0.231

Mineral fiber (rock, slag, or glass) (‫ ﺳﺮﺑﺎره ﻳﺎﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬،‫اﻟﻴﺎف ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ )ﺳﻨﮓ‬ 2.50 0.173

Perlite (expanded) (‫ﭘﺮﻟﻴﺖ )ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ﺷﻮﻧﺪه‬ 2.70 0.187

Vermiculite (exfoliated) (‫ورﻣﻴﻜﻮﻟﻴﺖ )ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬ 2.20 0.152

Sawdust or shaving ‫ﺧﺎك اره ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮاﺷﻪ‬ 2.22 0.154

* Values from ASHRAE Handbook of ،1977 ‫ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬،‫* ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻛﺘﺎب اﺻﻮل راﻫﻨﻤﺎ‬
Fundamentals, 1977, American Society of ‫ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮرك‬،‫ اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ و ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ASHRA
Heating, Refrigerating and Air- Conditioning
.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Engineers, New York .

10.4.9 Hot weather concreting ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم‬9-4-10

10.4.9.1 During hot weather, proper attention ‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد‬،‫ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ﮔﺮم‬1-9-4-10
shall be given to ingredients, production methods, ‫ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و‬،‫ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬،‫ ﺣﻤﻞ‬،‫ روﺷﻬﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬،‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه‬
handling, placing, protection, etc. For details refer
to "Hot Weather Concreting" recommended by ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬.‫ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
ACI committee 305. .‫ در ﻣﻮرد "ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم" ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 305

10.4.9.2 At higher temperatures greater amount of ‫ در دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻦ اﺳﻼﻣﭗ‬2-9-4-10
water is required to hold slump constant than is ‫ اﻓﺰودن‬.‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي آب ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ‬
needed at lower temperatures. Adding water
without adding cement results in a higher water-
‫آب ﺑﺪون اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
cement ratio, thereby lowering the late-age ‫ در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دراز ﻣﺪت و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬،‫ﺷﺪه‬
strength and adversely affecting other desirable .‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ روي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
properties of the hardened concrete.

10.4.9.3 Besides reducing the strength and ‫ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﺎزه ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ و‬3-9-4-10
increasing the mixing water requirement, high ‫ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات زﻳﺎن ﺑﺎر دﻳﮕﺮي ﻧﻴﺰ‬،‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ آب اﺧﺘﻼط ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬
temperatures of fresh concrete have other harmful
effects. Setting time is reduced; high temperatures
‫ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ دﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﻔﺖ‬،‫ زﻣﺎن ﮔﻴﺮش ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬.‫دارد‬
increase the rate of concrete hardening and thereby ،‫ﺷﺪن ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻤﻞ‬
shorten the length of time within which the .‫ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي و ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
concrete can be transported, placed, and finished.

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10.4.9.4 In hot weather the tendency to crack is ‫ در آب و ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﺮك ﭘﻴﺶ و‬4-9-4-10
increased both before and after hardening. ‫ﭘﺲ از ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن ﺑﺘﻦ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
Excessively rapid evaporation of water from
plastic concrete can cause plastic-shrinkage cracks
‫اﻧﺪازه آب از ﺑﺘﻦ ﺧﻤﻴﺮي ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎي اﻓﺖ‬
before the surface has hardened. .‫ ﭘﻴﺶ از ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺧﻤﻴﺮي‬

10.4.9.5 Air entrainment is also affected in hot ‫ ﻫﻮادﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮار‬5-9-4-10
weather. At elevated temperatures, concrete ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ‬،‫ در دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ‬.‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬
requires an increase in the amount of air-
entraining admixture to obtain a given total air
.‫ﻫﻮازا ﺟﻬﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻫﻮا در ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
content.

10.4.9.6 The usual method of maintaining low ‫ روش ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻦ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ‬6-9-4-10
concrete temperatures is to control the ‫ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ اﺟﺰاء‬.‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل دﻣﺎي ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
temperature of the concrete materials. One or
more of the ingredients should be cooled before
‫ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ از اﺧﺘﻼط ﺧﻨﻚ ﺷﻮد در ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم‬
mixing. In hot weather the aggregates and water .‫ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ و آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺧﻨﻚ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
should be kept as cool as practicable.

10.4.9.7 Cold water will effect a moderate ‫ آب ﺳﺮد ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ‬7-9-4-10
reduction in the concrete temperature. It should be ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ آب در ﻣﺨﺎزن دور از ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻧﻮر‬.‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
stored in tanks that are not exposed to the direct
rays of the sun. Tanks and pipelines carrying the
‫ﺧﻮرﺷﻴﺪ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺷﻮد ﻣﺨﺎزن و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
mixing water should be buried, insulated, shaded ‫ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ‬،‫ در ﺳﺎﻳﺒﺎن ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪه‬،‫ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه‬،‫دﻓﻦ ﺷﺪه‬
or painted white to keep water at the lowest ‫رﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ رﻧﮓ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ آب در ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ دﻣﺎي ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
practical temperature.
.‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
10.4.9.8 Water can be cooled by refrigeration, ‫ ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت‬،‫ آب ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬8-9-4-10
liquid nitrogen, or crushed ice. .‫ ﺧﻨﻚ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻳﺦ ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه‬
10.4.9.9 Aggregates have a pronounced effect on ‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪهاي روي دﻣﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ‬9-9-4-10
the fresh concrete temperature because they ‫ درﺻﺪ‬80 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬60 ‫ﺗﺎزه دارﻧﺪ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ آﻧﻜﻪ درﺻﺪ وزﻧﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
present 60% to 80% of the total weight of
concrete.
.‫ﻛﻞ وزن ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

10.4.9.10 "Specification for Ready Mixed "‫آﻣﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬ ‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ 10-9-4-10
Concrete" (ASTM C 94) shall be followed which ‫( در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻻزم‬ASTM C 94)
states that during hot weather the time limit
required for discharge of concrete shall be
،‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬1 ‫ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺗﺎ‬45 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
completed within one hour or even 45 minutes. .‫رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮد‬

10.4.9.11 Plastic cracking is usually associated ‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎي ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺘﻦرﻳﺰي در‬11-9-4-10
with hot-weather concreting; however it can occur ‫ اﮔﺮﭼﻪ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪه ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در‬.‫آب و ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
at any time when atmospheric conditions produce
rapid evaporation of moisture from the concrete
‫ﻫﺮ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﻮي ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬
surface. .‫ رخ دﻫﺪ‬،‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺷﻮد‬

10.4.9.12 In hot weather and where careful ‫ در ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم و ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﻧﻈﺎرت دﻗﻴﻖ وﺟﻮد‬12-9-4-10
inspection is maintained, a retarding admixture is ‫دارد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻮاد اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ دﻳﺮﮔﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ‬
beneficial in delaying the setting time while
increasing the rate of slump loss. Retarding
‫ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ در زﻣﺎن ﮔﻴﺮش و ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ در ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﺳﻼﻣﭗ ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪ‬
admixtures should conform to the requirements of ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬B ‫ ﻣﻮاد دﻳﺮﮔﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺑﺨﺶ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
ASTM C 494, Type B. .‫ را ﺑﺮآورده ﺳﺎزد‬ASTM C 494

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10.5 Concreting Under Water ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي در زﻳﺮ آب‬5-10

10.5.1 As a rule, concrete placing by means of ‫ راه ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ رﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﺑﺘﻦ در زﻳﺮ‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ اﺻﻞ‬1-5-10
stationary tremies is suitable as underwater .‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﻴﻒ و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫آب‬
concrete.

10.5.2 Underwater concrete shall be placed ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ زﻳﺮ آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و ﺑﻄﻮر ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ‬2-5-10
rapidly and steadily. The water in the enclosure .‫ﺷﻮد و آب داﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ و ﺑﺪون ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
shall be still, i.e. there shall be no flow of current.
It shall be possible for the levels of water inside
‫ ﺗﺮاز آب داﺧﻞ و‬.‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ از آب ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬
and outside the enclosure to reach equilibrium. .‫ﺧﺎرج ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬

10.5.3 For water depths up to 1 m, the concrete ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻖ آب ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ دﻗﺖ و‬3-5-10
may be placed by carefully causing it to advance ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ زاوﻳﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺧﻮدش و ﺑﺪون ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ اﺟﺰا‬
at its natural angle of flow without segregating.
Prior to this, it shall be deposited above water
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﻄﺢ آب ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬،‫ ﭘﻴﺶ از اﻳﻦ‬.‫رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
level. .‫ﺷﻮد‬

10.5.4 For water depths exceeding 1 m, the ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻃﻮري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻤﺎق آب ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ‬4-5-10
concrete shall be placed so that it does not fall ‫رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ از ﺳﻘﻮط آزاد آن در داﺧﻞ آب و ﺷﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن‬
freely through the water, avoiding the washing out
of cement and, where possible, the formation of
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن و ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ اﻣﻜﺎن از ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دوﻏﺎب ﺳﻴﻤﺎن در ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي‬
interlayers of cement slurry. .‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ‬

10.5.5 For secondary structural members, the ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎي‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻀﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ‬5-5-10
concrete may be deposited in successive layers ‫ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﻴﻒ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﻛﻪ روي ﺷﺎﻟﻮده‬
using hops or traveling tremies standing on the
foundation base or on the surface of the individual
.‫ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻳﺎ روي ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ‬
layers of concrete.

10.5.6 Stationary tremies or closed containers ‫ از ﻗﻴﻔﻬﺎي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ در ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در‬6-5-10
which project sufficiently far into concrete which ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ دور از ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎزي ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺟﻬﺖ‬
has not yet set may be used for making all types
of member provided that the formwork is
،‫ﺑﺘﻦرﻳﺰي ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﻋﻀﺎ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻫﻨﻮز ﺳﻔﺖ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
adequately watertight. .‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد ﺑﺸﺮط آﻧﻜﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً آب ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

10.5.7 Tremies shall be kept sufficiently ‫ ﻗﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ در ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼً رﻳﺨﺘﻪ‬7-5-10
immersed in concrete which has already been ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ‬،‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور ﺷﻮد و ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ و ﺑﺎﻻ‬
placed for this to be displaced sidewards and
upwards by the fresh quantity of concrete
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ در ﻫﻴﭻ ﺟﺎ‬.‫ﺗﺎزه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
discharged by the tremies. At no point shall the ‫ ﻗﻴﻔﻬﺎي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬.‫ﺑﺎ آب در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
displaced concrete come into contact with water. .‫ﻃﻮل ﺣﺮﻛﺖ اﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺧﻮد ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬
Stationary tremies shall be spaced so that the
lateral flow distances of the concrete are as short
as possible.

10.5.8 During concreting, the tremie shall be ‫ ﻗﻴﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ دﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮده ﺷﻮد و‬،‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬8-5-10
carefully raised, its discharge pipe remaining in ‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ از ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ‬،‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‬
the concrete. Where several tremies are used, they
shall be simultaneously and uniformly fed with
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺪاﺧﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﻮر‬،‫ﻗﻴﻒ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
concrete. .‫ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ و ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬

10.5.9 When placing the concrete into tremies or ‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﻴﻒ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﻫﺎ‬9-5-10
other containers, it shall be compacted using ‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻟﺮزاﻧﻨﺪهﻫﺎي‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺑﺘﻦ‬،‫ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬
immersion vibrators for air expulsion.
.‫ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺧﺎرج ﻛﺮدن ﻫﻮا ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ‬

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10.5.10 Alternatively, underwater concrete may ‫ روش ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي زﻳﺮ آب ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ‬10-5-10
be made by injecting low-segregation grout from ‫دوﻏﺎب ﻫﻤﮕﻦ از زﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮده ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ داﻧﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
below into a mass of suitably graded aggregate
(i.e., not containing fines or medium sized
‫)ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ذرات رﻳﺰ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ( ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
particles), the grout rising at an even rate. .‫آﻣﺪن ﻣﻴﺰان دوﻏﺎب در ﺣﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

10.5.11 The slump of the concrete should be not ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﻣﻘﺪار‬125 ‫ اﺳﻼﻣﭗ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬11-5-10
less than 125 mm and the cement content not less .‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬350 ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
than 350 kg/m3.

10.5.12 Concrete should flow without ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪون ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ اﺟﺰاء ﺟﺎري ﺷﻮد از اﻳﻦ رو‬12-5-10
segregation, therefore the aim in proportioning the ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺧﻤﻴﺮي‬،‫ﻫﺪف از ﻧﺴﺒﺖ اﺧﺘﻼط‬
mixture should be to obtain a good plastic mix
with high workability.
.‫ﺧﻮب ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎرآﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

10.5.13 Rounded aggregates with higher ‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮد ﺑﺎ درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﻻي رﻳﺰداﻧﻪ و ﻫﻮاي‬13-5-10
percentage of fines and entrained air will provide .‫وارد ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻗﻮام ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
the desired consistency.

10.5.14 About 10% to 15% more cement should ‫ درﺻﺪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن اﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬15 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬10 ‫ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﺣﺪود‬14-5-10
be used than for a similar mixture placed in dry ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﻜﺎر‬
air.
.‫رود‬
10.5.15 Additional provisions are referred to ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬15-5-10
ACI 304 section 8 .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬8 ‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ACI 304
10.6 Mortars and Grouts ‫ ﻣﻼت ﻫﺎ و دوﻏﺎب ﻫﺎ‬6-10
For general information reference is made to ‫ و ﺟﻬﺖ‬IPS-M-CE-105 ِ‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
IPS-M-CE-105 and for grout for bonded 18.18 ‫دوﻏﺎب ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
prestresting tendons refer to Section 18.18 of
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 318M ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
ACI 318M.

10.7 Installation of Pipes and Holes in Concrete ‫ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ و ﺣﻔﺮهﻫﺎ در ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬7-10
Structures ‫ آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ‬7-9 ‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬1-7-10
10.7.1 For more information see Iranian national ‫ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي‬120 ‫اﻳﺮان ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
concrete code publication no 120 of management
and planning organization part 9-7. .‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬

11. FORMWORK ‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي‬-11

11.1 General Considerations ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-11
The design, engineering and construction of the ‫ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻌﻬﺪه‬،‫ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬1-1-11
formwork shall be the responsibility of the ،‫ ﭘﻴﺶ از اﺟﺮا‬.‫ وﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬،‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر اﺳﺖ‬
contractor but will be subject to the approval by
the AR*. Typical drawings showing the proposed ‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻴﭗ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬
formwork shall be submitted by the contractor for .‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
approval by the AR before starting the
construction.

Formwork should be designed so that concrete ‫ ﺗﺮاز و‬،‫ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬،‫ ﺷﻜﻞ‬،‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد‬
slabs, walls and other members will be of correct ‫ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻋﻀﺎء در ﻣﺤﺪوده‬،‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ داﻟﻬﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
dimensions, shape, alignment, elevation and
.‫روادارﻳﻬﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
position within established tolerances.

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Vertical and lateral loads must be carried to the ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺋﻢ و ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﺐﺑﻨﺪي ﻳﺎ روش‬
ground by the formwork system or by the in-place
.‫ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺑﻪ زﻣﻴﻦ دارد‬
construction that has adequate strength for that
purpose.
A design analysis should be made for all ‫ و در‬،‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎم ﻗﺎﻟﺐﺑﻨﺪيﻫﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
formwork, stability and buckling should be .‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻮارد ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري و ﻛﻤﺎﻧﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
investigated in all cases.

11.2 Formwork Design Considerations ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي‬2-11

11.2.1 Loads and unit stresses ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ و ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي واﺣﺪ‬1-2-11
Formwork and its supporting structure, shall be ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎزه ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه آن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬
designed to resist all vertical and horizontal ‫ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬.‫ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺋﻢ و ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
forces. The design also should consider the effect
.‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ و روش ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ آن ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
of rate-of-discharge and the method of
compaction. For supports and walls higher than 3 ‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و ﻣﻴﺰان‬،‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬3 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ و دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ از‬
m, the rate at which the concrete is discharged ‫ ﺗﻨﺸﻬﺎي‬.‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬
shall be adjusted to the load bearing capacity of
the formwork. Unit stresses for use in the design 2.3 ‫واﺣﺪ ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
of formwork shall be in accordance with Section .‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ACI 347 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
2.3 of ACI 347

When fabricated formwork, shoring, or ‫ ﺷﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ دارﺑﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬،‫در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ از ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ‬
scaffolding units are used, manufacturer’s ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎز ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬،‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
recommendations for allowable loads may be
.‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
followed.

11.2.2 Shores and bracing ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﺖ )ﺷﻤﻊ ﻫﺎ( و ﻣﻬﺎرﺑﻨﺪي‬2-2-11

Shores are vertical or inclined support members ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﺖ اﻋﻀﺎي ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮرب ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
which should be designed in such a manner to .‫ ﺑﺘﻦ و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزه ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ وزن ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬
carry the weight of formwork, concrete and
‫ﻣﻬﺎرﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت اﻓﻘﻲ و ﻗﺎﺋﻢ در ﺟﺎﺋﻴﻜﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ‬
construction loads. Bracing should be provided in
vertical and horizontal planes where required to ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬.‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ‬،‫و ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﻛﻤﺎﻧﺶ اﻋﻀﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
provide stiffness and to prevent buckling of ‫ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ و ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬،‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاري‬
individual members. A rational analysis should be
used to determine the number of floors to be ،‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎ و ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ‬
shored, reshored and backshored and to determine .‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ اﺟﺰاي ﻛﺎر اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
the loads transmitted to the floors, shores and
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬ACI 347R ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬2 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ‬
reshores or backshores as a result of the
construction sequence. For detailed information .‫ﺷﻮد‬
refer to Chapter 2 of ACI 347R.

11.2.3 Foundations for formwork ‫ ﺷﺎﻟﻮده ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي‬3-2-11

Proper foundations on ground such as mudsills, ‫ ﭘﻲ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻟﻮده ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻒ ﺳﺎزي‬
spread footing, or pile footings should be ‫ﻳﺎ ﺷﻤﻊ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﻮد در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺧﺎك زﻳﺮ ﺗﺮاز ﻛﻒ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬
provided. If soil under mudsills is or may become
‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي وارده را ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎز را ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
incapable of supporting superimposed loads
without appreciable settlement, it should be .‫ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﺪار ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎه ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮاي آن اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﻮد‬
stabilized or other means of support should be ‫ﻫﻴﭽﮕﺎه ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ درون ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ روي زﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﺦ زده‬
provided. No concrete should be placed on
formwork supported on frozen ground. .‫رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬

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11.2.4 Settlement ‫ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ‬4-2-11

Formwork should be so designed and constructed ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎت ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‬
that vertical adjustments can be made to ‫ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬.‫ﺑﺘﻮان ﺑﺎﻻآﻣﺪﮔﻲ و ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻬﺎ را ﺟﺒﺮان ﻛﺮد‬
compensate for take-up and settlements. In
‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬6.1 ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬،‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬
addition to the Design Considerations specified
above, requirements of Section 6.1 of ACI 318M .‫ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 318M
shall be satisfied.

11.3 Materials for Formwork ‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬3-11

11.3.1 General ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-3-11
The selection of materials suitable for formwork ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺎﻟﺐﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬
should be based on maximum economy to the ‫ﺑﻮدن ﭘﺮوژه و در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ اﻣﻨﻴﺖ و ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻻزم ﻛﺎر ﺗﻤﺎم‬
project, consistent with safety and the quality
.‫ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد‬
required in the finished work, subject to approval
by the AR.

11.3.2 Properties ‫ وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎ‬2-3-11

The formwork materials commonly used consists ،‫ ﺑﺘﻦ‬،‫ ﻓﻮﻻد‬،‫ ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﻻ‬،‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً از ﭼﻮب‬
of timber, plywood, steel, concrete, brick, plastics, ‫ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ ﻓﺎﻳﺒﺮﮔﻼس و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬،‫ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬،‫آﺟﺮ‬
fiberglass, etc. For more details refer to Chapter 4
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 347 ‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬4 ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ‬
of ACI 347.

11.3.2.1 Form sheathing ‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬1-2-3-11

Sheathing is the supporting layer of formwork ‫ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬،‫ ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ اﺳﺖ‬،‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
closest to the concrete. It may be in direct contact ‫اﺳﺖ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﻮاد‬
with the concrete or be separated from it by a
.‫ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه از آن ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
form liner.
In selection and use of materials important ‫در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻧﻜﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ‬
considerations are: strength, stiffness, release, ‫ دوﺑﺎره اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮدن و‬، ‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺟﺪاﺷﺪن‬،‫ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ‬،‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬:‫از‬
reuse and cost per use, surface characteristics,
resistance to mechanical damage, workability for ‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در‬،‫ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬،‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺮﺑﺎر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
cutting, drilling and attaching fasteners, ‫ ﺳﻮراخ ﻛﺎري و‬،‫ ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﻳﺪن‬،‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ آﺳﻴﺒﻬﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
adaptability to weather and extreme field
،‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ﺳﺨﺖ‬،‫ﭼﻔﺖ و ﺑﺴﺘﻬﺎ‬
conditions, temperature and moisture, weight and
ease of handling. .‫ وزن و ﺣﻤﻞ آﺳﺎن‬،‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ و دﻣﺎ‬

11.3.2.2 Structural supports ‫ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي‬2-2-3-11

Structural support systems carry the sheathing for ‫ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻤﻞ وزن ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬـﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
which important considerations are: strength, ‫ ﺛﺒﺎت و‬،‫ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ‬،‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬:‫و ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﻧﻜﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
stiffness, dimensional accuracy and stability,
،‫ ﺳﻮراخ ﻛﺎري و ﭼﻔﺖ و ﺑﺴﺖﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮش‬،‫دﻗﺖ اﺑﻌﺎد‬
workability for cutting, drilling and attaching
fasteners, weight, cost and durability and ‫ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ و دوام و اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮازﻫﺎ و اﺷﻜﺎل‬،‫وزن‬
Flexibility to accommodate varied contours and .‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
shapes.

11.3.2.3 Accessories ‫ ﻟﻮازم ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬3-2-3-11

Accessories consist of: form ties, form anchors, ‫ آوﻳﺰﻫﺎي‬،‫ ﻣﻬﺎرﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬،‫ﻟﻮازم ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬
form hangers and side form spacers. For more ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در‬.‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ و ﺟﺪاﮔﺮﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
details of accessories refer to Section 4.3 of ACI
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬ACI 347 ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬4.3 ‫ﻣﻮرد ﻟﻮازم ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
347.
.‫ﺷﻮد‬

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11.3.3 Form coatings or release agents ‫ ﻣﻮاد ﻻﻳﻪ ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬3-3-11

11.3.3.1 Form coatings or sealers are usually ‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮاد آبﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺗﻲ‬1-3-3-11
applied in liquid form to contact surface either ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ و ﻳﺎ در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه ﺑﺮاي اﻫﺪاف‬
during manufacturer or in the field to serve one or
more of the following purposes: : ‫ روي ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ‬،‫زﻳﺮ‬
a) Alter the texture of the contact surface. .‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻤﺎس‬

b) Improve the durability of the contact .‫ب( ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎري ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻤﺎس‬
surface.
c) Facilitate release from concrete during .‫ج( ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ از ﺑﺘﻦ‬
stripping.
d) Seal the contact surface from intrusion of .‫د( آب ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻤﺎس از ﻧﻔﻮذ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬
moisture.

11.3.3.2 Form release agents are applied to the ‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺪاﺳﺎز ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪن و‬2-3-3-11
form contact surfaces to prevent bond and thus ‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ‬
facilitate stripping. They can be applied
permanently to form materials during manufacture
‫ﺑﺼﻮرت داﺋﻤﻲ در ﺣﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ از ﻫﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
or applied to the form before each use. When ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬.‫روي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻜﺎر روﻧﺪ‬
applying in the field, be careful to avoid coating ‫ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ از ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺷﺪن درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﺠﺎور ﻳﺎ‬
adjacent construction joint surfaces or reinforcing
steel. .‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺑﻌﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ‬

Generally manufacturer’s recommendations ‫ ﻣﻮاد‬،‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻬﺎ‬

should be followed in the use of coatings, sealers, ‫ اﻣﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬.‫آبﺑﻨﺪي و ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮد‬
and release agents, but independent investigation
‫ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ در ﻣﻮرد ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از ﻣﻮاد ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬،‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬
of the performance by specialized organizations is
recommended before use. .‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺎت ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‬

11.4 Constructional Aspect ‫ ﻣﻮارد اﺟﺮاﺋﻲ‬4-11

11.4.1 Safety precautions ‫ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮي ﻫﺎي اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬1-4-11
Construction procedures must be planned in ‫روﺷﻬﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻛﺎرﻛﻨﺎن و‬
advance to insure the safety of personnel and the ‫ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬.‫ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ ﺳﺎزة ﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
integrity of the finished structure. Some of the
:‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮار زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
safety provisions which should be considered are:

- Erection of safety signs and barricades to ‫ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻫﺸﺪار دﻫﻨﺪه و ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از‬-
keep unauthorized personnel clear of areas in ،‫ورود اﻓﺮاد ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودهﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻧﺼﺐ‬
which erection, concrete placing, or stripping is
.‫ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي و ﺑﺎزﻛﺮدن ﻗﺎﻟﺐ در دﺳﺖ اﺟﺮاﺳﺖ‬
underway.
- Providing experienced foremen during ‫ ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﺳﺮﻛﺎرﮔﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﺘﻦرﻳﺰي ﺑﺮاي‬-
concrete placement to assure early recognition ‫اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻳﺎ‬
of possible form displacement or failure.
.‫رﻳﺰش‬

- A supply of extra shores or other material and ‫ ﺗﺪارك ﺷﻤﻊ ﻫﺎي اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻮرد‬-
equipment that might be needed in an .‫ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﺿﻄﺮاري‬
emergency case.
- Provision for adequate illumination of the .‫ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ روﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي‬-
formwork.

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- Provision of a program of field safety ‫ ﺗﺪارك ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲﻫﺎي اﻳﻤﻨﻲ در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه ﺣﻴﻦ‬-
inspections of formwork, etc.
.‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐﺑﻨﺪي و ﻏﻴﺮه‬
11.4.2 Construction practices and workmanship ‫ روش ﻫﺎ و ﻧﻜﺎت اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‬2-4-11
Generally the following should be considered: :‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
- Joints or splices in sheathing, plywood panels ‫ ﭘﺎﻧﻠﻬﺎي ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻻﻳﻲ و‬،‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻳﺎ وﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ‬-
and bracing should be staggered. .‫ﻣﻬﺎرﺑﻨﺪيﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺷﻄﺮﻧﺠﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
- Forms should be sufficiently tight to prevent ‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ از ﺧﺮوج ﺷﻴﺮه ﺑﺘﻦ‬-
loss of mortar from the concrete. .‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
- Forms should be inspected and checked ‫ ﭘﻴﺶ از آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ را ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از اﺑﻌﺎد‬-
before the reinforcing steel is placed to insure
that the dimensions and location of the ‫و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺘﺸﺎن ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل و ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ‬
concrete members conform to the working .‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬
drawings.

- Forms should be checked for camber when ‫ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺧﻴﺰ ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه‬-
specified. .‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻧﺤﻨﺎء ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
- Control joints, construction joints, and ‫ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ و درزﻫﺎي اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ درزﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‬-
expansion joints should be installed as .‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺟﺮا ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
specified.
‫ دوﻏﺎب و ﻣﻮاد‬،‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﻋﺎري از ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ‬-
- Forms should be thoroughly cleaned of all
dirt, mortar, and foreign matter and coated ،‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﭘﻴﺶ از ﻫﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
with a release agent before each use. .‫آﻏﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
- Building materials, including concrete, must ‫ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ روي ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻔﺘﻨﺪ‬،‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬-
not be dropped or piled on the formwork in
.‫و ﻳﺎ اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺎر و آﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻮد‬
such manner as to damage or overload it.
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬ACI 347 ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3.2 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
For other provisions refer to ACI 347 section 3.2.
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
11.4.3 Tolerances for structures and ‫ رواداري ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ و ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮارﻳﻬﺎي ﺳﻄﻮح‬3-4-11
irregularities in formed surfaces ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه‬
Tolerance is a specified permissible variation ‫ زواﻳﺎ ﻳﺎ اﺑﻌﺎد‬،‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻣﺠﺎز در ﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ‬،‫رواداري ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﺴﺖ از‬
from lines, grades, or dimensions given in
contract documents. Tolerances for concrete ‫ روادارﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه در اﺳﻨﺎد ﭘﻴﻤﺎن‬
structures should comply with the requirements of ACI 347 ‫ از‬3.3 ‫ و ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ACI 117 ‫ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬
ACI 117 and Section 3.3 of ACI 347. Where ‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ روادارﻳﻬﺎ در دﻓﺘﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
tolerances are not stated in the specifications or
drawings for any individual structure permissible ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎزه ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﺠﺎز از‬
deviations from established lines, grades, and ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3.3 ‫ زواﻳﺎ و اﺑﻌﺎد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬،‫ﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ‬
dimensions shall follow the recommendations
stated under Section 3.3 of ACI 347. The ‫ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬.‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 347
contractor is expected to set and maintain concrete ‫و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ از اﺟﺮاي ﻛﺎرﻫﺎ در ﻣﺤﺪودهﻫﺎي رواداري‬
forms so as to insure execution of works within .‫اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮد‬
the tolerance limits.

11.4.4 Shoring and centering ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬاري ﻣﻮﻗﺖ و ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ‬4-4-11

‫ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ‬
Shoring must be supported on satisfactory ،‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ روي ﻳﻚ ﺷﺎﻟﻮده ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﻲﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬
foundations such as spread footing, mudsills or ‫ﻛﻒ ﺳﺎزي ﻳﺎ ﺷﻤﻊ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ و ﺗﻤﺎم اﻋﻀﺎء ﺑﺎﻳﺪ راﺳﺖ و ﺑﺪون‬
piling. All members must be straight and true
without twists or bends. .‫ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬

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Vertical shores must be erected so that they ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ روي ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻨﺤﻮي‬
cannot tilt and must have firm bearing. Inclined
shores must be braced securely against slipping or ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
sliding. Centering is the highly specialized .‫ﻃﻮر اﻳﻤﻦ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﺮﺧﻮردن و ﻟﻐﺰش ﻣﻬﺎرﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
temporary support system used in the construction
of any continuous structure, where the entire ‫ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﺎص ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﺮاي‬،‫ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ‬
temporary support is lowered as a unit. The ‫اﺟﺮاي ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ آوردن‬
lowering of the centering is generally
accomplished by the use of sand boxes, jacks or .‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد دارد‬،‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻳﻜﺠﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
wedges beneath the supporting members.

11.4.5 Removal of forms and supports ‫ ﺑﺎز ﻛﺮدن ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ و ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬5-4-11
When the contract documents do not specify the ‫درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ در ﻣﺪارك ﭘﻴﻤﺎن ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻻزم ﺑﺘﻦ در‬
minimum strength required of concrete at the time ‫ زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي‬،‫زﻣﺎن ﺑﺎزﻛﺮدن ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ و ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
of stripping, the following elapsed times(period ‫ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه در اداﻣﻪ )دوره زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺑﺎزﻛﺮدن ﻗﺎﻟﺐ( ﻛﻪ از‬
before removal of formwork) which are adopted
‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪه ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ACI 347 ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3.7.2.3 ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
from ACI 347 (sec.3.7.2.3) can be used. The times
represent a cumulative number of days, or hours, ‫ زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ روزﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ‬.‫ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬
not necessarily consecutive, during which is the ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ )ﻛﻪ ﻟﺰوﻣﺎً ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ( اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻲ‬
temperature of the air surrounding the concrete .‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد اﺳﺖ‬10 ‫آن دﻣﺎي ﻫﻮاي اﻃﺮاف ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از‬
above 10 °C. If high early-strength concrete is
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ‬،‫اﮔﺮ از ﺑﺘﻦ زودﮔﻴﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
used, these periods can be reduced as approved by
the AR. Conversely, if ambient temperatures ‫ درﺟﻪ‬10 ‫ اﮔﺮ دﻣﺎي ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ‬،‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬.‫ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
remain below 10 °C, or if retarding agents are ،‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ اﮔﺮ از ﻣﻮاد دﻳﺮﮔﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
used, then these periods should be increased at the ‫ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮ‬.‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺻﻼﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
discretion of the AR. Shorter stripping times listed
for live load to dead load ratios greater than 1.0
‫ﺷﺪن زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه ﺑﻪ‬
are the result of more reserve strength being ‫ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮده ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻳﻚ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ وﺟﻮد اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬
available for dead load in absence of live load at ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮده در ﻏﻴﺎب ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﺎزﻛﺮدن‬
time of stripping.
.‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ و ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Walls.............................................................. 12 h ‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬12 ............................................................................. ‫دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬
Columns......................................................... 12 h ‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬12 ............................................................................. ‫ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬

Sides of beams and girders... ......................... 12 h ‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬12 ............................. ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي ﻛﻨﺎري ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎه ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
Pan joist forms ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﺸﺘﻚ ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
760 mm wide or less ..................................3 days ‫ روز‬3 .......................................... ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬760 ‫ﺑﺎ ﻋﺮض‬
Over 760 mm wide......................................4 days ‫ روز‬4 .......................................... ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬760 ‫ﺑﺎ ﻋﺮض ﺑﻴﺶ از‬

structural live load structural live load ‫ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه ﺳﺎزه‬ ‫ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه ﺳﺎزه‬
less than more than ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮده ﺳﺎزه‬ ‫ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮده ﺳﺎزه‬
structural dead load structural dead load
‫ روز‬7 ‫ روز‬14 ‫ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﻗﻮسﻫﺎ‬
Arch cent. 14 days 7 days

Joist, beam or girder soffits: :‫ ﻛﻒ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺎه ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬،‫ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬

Under 3 m clear span between structural ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬3 ‫ﺑﺎ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ آزاد زﻳﺮ‬
supports…….....7 days 4 days ‫ روز‬4 ‫ روز‬7 ....... ‫ﺳﺎزه‬

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3 to 6 m clear span between structural ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬3 ‫ﺑﺎ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ آزاد‬
supports…….....14 days 7 days ‫ روز‬7 ‫ روز‬14 ....... ‫ﺳﺎزه‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺳﺎزه‬6 ‫ﺑﺎ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ آزاد ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
Over 6 m clear span between structural
supports……....21 days 14 days ‫روز‬14 ‫ روز‬21 ....... ‫ﺳﺎزه‬

One-way floor slabs :‫داﻟﻬﺎي ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ ﻛﻒ‬

Under 3 m clear span between structural ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺳﺎزه‬3 ‫ﺑﺎ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ آزاد زﻳﺮ‬
supports….…..4 days 3 days ‫ روز‬3 ‫ روز‬4 ....... ‫ﺳﺎزه‬
3 to 6 m clear span between structural ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬3 ‫ﺑﺎ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ آزاد‬
supports…….…....7 days 4 days ‫ روز‬4 ‫ روز‬7 ......... ‫ﺳﺎزه‬
Over 6 m clear span between structural ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬6 ‫ﺑﺎ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ آزاد ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
supports………...10 days 7 days
‫ روز‬7 ‫ روز‬10 .................. ‫ﺳﺎزه‬
For other members elapsed times and more
detailed information see section 3.7 of ACI 347. ‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت زﻣﺎن ﺳﭙﺮي ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 347 ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3.7 ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻋﻀﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
11.5 Formwork for Special Methods of ‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺮاي روﺷﻬﺎي ﺧﺎص ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و اﺟﺮا‬5-11
Construction
11.5.1 General ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-5-11
Special formworks like slip forms, permanent ‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي داﺋﻤﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐﺑﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎي وﻳﮋه ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪه‬
forms, etc. are often encountered in the .‫اﻏﻠﺐ در ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ‬
construction of Petroleum Industry’s different
‫در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي آﺗﻲ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮي در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد اراﺋﻪ‬
projects. In the following clauses short description
is presented for such instances. For more detailed ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬7 ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺰﺋﻴــﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
information refer to Chapter 7 of ACI 347. .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 347
11.5.2 Slip forms ‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪه‬2-5-11
Horizontal and vertical slipforms should be ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪه در اﻧﻮاع اﻓﻘﻲ و ﻋﻤﻮدي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
designed and constructed and the sliding ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻟﻐﺰش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ زﻳﺮﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺎرﻛﻨﺎن ﻣﺠﺮب در اﻣﻮر‬
operation should be carried out under the
.‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪه اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
supervision of a person or persons experienced in
slipform work.
Maximum rate of slide should be limited by the ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻟﻐﺰش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺪود‬
rate for which the forms are designed. The level ‫ ﺗﺮاز ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﻔﺖ ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺘﻨﺎوب ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
of the hardened concrete in the form must be
checked frequently by the use of a probe to ‫ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ آﻣﺪن اﻳﻤﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻟﻐﺰش‬
establish safe lifting rates. .‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﺷﻮد‬
Care must be taken to prevent drifting of the ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه و اﺑﻌﺎد‬
forms from alignment or designed dimensions, .‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻓﺮاﺗﺮ ﻧﺮود و از ﺣﺮﻛﺎت ﭘﻴﭽﺸﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺑﻌﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ‬
and to prevent torsional movement.
Detailed records of both vertical and lateral form ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﻫﺮ دوﺣﺮﻛﺖ اﻓﻘﻲ و ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﻮل ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬
movements should be maintained throughout the .‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪه ﺛﺒﺖ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
slipform operation.
ACI 347 ‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬7.3 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
For more detailed information refer to Section 7.3
of ACI 347. .‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬

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11.5.3 Permanent forms (‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي داﺋﻤﻲ )ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎر‬3-5-11

Permanent forms are forms left in place that may ‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬،‫ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي داﺋﻤﻲ‬
or may not become and integral part of the ‫ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ و ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺳﺎزه‬
structural frame. Particular care should be taken in
‫ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬
the design of such forms to minimize distortion or
deformation of the form or supporting members ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳﺎﻧﺪن ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﺎ اﻋﻀﺎي ﺗﻜﻴﻪ‬
under the construction loads. .‫ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺣﻴﻦ اﺟﺮا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وﻳﮋه اي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد‬
The contractors should submit fully detailed shop ‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎران ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﻛﺎرﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﻛﺎﻣﻞ را ﺑﺮاي‬
drawings for all permanent forms to AR for
review and approval. For more detailed ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي داﺋﻤﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎزﺑﻴﻨﻲ و ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ اراﺋﻪ‬
information refer to Section 7.4 of ACI 347. ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬7.4 ‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬.‫دﻫﻨﺪ‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 347
11.5.4 Forms for precast concrete ‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬4-5-11
These types of forms are used for precast concrete ‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻀﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪاي ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ‬،‫اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬــﺎ‬
items that may be either load bearing or non load- ‫ﻛـــﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻋﻀﺎي ﺑﺎرﺑﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮ ﺑﺮاي‬
bearing members for structural or architectural
.‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺳﺎزه اي ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺑﻜﺎر روﻧﺪ‬
use.
To assure uniformity of appearance in the cast ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻋﻀﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
members, care should be taken that the contact ‫ در‬.‫ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ و ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﻤﺎس ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ‬
surfaces are of uniform quality and texture. Where
required to allow early reuse of forms, provisions ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات ﻻزم‬،‫ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺠﺪد از ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ‬
should be made to use accelerated curing :‫ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
processes, such as steam curing, or other approved
.‫ﻋﻤﻞآوري ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ روﺷﻬﺎي ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
methods. Methods of lifting precast units from
forms should be approved by the AR. ‫روﺷﻬﺎي ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﺮدن اﻋﻀﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ از داﺧﻞ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
.‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬
11.5.5 Other types of special methods ‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ روش ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص‬5-5-11
For detailed information on forms for prestressed ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه و ﭘﻴﺶ‬
and precast concrete and concrete placed ‫ و‬7.6 ‫ و‬7.5 ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ و ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي زﻳﺮ آب ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎي‬
underwater refer to Sections 7.5, 7.6 and 7.8 of
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬ACI 347 ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬7.8
ACI 347.

11.6 Acceptance of Finishing Formed Surfaces ‫ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه‬6-11
When a specific finish is not specified in Contract ‫درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ از ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺘﻨﻲ در ﻣﺪارك‬
Documents for a concrete surface, apply the ‫ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ زﻳﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم‬،‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻴﺎن ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
following finishes:
:‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
• Rough-Form Finish on Concrete Surfaces not :‫ ﺳﻄﻮح زﺑﺮ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض دﻳﺪ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Exposed to Public View:
Patch tie holes and defects. Chip or rub off fins ‫ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﻲﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻳﻚ‬.‫ﺳﻮراﺧﻬﺎ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻴﻮب ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﻮد‬
exceeding 1/2 in. in height. Leave surfaces with
‫ ﺳﻄﻮح اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬.‫دوم اﻳﻨﭻ ﺗﺮاﺷﻴﺪه ﺷﻮد‬
the texture imparted by the forms.
.‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎن ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪ‬
• Smooth-Form Finish on Concrete Surfaces
Exposed to Public View: : ‫ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺻﺎف در ﻣﻌﺮض دﻳﺪ‬
Patch tie holes and defects. Remove fins ‫ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﻲﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻳﻚ‬.‫ﺳﻮراﺧﻬﺎ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻴﻮب ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﻮد‬
exceeding 1/8 in. in height .‫ﻫﺸﺘﻢ اﻳﻨﭻ ﺗﺮاﺷﻴﺪه ﺷﻮد‬

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11.7 Crack Control ‫ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﺮك‬7-11

regarding construction aspects for control of 8 ‫در ﻣﻮرد ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﺮك در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
cracking refer to section 8 of ACI 224R (control ‫ )ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﺮك ﺑﺎ روﺷﻬﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ACI 224R ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
of cracking by proper construction practice).
.‫اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ( ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
12. CONSTRUCTION AND CONTRACTION (‫ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ و اﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﻲ )ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‬-12
(CONTROL) JOINTS ‫ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‬1-12
12.1 Construction Joints ‫ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ در ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ اﺟﺮا ﺻﺮﻓﺎً در ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎي‬1-1-12
12.1.1 Construction joints are merely stopping ‫ ﻳﻚ درز اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
places in the process of construction. A true
construction joint should bond new concrete to ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ را ﺑﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﺗﺼﺎل دﻫﺪ و از ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ اﻓﻘﻲ و‬
existing concrete and permit neither horizontal .‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
nor vertical movement.

12.1.2 Surface of concrete construction joints ‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺘﻦ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺎﻛﻴﺰه و ﻋﺎري از‬2-1-12
shall be cleaned and laitance removed. .‫ﺣﺒﺎب و ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
12.1.3 Immediately before new concrete is placed, ‫ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ از ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﺎم درزﻫﺎي‬3-1-12
all construction joints shall be wetted and standing .‫اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺷﺪه و آب ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه روي آﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺎك ﺷﻮد‬
water removed.

12.1.4 Construction joints shall be so made and ‫ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬4-1-12
located as not to impair the strength of the ‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﺷﻲ و‬.‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺳﺎزه آﺳﻴﺐ وارد ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‬
structure. Provision shall be made for transfer of
shear and other forces through construction joints.
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎ در ﻣﺤﻞ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات ﻻزم‬
.‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
12.1.5 Construction joints in floors shall be ‫ درزﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ در ﻛﻒﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮم ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬5-1-12
located within the middle third of spans of slabs, ‫ ﻣﺤﻞ درزﻫﺎي‬.‫ ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺘﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬،‫دﻫﺎﻧﻪ دال‬
beams, and girders. Joints in girders shall be
offset a minimum distance of two times the width
‫ﺷﺎﻫﺘﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ دو ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻋﺮض ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
of intersecting beams. .‫واﻗﻊ ﺷﻮد‬

12.1.6 Beams, girders, or slabs supported by ‫ ﺷﺎﻫﺘﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ داﻟﻬﺎي ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬6-1-12
columns or walls shall not be cast or erected until ،‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ اﻋﻀﺎء ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﻤﻴﺮي ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
concrete in the vertical support members is no
longer plastic.
.‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

12.1.7 Beams, girders, haunches, drop panels and ‫ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪﻫﺎ و ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت‬،‫ ﺷﺎﻫﺘﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬7-1-12
capitals shall be placed monolithically as part of a ‫ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از دال ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ‬
slab system, unless otherwise shown in design
drawings or specifications.
‫در ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ دﻳﮕﺮي ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
12.1.8 More detailed information are referred to ACI 224-3R ‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ‬8-1-12
ACI 224-3R .‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
12.2 Contraction (Control) Joints (‫ درزﻫﺎي اﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﻲ )ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‬2-12
12.2.1 Contraction joints should be constructed to ‫ درزﻫﺎي اﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ اﺟﺎزه‬1-2-12
permit transfer of loads perpendicular to the plane .‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ داﻟﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ را ﺑﺪﻫﻨﺪ‬
of the slab or wall.

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12.2.2 The spacing of Contraction joints in floors ‫ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ درزﻫﺎي اﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﻲ در ﻛﻒﻫﺎي واﻗﻊ در روي‬2-2-12
on ground depend on (1) slab thickness, (2) ‫( ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪﮔﻲ‬2) ‫( ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ دال‬1) :‫زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
shrinkage potential of the concrete and (3) curing
environment. .‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫( ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬3) ‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬
12.2.3 Contraction joints in walls should be 6 ‫ درزﻫﺎي اﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﻲ دﻳﻮار ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬3-2-12
spaced not more than about 6 m apart. In addition ‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ درزﻫﺎي اﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎي‬.‫ﻣﺘﺮ اﺟﺮا ﺷﻮد‬
Contraction joints should be placed where abrupt
changes in thickness or height occurs, and near
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻳﺎ ارﺗﻔﺎع و در ﺻﻮرت اﻣﻜﺎن ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﺷﻪﻫﺎ‬
corners-if possible as close as 1500 mm. .‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬1500 ‫و در ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬

12.2.4 More detailed information are referred to ACI 224-3R ‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬4-2-12
ACI 224-3R .‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
13. DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT ‫ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﺑﻨﺪي‬-13
13.1 Standard Hooks ‫ ﻗﻼﺑﻬﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬1-13
The term "standard hook" as used in this Standard ‫ﻗﻼﺑﻬﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻳﻜﻲ از‬
shall mean one of the following: :‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬

13.1.1 180-deg bend plus 4 d b extension, but not ‫ و‬4 d b ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬180 ‫ ﻗﻼب ﺑﺎ ﺧﻢ‬1-1-13
less than 65 mm at free end of bar. .‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آزاد ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد‬65 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬

13.1.2 90-deg bend plus 12 d b extension at free 12 d b ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬90 ‫ ﻗﻼب ﺑﺎ ﺧﻢ‬2-1-13
end of bar. .‫در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آزاد ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد‬

13.1.3 For stirrup and tie hooks: :‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺗﻬﺎ و ﺗﻨﮕﻬﺎ‬3-1-13

a) bar No. 16 and smaller, 90-deg bend plus 6 ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل‬90 ‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻢ‬16 ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬
d b extension at free end of bar, or ‫ ﻳﺎ‬،‫ در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آزاد ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد‬6 d b ‫اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
b) No. 20 and No. 25 bar, 90-deg bend plus ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل اﻣﺘﺪاد‬90 ‫ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻢ‬25 ‫ و‬20 ‫ب( ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬
12 d b extension at free end of bar, or ‫ ﻳﺎ‬،‫ در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آزاد ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد‬12 d b ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
c) No. 25 bar and smaller, 135-deg bend plus ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل‬135 ‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻢ‬25 ‫ج( ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬
6 d b extension at free end of bar. .‫ در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آزاد ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد‬6 d b ‫اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬

13.2 Minimum Bend Diameters ‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﻢ‬2-13

13.2.1 Diameter of bend measured on the inside ‫ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﻢ از ﺳﻤﺖ داﺧﻞ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬1-2-13
of the bar, other than for stirrups and ties in sizes ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬16 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬10 ‫ﺑﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ از ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺗﻬﺎ و ﺗﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﻧﻤﺮه‬
No. 10 through No. 16 shall not be less than the
values in Table 13. .‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬13 ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺟﺪول‬

13.2.2 Inside diameter of bend for stirrups and ties ‫ ﻗﻄﺮ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺧﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺗﻬﺎ و ﺗﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬2-2-13
shall not be less than 4 d b for No. 16 bar and ‫ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬4 d b ‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬16 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺮه‬
smaller. For bars larger than No. 16, diameter of ‫ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺟﺪول‬16 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از ﻧﻤﺮه‬
bend shall be in accordance with Table 13.
.‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬13
13.2.3 Inside diameter of bend in welded wire ‫ ﻗﻄﺮ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺟﻮﺷﻲ ﻛﻪ‬3-2-13
fabric for stirrups and ties shall not be less than
4 d b for deformed wire larger than MD40 and
‫ ﺑﺮاي‬4 d b ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬،‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﺧﺎﻣﻮت و ﺗﻨﮓ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ‬
2 d b for all other wires. Bends with inside ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬2 d b ‫ و‬MD40 ‫آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي آﺟﺪار ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از‬
diameter of less than 8 d b shall not be less than ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬8 d b ‫ ﺧﻤﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬.‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
4 d b from nearest welded intersection. .‫ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻮش ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬4 d b ‫ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﺘﺮ از‬

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TABLE 13 - MINIMUM DIAMETERS OF BEND

‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻗﻄﺮﺧﻢ‬-13 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

BAR SIZE MINIMUM DIAMETER

‫اﻧﺪازه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻗﻄﺮ‬

No.10 through No.25 25 ‫ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻤﺮه‬10 ‫ﻧﻤﺮه‬ 6 db

No.30, 32, 36 36 ،32 ،30 ‫ﻧﻤﺮه‬ 8 db

No.45 and No.55 55 ‫ و‬45 ‫ﻧﻤﺮه‬ 10 d b

13.3 Bending ‫ ﺧﻢ ﻛﺮدن‬3-13

13.3.1 All reinforcement shall be bent cold, unless ‫ ﺗﻤﺎم آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺳﺮد ﺧﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ‬1-3-13
otherwise permitted by the AR. .‫آﻧﻜﻪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ اﺟﺎزه دﻫﺪ‬
13.3.2 Reinforcement partially embedded in ‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ در ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻬﺎر ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‬2-3-13
concrete shall not be field bent, except as shown ‫ ﻣﮕﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ در ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬،‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
on the design drawings or permitted by the AR.
.‫ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه و ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ اﺟﺎزه داده ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
13.4 Surface Conditions of Reinforcement ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺳﻄﻮح آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬4-13
13.4.1 At time concrete is placed, metal ‫ روﻏﻦ و ﻳﺎ‬،‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﮔﻞ‬،‫ در زﻣﺎن ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬1-4-13
reinforcement shall be free from mud, oil, or other ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻬﺎي ﻏﻴﺮﻓﻠﺰي ﻛﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ در ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬
nonmetallic coatings that adversely affect bonding
capacity. .‫ ﻋﺎري ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ دارد‬

13.4.2 Metal reinforcement, except prestressing ‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي )ﺑﺠﺰ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه( ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ زﻧﮓ‬2-4-13
tendons, with rust, mill scale, or a combination of ‫ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ دوي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﺮﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﺑﻌﺎد )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬،‫آﻫﻦ‬
both shall be considered satisfactory, provided the
minimum dimensions (including height of ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع آج( و وزن ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮس ﺧﻮرده آﻧﻬﺎ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه‬
deformations) and weight of a hand-wire brushed .‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬ASTM ‫در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
test specimen are not less than applicable ASTM
specification requirements.

13.4.3 Prestressing tendons shall be clean and free ،‫ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ‬،‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﺎري از روﻏﻦ‬3-4-13
of oil, dirt, scale, pitting and excessive rust. A ‫ وﺟﻮد ﻳﻚ‬.‫ ﺳﻮراخ و زﻧﮓ زدﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ از اﻧﺪازه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
light oxide is permissible.
.‫ ﺑﻼﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﺳﺖ‬،‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﺎزك زﻧﮓ‬
13.5 Placing Reinforcement ‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﺑﻨﺪي‬5-13
13.5.1 Reinforcement, prestressing tendons, and ‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ دﻗﺖ‬،‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬1-5-13
ducts shall be accurately placed and adequately ‫ﻧﺼﺐ و ﭘﻴﺶ از ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻬﺎر ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و‬
supported before concrete is placed, and shall be
secured against displacement within tolerances .‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬2-5-13 ‫روادارﻳﻬﺎي ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
permitted in subclause 13.5.2.

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13.5.2 Unless otherwise specified by the AR, ‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻞﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪه و ﻏﻼﻓﻬﺎي‬،‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬2-5-13
reinforcement, prestressing tendons, and ‫ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ‬،‫ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ روادارﻳﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
prestressing ducts shall be placed within the
following tolerances:
.‫ﺑﻨﺤﻮ دﻳﮕﺮي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

13.5.2.1 Tolerance for depth d, and minimum ‫ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬d ‫ روادارﻳﻬﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ‬1-2-5-13
concrete cover in flexural members, walls and ‫ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ و اﻋﻀﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬،‫ﺑﺘﻦ در اﻋﻀﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‬
compression members shall be as follows:
:‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺟﺪول زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

TABLE 14 – TOLERANCE FOR DEPTH AND CONCRETE COVER

‫ روادارﻳﻬﺎي ﻋﻤﻖ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ‬-14 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

DEPTH TOLERANCE ON TOLERANCE ON MINIMUM

d CONCRETE COVER
‫رواداري ﻋﻤﻖ‬ ‫رواداري ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬

d  200 mm ±10 mm -10 mm

d >200 mm ±12 mm -12 mm

Except that tolerance for the clear distance to ‫ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء رواداري ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ آزاد ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺳﻘﻔﻬﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي‬
formed soffits shall be minus 6 mm, and tolerance ‫( ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و رواداري ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬-6) ‫ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
for cover shall not exceed minus 1/3 the minimum
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮم ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬
concrete cover required in the design drawings or
specifications. .‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎ و ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻃﺮح ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻛﻨﺪ‬

13.5.2.2 Tolerance for longitudinal location of ‫ روادارﻳﻬﺎي ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺧﻤﻬﺎ و اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬2-2-5-13
bends and ends of reinforcement shall be ±50 mm ‫ ﺑﺠﺰ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﺪه اﻋﻀﺎ ﻛﻪ در آﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬±50
except at discontinuous ends of members where
tolerance shall be ±25 mm.
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬±25 ‫روادارﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬

13.5.2.3 Welded wire fabric (with wire size not ‫ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺟﻮﺷﻲ )ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد‬3-2-5-13
greater than MW30 or MD30) used in slabs not ‫( ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ در داﻟﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ‬MW30 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬MD30 ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
exceeding 3 m in span may be curved from a
point near the top of slab over the support to a
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ از ﻧﻘﻄﻪاي ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻي دال در‬3 ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
point near the bottom of slab at midspan, provided .‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دال در وﺳﻂ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
such reinforcement is either continuous over, or ‫ﻣﺸﺮوط ﺑﻪ آﻧﻜﻪ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﮔﺬاري ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎه اداﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ‬
securely anchored at support.
.‫درﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﻬﺎر ﺷﻮد‬
13.5.4 Welding of crossing bars shall not be ‫ ﺟﻮش دادن ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻼﻗﻲ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي‬4-5-13
permitted for assembly of reinforcement unless .‫آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺟﺎزه ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬
authorized by the AR.

13.6 Spacing Limits for Reinforcement ‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﮔﺬاري‬6-13

13.6.1 Clear distance between parallel bars in a ‫ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ آزاد ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻣﻮازي در ﻫﺮ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬1-6-13
layer shall be not less than db but not less than 25 .‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬25 ‫ و در ﻫﺮ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از‬db ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
mm.

13.6.2 Where parallel reinforcement is placed in ‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﻮازي در دو ﻻﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ‬2-6-13
two or more layers. .‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‬

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bars in the upper layers shall be placed directly ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ دﻗﻴﻘﺎً ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻻي ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي‬
above bars in the bottom layer with clear distance
25 ‫ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎي زﻳﺮي ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ آزاد ﺑﻴﻦ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
between layers not less than 25 mm.
.‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
13.6.3 In spirally reinforced or tied reinforced ،‫ در اﻋﻀﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﺎ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺎرﭘﻴﭻ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﮓ‬3-6-13
compression members, clear distance between 40 ‫ و ﻳﺎ‬1/5 db‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ آزاد ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
longitudinal bars shall be not less than 1.5 db nor
40 mm .
.‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

13.6.4 Clear distance limitation between bars shall ‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ آزاد ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ آزاد‬4-6-13
apply also to the clear distance between a contact ‫ﺑﻴﻦ وﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪه و وﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي‬
lap splice and adjacent splices or bars.
.‫ﻣﺠﺎور ﻧﻴﺰ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
13.6.5 In walls and slabs other than concrete joist ‫ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ در دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ و داﻟﻬﺎ‬5-6-13
construction, primary flexural reinforcement shall 450 ‫ﺑﺠﺰ ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ دال ﻳﺎ دﻳﻮار و ﻳﺎ‬
be spaced not farther apart than three times the
wall or slab thickness, nor 450 mm.
.‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

13.6.6 Bundled bars ‫ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ‬6-6-13

13.6.6.1 Groups of parallel reinforcing bars ‫ در ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻣﻮازي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮوه‬1-6-6-13
bundled in contact to act as a unit shall be limited ‫ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﭼﻬﺎر ﻋﺪد ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬،‫واﺣﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
to four in any one bundle.
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
13.6.6.2 Bundled bars shall be enclosed within ‫ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺗﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﮕﻬﺎ‬2-6-6-13
stirrups or ties. .‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮر ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
13.6.6.3 Bars larger than No.36 shall not be ‫ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ در‬36 ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از ﻧﻤﺮه‬3-6-6-13
bundled in beams. .‫ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﺑﻜﺎر روﻧﺪ‬
13.6.6.4 Individual bars within a bundle ‫ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻛﻪ در‬4-6-6-13
terminated within the span of flexural members ‫ﻃﻮل دﻫﺎﻧﻪ اﻋﻀﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻘﺎط ﺟﺪا از‬
shall terminate at different points with at least
40db stagger.
.‫ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬40db ‫ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬

13.6.6.5 Where spacing limitations and minimum ‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬5-6-6-13
concrete cover are based on bar diameter db, a unit ‫ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮوه‬،‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬db ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ‬
of bundled bars shall be treated as a single bar of a
diameter derived from the equivalent total area.
‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬
.‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي واﻗﻊ در آن ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
13.6.7 Prestressing tendons and ducts ‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه و ﻏﻼﻓﻬﺎ‬7-6-13
13.6.7.1 Clear distance between pretensioning ‫ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ آزاد ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﻛﺸﻴﺪه در ﻫﺮ‬1-7-6-13
tendons at each end of a member shall be not less ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ‬4db ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻔﺘﻮﻟﻬﺎ و‬5db ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻋﻀﻮ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
than 5db for wire, nor 4db for strands. Closer
vertical spacing and bundling of tendons may be ‫ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ و ﮔﺮوه ﻛﺮدن ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
permitted in the middle portion of a span. .‫دﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل اﺳﺖ‬

13.6.7.2 Post-tensioning ducts may be bundled if ‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺘﻮان ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي را ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬2-7-6-13
shown that concrete can be satisfactorily placed ‫اﺟﺮا ﻧﻤﻮد و ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات ﻻزم را ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﭘﺎرﮔﻲ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ‬
and if provision is made to prevent the tendons,
when tensioned, from breaking through the duct.
‫ ﻏﻼﻓﻬﺎي ﭘﺲ‬،‫در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻛﺸﻴﺪن در داﺧﻞ ﻏﻼف ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
.‫ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ اﺟﺮا ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

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13.7 Concrete Protection for Reinforcement ‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ روي آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬7-13

13.7.1 Cast-in-place concrete (nonprestressed) (‫ ﺑﺘﻦ درﺟﺎ )ﺑﺪون ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬1-7-13
The following minimum concrete cover shall be :‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ روي آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺸﺮح زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
provided for reinforcement:

TABLE 15 – MINIMUM CONCRETE COVER – CAST IN PLACE

‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ درﺟﺎ‬-15 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

Description Minimum Cover.

‫ﺷﺮح‬ mm
(‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ )ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬

Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth 75

‫ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و در ﺗﻤﺎس داﺋﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك‬

Concrete exposed to earth or weather: :‫ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﺎك ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﻮي‬

No. 20 through No. 55 bars 55 ‫ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻤﺮه‬20 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺮه‬ 50
No. 16 bar, MW200 or MD200 wire and smaller 40
‫ وﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬MD200 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬MW200 ‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬،16 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬
Concrete not exposed to weather or contact with ground:
:‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﻮي ﻳﺎ ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
Slabs, walls, joists: : ‫ ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬،‫داﻟﻬﺎ‬
No. 45 and No. 55 bars 55 ‫ و‬45 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺮه‬ 40
No. 36 bar and smaller ‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬36 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬ 20

Beams, columns: :‫ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ و ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬

Primary reinforcement, ties, stirrups, spirals ‫ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺗﻬﺎ و ﻣﺎرﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﻨﮕﻬﺎ‬،‫آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ‬
Shells, folded plate members: :‫ اﻋﻀﺎي ﺻﻔﺤﻪاي ﭼﻴﻦ ﭘﻠﻴﺴﻪ اي‬،‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
No. 20 bar and larger ‫ و ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ‬20 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬ 20
No. 15 bar, MW200 or MD200 wire, and smaller 13
‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬MD200 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬MW200 ‫ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﻟﻬﺎ‬،15 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬

In contact with or above sea water: ‫در ﺗﻤﺎس ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻻي آب درﻳﺎ‬

underside and sides of slabs ‫ﺳﻄﻮح زﻳﺮي و ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ دال‬ 75
top side of slab ‫ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ دال‬ 50
Beams ‫ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬ 75

13.7.2 Precast concrete (manufactured under ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ )ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬2-7-13
plant control conditions) (‫ﺷﺪه ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ اي‬
The following minimum concrete cover shall be ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮاي آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه و ﻏﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺶ‬
provided for prestressed and nonprestressed
reinforcement: :‫ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ‬

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TABLE 16 – MINIMUM CONCRETE COVER – PRECAST CONCRETE

‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬-16 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

Description Minimum Cover.

‫ﺷﺮح‬ mm
(‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ )ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬

Concrete exposed to earth or weather: ‫ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﺎك ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﻮي‬

Wall Panels: ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻠﻬﺎي دﻳﻮار‬
No. 45 and No. 55 bars, prestressing tendons larger than 40 mm Diameter 40
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬40 ‫ و ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬55 ‫ و‬45 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺮه‬
20
No. 36 bar and smaller, prestressing tendons 40 mm diameter and smaller, MW 200 and MD
200 wire and smaller
‫ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬،‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬40 ‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ‬،‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬36 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬
‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬MD 200 ‫ و‬MW 200
Other members: :‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻋﻀﺎء‬
No. 45 and No.55 bars, prestressing tendons larger than 40 mm diameter 50
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬40 ‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از‬،55 ‫ و‬45 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺮه‬
40
No. 20 through No.36 bars, prestressing tendons larger than 16 mm diameter through 40 mm
diameter
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬40 ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﺎ‬16 ‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬،36 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬20 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺮه‬
No. 16 bar and smaller, prestressing tendons 16 mm diameter and smaller, 30
MW200 or MD200 wire and smaller
MW200 ‫ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬،‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬16 ‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ‬،‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬16 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺮه‬
‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬MD200 ‫ﻳﺎ‬

Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground:

:‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﻮي ﻳﺎ ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
Slabs, walls, joists: :‫ ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬،‫داﻟﻬﺎ‬
No.45 and No.55 bars, prestressing tendons larger than 40 mm diameter
30
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬40 ‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از‬،55 ‫ و ﻧﻤﺮه‬45 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺮه‬
Prestressing tendons 40 mm diameter and smaller
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬40 ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ‬ 20

No.36 bar and smaller, MW200 or MD200 wire and smaller

‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬MD200 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬MW200 ‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻔﺘﻮل‬36 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬ 10

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TABLE 16 – Continued 16 ‫اداﻣﻪ ﺟﺪول‬

Description Minimum Cover.

‫ﺷﺮح‬ mm
(‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ )ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬

Beams, columns: :‫ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ و ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬

Primary reinforcement… db but not less than 16 and need not exceed 40
‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻮد‬40 ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻧﻴﺎز ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ از‬16 ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬db ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ‬
Ties, stirrups, spirals ‫ ﻣﺎرﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺗﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺗﻨﮕﻬﺎ‬ 10
Shells, folded plate members: :‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ و اﻋﻀﺎي ﺻﻔﺤﻪ اي ﭼﻴﻦ ﭘﻠﻴﺴﻪ اي‬
Prestressing tendons ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه‬ 20
No.20 bar and larger ‫ و ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ‬20 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬ 16
No.16 Bar, MW200 or MD200 wire, and smaller 10
‫ وﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬MD200 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬MW200 ‫ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬،16 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬

In contact with or above sea water: ‫در ﺗﻤﺎس ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻻي آب درﻳﺎ‬

underside and sides of slab ‫ﺳﻄﻮح زﻳﺮي و ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ داﻟﻬﺎ‬ 75
top side of slab ‫ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻻي دال‬ 50

beams ‫ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬ 75

13.7.3 Prestressed concrete-cast in place ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه درﺟﺎ‬3-7-13

13.7.3.1 The following minimum concrete cover ‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪه و ﻏﻴﺮ‬1-3-7-13
shall be provided for prestressed and 2-3-7-13 ‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ و اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺑﺠﺰ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﻨﺪﻫــﺎي‬،‫ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻨﻴﺪه‬
nonprestressed reinforcement, ducts, and end
fittings, except as provided in Sections 13.7.3.2 :‫ ﺑﺸﺮح ﺟﺪول زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ‬2-7-13 ‫و‬
and 13.7.2:

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TABLE 17 – MINIMUM CONCRETE COVER – PRESTRESSED CAST IN PLACE

‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه درﺟﺎ‬-17 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

Description Minimum Cover.

‫ﺷﺮح‬ mm
(‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ )ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬

Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth 75

‫ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﺠﺎورت داﺋﻤﻲ ﺧﺎك‬

Concrete exposed to earth or weather: ‫ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﺠﺎورت ﺧﺎك ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﻮي‬

Wall panels, slabs, joists ‫ داﻟﻬﺎ و ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ﭘﺎﻧﻠﻬﺎي دﻳﻮار‬
25
Other members ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻋﻀﺎء‬
40
Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground:
:‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﻮي و ﺧﺎك ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
Slabs, walls, joists ‫ ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬،‫داﻟﻬﺎ‬ 20

Beams, columns: :‫ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ و ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬

Primary reinforcement ‫آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ‬ 40
Ties, stirrups, spirals ‫ ﻣﺎرﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺗﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺗﻨﮕﻬﺎ‬ 25

Shells, folded plate members: :‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ و اﻋﻀﺎي ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭼﻴﻦ ﭘﻠﻴﺴﻪ اي‬
No.16 bar, MW200 or MD200 wire, and smaller 10
‫ وﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬MD200 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬MW200 ‫ و ﻣﻔﺘﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬16 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﻧﻤﺮه‬
db but not ‫ وﻟﻲ‬db ‫ﻣﻌﺎدل‬
Other reinforcement ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮآرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬ less than 20 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
20

In contact with or above sea water: :‫در ﺗﻤﺎس ﻳﺎ روي آب درﻳﺎ‬

underside and sides of slab ‫ﺳﻄﻮح زﻳﺮي و ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ داﻟﻬﺎ‬ 75
top side of slab ‫ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ دال‬ 50

beams ‫ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬ 75

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13.7.3.2 For prestressed concrete members ‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻀﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض‬2-3-7-13
exposed to earth, weather, or corrosive ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﻮي ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎي ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺧﺎك‬
environments, minimum cover shall be increased
50 percent.
.‫ درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬50 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬

13.7.4 Bundled bars ‫ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ‬4-7-13

For bundled bars, minimum concrete cover shall ‫ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﻌﺎدل‬
be equal to the equivalent diameter of the bundle, 50 ‫ اﻣﺎ ﻻزم ﻧﻴﺴﺖ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار از‬،‫ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮد ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
but need not be greater than 50 mm, except for
‫ ﺑﺠﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض داﺋﻤﻲ ﺧﺎك ﻛﻪ‬،‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ زﻳﺎدﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
concrete cast against and permanently exposed to
earth, minimum cover shall be 75 mm. .‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬75 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬

13.7.5 Corrosive environments ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه‬5-7-13

In corrosive environments or other severe ‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬
exposure conditions, amount of concrete ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ و ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ و ﻋﺪم ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
protection shall be suitably increased, and
.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد و ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬
denseness and nonporosity of protecting concrete
shall be considered, or other protection shall be
provided.

13.7.6 Future extensions ‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در آﻳﻨﺪه‬6-7-13

Exposed reinforcement, inserts, and plates ‫ و ورﻗﻬﺎي ﻛﺎرﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬،‫ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت‬،‫آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬
intended for bonding with future extensions shall .‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ آﻳﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
be protected from corrosion.

13.7.7 Fire protection ‫ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮزي‬7-7-13

When the general building standard requires a ‫درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻛﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬
thickness of cover for fire protection greater than 7-13 ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
the minimum concrete cover specified in Clause
IPS-E-CE-260 ‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
13.7, such greater thicknesses shall be according
to IPS-E-CE-260. .‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬

13.8 For additional information regarding ،‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ در ﻣﻮرد ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬8-13
reinforcement details for columns, connections, ‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻀﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري و اﻋﻀﺎي‬،‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬
lateral reinforcement for compression and flexural
members, shrinkage and temperature
‫ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻓﺖ و ﺣﺮارت و اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ ﺳﺎزه‬،‫ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‬
reinforcements and requirements for structural .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ACI 318M ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬7 ‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ‬
integrity, reference is made to Chapter 7 of
ACI 318M.

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