CONTENT Chapter Topic 1. Syllabus and Questions Paper Design 2. Reading Skill (Comprehension Passages) 3. Writing Skills 4. Grammar 5. Literature (1) First Flight (2) Footprints without Feet Sample Question Paper-Solved Pg. No. 15 53 83 96 341ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE (CODE NO. 184) CLASS-X (2022-23) SECTION-WISE WEIGHTAGE Sections A Reading Skills (40 periods) B Writing Skills with Grammar (40 periods) Cc Literature Textbooks and Supplementary Reading Text (60 periods) Section A Reading Skills Reading Comprehension through Unseen Passage 20 Marks 1. Discursive passage of 400-450 words. (10 Marks) 2. Case-based passage (with visual input-statistical data, chart etc.) of 200-250 words. (10 Marks) (Total length of two passages to be 600-700 words) Multiple Choice Questions/Objective Type Questions will be asked to assess inference, analysis, interpretation, evaluation and vocabulary. Sections B Ill Grammar 10 Marks 1 X- English* Tenses + Modals * Subject- verb concord + Reported speech * Commands and requests + Statements * Questions * Determiners The courses at the secondary level seek to cement high professional grasp of grammatical items and levels of accuracy. Accurate use of spelling, punctuation and grammar in context will be assessed through Gap Filling/ Editing/Transformation exercisers. Ten out of 12 quesions will have to be attempted. IV Creative Writing Skills 10 Marks This section will have short as well as long writing tasks including compositions. 1. Formal Letter based on a given situation in 100-120 words. One out of two questions is to be answered 5 Marks 2. Writing an Analytical Paragraph (100-120 words) on a given Map/Chart/Graph/Cue/ s. One out of two questions is to be be answered. 5 Marks Section C 2 X- EnglishV. Reference to the Context |. One extract out of two from Drama/Prose. Il. One extract out of two from poetry. (5+5=10 Marks) Multiple Choice Questions/Objective Type Questions will be asked to assess inference, analysis, interpretation, evaluation and vocabulary. VI. Short & Very Long Answer Questions (30 Marks) 1. Four out of Five Short Answer Type Questions to be answered in 40-50 words from the book FIRST FLIGHT. 4x3= 12 marks 2. Two out of Three Short Answer Type Questions to be answered in 40-50 words each from FOOTPRINTS WITHOUT FEET. 2x3= 6 marks 3. One out of two Long Answer Type Questions from FIRST FLIGHT to be answered in about 100-120 words each to assess creativity, imagination and extrapolation beyond the text and across the texts. This can be a passage-based question taken from a situation /plot from the texts. 6 marks 4. One out of two Long Answer Type Questions from FOOTPRINTS WITHOUT FEET on theme or plot involving interpretations, extrapolation beyond the text and inference or character sketch to be answered in about 100-120 words. 6 marks 3 X- EnglishPrescribed Books: Published by NCERT, New Delhi First Flight Prose ©MNOAARYWN SB . ALetter to God Nelson Mandela - Long Walk Freedom . Two Stories About Flying . From the Diary of Anne Frank |. Glimpses of India . Mijbil the Otter Madam Rides the Bus . The Sermon at Benares . The Proposal (Play) Poems ©ANORAAWN SB . Dust of Snow Fire and Ice Atiger in the Zoo . How to tell Wild Animals . The Ball Poem . Amanda! . The Trees Fog . The Tale of Custard the Dragon X- English10.For Anne Gregory FOOTPRINTS WITHOUT FEET . ATriumph of Surgery . The Theif’s Story The Midnight Visitor . A Question of Trust . Footprints without Feet . The Making of a Scientist The Necklace . Bholi 9. The Book that Saved the Earth 3. WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS- II (WORKBOOK FOR CLASS X)- Unit 1 to 4 and Units 7 to 11 SNOT RWN SA Note: Teachers are advised to: 1. encourage interaction among peers, students and teachers through activities such as roleplay, discussions, group work etc. 2. reduce teacher-talking time and keep it to the minimum, 3. take up questions for discussion to encourage pupils to participate and to marshal their ideas and express and defend their views, and 4. follow the Speaking and Listening activities given in the NCERT books. Besides measuring learning outcome, texts serve the dual purpose of diagnosing mistakes and areas of non- 5 X- Englishiearining. To make evaluation a true index of learners knowledge, each language skill is to be assessed through a judicious mixture of different types of questions. 6 X- EnglishINTERNAL ASSESSMENT Listening and Speaking Competencies 30 periods Assessment of Listening and Speaking Skills will be for 05 marks. It is recommended that listening and speaking skills should be regularly practised Artintegrated projects based on activities like Role Play, Skit, Dramatizatin etc. must be used. Please refer to the Circular no. Acad-33/2020 dated 14th May 2020 at the http://cbseacademic.nic.iniweb material/ Circulars/2020/33 circular 2020 paf for details 7 X- EnglishGuidelines for the Assessment of Listening and Speaking Skills are given at Annexure I. ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Code no. (184) Class-X (2022-23) Marks 80 Section Competencies Total marks Reading Conceptual 20 Comprehension | inderstanding, decoding, analyzing, inferring, interpreting and vocabulary Writing Skill and | Creative expression |20 Grammar of an opinion, reasoning, _justifying, illustrating,appropriacy of style and tone, using appropriate format and fluency. Applying conventions, using integrated structures with accuracy and fluency X- EnglishLanguage through |Recalling, reasoning, |40 Literature appreciating, applying literary conventions illustrating and justifying etc. extract relevant infromation, identificatying the central theme and sub-theme, understanding the writer message and = writing fluently. Total 80 X- EnglishGuidelines for Assessment of of Listening and Speaking Skills, (ALS) ALS is a component of the Subject Enrichment Activity under Internal Assessment. ALS must be seen as an integrated component of all four language skills rather than a compartment of two. Suggested activities, therefore, take into consideration an integration of the four language skills. but during assessment, emphasis will be given to speaking and listening, since reading and writing are already being assessed in the written exam. Assessment of Listening and Speaking skills: (5 Marks) 1. Acti * Subject teachers must refer to books prescribed in the syllabus. + In addition to the above, teacher may plan their own activities and create their own material for assessing the listening and speaking skills Il. Parameters for Assessment: The listening and speaking skills are to be assessed on the following parameters: (a)Interactive competence (Initiation & turn taking, relevance to the topic) (b) Fluency (cohesion, coherence and speed of delivery) (c) Pronunciation (d) Language (grammar and vocabulary) A. suggestive rubric is given below: 10 X- EnglishInteraction | + 2 3 + 5 sconti- [econ |e Develops |» interaction | + can butions butions are interaction | is adequate- | inate & aro mainly Joftenunrelat- | adequate- | iyintiatod | logically uneelatedto Jedtothose |¥,makes | and develop | develop those ofether forthe other however |e can take | simple con- speakers. | speaker, | minimaleffort| turn but | versation esnows |eGeneraly |tointiate —|needsitte | on amiiar haraly any in| passive inthe | conversation | prompting. | topics tative inthe | development | « Needs Can take development | of conversa- | constant tums appro- ofconversa- | tion prompting to priately. ton take tums + Very limited interaction, 11 X- EnglishPronunc+ [ Insufficient | «Frequently [eLargely ]eMosty | «Can ation — J accuracyin | unintetigible | correct pro- | correct pronounce pronuncia- J articulation | nunciation & | pronunciae | correctly & tion; many | Frequent | cleararticula-| tion & clear | articulate grammatical | phonological |tion except | articulation. | clearly errors. errors, eceasional |eCanbe —|is always Commu: |» Major com- | errors. clearly comprehen- nication is | munication JeSome | understood | sible; uses severely | problems. J expressions _| most of te | aporopriate affected. cause stress | time; very | intonation without com- | few pho- promising | nological with under: | errors. standing ‘of spoken discourse 12 X- EnglishVooab- Je Demom JeCom JeCommu Je Can = Can uiary& | strates amnost| municates ricates express | express Grammar | no textilty, | wth mites [with imites with some | with some and mostly | exbitty and_| nexbitty and | fexibilty and | nexiitty struggles for | approprcacy | appropriacy | appropriacy | and appro- appropriate Jonsome ot Jon mostot |on most ot | pracy on words thetopics the topics | te tonies | a variety of + Uses + Complex |e Sometimes |« Demon- | topics such verybasic |formsand uses com- |strates | as amily, vocabularyto | sentence | plex torms | abity to use | hobbies, express view- | structures are | and sentence | complex | work, travel points rare; exnib- | structure; | forms and | and current istimted | hastimted sentence | events vocabulary to | vocabulary |tructures | Frequent express new |todescrbe’ |mostottre |iyuses ideas expressinew |time;ex | complex points presses with | forms ana adequate | sentence vocabulary | structures; has enough vocabulary toexpress, himset herseif 13 X- EnglishFluency Noticeably’ [+ Usualy | iswiling Speaks | « Speaks &Coher- }iong paus- | fiuent: pro. |tospeak | without | fuenty ence —fes;rateof | duces simple Jat length, | noticeable | almost Speech is | speech fuent- | however | effort, with a | with no slow ly, butloses | repetition is | tue repeti- | repetition ‘Frequent | coherence in |noticeable | tion & minimal repetition | complex com- | « Hesitates | eDemon- | hesitation andior munication | andior sett | strates '* Develops self-corree- |e Often corrects; | hesitation to | topic fully & tion hesitates anal | occasionally | find words or | coherently Links corresorts to [loses coher- | use correct only basic | slow speech | ence grammatical sentences; |e Topics part- |e Topics _| structures. breakdown | ly developed; | mainly andlor self of coherence | notaways | developed, | correction evident concluded | butusually | » Topics not logically rot logically | fully devel- concluded _ | oped to merit Schedule: 1. The practice of listening and speaking skills shoould be done throughout the academic year. 2. the final assessment of the skills is to be done as per the convenience and schedule of the school. 14 X- EnglishPARTA Reading Skills Discursive Passage Passage 1 1, Read the passage carefully. On the basis of your reading, answer the given questions: (Para-1) The food industry is one of the biggest exploiters of animals and is responsible for mass suffering and death. Every year, tens of billions of animals are killed for food, and most endure lives of constant fear and torment. Nearly all the animal raised for food in America today are separated from their families and crammed by the thousands into filthy warehouses, where they spend their entire lives in abysmally filthy conditions. They are mutilated without the use of painkillers and deprived of everything that is natural and important to them. On the killing floor, many animals are conscious and struggling to escape while their throats are cut- and some are still conscious while their bodies are hacked apart or when they are dunked into tanks of scalding-hot water. (Para-2) It is an indisputable fact that animals have sentience and complex systems. Animals are intelligent and complex-much more so than many people even realize- and scientists are finding more and more evidence of this all the time. But emotional complexities and intellectual capabilities aside, animals can feel pain just like humans 15 X- Englishcan- and just like us, they value their lives and do not want to suffer. (Para-3) People may ask, “But animals eat meat, so why shouldn't we?” Some animals do kill other animals for food, but unlike most humans, those particular animals could not survive if they didn't. It's unfortunate that some suffering is a part of nature. But humans are capable of making choices based on ethics-such as how to feed, clothe, and entertain ourselves-so we have the responsibility of making the most ethical choices possible and of doing our best to reduce suffering of any kind. (Para-4) Of course, there are also similarities between humans and other animals. Like us, other animals experience fear, pain, and distress. But we are uniquely capable of choosing between cruelty and kindness, so we should never illfully inflict pain on any being-human or nonhuman. (Para-5) According to PETA research, the food industry has caused the most mass suffering and death among animals. The living conditions of most animals are filthy and they have to live in constant fear and torment. In almost all cases, animals are also separated from their family making them feel more alone and scared to face death. (Para -6) Humans have the ability to reason and make compassionate choices, so we must end the use of animal, for food in favour of a humane, vegan way of eating. There is no humane or ethical way to eat animals-so if people 16 X- Englishare serious about protecting animals, the environment, and fellow humans, the most important thing that they can do is to stop eating meat, eggs, and dairy products.” (Para -7) By lowering the amount of meat people consume, itwill decrease the amount of torture animals go through. It’s unethical for people to eat meat considering humans don’t do it out of survival, they do it out of enjoyment. Therefore, people should consider more plant-based diets. Source of text http://www. peta.org/teachkind/lesson-plans-activities/ eating animals-ethical-debate-kit/ https://silverstreakonline.com/opinion/2020/03/03/eating- meat-is unethical/ On the basis of your understanding of the passage attempt ANY TEN questions from the twelve that follow. (1x10=10) 1. The central message conveyed by the excerpt is: (a) Promoting vegetarianism (a) Discouraging non-vegetarianism (b) Introducing ethical way of eating animal (c) Exhibiting statistics of animal consumption (A)only a (2)both a and b (3)a,b,c (4)only d q7 ‘X- English. What does the author mean when he says ‘people should consider more plant-based diets” (Para 7)? (a)a regimen that encourages whole, plant-based foods and discourages meats, dairy products and eggs as well as all refined and processed foods. (b)consuming Animal Source Foods (ASF) which includes many food items that come from an animal source such as meat, milk, eggs, honey, cheese and yogurt (c) partly a, partly b (d)strictly a and not b . The phrase “making ethical choices” in Para 3 refers to considering common concerns like: (a)Causing Minimal/no damage to the environment, (b)Being mindful of the food shortage for others, (c)Being sensitive to inhumane treatment of food animals (d)All of the above Choose the option that lists statement which is NOT TRUE. (a) There is no humane or ethical way to eat animals (b) Animals can feel pain just like humans can (c) The food industry is one of the biggest animals-saver (d) Cruelty to animals is on the rise, because of rising non vegetarianism . The word “mutilated” in Para 1 means: 18 X- English. In the line”. (a)aided (b) butchered (c) decorated (d)healed .make compassionate choices” in Para 6, the word “compassionate” DOES NOT refer to (a)sensitive and empathetic (b)kind and merciful (c) benevolent and thoughtful (d) indifferent and heartless If people lower their consumption of meat, it will (a)escalate the human mortality rate (b) decrease the amount of torture animals go through (c)not help conserve the environment (d)make no difference to the suffering of animals People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is the largest animal rights organization in the world, seems to work to: (a)stop animal suffering (b) support animal rights (c) curb animal abuse (d)provide shelter and medical aid to disadvantaged animals (1)only a and b (2)only a and c (3)only ¢ and d 19 X- English(4)all: a, b,c, d. 9. Which is the most suitable ‘title’ for the above passage? 10.Which out of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “sentience” (Para 2)? (a) Mental incapacity (b) The quality of being able to experience feelings (c) Lack of sensibility an awareness (d) Trauma and pain 11.Choose the correct option of dairy products, being referred to in Para 6. (a)butter, cheese, milk, honey (b)cheese, yoghurt, milk, butter (c) beans, milk, ice cream, coconut (d)almond milk, bread, oil, cream 12.1n Para 4, which similarity between humans and animals has been specified? How food industry is a big threat to animal's life Passage 2 1. Read the passage carefully. On the basis of your reading, answer the given questions: (Para-1) Social media—it's everywhere! From Facebook to ‘Instagram to Twitter and beyond, we've reached an age where communication through the digital world is commonplace, rather than a rarity. Though we may not want to admit it, perhaps too many minutes or even hours of our day are spent scrolling through feeds as a time filler 37 SSC Englishor even to avoid uncomfortable face-to-face situations. (Para-2) Social media sites like Facebook and Instagram can also be a wonderful way to keep connected with friends and family who live far away or who you might not otherwise stay in close contact with. It's nice to be able to maintain the connections you make in life. In many ways social media can also serve as a creative outlet to market businesses, spread important messages, stay up-to-date with news, or simply express yourself on a public platform. Though there are definite positives, it is hugely important to understand the potentially detrimental risks social media use can present. (Para-3) Have you ever felt instant gratification after posting a photo on Instagram or Facebook due toa stream of incoming likes or comments? Or have you ever felt anxious or unsure about yourself right after posting something if the likes or comments weren't as high as you expected? Well, the effects on mental health have been linked to users focusing on the need to gain “likes” or followers as a means to increase their self-worth, making toxic comparisons with online friends’ lives, and having too little face-to-face time to truly connect with others and the societal pressure of perfectionism (Para-4) It’s certainly normal to feel happy when you receive likes and comments on your posts. In fact, it's likely to temporarily boost your self-esteem. It is crucial to see, however, how this may begin to affect how we value 21 X- Englishourselves. Likes and comments are signs of validation. The more likes we get, the better we tend to feel. But when this happens, we place the value of others’ opinions above our own. Letting other people determine your self-worth is a sure-fire way to destruct self-confidence and feel less-than- adequate. Frequent posting and updating to social media sites may make you feel like you've adequately connected with others, though virtually. Source of text: http:/Avww.healthcorps.org/how-social-media-can-affect- your-self-esteemhttps://selecthealth.org/blog/2019/08/is- social-media-hurting /-your-self-esteem ers ea] YOU ONLY, LIVE ONCE SO MAKE SURE Peete YOU FpTEEN Hus Fase Ogee ‘ADAY ON) : ‘SEEKING VALIDATION Eats FROM STRANGERS ° 22 X- EnglishOn the basis of your understanding of the passage attempt ANY TEN questions from the twelve that follow. (1x10=10) 1. Choose the image-quote that DOES NOT capture the central idea of the passage 2. Which of the following will be the most appropriate title for the passage? (a)Let's make headlines! (b) The social good of social media (c) Logout is the hardest button to click! (d) Going global. 3. The author attempts to. the readers through this write-up. (a)criticize (b) question (c) offer advice to (d) appreciate 4. What does the author mean when he says, potentially detrimental risks” in Para 2? (a) Excessive social media use may cause unhappiness and a general dissatisfaction with life. (b)It may also increase the risk of developing mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. (c)It may have a profound negative impact on your communication, interpersonal, and social skills. (d) social network, encourage discovery. 23 X- English(1) Only 1 and 2 (2) Only 2 (3) Only 4 (4)All except 4 .. What is the message conveyed in the last paragraph of the passage? (a)Letting other people determine your self-worth is a healthy trait. (b) Social media is a positive addiction (c) Social media has the potential to influence one’s self-esteem (d) Connecting to others virtually is always better than in-person interactions Choose the option that lists the statement which is NOT TRUE. (a)Social media sites can be a wonderful way to keep connected with long-distance friends and family. (b) Communication through the digital medium is a rarity. (c) Likes and comments are signs of validation. (d)Letting other people determine your self-worth may damage your self-confidence. . Write the social media platforms mentioned in the passage 8. Write any one positive impact of social media 9. ‘Validation’ in Para 4 means (a) Approve 24 X- English(b) Reject (c) Question (d) Embarrass 10.Which of the following DOES NOT correspond in meaning to the word “gratification” used in Para 3. (a) Thrill (b) Fulfilment (c) Satisfaction (d) Disappointed 11. ‘Inviting likes and comments’ (discussed in Para 4) means (a) Inviting people over for dinner/lunch at your place. (b) Offering people virtually view/read what they like (c)Encouraging people to appreciate/acknowledge your post(s) (d) Giving people a right to edit your post(s). 12.Choose the option which condemns the pros of using social media (a) Helps in business marketing and expansion (b) Enables communication and expression (c) Keeps us updated about latest events/news (d) It may trigger psychological medical disorders Passage-3 Read the passage carefully 1. A lot of childhood memories revolve around zoo 25 X- Englishvisits which then was a source of entertainment and amusement, though now one wonders whether it is right to keep animals thus caged. . It is wrong to keep animals in captivity in zoos. Like human beings, even animals have a right to stay in their natural habitat, which they are deprived of when they are taken to a zoo. The vastness of the natural habitat cannot be recreated in the zoo. The area restriction also does not allow them to roam about with their family in large herds and they are kept alone or in pairs. . Wild animals are born with survival skills which ensure that they possess the innate instinct to hunt and kill which makes sure that they survive in the forest. But when they are captured and enclosed in cages in zoos, these instincts slowly disappear due to inaction. . Cleanliness of the zoo is another major concern and animals have to live in dirty, unhygienic and cramped conditions, opposed to the natural green environment of the forest where waste is automatically decomposed and recycled. Thus they are prone to various diseases and die early due to lack proper medical facilities. . Although there are many disadvantages of keeping animals in a zoo, it is also true that zoos protect certain animals from other wild animals in the forest. Thus they are an important means to conserve species of animals which are nearing extinction. Zoos provide an opportunity for researchers to observe the behavioural 26 X- Englishpatterns of these animals and then plan on a strategy which would ensure their survival. 6. Zoos also provide a source of education and information to children. Avisit to a zoo can help a child get acquainted with varous species of animals and understand the importance and value of animals in the ecosystem. 7. The debate over whether zoos are good or bad can’t have a proper conclusion. It is time that by keeping animals in captivity, we are depriving them of their freedom but it is also time that we have managed to save members of a few species only by keeping them in under observation in zoos. On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer ANY TEN questions from the twelve that follow. (1x10-10) 1. Why is it wrong to keep animals in animals in captivity in zoos? 2. Choose the option that best captures the central idea of the passage from the given statements (1)Zoos are source of entertainment (2)Zoos are both beneficial and harmful for wildlife (3)Zoos are unhygienic (4)Zoos protect certain animals from other wild animals 3. Which instincts of animals slowly disappear due to inaction? 4. Which of the following word does not mean the same as “prone”? 27 X- English(1) Vulnerable (2) Susceptible (3) Inclined (4)Resistant 5. The tone of the passage is: (1)Biased (2)Neutral (3) Alarming (4) Critical 6. Waste is automatically decomposed and recycled in: (1)Zoos (2) Forest (3)Cage (4)Cramped conditions 7. The word which means opposite to ‘Freedom’ is? (1) Captivity (2)Vastness (3) Acquainted (4) Extinction 8. Zoos help to conserve species which (Complete the sentence) 9. A zoo serves as a source of. (Fill in the blanks) 10.Which of the following is the most appropriate title for 28 X- Englishthe passage? (1) Saving Animals (2)Wildlife Conservation (3)Zoo-Good or Bad? (4) Childhood memories 11.Read the given statements and choose the correct option Statement A: The natural habitat of the animal can be recreated in the zoo Statement B: Animals play an important role in the ecosystem (1) Only Ais correct (2) Only B is correct (3)Both A and B are correct (4)Both A and B are incorrect 12.Read the following statements about zoos and choose the correct classification from the options given below: (a)The survival skills of animals slowly disappear due to inaction (b)They help in conserving animal species nearing extinction (c) They are a source of education and information for children. (d) Animal have to live in cramped conditions in zoos. 29 ‘X- English(€) The animals are not allowed to roam freely in zoos. ADVANTAGE [DISADVANTAGE I (C)(D) (A).(D),(E) i (A).(B).(D) (B),(D) Im (B),(C) (A).(D),(E) Vv (A),(D),(E) (B),(C) Passage-4 1. Read the passage given below From the gloom and doom of the past many months, the narrative is slowly shifting to how and when normalcy will return to a post COVID-19 India. With the economy in reboot mode, there is a reason to cheer. The Center for Monitoring Indian Economy has reported that the unemployment rate dropped to 6.98% in October form a high of 23.5% in April ‘As we take the long road to recovery, it, however, appears that not everything will go back to what it was. Some things have, perhaps, changed forever. Work From Home (WFH), and Work From Anywhere (WFA) are redefining the workplace. During the lockdowns, almost 90% of India’s 4.3 million IT workforce moved to WFH. WFH became the new norm. Flexible working hours, savings in commute time and a better work-life balance seemed like a dream come true. Employers saw it as an opportunity, to reduce expensive rentals and cost on electricity, facilities management and employee transportation. Conferences and meetings went online. The resultant decrease in the 30 X- Englishcarbon footprint is substantial. WFH has, however, not been without its share of problems. The absence of physical interactions affects the ability ideate, innovate and solve complex challenges. Lack of personal interactions leads to loneliness and reduced mental well-being. Binge working, longer working hours, lack of peer support and in some cases, even greater stress are among the problems. This shift resulted in hugely disruptive consequences for other sectors. The market for office space sales and rentals has plummeted. Cities are seeing a huge increase in the number of vacant houses leading to discounted rentals and falling home sales. The pandemic induced change in customer preferences has given e-commerce a huge boost, whereas footfall in malls and traditional stores has dramatically reduced. But WFH is here to stay. The future will see the evolution of a blended model that combines remote and office-based work, Digital technologies, intelligent networks and adaptive management practices will drive this transformation. SOURCE: Magazine, The Hindu On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer any TEN questions from the twelve that follow— 1. The author talks of “gloom and doom of the past many months...” The reason for this has been— (a)dependence on digital technologies 31 X- English(b) working from home (c) outbreak of COVID-19 (d)more employment opportunities The workforce that moved to Work From Home (WFH) culture during lockdown was mainly the (a) skilled labour (b) bankers (c) information technologists (d) real estate developers . Choose the correct option: The new norm - Work From. Home - helps people by (i) giving them a lot of money to travel from home to office (ii) saving time in travelling from home to office (iii)giving them flexible working hours (iv) giving them a lot of personal interaction (v) a better work life balance (a) i, ili, iv (b)ii, ii,v ()i, iv.v (d)ii, ii,iv . The shift from office-based work to Work From Home has helped the environment in that it led to— (a)increase in growth of industries (b) decrease in carbon emission 32 X- English(c) decrease in fuel prices (d)increase in employment opportunities Mention any one disadvantages of working from home Select the option that makes the correct use of the word “commute” as used in the passage to fill in the blank space- (a)The judge ordered to - ——f the death-—- sentence to life imprisonment (b) He -to work by metro (c) The periodic payments were~ to lump sum. (d) Her virtues-- ----for her faults. . Which of the following be the most appropriate title for the passage (a)A tomorrow like no other (b) Tomorrow never comes (c) After all, tomorrow is another day (d) Tomorrow starts today . The reason for reduction in football is malls and traditional storeshasbeendueto . The phrase “huge disrupted consequences” used in the passage refers to (a) cause disorder (b)are very favourable 33 X- English(care very organized (d)are harmless 10.What does the author mean when says, “not every will go back to what it was” (a)everything will be the same (b)somethings will remain the same (c) everything will change (d) nothing will change . Choose the option that correctly states the two meanings of the word “remote” as used in the passage (i) possible (ii) distant (iii)close (iv) far-off (a)i,iv (b)ii,iv (c)iii (a)i,ii 12.The message conveyed in the last paragraph of the passage is - work culture after pandemic COVID-19 will be (a)only office-based (b)a mixture of work from home and in office (c) work only from home (d)no work at all 34 X- EnglishFactual Passage Passage-1 (Para-1) Superfoods are basically the nutrient-rich foods which grow naturally in the same land you put up in they are-rich in micro-nutrients, every part of them can be used to serve different purposes adding up to diversity in your diet. The superfoods are extremely beneficial for your health and well-being. (Para-2) The humble Indian gooseberry is the original superfood and it's time to accord it the recognition it deserves. The translucent green fruit has eight times more vitamin C than an orange, twice the antioxidant power of acai berry and around 17 times that of a pomegranate. Amla can help fight the common cold, burn fat, improve eyesight, build immunity and manage chronic conditions and relieve pain. As an antioxidant Amila, protects the body by fighting against free radicals. (Para-3) About 3/4 cup of curd contains 100-150 calories and provides your body with 20 percent of the daily calcium it needs. Eaten regularly, it can boost immunity, improve digestion and cardiovascular health, strengthen bone, and teeth, help you lose weight and beat stress. (Para-4) This carb-burning grain - jau or barley is a boon because it actually helps in burning fat as well! Once known as the “poor man's wheat’, it is now popular due to 35 X- Englishits hunger-fighting and cholesterol-lowering potential. The carbohydrates in jau have a low glycemic index, meaning they raise the blood sugar level more slowly as, compared to other foods. it also contains iron, calcium, proteins and vitamin E. Jau can be eaten as cereal, rotis or any other preparation or consumed in the form of barley water. (Para-5) Turmeric is an everyday spice in Indian households. This Indian superfood is used in nearly all parts of India in various dishes. Turmeric has exceptional medicinal properties and anti inflammatory benefits. It also helps in proper functioning of the cardiovascular system, inhibits certain type of cancers and also helps in detoxification. (Para-6)Makhanas or lotus seeds are a popular snack which becomes more popular during fasts. Puffed up like cotton balls, lotus seed or makhana possess several health benefits. They are low in fat, high in protein, iron, magnesium and zinc. Makhanas are also believed to heal the stressed mind and help in curing insomnia. This superfood from India also contributes to improving urination and possesses anti- aging properties. Source of text: https://www/healthifyme.com/blog/7-indian-superfoods- that-should-be-a-part-of-your-diet/ https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/food/10-indian- superfoods-for-ahealthy-living One the basis of our understanding of the passage 36 X- Englishattempt ANY TEN question from the twelve that follow. (1x10=10) 1. Which is the most appropriate feature of a super-food? 2. What role do super foods play in our diet? 3. Which dairy product has been discussed as a common super-food in the passage? . What is gooseberry commonly known as? . Mention some benefits of turmeric. . Which grain is termed as the “poor man’s” wheat? NOEs “Puffed up like white cotton balls” is the visual description of which super-food? 8. Glycemic Index (Gl) is a number. It is a relative ranking of carbohydrate in foods which gives an idea about how fast your body converts the carbohydrates in the food into glucose. “To have a high Glycemic Index” means: (a) The less impact that food has on your blood sugar/ glucose level (b) That food will release glucose rapidly which raises the insulin level in the body (c) There would be no difference on the glucose level in the blood. (d) The food has no carbohydrates at all. 9. Wheat, Oats, Rice and Corn are examples of . 10.What role do Antioxidents play in our body? 11. Which word in Para 6 refers to “the sleep disorder” ? SSC Englisha) urination b) snack c) heal d) insomnia 12.In Para 3, through the phrase “Eaten regularly, it can boost immunity...”, the author DOES NOT mean: 13.a) It will strengthen the body's own natural defense/ healing mechanism. b) It will cause allergic reaction. ¢) It protects the body from infections and diseases. d) It protects the body from harmful substances, germs and cell changes that could make one ill. Passage-2 1. Read the passage given below. our COVID-19 (Coronavirus) has affected our day to day life and is slowing down the global economy. This pandemic has affected thousands of people. who are either sick or are being killed due to the spread of this disease. The most common symptoms of this viral infection are fever, cold, cough, bone pain and breathing problems, and ultimately leading to pneumonia. This, being a new viral disease affecting humans for the first time, vaccines are not yet available to all. Thus, the emphasis is on taking extensive precautions such as extensive hygiene protocol e.g., regularly washing of hands, avoidance of face-to- 38 X- Englishface interaction etc., social distancing, and wearing of masks, and so on. This virus is spreading exponentially region wise. Countries are banning gatherings of people to the spread and break the exponential curve. Many countries are locking their population and enforcing strict quarantine to control the spread of the havoc of this highly communicable disease. COV1D-19 has rapidly- affected our day-to-day life, businesses, disrupted the world trade and movements. Identification of the disease atan early stage is vital to control the spread of the virus because it very rapidly spreads from person to person. Most of the countries have slowed down their manufacturing of the products. The various industries and sectors are affected by the cause of this disease; these include the pharmaceuticals industry, solar power sector, tourism, Information and electronics industry. This virus creates significant knock-on effects on the daily life of citizens, as well as about the global economy. Presently the impacts of COVID-19 in daily life are extensive and have far reaching consequences. These can be divided into various categories: This COVID-19 has affected the sources of supply and affects the global economy. There are restrictions of travelling from one country to another country. During travelling, number of cases are identified positive when tested, especially when they are taking international visits: All governments health organisations and other authorities 39 X- Englishare continuously focussing on identifying the cases affected by the COVID-19. Healthcare professionals face a lot of difficulties in maintaining the quality of healthcare The spread of this Virus has seriously affected the students. They have not been able to attend regular classes. This has hampered their all-round development. Being confined to their houses they have not been able to play with their friends and interact with their peer group. Among the worst affected are the sportsmen who could not play. The virus has had its implications on the special children also On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer ANY TEN questions from the twelve that follow. (1 x 10=10) 1. How has Covid-19 affected mankind? 2. What are the most common symptoms of this virus? 3. The symptoms of this virus finally lead to 4. Which of the following words does not mean the same as exponentially. (a)Rapidly (b) Greatly (c) Quickly (d)Slowly 5. According to the passage it is important to check the spreadofthis virus because. : 6. Select the option that makes the correct use of ‘highly 40 X- Englishcommunicable, as used in the passage. (a)He talks a lot, he is highly communicable (b) Growing children need to be highly communicable with their parents. (c)The neighbours were shouting loudly, they were highly communicable (d) Measles is one of the highly communicable diseases. 7. The author attempts to (sensitize/scare) the readers through this write up. 8. What does teh author mean when he says the virus creates knock on effects? 9. The pandemic has proved to be the greatest challenge to. 10.Suggest an appropriate title for the passage. 11. Choose the option that states the meaning of the word ‘hampered’ (a) Delayed (b) Gift pack (c) Slow (d) Speed up 12.What is the message conveyed in the last paragraph of the passage? 41 X- English1. Passage-3 Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow Deleterious Effects of Drugs (1)"Cured yesterday of my disease, | died last night of my physician,” says Matthew Prior, a celebrated pharmacologist, while talking about the deleterious effects of drugs in his book. “The Remedy book Worse Than The Disease”. There is no dearth of patients dying of misguided treatment. (2)In this era of drugs we must familiarize ourselves with the term “latrogenic disease (physician caused ailment)". When a physician administers medicines without a complete understanding of the patient's condition, drugs play havoc. A person may become the victim of a worse disease or even lose his life (3)With Analgin, for instance, special precautions should be taken in case of pregnancy, bronchial asthma, renal and hepatitic dysfunctions and blood- related disorders. It has been banned in several countries, including the USA and Sweden, because of its unexpected and negative effects that lead one even to death through an anaphylactic shock. An anaphylactic shock is a process that leads to a severe fall in the blood pressure, bronchtconstriction, the swelling of blood and lymph vessels and sometimes death because of the loss of fluid in these vessels Anaphylaxis usually occurs suddenly, in minutes 42 X- Englishafter the administration of a drug. The well-known drug, penicillin, and many other drugs, may cause anaphylaxis (4) The term “side-effects” is a part of an ailing layman's vocabulary but adverse drug reactions are known only to a more aware and literate patient. (5)Ciprofloxacin, when given for an ear-infection, may cause vertigo Amoxycilin, while fighting a throat infection, may hurt the stomach. Similarly, while chemotherapy given for cancer may lead to indigestion and hair fall, steroids administered continuously may lead to obesity and diabetes. (6) Drugs are meant to eliminate disease. In the quest for avoiding the misery of sickness, man has invented medicines that may themselves cause diseases. The illness caused by a drug may be short-term or long- term. Side effects are short-term and predictable. The unpredictable and bizarre reactions are termed as adverse are reactions. A variety of drugs cure many ills but are also known to cause irregular heart beat and even sudden death. (7)Astrong sense of responsibility on the physician's part and an attitude of extreme caution on the patient's part can substantially help in covering at least some of the risks of medicines, if not all. There are many factors that help a doctor in his choice and use of the drug. The medical history of a patient, age, sex, 43 X- Englishpersonality environment and education contribute in deciding the course of treatment. The very old and the very young are likely to suffer as their bodies are less tolerant. Older children may sometimes be more tolerant than the adults. The elderly tend to respond better to standard drug dosage. But the lower Body size, slow blood flow to vital organs, decreasing metabolic capacity and tendency to multiple physical problems contribute to adverse reactions. Emily Jerry was two years old when she lost her life after a pharmacy technician filled her intravenous bag with more than 20 times the recommended dose of sodium chloride. Courtesy of Chris Jerry Adverse Drug bari ss sae Taare TSE] 106,000. sans [se stan | | Infection 88,000 108.800 ES = me arm | =a Malnutrition [28.00 | Nurses Coalition [11] 44 X- EnglishSurgery-Related Source: LE Magazine: US Death by Medicine Answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option: 1. An “latrogenic disease” is an ailment caused by, (a)infection in the hospital (b) overdose of anaesthetic (c) the wrong administration of drugs by a physician (d) self-medication and busing drugs over the counter 2. Anal and penicillin must be used carefully because, . (a) these may cause suffocation (b) they may create bruises (c) some patients complain of leg cramps (d) these may cause anaphylaxis 3. An adverse drug reaction is an illness caused by (a) secondary effects of a drug 45 X- English(b)a drug having unpredictable and strange effect ona patient (c) a drug having predictable and unpleasant disorders (d) the use of drugs taken after their date of expiry Man has invented drugs to eliminate. (a)diseases (b)side effects (c) death (d) casualties . Elderly people are prone to adverse drug reactions because they have (a)larger body size (b) multiple emotional problems (c) slow blood flow to vital organs (d) stagnant metabolic capacity . The word ‘dysfunction in para 4 means... (a) disorder of brain (b)indigestion (c) bad temper (d)not working properly . What is an adverse drug reaction? . Why are elderly people prone to adverse drug reaction? . _Fromtheabovegiventablethetotaldeathscausedbydrug reaction and medical errors are 46 X- English10.Based on the above table what would you infer? (a)It is now evident that the medical system is the leading cause of death (b) It is now evident that the American medical system is the leading cause of death and injury in the US (c)It is now evident that we all who misuse the prescriptions given by doctors are the leading cause of death. (d)US doctors are the leading cause of deaths. 11. Write anyone factors that help a doctor in his choice to use a drug? 12.Why has man invented medicines? Passage-4 In a population of more than 1.3 billion, the COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching consequences beyond the spread of the disease itself and efforts to quarantine it, including political, cultural and social complications. To contain the spread of the novel Corona virus SARSCOV-2 (COVID-19) outback, the longest national lockdown in the democratic world was initiated in March 2020. One of the consequences of lockdown measures in the country has led to an unprecedented migration of workers and families from large urban centres to rural India. For decades, millions of workers have migrated from their rural homes and villages to urban cities, looking for opportunities and livelihoods. Migrant labourers in india from rural areas work 47 X- Englishas domestic help, at construction sites, factories, industries, agriculture etc, for better employment, better wages and better standard of living. The sudden enforcement of the lockdown immediately disadvantaged the already vulnerable population, as it restricts people stepping out from their homes. As the factories and workplaces dosed down, millions of migrant workers had to deal with the loss of income, food shortage and an uncertain and an uncertain future with no money, no job Unsure of when the lockdown would finally end, the migrant workers had no other option than to return back to their villages. Table 1 How did you return from the city to the villages Mode of travelling Response in% Walking/Bicycle/Rickshaw/Thela 25.3 Any motorised transport 517 Walking plus a vehicle 68 Other 6.2 No response 10.0 One in four migrants either walked, cycled or travelled back to their villages in hand-pulled rickshaws A survey was conducted based on face-to-face interviews with 963 migrants in rural households between May 30 and July 11, 2020 across 179 districts list the % share of different responses given by migrants to a set of question 48 X- EnglishTable 2 Why did you deem iffit to return from the city to the villages Response Response in% No money/salary 28.9 Fear of COVID-19 35.6 Hunger/Fear of dying of hunger 77 Wanted to be with family back home 75 Work has stopped/Lost job 5.3 lam a student-no money 3.0 No response 12.0 Table 3 Would you like to go to the city? Yes 32.6 No. 27.5 Maybe. 15.6 Yes, but some other city 8.6 No response 15.7 The extraordinary migrant crisis due to COVID-19 is unparalleled since the Indo-Pakistan partition of 1948 Similar to the fallout from the partition, this current crisis will leave a lasting legacy on the future of India. 1. According to the survey, what is the most common reason for migrants to return to their villages? 2. What was the first preventative measure taken to contain COVID-19? 3. In the given survey. what percent of the migrants gave no response when asked about their mode of travelling back to their villages. 49 X- Englishpercent of the migrants are not sure of returning back to the city after the pandemic or lockdown ends. . In the line, “pandemic has had far-reaching consequences...”, the word ‘far-reaching corresponds to which of the following (a) limited (b) widespread (c) unimportant (a) wide . Based on your understanding of the passage, choose the option that lists the reason for people to migrate to cities (i) Anumber of work/job opportunities (ii) Big homes to live in (iii)Good means of transport (iv) Better salaries (v) Good standard of living (a)ii, iv, v (b)i,v (c)i, iii, ii (d)i, iv, v . As per the given data, one out of every four migrants were the ones who (a) walked and used a vehicle (b) walked, cycled and used hand-pulled rickshaws. ‘50 X- English(c)only walked (d)used a motorized vehicle 8. Choose the option that is not TRUE according to the passage (a) The migrants coming to cities is mostly labour class. (b) Better wages in cities attract the migrants. (c) These are no restrictions for people to step out during lockdown. (d) Lockdown rendered the migrants jobless. 9. According to the survey conducted based on interview with migrants (a) Almost 50% of them returned to the villages because of COVID-19 (b)Less the 30% returned to villages because of no money or salary. (c) Only 12% returned to villages because they had lost their jobs. (d) Almost 20% gave no response. 10.The word ‘quarantine’ used in the passage does not correspond to (a)detention (b) separation (c) union (d)isolation 11.The writer uses the words “unprecedented- and 51 X- English“extraordinary” forthe migration of _ workers. These words correspond to which of the following (1)common place (2) exceptional (3)unusual (4)normal (a)i &iv (b)ii & iti (c)iii & iv (d) ii &iv 12.Which of the following statements best sums up the passage? (a)The people should not leave their villages and migrate to cities. (b) The outbreak of pandemic COVID-19 has taught us to acknowledge the migrant (c) The migrants should have stayed in the city they were working in (d)The migrants should have looked for other jobs in the cities 52 X- EnglishSection B: Writing Skills and Grammar Format of Formal Letter Sender's Address 26th May, 2022 Receiver’s Address/Designation/Address SUB: (Only a phrase) Salutation Introduction 1-2 lines Paral Content 6-7 lines, Para Il Body of Letter . Complimentary close 1-2 lines_Para Ill Subscription-Yours (truly/sincerely) Sign (NAME IN BLOCK LETTERS) Designation ENCL... (If any) 53 X- EnglishWriting Letter to Editor (5 Marks) IL Q. 3 Imp ortant points to remember. Para1 - Deals with introduction of the problem in brief. Para2 - Discuss the problem in detail, listing, the reason for factors responsible and consequences Para3 - Should have some feasible solutions, suggestion to sort out the problem Closing - Editor may be requested to publish your letter. Line Remember: The editor is not your problem solver. So he/ she should not be asked to take some immediate measures or necessary actions to solve the problem. Some possible opening sentences: 1. 1am a resident of | am writing this letter to express my views on. 2. Through the columns of your esteemed and widely read newspaper, | would like to draw the attention of the concerned authorities and the general public to an important issue which, . 3. lamaregular reader of your newspaper. | read an article on your newspaper. | strongly feel that 54 X- EnglishPossible concluding sentences are: 1. | request you to publish this letter with some relevant photographs to spread awareness among the readers. 2. | hope some more articles and reports on this issue would be published so that the concerned authorities would take some immediate measures to rectify the problem 3. | hope that you will publish my letter and help initiate a public debate on this issue. Letters to Editor (For Practice) a) Letters related to Social Issues- 1. Social networking sites have become the latest fad for school going children. The craze has a very bad impact on the youngsters. Considering its gravity you want to express your concern. Write a letter to the Editor of Hindustan Times in 100-120. You are Nitin/Nutan of H.No, 123/8, S.N. 15, Sant Nagar Delhi-110084 2. Some senior citizens in your neighbourhood are very badly neglected and humiliated by their own sons and daughters-in-law. Such incidents have touched your heart. You want to show your concern through a letter to the Editor of any national daily of Delhi You are Harsha of D2, B Block, Pitam Pura, Delhi. Recently you read a piece of news in the newspaper stating that if a person tums his old parents out of the house, he may land himself in jail. There is no provision 55 X- Englishfor appealing for punishment, Write a letter to the Editor of a national daily expressing your views on it, You are Sania/Sandeep living at D-43, Vishal Enclave, Delhi. 3. A special weakly supplement on Health and Hygiene has recently been launched by the daily newspaper that you get at home. The articles in that supplement to all age groups of people. Everyone finds it very beneficial. Write a letter to the Editor of that newspaper thanking him/her for it and also congratulating him/her on its success. Sign yourself as Radhika/Raman living at 6-D Kedar Apartments, Rohini, Sector-9, Delhi 4. Write a letter to the Editor of Sacchi Khaber, Tulika Bazaar Delhi, about the on-going summer camps being organised in all govt. schools by the Directorate of Education. Write about the activities they are doing and how they will help the students in developing their overall personality. You are Shivam of 34, Gulmohar Road, Alaknanda Estate, Delhi. b) Civic Related Issues— 1. You are Rajat/Raphi of S-S Palam Enclave, Delhi-96. All the campaigns and cleanliness drive appear in vain to you because wherever you tum, you find heaps of garbage, overflowing chocked gutters, filthy roads, etc. For this you want to draw the attention of the general public and concerned authorities by writing a letter to the Editor of Navyug Times, Palam Road, Pitampura, 56 X- EnglishYou are Amit/Amrita of 88, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 you have seen that liquor ban in some states has brought positive impact on society, You want that other states should also impose ban on alchohol. This has prompted you to write a letter to the Editor of The Hindu Chennai TN. in 100-120 works. . There has been a spurt in the cases of violence due to parking space in the residential colonies. Every now and then you see people in your neighbourhool quarrelling over occupying parking space. This has actually become a serious problem. Write a letter to the Editor of a national daily sharing your views on this issue. You are Purva/Parth staying at SU-181, Pitam Pura, Delhi. You may include the hints given below— —increase in the number of cars —parking cars on roads in front of houses —no parking space for house owners —brawls & quarrels —manhandling —ill-feelings among people. . You are Anushka/Aniket staying at B-16 Kalindi Apartments Sector- 9, Dwarka. There are no street lights on the main road leading to this society. The road gets very dark after seven in the evening resulting in the possibility of some accident or mishap. Write a letter to the editor of a national daily directing the attention of the concerned authorities towards it. 37 X- English4, You are Khushi/Tanishk staying at 3/16 Ramesh Nagar, You are disturbed to see that a beautiful park in your area has been converted into a dumping ground by the builders of the construction sites. The labourers throw all the debris in that park. With the result children are not able to play and people cannot take morning or evening walk. Despite several complaints to the authorities by RWA (Residents Welfare Association), no action has been taken so far As a resposible citizen write a letter to the editor of The Times of India, Delhi, showing your concern and divert the attention of the concerned authorities towards it. 5. You are upset to see that the main road of your locality has been flooded with roadside shops resulting in traffic jams. Write a letter to the editor of a national daily expressing your concern over this issue, You are Neha/ Namit living at 21/37, Uttam Nagar, Delhi. I. Formal Letter (Making a Complaint) Points to Remember + Describe your problem and the outcome you want. * Include key details, such as when you purchased the goods or services and when the problem occurred + Identify what action you've already taken to fix the problem and what you will do if you and the seller cannot resolve the problem + Ask for a response within a reasonable time 58 X- English+ Attach a copy of any supporting relevant documentation such as a receipt or invoice. Types of Letter of Complaint « Incomplete or defective order + Delay in sending the consignment + The goods arrive in a damaged condition + The goods are not what were ordered Quantity of goods is not what was ordered * Goods are delivered at the wrong place + Service is unsatisfactory + Misbehavior of staff or salesman + Mistake by the accounts section in preparing the invoice * Defective packing that might lead to the damage of goods in transit . + Mistakes in a bill or reminders for payment after the bill has been paid + To authorities for inconvenience/poor maintenance etc. Rash driving of DTC drivers « Problem of stray Animals on Roads 59 X- EnglishLetter of Complaint (About Product/Service) Your Address City, State, Zip Code Date Designation of contact Person Company Name Address City, State, Zip Code Dear (Contact Person or Organization Name): ‘Sub: Be specific Sir, On (date), 1 (bought, leased, rented, or had repaired) a (name of the product, with serial or model number or service performed) at (location, date and other important details of the transaction). Unfortunately, your product (or service) has not performed well (or the service was inadequate) because (state the problem). | am disappointed because (explain the problem: for example, the product does not work properly, the service was not performed correctly, was billed the 60 X- Englishwrong amount, something was not disclosed clearly or was, misrepresented, etc.). To resolve the problem, | would appreciate your (state the specific action you want-money back, charge card credit, repair, exchange, etc.) Enclosed are copies of my records (include receipts, guarantees, warranties, canceled checks, contracts, model and serial numbers, and any other documents) Yours Sincerely (Your name) Enclosures:- Last month you bought a 5G mobile phone with a year long guarantee. Unfortunately, the set has developed a snag and is no longer working. Write a letter to the Customer Care Manager of the manufacturer complaining against the defective set and asking. for a replacement. Quote the cash memo number, model and set serial number, and date of purchase. Invent other necessary details. You are Amit Chauhan, resident of 52, Rose Apartments, Rohini, Delhi 110085. 52 Rose Apartments Rohini Delhi 110085 March 10, 2022 61 ‘X- EnglishCustomer Care Manager Electronics India Dear Sir Subject: Defective 5G Mobile On February 5, 2022 I bought a Samsung 56 mobile phone from your Showroom vide voucher number A-1510 Unfortunately, the phone has not performed well because it is defective. | am disappointed because the display screen of the set has crashed and your product has dozed off into a permanent switch off mode. To resolve the problem, | would appreciate if your company would pick up the set, for free, and correct the defects if possible or replace the set as per the terms of purchase. Enclosed herewith are the details of my cash memo, item code and warranty details. Looking forward to your reply and a resolution to my problem and | will wait till two weeks before seeking help from a consumer protection agency. Please contact me at the above address. Yours sincerely Amit Chauhan Enclosure:- Cash Memo 62 X- EnglishLetters for Practice . You had placed an online order for a pair of blue denim jeans with M/S David Jeans Co., Plot no-1134, Midc industrial park, Bandra Mumbai but have neither received the jeans nor any acknowledgment of the order. Write a letter of complaint to the Customer Care Manager of the company complaining about the non delivery of the jeans. Seek a refund of the money paid if the company is unable to deliver the order in 5 working days. Give necessary details of the order (colour, style and size of jeans, item code number, price and proof of the credit card payment you made for it). You are Ms, Shalley Jain HOD English Cambridge School, Pune. You had placed an order with National Electronics, Dadar Mumbai, for recording equipment for the English lab. When the parcel was received, she observed that only six recorders were sent instead of 10 and three of them don’t work. Write a letter of complaint. You are Deepika of Dwarka Delhi. You have bought Samsung Washing Machine from M.S. Electronics India, Lake area Dwarka. After installation it washed well for 2 monthes but suddenly the spin dry system of the machine stopped working properly. Write a letter to Electronics India giving them the guarantee card number and other details regarding your complaint, asking them to attend to it/replace it. 63 X- English. Due to poor maintenance of existing system of water supply the common people of your city have been hit hard. Write a letter to the Municipal commissioner of your city for a permanent solution to this problem. You are Asutosh/Ashima resident of 7/23 Kunal Apartments Delhi. . Rahul of Bareilly has purchased a Frost free Godrej refrigerator of 265 litres from Lifestyle. Civil Lines, Bareilly after month of purchase the freezing section of the refrigerator has stopped functioning. Write a letter to the sales manager of the firm complaining about it and requesting for the piece to be replaced since there is a two year warranty. . Write a letter to the Commissioner chennai Municipal Corporation, complaining about the poor sanitary conditions and mosquito menace in your locality. Numbers . Write a letter to the police commissioner traffic about the inadequate parking facilities in the commercial street area of Bangalore, which is causing a lot of inconvenience to the people. You may also offer your suggestions for solving it. You are Rakesh / Radhika, number 12, Jayanagar, Bangalore. The other day you went to the district courts in your city to get a residence certificate made but the staff of the Suvidha centre handling the work not only misbehaved, 64 X- Englishwith you but also refused to accept your application while those of others were being entertained. Now write a letter to the Sub Divisional Magistrate of the Ares, complaining against the staff of the Suvidha Centre for deficient service. Ill. Making an Inquiry/Enquiry Aletter of Inquiry is a Formal Letter written for the purpose of making an Inquiry about an event, a product, a service, a business opportunity or a possibility (e.g. of admission to an institution or participation in a programme). Points to Remember + Follow the format of a Formal Letter * Introduce yourself + State your purpose + Show interest in the services/products/organisation you are writing + toWhile writing the body, adopt a formal, straight forward but polite tone. » You can enquire about - prices, availability of products or servicer, details of an events, packages available, placement possibilities, discount etc. Conclude by seeking an early and detailed reply to your inquiry. 65 X- EnglishSOLVED EXAMPLE: You are Mamta/Manish of class X living at 141, Hilton Apartments, Del course in computer Hardware. Write a letter seeking you are interested in pursuing a information about the same. This is in response to an advertisement you have read in the newspaper. Ans. 141, Hilton Apartments Delhi Date: Ocean Institute for Computer Technology Delhi Sub: Inquiry about computer Hardware course Sir This is in response to your advertisement inserted in the Hindustan Times Dated about the courses offered by your Institute. lam interested in pursuing course in computer hardware Please send me the information as per the following heads: 1. Duration of the course Admission procedure Criteria for eligibility . Fee structure and mode of payment . Placement opportunities . Timings for classes OaARON 66 X- EnglishKindly send me the information at your earliest convenience and oblige. Looking forward to hear from you soon Thank you Yours truly Manish Questions for Practice 1. Anew Literary club is due to open near your residence. You are keen to join it. Write a letter to the President of the club to inquire about how you can sign up for membership. 2. On behalf of the Gymnastic club of your school. Write a letter of inquiry to the manufacturing/supplying company to inquire if they will be able to supply 200 sets of costumes in one month time. 3. The science club in your District is organising a science Exhibition. You are Adit, the President of the science club in your school. Your team wants to participate in model making and Quiz competition. Write a letter of Inquiry to find out about the information, rules etc. 4. Aposter making competition has been organised in your city. Write a letter to the organisers making enquiries about the same. Invent all necessary details. 67 ‘X- EnglishIV. Placing an Order How to write a Letter Placing Orders Depending on the order you are going to place, the content needs to comply with them Paragraph 1: Start the letter with what you have learnt about the company and its product. Paragraph 2: Draw a table and include ‘order number’, ‘Item name’, Item quantity, other specifications Paragraph 3: Refer to how, when, where you would like the delivery to be made. Close the letter with the (how you) hope the delivery will be made etc. Some Possible Opening Sentence + This is with reference to the inquiry letter dated.... regarding the purchase of. .. This is a follow up of our communication on (date) and on date regarding + The letter of (date). + In our conversation last week... + Further to our conversation on telephone yesterday....... + [refer to your letter of (Date) in which you... 68 X- EnglishTable for the order No Item Qty Size wlolrm}= Some Possibe Closing Sentence + We have already made 50% of the payment at the S.B.1 today at 12.20 p.m. + Hope to receive the order delivered on or before (date) of third month. + Kindly refer to the agreement on post delivery services such as clearance and stocking * Please find enclosed/attached. —Receipt of the bank payment. —Copy of your prochuri’s table of content page, etc. * This is how the letter of placing order ends. So do not forget to write the sender's address, date, receiver's address, subject and salutation before paragraph and “yours truly’and the name of the sender at the end. Solved Example: a) Question: You are Preeti Sharma, librarian of Army Public School. Delhi. You have been asked to place an order for some books for the school library. Write a letter to the sales Manager, light House, Main Road. Noida, placing SSC Englishan order for the books that you need. Army Public School Delhi 20 May 2022 The Sales Manager Light House Main Road Noida. Subject: Placing an order for books Sir, This is with the reference to your quotation dated 18th April 2022. We are pleased to inform you that our management has decided to place an order with your firm. We need books for our school library. We shall not settle for less than 20% discount on the purchase of the books. Besides, we hope to get another 5% special discount that is usually granted to the institutional buyers. The list of the books with their particulars is attached here with. Ss. Book’s Name/Author’s Name Quantity No. 1_|Macbeth William Shakespeare 4 2 |The Suitable Boy | Vikram Seth 4 3_| Pride Jane Austen Prejudice 4 4_|Wings of Fire 4 5 _|History of Modern, | Sumit Sarkar India 70 X- EnglishThe payment will be made by cheque on receipt of the goods. Kindly ensure that the order reaches us with in a week. Thanking you Yours truly Preeti Shrma Librarian Solved Example: b) 1. Write a letter to M/s Laxmi Stationery Mart, chawri Bazar, Delhi asking them to send their rates and terms of supply of stationary items. You are RK. Mittal, Office superintendent, Delhi Public School, Delhi. Delhi Public School, Delhi 2 June 2022 The Manager M/s Laxmi Stationary Mart Charwri Bazar Delhi Sir Subject: Inviting rates and Terms of Supply This is to bring to your notice that on behalf of Delhi Public School we would like to place a bulk order for the supply 71 ‘X- Englishstationary items for our school office and the administrative block for the session 2022-23. We have selected a few leading stationers for the purpose of supply of these items. We have included your prestigious firm in the list, keeping in view the good will it enjoys in the stationery market. Kindly quote your consideration We need the following items with their brands and number of items required. S.No. | Particulars Brand Number 1 Pencils HB Natraj 20 Dozens 2 Pencils HH Natraj 30 Dozens 3 Type Paper Star 20 Reams 4 Cyclostyling Paper_[Star 20 Reams 5 Computer Paper Star 40 Reams 6 Carbon Ribbons Kores 40 Packets 7 Carbon Paper Kores 20 Packets Let us remind you once again that maximum discounts and the suitable terms of supply will be expected. Please let us know whether it will be possible for you to supply us the above items before 20th June. Kindly let us know the maximum time which you will require to supply us these items. Yours sincerely, Signature R.K. Mittal Office Superintendent, 72 X- EnglishLetter for Practice Write a letter to Steel House, Noida, placing order for steel utensils for your home science lab. You are incharge of home science lab of DAV., Public School, Yamuna Vihar, New Delhi, You are Shivani/Shivam. You are Rajiv of 15, Tank Road, New Delhi, Write a letter to M.S. Delhi Funiture Store, Rajouri Garden, New Delhi, placing an order for school furniture You are Nitish/Nikita, head boy/girl of Tagore Public School, Jaipur. Wrile a letter to New star sport company, Kalkaji, New Delhi asking him to send popular sports material for your games and sports department . You are in change of junior science laboratory of ABC Public School, Saket Vihar, New Delhi. Place an order to SUV Laboratory Works, Karol Bagh for variours apparatus/equipments used in your laboratory . You are Amil/Anita from Janakpuri, Delhi Write a letter to Nitin book Depot, Ramesh Nagar Delhi requesting home delivery textbooks and stationary items which you had order telephonically. Share the reason for not being able to collect the goods in person. Confirm you address details and a convenient time slot. 73 X- EnglishANALYTICAL PARAGRAPH An analytical paragraph is a form of descriptive writing which is written on the basis of a given chart, graph, data, outline, clues, table, etc. When writing an analytical paragraph, one should remember to describe the facts in the best possible manner and to cover the information provided. The analytical paragraph has to be written in around 100-120 words. So the paragraph must use clear and crisp language along with providing complete details of the chart given in the question. Features of an Analytical Paragraph writing + Itdescribes the given chart, table, data, graph, cues etc. + It should be brief and comprehensive (include complete information) at the same time + Itshould state facts that are provided by the chart. « It is necessary to make use of simple and accurate language. + It should mention figures and quantities appropriately. + It is appropriate to use the same Tense throughout the Analytical Paragraph. + Nopersonal observation or response should be provided + It would be preferable to use the passive form of the verb. 74 X- EnglishFORMAT An analytical paragraph shall be divided into three parts Introduction + Body * Conclusion Introduction 1. The introduction is the first paragraph that should describe in brief what the graph is about. It should be like an opening paragraph what the graph is about. It should be like an opening paragraph that introduces the reader to the given chart. When writing the introductory paragraph, do not go into the details. Do mention what is clearly evident from the chart or the graph given in the question. It is best to write the introduction in one or two lines. 2. Body of the paragraph This part of the analytical paragraph should contain details of the graph/chart given in the question. It should contain all the important information (1)The body can be broken into two or three sub- paragraphs which makes it easy for the reader to understand (2) Organizing information: Mention the aspect which is the smallest or the largest in the data given. Any aspects that are similar should be mentioned next. You should further mention about the aspect that has 75 X- Englishremained unchanged or constant throughout. (3) Comparing information « lf there is any contrast or comparison that could be drawn, present it effectively. + If the chart is about a particular time period or highlights trends of several years, mention each year in a concise manner. (1)i. Mentioning quantities: When including numbers and figures, their accuracy must be ensured. There, mention each year in a concise manner. (2)Connecting sentences: if different information or ideas are there, (3)Use connectors or linking phrases to link them logically. 4. The Conclusion (e)The last paragraph should summarise the idea mentioned and the information in general. It should be concluding in nature and act as the closing statement. Useful tips for writing an Analytical Paragraph (1) For an introduction, you can start with the following phrases The cart given above describes © The table suggests © The line graph shows 76 X- English® The data given provides information about e The pie chart illustrates, etc. 2. For describing trends, use phrases and words like (1)leveled off, (2)stagnated, (3)flocculate (4) starting to sure, (5) starting to fall (6)drop down, (7) slightly, etc 3. For describing quantities, use various styles like © 48% of, © one-third of, © nearly one-fourth of, ® almost 80% © majority, © onaverage, ® twice as much, © almost equal, © the lightest, e the lowest, © very close to 2% © songfully © approximately 5% of, 77 X- English‘® just under three percent etc . For establishing a relationship or contrast, use phrases and words like. © relationship between, © similaryl, e in contrast with, © in comparison to, but in the opposite case, © however, © whereas, * where it comes to, ® as oppsed to e white, © striking difference, * moticable difference, etc, . For the conclusion and other connecting phrases use (a) Overall, (b) subsequently, (c)in all, (d)in a nutshell, (e)for the chart given, (f) in short, (g)striking changes, (h) including, (i) therefore etc.. 78 X- EnglishSOLVED QUESTION : Question 1: Below is a graph given showing brith and death rates rates in a country from 1901 to 2101. Write an analytical paragraph (100-150 words). 80 7 60 50 40 30 20 10 ° 1901 1921 19411961 1981-2002, 20212081 Answer 1: The graph shows birth and death rates starting from 1901 till 2101, Since 1901., the birth rate has remained more than the death rate until 2041. Birth rate was 20000 in 1901 and started increasing gradually. It peaked in 1961 to around 65000. From 1961, birth rate has fluctuated multiple times between 50000 and 60000. It is expected to decline for the coming years reaching approximately 42000 by 2101 79 ‘X— EnglishOn the other hand, the death rate stood at around 10000 in 1901 and then has increased steadity. It is expected to risk strikingly from 2021 before levelling off to approximately 60000 between 2061 and 2081. The graph indicates a slight decline in death in the year 2101. The graph shows the huge gap between birth rate and death during 1961 to 2001. However, this gap is expected to reduce in the death rate will be more than the birth rate in the later half of the 21st century. QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE: 1. The pie-chart below displays data about the reasons people have started to travel to their workplace by bicycle or by car. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Reasons for cycling to work 80 ‘X- English2. These are the results of an Ipsos survey conducted from April 9” to 12”, 2020 on the Global Advisor online platform among 28,000 adults aged 18-74 in Canada and the United States and 16-74 in Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, Italy, India, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Vietnam and the United Kingdom. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT FACE MASKS? 3. Wether you use Google, Bing, Yahoo or any other tool to find information on the Web, you are using a search engine. Frankly speaking, most people prefer google over any other search engine. The data depicted below has been collected in 2019. Summanse the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. 23388 @ -coope asx @ -0: Mane @ - eo! 08st @ -t0 Outs @ - Yd 020% @ -110vI00 om @ row 00% @ A oom @ -a <00m @ -Ongte ame @ -orer 81 ‘X— English4. The pie-chart below displays data about the factors which make people happy. The data has been collected from people of two age brackets: under 30 years of age and above 30 years of age. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. What makes people most happy? "What makes people most happy? =4 people over 30 82 ‘X- EnglishGRAMMAR Grammar GAP FILLING 1. Choose the correct options to fill in the blanks to complete the note about the inauguration ceremony of the first president of South Africa (Solved) The ceremonies (i) in the lovely sandstone amphitheater formed by the Union Buildings in Pretoria. For decades this (ii).. .. of white supermacy, and now (iii ... of arainbow gathering of different colour and nations (ezt for the installation of South Africa's first democratic, non-racial government. (a) Took place (b) Take place (c) Is being taken place (d) Was taking place (a)is the seat (b) Had been the seat (c) Has been the seat (d)Was the seat iii (a)It was the site (b)It has the site (c) It had the site Answers: 83 ‘X- English(a)took place (b) had been the seat (c) it was the site. Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks to complete the note about the tsunami Atsunamiis a very large and powerful wave (i) by earthquakes under the sea. On 26 December 2004, a tsunamis (ii). Thailand and parts of India such as the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Tamil Nadu coast. The tsunami and its aftermath (ii) responsibe for immense destruction and of the Indian Ocean loss. (iv) (a)caused (b) Caused (c) Cause (d) is being caused (a)hit (b) Is being hit (c) Was being hit (d) Was hit (a)was (b)is (c) were (d)has 84 X- English{a)in the rim b)on the rim (c) at the rim (d) over the rim 3. Choose the correct options to fill in the blank to complete the note about traditional of India. (d) Over the last one year, there (i)............. a significant rise in the number of people following our customs and traditions all over the world. The Namaste followed by a number of people. It populars as it also help (iv)............ . social distance. (i) (a)has been (b)has being (c) has to be (d)is being (ii) (a)was being (b)is being (c)has to be (d)is not being (iii) (a)is to become (b)has become 85 X- English(c)had become (iv) (a)in maintain (b)in not maintaining (c)in maintaining (d)has maintaing 4. Fasting an integral of Hindu Culture. Fasts (i).......... to represent sincerity and resolve. A fast (ii).............0M any day of the week on a festival one’s gratitude towards God. It (ii)....... ...that by doing so you (iv)... basic need food body (i) .. of (a)is away (b)may be way (c)are a way (d)are in no way (ii) (a)is observed (b)will be observed (c) may be observed (d) Being observed (iii) (a)is believed (b)is to be believed (c)is being believed (d)had been believed 86 X- English(a) are depriving (b) have been depriving (c) had been depriving (d)is deprived 5. Family is of huge importance in society. Often two or even three generations (i)... roof. This (ii) how much importance family life has for people in our country. The elderly (iii) sharing their knowledge and experience with the younger generation. All the members in a joint family (iv). support and love in each other (i) (a)are lived (b)live ....together under one (c)is living (d)are live (ii) (a) show (b) shows (c)is showing (d)showed (iii) (a)are respected for (b)is respected for 87, X- English(c)has respected for (d) being respected (iv) (a)find (b) found (c) are finding (d) have been finding 6. Wanda (1). best designer as she had sketched a hundred dresses, all beautiful and different. But she could not come to school (i) the medal. Her father wrote a letter to miss Mason that Wanda would not come to school as they (iii) to anew city. (i) (a)has been adjudged (b) was adjudged 3 (c) will be adjudged (d) had to be adjudged (ii) (a)to be received (b) for receive (c) receive (d)to receive (iii) (a)are moving (b) were moving 88 X- English(€) was moving (d) Moving 7. A Baker from Goa is a pen portrait of a traditional Goan Wale baker who (i)............+ place in his society. The narrator is travelling through the memory lane (ii) eeeeeeceed the loaves of bread a baker (iii) morning (i) (a)still have an important (b)has still an important (c)still has an important (d) still had an important (ii) (a)to think about (b)is thinking about (c) for thinking about (d) thinking about (iii) (a)delivers (b) was delivered (c) delivered (d)was delivered 8. While planning for work We (isos. on time management. We must (ii).. in planning, we (ii)... . If we are not careful 89 X- English(a)can concentrate (b) will concentrate (c) should concentrate (d) may concentrate (ii) (a)planned it carefully (b) planning it carefully (c) plan it carefully (d)be planning it carefully (iii) a) will likely to fail b)are likely to fail (c) can likely to fail (d) were likely to fail 9. The shoeflower which (i). ..plants called hibiscus is considered to be a holy flower as it is offered to many Gods. There (ii)..... in India but it is (iii)........... Goddess Durga to whom a special variety, the bright red China Rose is offered. (i) (a) belongs to hibiscus group of (b) belonging to the group of (c) belongs to a group of (d)has belonged to a group of 3 (ii) (a) were 200 varieties of this flower ( ( ( ( ‘90 X- English(b)is a variety of 200 flowers (c) are 200 varieties of this flower (d)have been 200 varieties (iii) (a)achief association of (b) chiefly associated with (c) having chief association with (d) Associated chiefly by NARRATION Transformation of Sentences 1. Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks to complete the conversation between John and a confectioner. (Solved) John: | want to order a cake for my birthday. Confectioner: When is your birthday? John: It is tomorrow Confections: You can collect it by noon. John told a confectioner(1)..... . abig pineapple cake for his birthday. The confectioner asked him (2) John replied it was the following day. The confectioner told him (iii)... Answers (1)that he wanted to order (2)when his bithday was (3) that he could collect it by noon 2. Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks to complete the conversation between Amit and his mother .. by noon. ot ‘X- EnglishMother: Why are you late from school, Amit? Amit: While coming from school to bus stop, | slipped by stepping on a banana peel. Mother Oh my son! Did you hurt yourself? Amit got a bad bruise on my knee. Mother asked Amit (i)...........+ Amit replied that while coming from school bus stop (ii).............peel. Mother was shocked to hear this. She further asked (iii)..... Amit answered that (iv).... . Read the following conversations and report what was said by completing the following passages using ONE of the options given below. MOHAN: | am going to Delhi tomorrow. SOHAN: When will you return? MOHAN: Next week. SOHAN: Please bring a pair of jeans for me. MOHAN: What colour and size do you want? SOHAN: My waist is 32 inches and | would like a Royal blue . Mohan told Sohan that (a). Sohan asked him (b)... .. Mohan replied that he (c)......0..... Sohan then requested Mohan to bring him a pair of jeans. Mohan asked Sohan (qd)... .Sohan told him that his waist was 32 and he would like a Royal blue. AMIT: When I grow up | will to go to Harvard 92 X- EnglishRAHUL: You will have to study very hard AMIT: My Dad will support me and | will eam while | learn. Rahul: That is good. Two friends Amit and Rahul were going home after school. Taking a bite of his chocolate Amit said that when (a) he would go to harvard. Rahul was impressed to hear this and said that he (b). really really hard. Amit replied that (c). add that (A). he studied there. 6. VARUN: How is your headache? ANU: It has not improved. | am worried about it. VARUN: Oh! You must go and consult a good doctor. ANU: | will fix an appointment soon. Varun asked Anu how (a).... To this Anu replied that it (b) Varun exclaimed that (c). Anu said that (d)... EDITING The following passage is not edited. There is an error in each line against which a blank is given. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet against the correct blank number as given in the example. Do not copy the passage. Incorrect | Correct 93 X- English1) Tens of thousands of bats emerge from under the bridge. It were a amazing sight. | learnt a few fact about these creatures. The baby bat is known as pup. All mother bat delivers only one pup. e.g emerge emerged 2) An one eyed man was travellingn a bus one day, He were carrying a huge bag on him shoulder. Someone sit next to him said,” Why don't you keep your bag under the seat? The man smile and said, “It is too big to be kept there.” egan Adena b), Cen d). 3) Thanks to a current interest in fitness and health that people are taking. In each locality we find this days some health centres and clubs is springing up and they are do well in there new venture. But they are not within easy reach of all. egan a). b), On d). ‘Answer (a) were, was (b)a, any (c) fact, facts (d)all, each 94 X- EnglishError Correction 4)The evil of begging is very common into our society. There can be no place which you won't find a beggar. Some beggars are quite health. They are able- bodied and are strong much to earn their living. But they are idlers and want to living without work eg into a). b). o)... d).. 5) Neha: | wished to know about the tour Programme your company offers: Also kindly let me knows the amount what | have to pay. Also let me know if there was any discount e.g wished a). b). °). d).. wish 6) Incorrect Correct | met her by chance then I went to getting some medicine which sister Anne use to give | start loving just her presence 7)Sachin Tendulkar is a best cricketer in India. He play for more than 10 years for a country. He take retirement from the game last year. ega a). b). c). d). 95 X- EnglishLITERATURE CH-1: FIRST FLIGHT A LETTER TO GOD Key Points: « ALetter to God is a story of extreme faith in God. The writer G.L Fuentes tried to depict the faith a poor and dedicated farmer. * Lencho is an honest and hardworking farmer. He is shocked to notice that his crop is ruined, he turns to God for getting some help and hopes decent harvest. + He writes a letter to God, posts the letter, An employee of the post office chanced to see the addressed to God, he makes fun of the letter * The postmaster took the letter seriously and decided to answer the letter. He collected money from his employees to give in charity to the needy farmer + He was able to collect only seventy pesos and thought that the farmer would be pleased to receive the money, but to his disappointment, he was shocked to notice that made Lencho angry + Lencho writes another letter to God but with a message not to send the money by post. For him the employees of post office were bunch of crooks’ who had stolen thirty pesos from the money sent by God 96 X- English1. Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow. RTC Passage-1 The following Sunday Lencho came a bit earlier than usual to ask if there was a letter for him. It was the postman himself who handed the letter to him while the postmaster, experiencing the contentment of a man who has performed a good deed, looked on from his office. Lencho showed not the slightest surprise on seeing the money; such was his confidence-but he became angry when he counted the money. God could not have made a mistake, nor could he have denied Lencho what he had requested. i. The reason for Lencho coming earlier that day was (a)He wanted to ask if there was a letter for him. (b) He was upset and couldnot sleep the whole night, (c) He was an early riser. (d)He had to catch the first bus. ii. The postman handed him the letter himself as (a) It contained the money. (b) It was a secret letter. (c) The letter was empty. (d) There were too many people in the post office. . Why was the post master happy and content?Why didi Lencho get angry? 97 X- Englishiv. Which word does “deny” NOT correspond to (a) Reject (b) Agree (c) Refuse (d) Disallow SOLUTIONS (1)A (2)A (3)he had performed a good deed (4) because he got less money Passage-2 One of the employees who was a postman and also helped at the post office, went to his boss laughing heartily and showed him the letter to God. Never in his career as a postman had he known that address. The Postmaster- a fat, amiable fellow- also broke out laughing, but almost immediately he turned serious and tapping the letter on his desk, commented, “What faith II wish | had the faith of the man who wrote this letter. Starting up a correspondence with God!” 1. Choose the option that lists the set of statements that are NOT TRUE according to the given extract. (a) The postman laughed heartily. (b) The postman hid the letter in his pocket. (c) The postman was familiar with the address on the envelop 98 X- English(d) The postman turned serious immediately. (e) The postman was the boss. (f) The postman was joked about the writers faith in God. (g) The postman was amazed to see that someone was trying to start a correspondence with God. OPTION i. (a)b,c,e (b)e.f.g (c)ace (dad ii. Which word does ‘amiable’ not correspond to? (a) friendly (b) sweet (c) kind (d) overweight . The address on the envelope was not known as (a)the name of the colony was wrong (b) the name of the block was wrong (c) the letter was addressed to God (d) there was no address on the envelope. iv. Choose the characteristic displayed by the person who had written the letter. (a) dedication 99 X- English(b) faith (c) organized (d) authoritative v. What was the wish of the postmaster? (a)He wanted a raise in his salary. (b) He wanted to write a letter to God (c) He wished to have faith just like Lencho. (d) He wanted to collect the required money. vi. Who received the letter? Why did he laugh? vii. Why did the postmaster bcome serious? Passage-3 When he finished, he went to the window to buy a stamp which he licked and then affixed to the envelop with a blow of his fist. The moment the letter fell into the mailbox the postmaster went to open it, it said: “God” of the money that | asked for, only seventy pesos reached me, send me the rest, since | need it very much. But don't send it through the mail because the post office employees are a bunch of crooks-Lencho. 1. Pick the correct option that correctly classifies fact/s (F) and opinions/s (0) of students A, B, C, D (a)I think the postman had a good intention. (b)I feel that Lencho was irght in asking help (c) Let's not forget that the storm had destroyed Lencho's crop 100 ‘X- English(d)Oh, come on! The postman did ask the other to contribute for Lenco His faith he believed should not be shaken (1)F-1, 2 and 0-3, 4 (2)F-2, 3, 4. and 0-1 (3)F-2, 4 and 0-1,3 (4)F-3, 4 and 0-1,2 2. When the writer calls the post office empolyees “crooks” he is feeling. (a)angry (b) short tempered (c) excited (d) expectant 3. Which word does ‘crooks’ NOT correspond to? (a)A cheat (b)A dishonest person (c)A thief (d) An enemy. 4. Why did Lencho ask God not to send money by post? Short Answer Questions (40-50 words) (3 Mark) 1. What was the effect of hailstorm on Lencho’s field? Ans. The hailstorm completely damaged the field. The crop was totally destroyed. There was not even a single leaf on the plants 101 ‘X- English2. What was Lencho’s feeling when the hail stopped? What did he worry about? 3. How did Lencho comfort his family? 4. How did the post office employees react on seeing the letter? How did it change? 5. What idea did the post master come up with? 6. Why did the post master need to answer the letter? 7. What was Lencho’'s immediate reaction after reading the letter? 8. Why did the postmaster sign at the end of the letter as ‘God"? Long Answer type questions 100-120 words) for (6 marks) 1. What were the contents of the letter Lencho wrote to God? What does it show about him? 2. Describe Lencho as a hard working farmer with faith in God, 3. Describe Lencho’s farm after the one four of the hailstorm? Answer 1. Lencho wrote a letter to God in desperation. He felt hopeless after the hailstorm ruined rained his crop. Lencho had inmense faith in God he was confident that God would help him. He wrote a letter and mentioned his plight. He asked God to send him 100 pesos so that he would live till the next year and also he would be able to sow the next crop. Lencho was a man of faith. He was a believer. 102 ‘X- EnglishCH-2: NELSON MANDELA: LONG WALK TO FREEDOM Key Points: * Nelson Mandela, the first black President of South Africa, fought for the freedom of his people + He was discriminated against by the Whites along with other Black people + He was an enthusiastic young boy who considered staying away from his home to be free. + He wanted to marry the person of his choice, gradually he realized that freedom is more meaningful. + He decided to bring freedom for his own people. On 10th May 1994 he was able to materialize his dreams long cherished by the black people who sacrificed their lives to give dignity to their coming generations. + He gives two contradictory pictures of his country, one, in which the black people were tortured and had to suffer quietly, second when the blacks will be free to live a life of their own. NELSON MANDELA LONG WALK TO FREEDOM Passage 1 1. Read the extracts given below and attempt the questions that follow: The ceremonies took place in the lovely sandstone amphitheatre formed by the Union Buildings in Pretoria. 103 X= EnglishFor decades this had been the seat of white supremacy, and now itwas the site of a rainbow gathering of different colours and nations for the installation of South Africa's first democratic, non-racial government. On that lovely autumn day | was accompanied by my daughter Zenani. On the podium, Mr de Klerk was first sworn in as second deputy president. Then Thabo Mbeki was sworn in as first deputy president When it was my turn, | pledged to obey and uphold the Constitution and to devote myself to the wellbeing of the Republic and its people. To the assembled guests and the watching world. Where did the ceremonies take place? 2. Which ceremony is being referred to here? 3. What pledge did Nelson Mandela take? (a) To uphold the constitution (b) To devote himself to the wellbeing of the people (c) To eliminate racism (d) All of the above . Which political party did Nelson Mandela belong to? (a)ANC (b) BBC (c) CBC (d) None of these 104 ‘X- English5. The phrase ‘rainbow gathering means (a)All races, nations, politicians (b) People wearing different shades (c) Audience with coloured flags (d) The rain had caused a rainbow Answers 1. The ceremonies took place in the lovely sandstone amphitheatre. 2. Installation of the non-racial government is being referred to here. 3. d.All of the above a. ANC 5. a. Allraces, nations, politicians s Passage 2 We, who were outlaws not so long ago, have today been given the rare privilege to be host to the nations of the world on our own soil, We thank all of our distinguished international guests for having come to take possession with the people of our country of whatis, after all, a common victory for justice, for peace, for human dignity. We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation We pledge ourselves to liberate all our people from the continuing bondage of poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender and other discrimination. 1. Who does ‘We' refer in the first line of the passage? 105 X= English2. What is the privilege that has been explained in the passage? 3. The guests at the spectacular ceremony are being called distinguished because (a) they have been invited as guests to attend it. (b) they are eminent world leaders witnessing it (c) they are visiting the country for this purpose (d)they have resumed diplomatic relations with the country. 4. It is a victory for ‘human dignity Pick the option that lists the correct answer for what ‘human dignity’ would include. (a)i) equality ii) liberty iii) indecency (b)i) liberty ii) indecency ii) self-respect (c)i) immorality ii) self-respect iii) equality (d)i) liberty (ji) equality iii) self-respect 5. The word ‘bondage’ means in the passage. Passage 3 But the decades of oppression and brutality had another, unintended, effect, and that was that it produced the Oliver Tambos, the Walter Sisulus, the Chief Luthulis, the Yusuf Dadoos, the Bram Fischers, the Robert Sobukwes of our time-men of such extraordinary courage, wisdom and generosity that their like may never be known again. Perhaps it requires such depths of oppression to create 106 ‘X- EnglishSuch heights of character. My country is rich in the minerals and gems that lie beneath its soil, but have always known that its greatest wealth is its people, finer and truer than the purest diamonds. It is from these comrades in the struggle that learned the meaning of courage. Time and again, | have seen men and women risk and give their lives for an idea. | have seen men stand up to attacks and torture without breaking, showing a strength and resilience that defies the imagination. | leamed that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear 1. Who does ‘these comrades’ refer to here? 2. What defies the imagination? 3. When Nelson Mandela says, “| have seen men and women risk and give their lives for an idea”, he means that they are (a) stubborn (b) committed (c) intelligent (d) proud 4. The speaker uses the phrase ‘time and again’ when he talks about how his countrymen risked their lives Which of the following is NOT the correct meaning of this phrase? (a) Something that happens every time. 107 ‘X- English(b) Something that happens often. (c)As a routine (d)Something that happens from time to time 5. Select the suitable word from the extract to complete the following: Depths: night :: compassion: —. Passage 4 It was almost impossible for a man of my birth and colour to fulfill both of those obligations. In South Africa, a man of colour who attempted to live as a human being was punished and isolated. In South Africa, a man who tried to fulfill his duty to his people was inevitably ripped from his family and his home and was forced to live a life apart, a twilight existence of secrecy and rebellion. | did not in the beginning choose to place my people above my family, but in attempting to serve my people, | found that | was prevented from fulfilling my obligations as a son, a brother, a father and a husband. 1. Why was it impossible for a coloured man to fulfill his obligations? 2. What is required to fulfill these obligations? 3. When the writer says he could not fulfill both of these obligations, he means that (a) He could not look after his family and his countrymen at the same time. 108 ‘X- English