What is a Town?
• A compactly settled area usually larger than a village but
smaller than a city.
• Town planning is the process of managing land resources.
• It involves the control of existing and new developments, as
well as strategy preparation to ensure manage future
requirements.
• It is a dynamic process that changes in response to policy,
development proposals and local needs.
GROWTH OF TOWNS
STAGES IN GROWTH OF TOWNS- PATRICK
GEDDES
Town is classified into various categories according to
different stages of development.
•PRIMARY
Primary town is one which produces human neccessities such
as agriculture.
•SECONDARY
Secondary town is one which functions as centre of exchange
Sir Patrick Geddes was a Scottish
as marketing towns.
biologist, sociologist, geographer,
philanthropist and pioneering town
•TERTIARY planner. He is known for his
The tertiary town is one which provides residential innovative thinking in the fields of
urban planning and sociology.
,Educational and recreational facilities.
GROWTH OF TOWNS
STAGES IN GROWTH OF TOWNS- LEWIS
MUMFORD
Town is classified into six categories are as follows.
• Eopolis
Town grow as one single unit ,Its economy is based on
agriculture.
• Polis
Here town grows into a small urban unit of self contained
community
• Metropolis(Mother city)
Here the city grows to its full stature ,within high population
density and large potentialities.
All facilities like water supply ,drainage, electricity ,transport,
commerce and industries etc.
GROWTH OF TOWNS
STAGES IN GROWTH OF TOWNS-LEWIS MUMFORD
Tyrannopolis
• The city shows further decay in all the fields like trade ,commerce, military power.
Necropolis
The city is in the worst stage and unfit for dwelling .So it is the city of the dead where one finds disease
famine ,and economic breakdown
Methods of External Growth
With the passage of time, no towns for long remained in static condition.
The town behave like living creature and have their methods of growth on account
of new industries ,factories ,educational institutions ,aided by transport
facilities etc.
I .Growth according to Origin.
II.Growth according to direction.
Methods of External Growth
I .Growth according to Origin.
The growth of town according to origin is further divided in two types
a)Natural Growth and b)Planned Growth
Natural growth
a) Concentric spread
b) Satellite growth
c) Ribbon development
d) Scattered growth
Natural growth
a) Concentric spread
Town develops in the form of
concentric rings, with nucleus as
town, since the natural tendency
of people is to keep the centre,
nucleus or heart of the town as
near as possible.
Such a town suffers from
improper houses ,concentration
of the people in the heat of the
town,congestion of traffic and
accidents.
Natural growth
b) Satellite growth
The satellite growth implies dependency on the parent city but still possessing its own
identity.
When a town reaches a certain size satellite devolution must take place, to break the
suburban sprawl beyond that size.
Features
i)The satellite town depends the
parent city for higher Education,
Employment
ii)Independent in economic ,social
and cultural activities.
III)Pure residential unit with civic
amenities like small shopping
centres,dispensary ,primary or
nursery school
Natural growth
b) Satellite growth
iv)Here no industries are
permitted ,hence the people will
have to depend on parent city
for any workshop and
employment facilities
v)Its must be linked with parent
city by easy transport facilities
like buses ,local trains etc.
Its size and development should be controlled and not allowed to grow
more than its parent city.Otherwise it would grow to become a rival to
the parent city and would createn the same problems of control in
future.
Natural growth
c) Ribbon Development
• The development is in the form of a ribbon or line ,a single row of houses along with bus stops ,bus
routes, railway lines, rail way stations.
• In the beginning this growth is very small along the roadside but soon it occupies whole of the area.it
happens in newly developing towns where rules and zoning regulations have not been strictly
enforced.
• Overcrowding of all types of buildings such as schools ,factories, petrol pump etc.This type of
development is more dangerous from traffic point of view.
Natural growth
c) Ribbon Development
• Everybody wants to take advantage of the frontage of the main road .the interior is
therefore left undeveloped ,causing wastage of valuable land.
• Overcrowding on the roadside ,streets become narrow and give rise to accidents.
• All type of buildings creep in ,at the frontage ,such as schools ,factories ,bus stops
,petrol pump ,theatres etc.with no regard to zoning regulations .All these affect
health conditions of the residents.
• The town spreads far and wide which is costly to maintain.
• Future improvements become very costly. Ribbon development is the inverse of
planning and is not desirable.
Natural growth
d) Scattered Growth
• Here the town shows erratic growth ,scattered here and therein a very irregular
way, without any order. It results into traffic congestion ,slums and lack of open
spaces.
Planned growth
The town develops on pre determined line as prepared by the town planner.
The development is in orderly fashion
a) Selection of site for the town: considering physical features like Good
surroundings, climatic conditions ,contours of the area,streams,lake,fertile
land.
• Drainage, sewage disposal
• Water sources,electric power,means of communication,transport.
b)Features embodied in the plan.
• Areas for residence,public,commerce and industry based on zoning.
• Water suppy drainage,electricity,telephone,gas services
• Public amenities like post offices ,police station,petrol pumps,fire stations
etc
• Educational institutions
• Recreational amenities-parks,gardens ,play ground,stadium
• Good network of road
• Provision of future expansion
Planned growth
The important points to be considered in the planning of modern town are as
follows.
• 1.Public Utility services should be liberally provided
• Efficient and speedy communication arrangement to be made.
• Plenty of open spaces
• Industry should be properly located on the leeward side of the town
Residence area should be planned in peaceful surroundings taking full
advantage of the natural features.
Public buildings should be properly located to impress visitors
I .Growth according to Direction.
a)Horizontal Growth and b) Vertical Growth
Horizontal Growth
• The city can grow horizontally in all direction ,to accommodate the growing
population.Horizontal growth is economical where the land is cheap.
Advantages of horizontal growth
• Building has only one storey ,the wall could be made thinner and this results in
savings in masonry and foundation.
• Does not require high technical person.
• Roof ventilation and roof lighting
• No need of lift
• Density of population is low.
• Space surrounding building can be used for garden
Horizontal Growth –Disadvanges
• Requires more land.
• Its uneconomical where the land is costly
Vertical Growth
The advantages of vertical growth
• There is a lot of saving in land so it is economical to use
multi storeyed building where the land cost is high.
• Leaves plenty open saces like gardens ,play grounds etc.
• Economy in the construction cost.
• Sense of group living.
Vertical Growth –Disadvanges
• Getting up and down in case of lift failure.
• In case of fire ,the occupants staying in upper
floors find its difficult to escape.
• In case of earth quake liabilities will be more.
• Density of population is very high
