Pre-Driving Orientation For to cases where the child to be transported

Motorcycles (DL Code A) requires immediate medical attention.

I. Pertinent Laws and Regulations in

Riding a Motorcycle Installation of Auxiliary Headlamps or
LEDs
● Only one passenger is allowed
on a motorcycle ● Must have its own electrical wirings
● The rider and the passenger and switches separate from the
are required to wear standard original headlight switch.
protective helmet ● Must be pointing on the ground but
● No person is allowed to sit in not pointing on the left of the vehicle
front of the driver and not light more than 10 meters
forward.
Top Box - a motorcycle accessory, are subject ● Must be white or yellow in color only.
for inspection and must be securely attached ● Must not be affected by any vibration
to the motorcycle with a maximum capacity of from any source.
two full faced helmets ● Must not be used in broad daylight or
well-lighted streets or when meeting
Custom-Made Top Box - for fast food another vehicle from the opposite
deliveries and the likes, must not exceed 2ft x direction.
2ft x 2ft and must not impede or obstruct the ● Must not exceed 6 bulbs for each
view of the rider from the side mirrors. It must auxiliary lamp.
be registered with LTO with a penalty of ● Must not exceed the handle bar of
P5,000 if violated. motorcycle.
● Must not be used as replacement to
Saddle Box or Bag - located on the rear side the headlamp.
of a motorcycle, must not be higher than the
seat of the motorcycle, must not exceed the tail Common Types of Motorcycles as to its
end of the motorcycle. Custom-Made Operation
Saddle must be registered with LTO with a
penalty of P5,000 if violated. Scooter - Full Automatic Clutch
Underbone - Semi or Full Automatic Clutch
RA 10666 Children’s Safety on Backbone - Manual Clutch
Motorcycle Act of 2015 - Back riders of
below 18 years are not allowed where Essential Components of Motorcycle
● 60 kph or higher speed limit
● With heavy volume of vehicles Handle Bar - Scooter: Full Automatic
● High density of fast moving vehicles

Provided that the following conditions are

met:
● The child passenger feet can
comfortably reach the standard foot
peg of the motorcycle.
● The child can reach around the grasp
the waist of the motorcycle rider, and
the child is wearing a standard
protective helmet.

Section 5. Exception
Notwithstanding the prohibition provided in
the preceding section, this Act shall not apply
Handle Bar - Underbone: Semi Brake Pedal - Semi Automatic and Full
Automatic Clutch Manual Clutch

Right Foot - Brake Pedal

Two types of brakes:

● Disc Brake - Usually at the front wheel
● Drum brake - Usually at the back
wheel

Clutch Pedal - Semi Automatic and Full

Manual Clutch
Handle Bar - Underbone/Backbone:
Manual Clutch Left Foot - Clutch Pedal

Drivers

● Chain
● Belt
● Propeller

Stands
● Side Stand
● Center Stand

Common Dashboard Instruments Maintenance

● Front Fork
● Rear Suspension
● Drive Chain
● Rear and Front Brakes
● Rubber Damper
● Sprockets
● Brake, Gas, and Clutch Cables

Starting a Motorcycle
Common Switches 1. Mount with Side Stand
2. Ignition on, ignition off, Handle Bar
Lock
3. A. Neutral Indicator (Green in color)
B. Choke
4. Kick Start/Starter Switch

Moving
1. Disengaged Side Stand
Engine Choke Lever 2. Check side mirrors
● Main function is to start a cold engine ● Automatic - pihitin ang
by enriching the mixture of air-fuel accelerator grip slowly until
intake. the motorcycle moves
● Return to original position upon ● Semi-automatic - Ipreno
reaching proper engine temperature gamit ang front brake lever
● Do not move with choke ON. then shift to first gear slowly
press on the accelerator grip
while letting go of the brake
 ● Manual - Pigain ang clutch, ● Know the Proper Hand Signals and
shift to first gear, slowly pihit use it religiously.
the accelerator grip while
letting go of the clutch. Overtaking or Changing Lanes
● Signal your intention
Proper Shifting ● Make sure that you have enough
power and speed when trying to
overtake
● Avoid eye-to-eye contact while
overtaking
● Do not force the issue. Give way if in
doubt
● Follow the rules on Overtaking and
Changing Lane under RA 4136.

Braking
Common violations when Overtaking and
Changing Lane resulting to Road Crash

● Failing to signal intention

● Disregarding pavement markings that
divides the direction of traffic
(Counter Flow)
● Habitual and reckless changing of
Keep in Mind lanes
● Follow the Special Laws (RA 10054, ● Overtaking on the right of a vehicle
RA 10666, RA 11235) even if it is not clear
● Use the Proper and Authorized ● Overtaking at an intersection
Helmet only ● Overtaking while turning
● Use Safety Gadgets (Gloves, Jackets, ● Disregarding traffic signs and signals.
Driving Shoes, Driving Pants)
● Do not Modify the motorcycle against Safety Tips while Driving
the regulations (Lights, Body,
Mufflers) ● Never follow or guide an emergency
● Follow the Top Box and Saddle Bags vehicle
Regulations ● Never play with the handle bar
● Motorcycle Headlight should be ● Never play with the brakes or signal
switched on either during daytime or lights
nighttime ● Never rev up at a STOP line
● Always use the Proper Hand Signals ● Never stare at anyone, concentrate on
● Only One passenger for Motorcycle the road
● Follow the rules on RIGHT OF WAY
Safety Checks under RA 4136.
● Regularly Check for Brake Adjustment
● Check all Cables (Brake, Clutch, and Bad Habits
Throttle) ● Failing to follow yellow box rules
● Check for any Leaks on engine oil and ● Disregarding intersection rules when
brake fluid two or more vehicles arrived at the
● Adjust the Side Mirrors before moving same time.
off and not while moving ● Not yielding to emergency vehicles
● Avoid Downhill Parking (firetrucks, ambulance, police cars)
● Use appropriate Safety Gadgets ● Tail gaiting emergency vehicles
● Use Center Stand whenever possible ● Disregarding pedestrian crossing
 ● Failing to stop at an intersection with 3. Interior
a STOP sign 4. Other Safety Features
● Ignoring traffic signals or not waiting
for actual GREEN traffic light B, B1, B2 Essential Components - Exterior
● Speeding or Drag racing Lights
● Headlamps
Safe Parking ● Rear Signal Light
● Avoid parking downhill ● Front Signal Light
● Never leave a motorcycle while the ● Brake Light
engine is running ● Hazard Warning Light
● At night, consider parking at ● Reverse Light
well-lighted places
● Follow the parking rules of RA 4136 Exterior:
● Left and Right side mirrors
Common Parking Violations ● Front and Rear Wipers
● In front of a private garage of drive ● Fuel Tank Cap
way ● Windshield
● At the sidewalk ● Plate Lights
● Within six meters of intersection ● Car doors
● Within four meters of fire hydrant ● Engine hood
● In front of hospital/emergency gate ● Luggage Compartment Hood
● In a no parking zone
● In a zone not intended for Under Chassis
motorcycles.
● Car Tires
Loading/Unloading Passenger or Cargo ● Engine and Transmission
● Linkages and Joints
Loading ● Muffler and Silencer
● Ideally, the weight of the rider must ● Rear Axle and Differential
not be less than ⅓ of the motorcycle
and additional load. Tires
● Make sure that the load is properly
secured
● Advise the passenger to follow the
driver’s body at all times.
● Advise the passenger to hold tight
while the motorcycle is moving
● Advise the passenger not to remove
the feet from foot pegs except when
dismounting.

Unloading or Dismounting Not millimetres but percentage

● Passenger first.
● Avoid unloading passengers on a
downhill.

Pre-Driving Orientation and Motor

Vehicle Basic Parts, Functions, and
Operations

Essential Components of Motor Vehicle

1. Exterior
2. Under chassis
 Tire Expiration Date Tachometer - States the Revolutions per
minute of the engine.
If it gets higher, it is a sign to shift to a higher
gear, and if it gets lower, it is a sign to shift to a
lower gear.

Speedometer - Tells how fast your car is

running

Usually, tires are safest to use within five years Odometer - Tells how far your car is
from the date of manufacture.
Fuel Gauge - How much gas is left
What happens when the tires age or expire?
Battery Voltage Gauge - Tells if there is enough
charge in your battery

Oil Pressure Gauge - Tells if there is enough oil

pressure in your engine

Coolant Temperature Gauge - Tells the

temperature of your engine

In newer cars. Battery Voltage, Oil Pressure,

and Coolant temperature are replaced with
Interior Components
warning lights.
● Ignition Switch
Warning Lights
● Steering Wheel
● Gear Selector Lever

+++
● Headlight Switch
● Child Lock
● Horn
● Power Window Lock
● Manual Window Lock (in some cars)
● Parking Brake Lever
● Hazard Switch
● Cabin Light Switch Means your handbrake is up. If it is still
showing even after putting the handbrake
down, it may mean that you are lacking in
Manual Transmission brake fluid or the car’s brake is failing.
● Clutch Pedal - left foot
● Brake Pedal
● Gas/Accelerator Pedal

Automatic Transmission - only use right foot

● Brake Pedal
● Gas/Accelerator Pedal

Dashboard Instruments

May mean that your air bag shut down or it is

failing.
 Shows when the car is overheating. Needs to
Door is not closed properly check coolant level, radiation fan, radiator’s
cover, or if there are any leaks in the coolant

Oil pressure is low, must check the oil level Kulang sa charge yung battery. The battery or
immediately. alternator may have a problem. Alternator
serves as the charger of the battery.

When the hazard lights of the car is open.

Shows when your Anti-lock Braking System is
failing.
Switches 34e
● Brake light shall be bright red

34i
● Red flag must be used for excess load
beyond one meter with a dimension of
not less than 30cms x 30cms. Red
light is required at night.

Walk around check - mirrors and glasses

Other Safety Features

Walk Around Check - Under Chassis

Walk Around

Safety Checks
● Light and Lamps - Burned out Bulb/s,
Damaged Lamps
● Mirror and Glasses
● Under Chassis
● Underneath
● Body

R.A. 4136 - Rules on the Use of Lamps and

Modifications

34c
● Two Headlamps - one from each Common Tire Problems
side with white or yellowish light.
Lighted at least 30 minutes after Advanced Toe-In
sunset until 30 minutes before sunrise
or whenever weather condition so
requires.
● No red lights shall be visible forward
of the vehicle
● Top Clearance Lamp shall not be
more than 10 cms.

34d
● Tail lamp shall be color red
● Plate lamp shall be color white
Advanced Toe-Out ● Phil Clean Air Act (RA 8749)
● Child Restraint Act (RA 11229)

Pre Start Routine for Light Vehicles

● Adjust the mirrors (rear and side view)

● Adjust the seat and head restraints
● Clear the windshield and windows of
distracted items
● Close and lock the doors
Walk Around Check - Under Chassis ● Wear the seatbelts
● Put the key in ignition
● Reach the accelerator and brake pedal
with your foot to check for comfortable
distance
● Start the vehicle

Start the vehicle

● Twist the key clockwise to start the
engine.
● Some engines may not start without
simultaneously pressing the brake or
clutch pedal.
● Do not “over start” the engine.
● If the engine is already running and
the key is still on the starting position,
the driver may hear grinding sound
which may damage the starter motor.
Walk Around Check - Underneath

Automatic Clutch
● If the vehicle is equipped with
automatic clutch, put the shifting lever
in either the “P” or “N” position
depending on the User’s Manual
● Automatic clutch have a device called
a neutral safety switch that prevents
the starter from engaging unless the
Walk Around Check - Body Scratches shift selector is in the “P” or “N”
positions (Park or Neutral). This
prevents the car from starting in gear.

Manual Clutch

● It is important to make sure that the

gear is in neutral position before
Related Laws Before Driving (B, B1, B2) starting the engine. If the gear is
engaged when starting the engine, the
● Traffic Rules and Regulations (RA vehicle may move unexpectedly then
4136) stall. This may damage the gear box.
● Anti-Distracted (RA 10913) ● The driver may check if the selector
● Anti-Drunk (RA 10586) lever is at NEUTRAL position when it
● Seatbelt Act (RA 8750) is moving freely.
 ● If the gear is engaged, press the clutch The higher the gear, the faster the vehicle
pedal and release the selector lever to
NEUTRAL.
Braking

Moving - Manual Clutch As much as possible, step on the brake

first.
● Fully press the clutch and brake pedals
● Shift the lever to 1st gear (avoid ● Stepping on the clutch first will
shifting to 2nd gear, especially when disengage the transmission and
going uphill) engine. In effect, the gear selector will
● Release the Parking Brake Lever be in neutral position. Then, the
● Slowly release the clutch pedal while vehicle will abruptly slide.
releasing the brake pedal. The driver
will feel a very slight vibration NEVER use the left foot for braking
indicating that engine and
transmission are already engaged. Avoid pressing two pedals at a time
● Take a quick look of the vehicle’s path.
Press the brake and clutch pedals if Steering
there is obstruction. - To control a vehicle’s direction of
● The vehicle will slowly move travel
● Gently press the gas pedal and
completely release the clutch.

Shifting Gear

Shifting gears depend primarily on the

following considerations:

Tracking - A method of steering that allows

● Speed
you to keep your vehicle on the intended path
● Engine RPM
of travel. Look toward the center of the lane
● Capability of the Vehicle
ahead and make slight movements with the
● Type of Road (Flat, Uphill, Downhill,
steering wheel.
etc.)
● Weather Condition
● Driving Skill

● Press the clutch pedal and completely

release the gas pedal.
● Shift to the desired and appropriate
gear.
● Gently release the clutch pedal while
smoothly pressing the gas pedal.

Normal Shifting Lever (Stick)

1 - First Gear
2 - Second Gear
3 - Third Gear
4 - Fourth Gear
5 - Fifth Gear
R - Reverse
 Reverse Parking

Steering Straight Backwards

Press the Brake and shift to Reverse

● Turn body to the right and look
backwards
● Put left hand on the top of the wheel.
12:00 position
● Release pressure from the brake while
Turning or Changing Lane
slowly releasing clutch pedal just
enough move the vehicle slowly.
● Turn the steering wheel towards the
T - Think (Decision-making needs to be quick
desired location
and precise)
● Keep foot over the brake at all times
L - Look (Be aware of your surroundings)
while checking traffic.
S - Signal (Signal your intention)
L - Look again (Double check your
Stopping and Parking
surroundings)
● Slowly take your right foot off the
accelerator pedal and transfer it to the
Overtaking - make sure that you have
brake, pushing the brake pedal gently.
enough power and speed when trying to
overtake ● Just before the car stops, push the
clutch pedal with your left foot
(manual car)
● Avoid eye-to-eye contact while
overtaking ● Bring the car to a smooth stop
● Safely return to original lane ● Put the car in neutral (manual) or park
(automatic), keeping your foot on the
● Do not force the issue. Give way if in
brake.
doubt
● Put the handbrake or park brake on,
Understeering and Oversteering release your foot from the brake and
turn the engine off.
Understeering - Happens when the driver
failed to steer enough Parking - Nose In

Oversteering - Happens when the driver steers

too much than the path of the vehicle

Remember that the vehicle will return back to

its original straight path whenever the driver
releases the grip.
Parallel Parking

● Pull up alongside the vehicle

● Rear bumper to rear bumper

Parking Uphill without Curb

● Turn wheel sharply to the right and
begin to back up. ● Pihitin ang gulong papunta sa gilid ng
● Aim car to the rear right corner of the kalsada (Para kung sakaling pumalya
parking space ang preno at umatras ang sasakyan.
Ito ay hindi gigitna sa kalsada

Parking Uphill (manual) - 1st gear

Parking Uphill (automatic) - Parking position
● When your steering wheel is even with
the front vehicle’s rear bumper,
Parking Downhill with or without curb
straighten out.
● Ipihit ang gulong papunta sa gilid ng
kalsada (para kung sakaling pumalya
ang preno, mapupunta sa gilid ang
sasakyan)
● Manual: Reverse gear (para hindi
dumire-diretso ang sasakyan)
● Keep looking behind you but make ● Automatic: Parking
repeated glances to make sure your
front bumper is clear. Reverse Parking
● Find a safe and unobstructed spot
Parking - Uphill and Downhill ● Ilagpas muna ang sasakyan sa parking
space.
Main Objective ● Put in mind the imaginary reference
● The vehicle will not move to the center point
of the road in case of parking brake or
gear malfunction

Parking Uphill with Curb

● Igilid ang sasakyan malapit sa
sidewalk.
● Slowly park the vehicle using the side
● Pihitin ang gulong papunta sa gitna ng
and rear mirrors
kalsada (Para kung sakaling pumalya
ang preno at umatras ang sasakyan,
ang gulong ay kakalso sa curb)
 ● Balance the distance each side of the
car for proper parking.

Loading and Unloading

● Load or Unload passengers or cargo at
a designated zone only.
● Check and double check all mirrors
before opening the door.
● Allow adult passengers to alight first.
● If it will cause obstruction or
inconvenience, press the Hazard
Warning Light.
● Avoid further communication after
unloading passengers.
● Be sure that doors are properly closed
after unloading passengers.
● Switch the turn signal and check the
mirrors before moving off.

Post Driving Routine

● Documents and Belongings Gadgets
● Passengers
● Switches and Controls
● Ignition Key
● Locks
● Walk Around Check