Department of Mechanical Engineering

Report for:

CNC Machines

Ahmed zain

:Under supervision

Dr: Mohammed Shehata

Eng: Muhammad Tariq
Page | 1 What is industrial automation?
The concept of industrial automation refers to the control of machines and processes
used in various industries by independent systems based on modern technologies,
such as robots and computer programs, in order to perform tasks that were done
manually in the past, increasing productivity, accuracy, flexibility, and reducing costs.
related to personnel, however, it has some negative impacts, including higher initial
costs and lower recruitment of workers

Industrial automation is often associated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution, also
known as Industry 4.0, which also includes the advancement of Industrial Internet of
Things (IIoT) technology, which, along with other industrial software and hardware,
aims to improve manufacturing processes through the use of It supports the Internet,
which makes it easier to connect them with each other and control them more
effectively.

Types of industrial automation

It mainly includes the following:

Fixed automation

Also referred to as hard automation, this type of automation is considered the least
flexible type and is often used to perform repetitive tasks using dedicated equipment
in order to improve production efficiency and execution rates. It is a good option for
consistent and stable production over time and is in high demand in the market.
Examples are Assembly lines in the automotive industry.

The most important characteristic of this type is the reduction of downtime or even its
elimination when there are a number of products that are manufactured on one
machine or one production line, where conversion processes are performed in
proportion to each product quickly and automatically, and the most prominent
example of this type is a machine (CNC).

Programmable automation

Through this type, the instructions of the automated system can be changed and
reprogrammed over time depending on the product being manufactured, which
provides greater flexibility in the manufacturing process, and examples of this type of
automation are industrial robots
Page | 2 Benefits of industrial automation

Many benefits include the following:

Cut costs

One of the most important advantages of industrial automation is the reduction of

manufacturing costs and wages. Instead of the need for a large number of workers,
only a few supervisors can be satisfied with the robots that will complete the tasks,
and the expenses will then include maintenance, repair, and energy supply
Artificial intelligence and data analysis techniques have also helped reduce
production costs by providing insights and information to make correct decisions in
the manufacturing process. It should be noted that the initial expenses will be
somewhat high, but after that the operating costs will decrease significantly, which will
be beneficial in the long run.

Productivity increase

Different factories can work 24 hours a day,

seven days a week without any problems
through industrial automation techniques,
[3] On the other hand, downtime and
problems in completing tasks can slow down
the production process

But by using industrial automation and monitoring devices, these problems can be
found and mitigated before production slows down, downtime and performance
problems are reduced or eliminated through data that provides predictive
maintenance, and production speeds are monitored so that adjustments are made
before any problems occur, making It greatly affects productivity and increases profits

Quality improvement

Industrial automation can produce an error rate of about 0.00001% during

manufacturing, which is much lower than that in the case of manually performing
tasks by factory workers, which can reach 1-1.15%, which ultimately leads to high
quality products. .[5]
Page | 3 Provide a safe work environment

One of the most important benefits of industrial automation is the significant

improvement of safety and security standards in the workplace, as the use of robots to
load and unload materials or transport large parts reduces the risk of accidents, and it
also works to prevent workers from getting too close to assembly lines, thus improving
public safety

CNC machines
CNC machines (Computer Numerical
Control) are among the most important
modern technologies in the field of
manufacturing and production, as they are
used to manufacture complex products
that require high precision and high quality.
They are widely used in various industries,
such as automobiles, aircraft, electronics, furniture, medical instruments, jewelry and
many other products.

CNC machines cut materials with high precision using rotating blades that move in
three axes (X, Y, Z), and control the movement and cutting using computer programs.
The process is to enter the design into a computer program dedicated to controlling
the machine, then the design is converted into a file that the machine can
understand, and then the file is loaded into the machine and run.

CNC machines allow products to be

manufactured in a more accurate, repeatable
and rapid manner compared to traditional
manufacturing methods. It also allows design
to be customized and products manufactured
individually, providing more possibilities and
creativity in the manufacturing process.

CNC machines can be used for many operations, such as drilling, milling, drilling, laser
drilling, water cutting, and many other operations. CNC machines are available in
various sizes, shapes, and types, and differ in their ability to control movement and
cutting according to different applications.
Page | 4 Mac can be used:
It is a technique used to manufacture
metals, wood, plastics, glass, gemstones,
and other materials. CNC-equipped
machines convert a given design into an
automatically executable program that the
machine uses to shape, cut, and drill
materials with high precision.

CNC technology represents a major development in the manufacturing industry and

has several advantages, including:

1- High accuracy: it allows the machine to implement the design with high accuracy
and without errors.

2- Execution speed: where the works are executed faster and more efficiently due to
the automatic control of the process.

3- Low production cost: CNC technology reduces production costs and increases
productivity.

4- Saving time and effort: the use of CNC technology does not require a skilled
operator to control the machine and carry out the operations manually.

CNC technology is used in many

applications, including the manufacture of
tools, molds, small and large parts, and
the manufacture of furniture, jewelry,
metals, and more. CNC machines are
available in different sizes and shapes to
suit different industry needs.
Page | 5 It can be said that CNC technology has revolutionized
the manufacturing industry, improving product
quality, increasing productivity, reducing costs, and
saving time and effort.

Steps to apply a product to CNC machines

The application process on CNC machines varies greatly according to the type of
machine and the required application. However, I can give some general tips for the
application process on CNC machines:

1- Prepare a CAD (Computer Aided

Design) or CAM (Computer Aided
Design and Manufacturing) file of
the part you want to machine.

2- Convert the design file into a

machine-readable program, such as
G-code.
Page | 6 3- Adjust the machine settings and download the program converted to G-code.

4- Adjusting the tools needed for the operation, such as cutting, drilling and drilling.

5- Starting the manufacturing process by operating the machine and monitoring the
process to ensure the safety of the work.

6- Clean the machine after completing

the process.

In general, the process of applying CNC

machines requires sufficient experience and knowledge of the programs used, tools,
and adjusting machine settings. Therefore, if you intend to work on a CNC machine, it
is important to get the necessary training and ensure that you have the necessary
skills to do the work correctly and safely.
Stamps can be applied to CNC machines in a variety of ways, depending on
the type of stamp and the material used. Here is one possible way:

1. Use of custom stamping tools: Custom stamping cutting tools, such

as drilling, milling, and reamer tools, can be used to create stamps on
various materials.
2. Laser engraving: Lasers can be used to engrave seals on various
materials, where the laser creates patterns on the outside of the material
to create the seal.
3. Ink printing: Inkjet printers can be used to create stamps. Special inks
are used for printing on the outside of the material to create the stamp.
4. 3D Printing: 3D printing printers can be used to create stamps. A
stamp is designed using 3D design software and then printed using
appropriate materials.

The operator must verify the compatibility of the material used for sealing
with the machine used and adhere to the security and health measures
necessary to apply the seal safely.
Page | 7 ➢ Generally, to apply stamps to CNC machines, the following steps can
be followed:

1- Stamp design: Engineering design software such as SolidWorks or AutoCAD can be

used to design stamps with appropriate dimensions.

2- Material selection: The appropriate sealing material should be selected according

to the type of use, temperature, pressure and other factors related to the
application.

3- Programming the machine: The machine must be programmed to carry out the
stamping process with the specified dimensions and shapes, and to determine the
speed of movement, the depth of cutting, and the type of tool used.

4- Preparing the machine: The machine must be set up correctly, such as identifying
the tool used and fixing the material to be cut.
5- Sealing: The machine is started to carry out the sealing process according to the
previous programming and the correct settings.

6- Quality Control: The seal is checked after completion to verify dimensions, quality
and conformity to the specified design.

➢ These are the basic steps for applying stamps to CNC machines. It is
important to observe the necessary precautions to avoid injury and
damage to the machines
In general, the basic steps for applying CAD/CAM software to CNC machines are as
follows:
1- Prepare the CAD file: The CAD file is created using a CAD design software such as
AutoCAD or SolidWorks. At this stage, the engineering information of the part to be
manufactured is determined, such as dimensions, distances, and angles.
2- Converting the CAD file to CAM software: After preparing the CAD file, it is
converted to a CAM file using CAM software such as MasterCAM or Fusion 360. At
this stage, the manufacturing plan is prepared and the operations that will be used to
manufacture the part are determined.
Page | 8 3- Upload the CAM file to the machine: After preparing the CAM file, it is uploaded to
the CNC machine using the machine's user interface.
4- Determination of materials and tools: In this stage, the materials that will be used
to manufacture the part are determined, as well as the tools that will be used to form
the materials.
5- Starting the machine: After everything is set up, the CNC machine can be started to
start the machining process. At this stage, the manufacturing process is monitored
and the necessary settings are set to ensure that the part is manufactured correctly.
6- Part inspection: After the end of the manufacturing process, the part is examined
to ensure that it complies with the required specifications, and any part that does not
meet the required specifications is rejected.
It should be noted that there are several other steps that can be added according to
specific needs and applications, and the above steps can also be modified.
Page | 9 ➢ References:
1. ‫ موقع ماكينات‬CNC ‫باللغة اإلنجليزية‬: https://www.cnccookbook.com/
2. ‫ موقع ماكينات‬CNC ‫باللغة العربية‬: https://www.cncarabia.com/
3. ‫ موقع هافر‬CNC ‫باللغة العربية‬: https://hafarcnc.com/
4. ‫ موقع هيدرو‬CNC ‫باللغة اإلنجليزية‬: https://hydro-cnc.com/
5. ‫ مصنعين لماكينات‬10 ‫ قائمة بأفضل‬CNC ‫في العالم‬: https://www.patreon.com/posts/10-
cnc-46831390
6. ‫ فيديو يشرح كيفية عمل ماكينات‬CNC ‫باللغة اإلنجليزية‬:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXeS6bSCT8k
7. ‫ مقال يشرح أساسيات برمجة ماكينات‬CNC ‫باللغة اإلنجليزية‬:
https://www.instructables.com/CNC-Programming-Basics/
8. ‫ مقال يشرح أهمية استخدام برامج‬CAD/CAM ‫ في عمل ماكينات‬CNC ‫باللغة اإلنجليزية‬:
https://www.autodesk.com/solutions/cam-software/what-is-cam-software