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ENGAGE
In the first phase of the learning cycle, the
teacher works to gain an understanding of the
students’ prior knowledge and identify any
knowledge gaps. It is also important to foster
an interest in the upcoming concepts so
students will be ready to learn. Teachers might
task students with asking opening questions or
writing down what they already know about
the topic. This is also when the concept is
introduced to students for the first time.
EXPLORE
During the exploration phase, students actively
explore the new concept through concrete
learning experiences. They might be asked to
go through the scientific method and
communicate with their peers to make
observations. This phase allows students to
learn in a hands-on way. EXPLAIN
This is a teacher-led phase that helps students
synthesize new knowledge and ask questions if
they need further clarification. For the Explain
phase to be effective, teachers should ask
students to share what they learned during the
Explore phase before introducing technical
information in a more direct manner, according
to “The 5E Instructional Model: A Learning
Cycle Approach for Inquiry-Based Science
Teaching.” This is also when teachers utilize
video, computer software, or other aides to
boost understanding.
ELABORATE
The elaboration phase of the 5E Model focuses
on giving students space to apply what they’ve
learned. This helps them to develop a deeper
understanding. Teachers may ask students to
create presentations or conduct additional
investigations to reinforce new skills. This
phase allows students to cement their
knowledge before evaluation. EVALUATE
The 5E Model allows for both formal and
informal assessment. During this phase,
teachers can observe their students and see
whether they have a complete grasp of the
core concepts. It is also helpful to note
whether students approach problems ina
different way based on what they learned.
Other helpful elements of the Evaluate phase
include self-assessment, peer-assessment,
writing assignments, and exams.
Application and Effectiveness
The 5E Model is most effective when students
are encountering new concepts for the very
first time because there is opportunity for a
complete learning cycle. According to co-
creator Rodger W. Bybee, the 5E Model is best
used in a unit of two to three weeks in which
each phase is the basis for one or more
distinct lessons. “Using the 5Es model as the
basis for a single lesson decreases the
effectiveness of the individual phases due to
shortening the time and opportunities for
challenging and restructuring of concepts and
abilities—for learning,” Bybee explains. And if
too much time is spent on each phase, the
structure isn’t as effective and students may
forget what they’ve learned.
