LA Copland
LA Copland
!"Write in your own words why you think this work is so successful.
2) Focusing on the beginning section, what are some elements that we discussed in
class that Copland uses to sustain the mood?
When finished check your answers from the Exercise Copland Answers pdf.
APPALACHIAN SPRING AARON
First Section COPLAND
1900-1990
Instrumentation:
Flute
Bb Clarinet
Bassoon
Piano
2 1st Violins
2 2nd Violins
2 Violas
2 Cellos
1 Double Bass
Appalachian Spring
3
¨ Appalachian Spring is a musical composition by Aaron Copland that premiered in 1944 and has achieved
widespread and enduring popularity as an orchestral suite. The music, scored for a thirteen-member
chamber orchestra, was created upon commission of the choreographer and dancer Martha Graham with
funds from the Coolidge Foundation.
¨ It premiered on Monday, October 30, 1944 at the Library of Congress in Washington D.C., with Martha
Graham dancing the lead role. The set was designed by the American sculptor Isamu Noguchi. Copland
was awarded the 1945 Pulitzer Prize for Music for his achievement.
Aaron Copland
4
¨ Aaron Copland (November 14, 1900 – December 2, 1990) was an American composer, composition
teacher, writer, and later a conductor of his own and other American music. Copland was referred to by his
peers and critics as "the Dean of American Composers".
¨ The open, slowly changing harmonies in much of his music are typical of what many people consider to be
the sound of American music, evoking the vast American landscape and pioneer spirit. He is best known
for the works he wrote in the 1930s and 1940s in a deliberately accessible style often referred to as
"populist" and which the composer labeled his "vernacular" style.
¨ Works in this vein include the ballets Appalachian Spring, Billy the Kid and Rodeo, his Fanfare for the
Common Man and Third Symphony. In addition to his ballets and orchestral works, he produced music in
many other genres, including chamber music, vocal works, opera and film scores.
“The Copland Sound”
5
6
5 10 A major Flute Strings and piano Quarter notes
Bowing
Blending of
Balance and
Families
Phrasing
Expression Harmony
Form
Markings
Main Melodic
Tessitura Texture
Sections Linking
Motives
To Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge
“White tone”
APPALACHIAN SPRING
(Ballet for Martha) AARON COPLAND
(1943-44)
z
Suite Original version for 13 Instruments Motive
Very slowly J=66
I'IJJ. fl solo
Flute 1st motive built of
9 Clarinet in B . l'lJJ. fl
solo-- __..--;;;. F:::::-.,.....,
triadic thirds
p semplice ("white tone')
'"""'
Bassoon
I'JJJ. fl
Portato bowing
Piano
:
l'lJJ. fl
Very slowly J 66 =
2 Violins I
Balance I'JJJ. II v
2 Violins II
["iJ
l'l fl
- I
-- -
;.,.
[!] Faster J=88
-
solo
mp
--r
.Jl.11 fl - -
articulations through =
Cl. ;:;--.,
inm --.:1
mf ,....-...__
tout the score Bsn. --,:: -
.i:_
mf
l'llLll
- : - --,
Pno. mp mp
-
<J - t--- Harmony
-
:::-==:::::-<>:::=::"":_________ - ----------- A major 7, 9 chord
l'l fl
div.
P,J: [!] Faster J 88 . P . . J -....- - - - - -
Vn.I
it! ("-; ("
p
l'l fl
=
div.
- p
-
Vn. II
it!
pp - p I
. r-- --
p -rr
.II. nL r:,;:_ .....-----: t-..J
Va. :--
I
PI
Vc. :
t--
r-
Cb. .ll. - =
©Copyright 1945, 1958 by The Aaron Copland Fund for Music, Inc. Copyright Renewed.
First publication original version© Copyright 1972 by The Aaron Copland Fund for Music, Inc.
Boosey & Hawkes, Inc. Sole Publisher.
All Rights Reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
APPALACHIAN SPRING
Doubling
2
moving forward
11
f'lll I! solo£ -&-
----...._ Unusual doubling of
Fl. ------ -------- flute below the
riff cant.
f'l
Cl. st
1 violins; note the
inm
1..... .p. ;::;
- different slurs
10 Bsn.
Pno.
-
moving forward
soloc
Vn.I
f'lll I!
Harmony
0!.1
pcant.
f'l I! v I P,,....--.1 j ,,..--.I ,.J
D and F# begin to be
Vn.II
div.
j, I I I
I
Va. " II
.0.. ,,..--.I j/ j used more
div.
Cb.
17
lm rit. a tempo
Fl.
II,. I! ___,-
CJ
--
1111 I! _,...--...__
Cl.
inm
mp
l11n
Bsn.
...
:
Pno.
:
Vn.I
solo
IIIII!
I ,,..--.I
lm rit.
-
,.J ,,..--.I
-
,,..--.I
a tempo
1 -1 - - n - - - . . _
------
Vn. II
div. I I
·r I I I I
------
Va.
div. 1--.- 1-
1--- 1---
-e- .J -a' t--.-9' 'EO'
Vc. : "'
div.
:
Cb.
APPALACHIAN SPRING 3
23
Texture
;; .a. -oQ. ---........
Cl.
flute repeats the
Bsn.
melody solo
11
Pno.
Vn.I
Vn. II
div.
Va.
div.
Vc.
div.
Cb.
Fl.
Cl.
AiL l!
Ill
fu l!
- f:
--- solo p.
-
Texture
Repeat of the
Ill
mP espress. I I
melody 8vb
-----
solo
l11n
Bsn.
mp espress.
Pno.
:
flJJ. II
div.
,.---- .......___
Vn.I
Ill
p I:___ I
PI
-------
-
flJJ. II
Vn. II
div. .., 1 -r- ..._ ..._
oe-.__..
Va.
"'
p
•.n./ - !:::--..;
f
----:--1
.._ ,..._ .__.. ---
I
p
:
Vc.
:
Cb.
4 APPALACHIAN SPRING
Texture
Fl.
37
""I! F- ,..--.,..
-
tJ
""I!
p espress. The flute develops
Cl.
inm tJ
pp
the melody, moving
-'- .p. ..::::::: :---. with more animation
Bsn. II
12
:
Pno.
:
""!I
unis._
/" -..., Texture
Vn.I
div. tJ _,, '-...... ./
Simplification of the
p unis.
Vn. II ""!I
div. tJ
------ r p
unis.
flute line
uJJ. h
Va.
div. - ...._
T p unis.
./
-" r--..
:
Vc.
p
:
Cb.
44 As at first
""!I /":"\ Harmony
Fl.
Cl.
f\ I!
---- sole:--
- - ...,.-- Ending of the
inm
11n
..a: :0..
p /":"\
opening section on a
A major chord (no
:
Bsn.
p =====--
:
/":"\ third) Copland sound;
Pno.
u
pp
/":"\
clarinet sustains and
:
acts as a transition
8'!........••........•.....•.........•...•....•..•.•..••.••. ]
As at first
Texture f\JJ. I! /":"\ b
Vn.I
the basses tJ
.. pp =====-- /":"\ 11
Va.
pp =====-- /":"\
Vc. :
I I
pp
/":"\
:
Cb.
pp
Texture
5
f£!1 Allegro J=160
The piano becomes
more important in
ii /":\ /":\
Fl.
-i)-
Motive
terms of the Cl.
/":\ /":\
solo
y
orchestration New motive built on
W)
:__../
solo p (poco marc.)
13 Bsn.
:
/":\ /":\
4th and 3rd; each
........./
p (poco marc.) sequence up a whole
fl #1!: * /":\
:
> step
Pno.
#J /":\
i * /":\
W)
2ro.
*
[ill Allegro J= 160 n
Doubling Vn.I
II * * #1!: i * /":\
Motive
W)
vLgoroso ,e...._
n
p
Strings in unison Vn.II
,.,
* * #t!= ; . - /":\
'9-
i * /":\
Added material to
(high viola!) W)
mgoroso n ,a,
p motive z (descending
fl
* .#1!: ; . - /":\
'9-
i * /":\
Va.
lw.!
mgoroso
>
p pizz. triads)
/":\ /":\ ..;.
:
Vc.
r
p
/":\ /":\
:
Cb.
56
fl
Fl.
--.:1
fl .!"h.;.
. -
Cl.
inm W)
W)
ffp
Rhythmic
mf
displacement of the
Pno.
fl
...
motive (Copland
W) >
.... -
Harmony ,., ...--.....--
Vn.I
W)
ifp sound)
Sequence repeats ,., r;.- '9-
nif
strings against a
pizz. arco nf.
... .;,. • <!.;. b•
*
dissonant A natural in
Va.
:
p ,.
mp
arco
I
• . .... -- - -
-
:
Cb.
:
z
6
Fl.
61
fl
tJ
#
;: .... ;: .... .,._II.'*
- ...
-
rrd' f;;;:rc.
Cl.
inm
f;;;;,.c,
,.. ,.. ,ol. !I# II. ,. ; . -
14 Bsn. :
(! .... e
tJ
- -
f >
fl ,......,
Pno.
!1.. #J .... !1....
:
tJ
[7]
Vn.I
flb.....
tJ
;: .... .... ; .... 11-
n
.;;:.
- - Motive
f';;;t,.c. ,e.
Vn. II
fl
ou
- II.
fm";;rc.
.... .... ; #II. -"
n
;: ...
"
...
,e.
More added material
Va.
fl b.... ,.. !1. 1;: .... ;: .... ; .. II
n
;: - - to motive z
f,;;,rc.
>
:
(descending scale)
Vc.
Cb. :
69 Motive
-----
solo
66
t-_ i:
Fl.
;fl t_ ...
Cl.
fl
mf
with motive z;
Bowing and phrasing Bsn.
ltl
: marked differently
fl ,......_ ,......_ r:: (again!)
Transition ltl 1-J-
(to C major) and Pno.
:
psub.
:--'- :--'- :--'- f)
clever mixing of arco arco arco arco v v,.-
and pizz (Copland
fl pizz. v... pizz. v_ - pizz. v_ ::;: i: -t t: i:
sound)
Vn.I
tl;- ....._.
* -· '* mf
--
arco arco arco
pizz. pizz. pizz.
fl v v v v v
Vn.II
tJ "*!"
p
- I"*!" -:;J:.
"'--'
arco
- '"*!"
"--'
arco
-:;J:. -
mf
arco
·...__./ ·-
v pizz.
v pizz.
v p_izz. v_ Y.--...., -
Va.
p
..__.., -
arco V--.,
..__.., -
arco V--.,
..__..,
arco
mf
'";:-"' - -
:
pizz.
t: e pizz.
t: e pizz.
e y,.........__, -
Vc.
p rrd'
Cb.
:
APPALACHIAN SPRING 7
Motives
z !lf!:..i=-.;.. ... - .;.. ... :. ... .;. .;.. ... .;.. ... i!:..;..i -f!:. ft. f!:. ft. .,_ ft. f!:. ft. Harmony
Two motives played Fl.
...,
..... ..-. fnon legato
Movement down to
together (Copland Cl.
fl ... .;.
..-.
.;...-.
.. * .....-.
:. ... .;.. ... .,_ ft. .,_ .. .,_ ft. .,_
sound)
inm ...,
mf Jnon legato G major
:
Bsn.
15 sva----------------------------
... ....----::- ... ....----:: € €
-
fl
Pno.
...,
,:;-
...
- :t:. ...
fnon legato (bell.like)
;:; ;::;
. .
:
Vn.I
..
div.
... -;... .-;.. _.-;._. :i:
[§]
unis.
n
---
;.
-
01.1
-
(11ffj
- -
Jmarc.
v v_ -
sim.
- - - n
fl
- -
Doubling
Vn. II
..., -:t!-·.._./ - ._, "*!"-
·- - .__. - .___., ;:.
y
·- ·- - ·-
•.._./ •.._./ ·.._.,I Jmarc.
v_ Y- - - - -
Strings and piano
with motive y
Va.
Vc.
:
·--.
v.
-
i -
Y--. - ·-.---... --. ·-.---... .-- ·- .--.-
- -
- . - - . -
-
·-. i -
:
Cb.
'
75
Texture Fl.
f!:.f!:.fll-f!:.fll- • .fll-• .- #" •II ... II II
j-.1
Flute and clarinet in .,_ • .,_ . . . . .,_ I • .,_ .,_ ft. .fL * .fL 1.-11 .. 11 .. II
Bsn.
1-.1
:
solo
> .t:. f!:. _II .. .,_ F > .. .,_ F t lllf:· - -..
.,_
“tonal” fmarc.
rsr------ ----------,
J J J J
fl € • • • • • • • • i ........ ; ...
sva----------------------------------- ------- ---
.,.. • .,.. .,.. 1111
Pno.
...,
fl ;:; ;:; :::; ;:; ;:; ;:;
•
-- ... •
- • l11 II
...,
- - .,.
Vn.I
fl
...,
.. • .(2.•
- II
fl II
Vn. II
-.1 I T I
Va.
>
n
- i ... - - - . II
,.-._ "
:
n
> ... i i
fmarc.
. n
> .. .,_ .,_ a
Vc.
,.-._
:
fmarc.
> ..
Cb.
' I
8 APPALACHIAN SPRING
z
80
l'u !I
fill > _£_-----_.£':_
Fl.
"" If If
ll+t!l. > > 1:.. .,_
Cl.
inm It)
If
Harmony Bsn.
:
>
16
> I I
Movement back to A
!----------------------- - .-- ------- ------------
..fu.L!t_ .. .. .,._ .. g
major; strings playing II)
-- - If -
major 7th chords Pno.
AJ!._ !I ___,.._ # .. >
.,_ .... # f!::.
-
Jllc_
-
lll.i
fill-- *
... -
g ..R-----...E:: n v
Texture
ll .. It
=-
Vn.I
-- - -
_
It) ,..--6-
If
n n -
This section features fl_jj__J±_ n n
Vn.II
.._ : ..... =
II)
pads Vc :
I I I
If
Cb
:
I I I
If
>
85 !I
_t_E_ f:. .. f!::.£.- >
1u!. # >
Fl.
lll.i
/l>J. !I f!::.1:...- 1_.._ ;.
-
Cl.
inm It)
- > ;;.
:
Bsn.
_.
Vn. II
II)
'*-.--
.p.
"
Va.
:
Vc.
:
Cb
.... I I
APPALACHIAN SPRING 9
89
,. ,.
z Fl. " II # ,. #
tJ
flu II .fiL .fiL .fiL .fiL .fiL
- -
Cl.
Melodic linking inm tJ
- - -
: "
Bsn.
17 Melodic linking -----------
_i_ ,. f ,.
between winds and fl ,. II ,. f: ,. f:
-
flu II ,. f:
Vc. :
:
Cb.
I I
Fl.
93fl,. II .. . ,. . ..
tJ
- - - -
Cl.
inm tJ
-
:
Bsn.
fl ,. II >
,. f: €
jl) .....
Pno.
flu II
tJ
t -
[!Q]
flu II
Vn.I
tJ - ----- I I
--
- -
--
flu II
Vn. II
jl)
,. --- ---_..,.
--
Va.
I
--
--
: "
Vc.
I - --
Cb.
:
I -
10 APPALACHIAN SPRING
98
fu I!
solo
-.,- "
Melodic linking z
Fl.
Cl.
fllil I! . .
...
""!'
p
h
p
.
The two motives, first
: :
Bsn.
.......
18 in piano, then solo,-...
p
fllil I! t j:
y
melodic linked Pno. "ff
h_jj__!±
Vn.I
fllil I!
"
fllil I! ll
Vn. II
Va.
J.l
-"
:
Vc.
Cb.
:
'
[ill
103
f'fl
Fl.
"" Form
-.
ll > > :::;
Cl.
y
in
fsur marc.
* ;:.
--- Note the way the
_:> b. > b.. !: > b. _,...
Bsn.
j, marc.
.. ... Copland changes the
Texture ;. I.. > ;. > ;. I..
- > time signature,
Pno. I sub., marc.
., . ; "'b>.....
; .,
displacing the strong
Abrupt change to beat and the motive
C mixolydian and
forte
Vn.I
"!
.
v - ::.::---- -
......_, ......_,
,...
I
Vn. II
ll v -- >_..- ,...
-
"! "!
I ; ; ,...
-
.:>...-
Va.
I
""!
marc.
""! - ""! "' ......_, ......_,
Vc.
I
t t
Cb.
:jJ.' :jJ.' :jJ.'
>
j
APPALACHIAN SPRING 11
solo
,..-....
108
ll g
Fl.
v
11f
z
ll
Cl.
inB> v
Bsn.
"""
19 ll i >
:
y
v >-
if
Pno. if
>- >-
if mf
...
Blending of families : :
n i'ro.
*
Wonderful use of the Vn.I
ll ....... ,.._ n
- >..-_------
------
v if- >-
"!" p-.t -
piano to reinforce the if
n
::::=- mp
v
....... r-.. n
- >;_...-
percussive element
>-
if- if "!" p-.t - ::::=- mp
n
ll ;; i >- n .flL >-
Va.
v if- >- I
""!
n
>- 1..
- .flL :t;
"'
:
Vc.
:
r
Cb.
ll f: t t ,oi. t f: ..f:.
Fl.
v
Texture
non leg.
f:.t.;.._. .• .;..t f:ti f:ti f:ti .,.. .flL .,.. . .,..
New rhythmic pattern
ll
Cl.
inB> v
11f non leg.
Bsn.
""' - - ;;
- - - :;;;
in 2nd vln, vla, and
I bssn; dark tone color
ll .r:T,i. .r:T,i. ./:T,i. .r:T,i. .r:T,i.
--
v
Pno. II
-- ......-::--... -- ......-::--... -- ......-::--... -- ......-::--...
v ":" • I I
1\iv..
.a- ... ;: .-
Vn.I
v
11f non leg.
- - - - - -
Vn. II
v
} I I I I
ll
- - - - - -
Va.
v
} I I I I
118
> :;;
Fl.
Cl.
II!)
20 r::-;- Motive
()
. - ### 1'-.fL.fl- > h .,.. __., b...
tJ L......J I L..-1 I .......,. I
- . Classic example of
-
Pno. fmarc. f
fl
- -
h. lt... >
diminution
-.. .. .. -
: : :
tJ "!' . I !>-
"!" * r
Vn.I
flt:#:t: unis.
### 1'- n h.
• • .,.. .,.. .,.. .,_ (smaller note values)
div.
- -
II!)
()
-
fmarc.
- lt.. n lt.
y
Vn.ll
...
-
II!) I I
fmarc.
fl b'f!'- b'f*' .,_.,_.,_ n b'f!'- .,_ .,_ .,_
Va.
- #
tJ ·;:
:
f2- ?
fmarc.
. . n .. • q.,_
-
: :
Vc.
fmarc. "!"
>
-
Cb.
:
123 ...--..__
(l 't: i
Fl.
II!)
f sf f sf sf fcresc. f
Cl.
(l
- > > > >
Texture in II!)
f sf f sf sf fcresc. f
:;; .,..
The winds sustain
#
: :
Bsn.
"!" I
"!" "!" "!"---
while the violins sf
- -
f sf f
> L .,...,.. > > L ._..,_ > L # .,_ b.... .,_ qt: >
if:;;
-
f-
-
fcresc.
-
f f sf
pitches; we often
Pno.
,....., lt. r--
- -
: :
n
sustaining parts Vn.I
fl t f: f: f:.f:. f: f: f: i
especially in an II!)
fl
sf
>
if===
>
sf
>
fcresc.
> > 1!,
f
n
>
Beethoven 5
Va.
> - sf > -,....., sf >
fcresc. -,....., ..
·;:
-
f
;; • • .. q.,_ .,. n
Vc. : : :
:a·
music is in 4/4 meter, Fl.
ll)
cresc. fff
the notes are beamed Cl.
II > > :: .. ... ;_. ::. .->.-- > > >
inm
in a tuplet pattern ll.i cresc.
.,:---.,..
fff
;_. ::. >__.- L>. > >
:
Bsn.
21 .....,...
. .. -
I
fff
:
L b..... fL t:
>
- > 1:.• .fiL
> f,,... q-,:.
- -
cresc. "'>-
Pno. l+. "t: fff > !!..... > .. qfL
: :
- ... - >
>
'l* ;:
y
l'l -,:. -,:. -,:. -,:. :a i: l!. .-k7"". > I >P,...f:.> • fL
Vn.I
ll)
cresc.
m I >-
Vn. II
l'l > > > I 1\_
- > • fL >
-
Va.
ll.i
-
cresc.
;. b..... > m I
-
"'>--
>
>
> > >
>
-
cresc. n7!J.. -
';; • > fff > !l-..
-
: :
Vc.
> ... ;:
cresc.
fff ... >
:
Cb.
" fff
>
131 :0:
l'l > > > --
Fl.
ll)
if if if ffp
Cl.
ll ;:;..- . ..,......-....... 1.-
ll) ;: > ;: ffp
1 ...
if if if
:
Bsn.
?
-
if if if
l'l
.. - >
,........,.__, > ... ... :f:.
Pno.
ll)
l'l
-
ll)
l'l #€
- >
,........,.__, > . -,:. v
Vn.I
tJ
- >
"!
,........,.__, >
"! - >- :0.
--
......_......,
mf cant. espress .
Vn. II
ll)
l'l - >
,........,.__, >
- :f:.
ffp
>_-
Va.
ll)
:
- ffp
Vc.
if if if
:
Cb.
;j.' ;j.'
Texture
Bsn.
: instrument
22 fl
...,
Pno.
:
[M]
fl"
Vn.I
ti I
:64: .....__......, I
fl
mp
Vn. II
..., nf .......
-- p -
Va.
,if p
I
Vc. :
mf
....
p
:
Cb.
....
p
Fl.
14f .----..
ti
(},.
Cl.
inm @.)
Bsn.
fl
ti
Pno.
fl
Vn.I
ti
41:_ -___.....,
fl
Vn. II
I
ti -· 41:..__
,.,
Va.
I I ..._ I
Vc.
I ...._ .....
Cb.
._.....
Doubling
15
The harp (playing
harmonics sounding 146
, fl
-
Fl.
8va) doubles the solo
z
-.;
Bsn.
-.;
:
pp- - . ;;. .
y
23 and beautiful texture mp
fl
Pno.
-.; -
pp (bell-like)
:
fl
Vn.I
-.;
fl
Vn. II
Va.
.., -9-"...._
- -
I
:
Vc.
......
:
Cb.
150 Form
fl ;:-r::-;..
solo
F $= . r.\
Fl.
-.;mp
flJO
p pp This section ends
Cl.
inm .., p pp
quietly with solo
Bsn.
......
: winds
fl r.\
-.;
Pno.
:
fl r.\
Vn.I
-.;
fl
Vn. II
..,
Va.
Vc. :
Cb. :