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462 views84 pagesSocial Justice Sunya
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/ 84
sp CTOR-GENERAL Pow
ae INTS.
\ IAN BHARAT: PM JAN AROGYA‘
LHEALTH COVERAGE
vere 4 ERAGE (UHC)
wp 19 INDIA'S HEALTHCARI Ge
COMSEFFORTS TOFIGHT THE VIRA OR
PIASITIONAL MEDICINE ' ONAVIRUS
N-COMMUNICABLI 585 NCO
vat AND DIGITAL INFRASTRU coe
AL DIGITAL HEALTH MISSION ~...
ppuLTHDATA MANAGEMEN POLICY.
JIBUCBEALTH SURVEILLANCE
FoBACCO-USE ININDIA
URAL HEALTH -
hs spucaTion ———
spucATION SYSTEM - SCHOOL
PBUCATION SYSTEM - HIGHER EDUCATION
REWEDUCATION POLICY 2020
Povid:SCHOOL CLOSURES! GLOBAL EDUCATION COALITION-
LEARNING POVERTY
{pTECH SECTOR IN IND!
YOJANA(PM-JAY).
19 AND CHILD LABOUR.
‘TION POLICY
‘POCSO RULES 2020—~
‘CHILD ADOPTIO!
GENERAL POINTS ~
3RMENT - GENERAL POINTS~
LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION IN INDI
Scanned with CamScanner POVERTY AND HUNGER
POVERTY
to socially perceiv eettirn
fe heath, education, connectivity ee cre, eae uma needs such we ON, bpoe
'y, ete. Ag mmarioaacSien) -
ities and, this lac! oe per ie
this lack of capabilities is'ateemen "ea
oi ‘erty: The pandemi a
cession. _
ent levels: with unemployment levels of above 5%
for starting a new y
appellate esis starting a new business, where poor people are denied finance bectuse
Poo! th and meager Income: Aj Jation
ea come: Approximately 50% of the Indian populatio
works in Agricult OF which has , eet 52%
Spfarmers are under debt less than 20% contribution in national GDP, and
Risigialnnaeeiey’ The ‘CHINE the Indian population holdgiiy of the tte) national
wealth. This directly hampers level playing field, leading to poverty trap for the Poor
jus
ve fltaaieselling, pushing major population
for low skills jobs like construction laborers and Informal jobs
2 Social Factors
7 4 Health related: witl 326009 bc ihERBSHaHUHRooLat pocket | ORCRTESSTEB DORI |
pushed the families into debt and finally into poverty
a Scabies poor learning outcomes, lack of vocational training, ‘degree’ not turning
into jobs, increased competition --> Poor employment opportunities —> Poverty
. e caste system, impacting full potential of the Individual
« Patriarchal Mindset: This impedes 0 be a breadwinner of the family and other
phenomenon like
4, Governance related
+ Failure of Social contract: where some poor and unprivileged people fails to receive the
nt for reasons like_lack of proper documents, complex procedures, middle man.
service delivery: because of problems like Corruption, self-vested interests of the
‘of motivation ete
ulations; where despite of provisions like child labor ban, wage equality
violated in open
related: where institutions ike Panchayats are not well funded to deal with,
‘Industrial evolution 4.0, Technology is the new norma! and
ivide, It will directly promote poverty.
n like poor service delivery because of DBT reforms,
no insurance facilities
Scanned with CamScanner
~“ + Increased
Economic consequences
* Decreased demand: Leading to lower Beonomie growth
© Demographic “Bomb”. India having rich demostaphic dividend, could 1 that ing
demographic lability with prevailing poverty
Fiscal deficit: Due to increased subsidies, increased expenditure on food security etc
nemployment: because of poor skill set,
productivity due to improper food intake ete
of funds for BUSINESS, ony
2. Political and Governance related
Protests and Riots: Poor people are easy target participants for ill motivated protests
Decreased Political participation: with poor bargaining power and motivation 0 participa
in national affairs
Maniput of cleavages: where poor people are targeted the MOst 10 ayy
communal disharmony
Service delivery: is impacted as Poverty brings many other impacts like m0 access jy
technology, poor awareness levels etc
ial Consequences
Illiteracy: leading to poor employment levels
Malnutrition: Leading to wasting, stunting and high mortality rate creating poor mesa)
capabilities, spending on health services ete
Child Labor: This leads to low literacy initiating a vicious eycle of low skill development ang
consequently low income.
Feminization of Poverty: with issues like single mother, separated women
Social Tensions: like Drug abuse, mob lynching, robbery increases with increase in poy
ny
Measures to deal with Poverty
Employment generation; Ajeevika Mission, MGNREGA, PM Employment Generation, Py
SVANIDHI, Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana
.* Food and nutrition: National Food Security Act, National Nutrition Mission, Mid-Day mes
scheme, Antyodaya Anna Yojana etc.
» Health: Ayushman Bharat, Matritva Sahyog Yojana,
Social security and financial inclusion: National social
Jeevan Bima Yojana Nsap ary
sistance program, Atal Pension Yoja,
INCOME INEQUALITY
is how unevenly income is distributed throughout a population. The less equal
income inequality is. Income inequality is often accompanied by wealth ineqal®s
ibution of wealth.
Scanned with CamScanner ee cp Me
iw of technology and industrialization
ater plased: Technology is skill biased
Y increased productivity and wages. The incre
fechnology, Which, in tur, creates a higher ctivity lends 10 4
le increases wealth
edium-skill jobs due to autornation, incre Te wae gpa, ee re
‘omic reasons
Coes ty 2 Beolow productivity sectors: A |
Y productivity. For ex — agriculture
veakening labour movement: There is a strong link between labour’s declining share o
s i en labor lini
* income worldwide with the strength of labour unions than with the use of « aaa
ee ; unions than with the
Wealth distribution: When the return on investments is highe
d ; vestments is higher tha of
-nt and growth ofthe country, more wealth gets accumulated in the hands ofa eavaaneng soon
fothe labouring class [Thomas Piketty]
+ Wealth Concentration: People who already hold wealth have the resources to leverage the
ur :
large numbers of the labour force work in sectors with lo
fa capitalists as compared
verty accumulation of wealth, which makes economic inequality a vicious cycle
4, Social reasons
Pp . lucation levels: Individuals with different levels of education often earn different wages.
PM. “This is probably related to reason one: the level of education is often proportional to the level
of skill.
meal + Gender Issues: Females carn less than men
4 Parsonal factors
«Innate abilities: Individuals possessing different sets of abilities may have different levels of
‘wealth. For ex - more determined individuals may keep improving themselves and striving for
better achievements, which justifies a higher wage.
‘Intelligence: Often believed that smarter people tend to have higher income and hence more
‘wealth, There is a correlation of 0.82 between average 1Q and GDP [/Q and the Wealth of
Nations by Dr. Richard Lynn)
jana,
aa affects of women.
srment; Due to increase in wage gap, it affets en of women.
ety: Income inequality gives rise to th and illiteracy, thus
es fueling politcal instability, and eventually destabilising the society.
Scanned with CamScanner 3. Political: ar a
© Social Unrest: Inequalities undern
promote corruption and cronyism.
jive of vulpstable and thus hamper dep,
Zovernment Initiatives
2 Increasing sponding on ereation of social infrastructure: on education, heajy
protection etc. e.g. Right to Education
2. Economy Relate
+ Financial Inclusion: through se
nomically weaker sections have acce
rship: through MUDRA banks, National hub for
themes such as Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
to bank accounts
ilude e
upport for Entreprene
centrepren
+ Employment G
3. Policy Level:
+ Reservation Policy: for equality of opportunity
‘ee Schemes: such as MGNREGA
Way forward
1. Policy Level:
* Progressive Taxation: for redistribution of resources
© Increasing Social Spending: on health, education ete to increase efficiency
population and having better demographic dividend
2. Social:
* Women Empowerment: incre
ment of nation
ing and Entrepreneurship promotion
entrepreneurship ecosystem for better job creaion
3. Leveraging Technology:
* Innovation: in sectors such as agri
* Promotion of digital literacy and internet penet
population with industrial demands
ing LFPR of women will lead to increase
to increase job opportunities, to nourish
ing etc along with technological re
on: for better
gnment of working
FOOD SECURITY
Food security is a “situation that situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical,
s200ess to sufficient, safe and nuttious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences foam
active and healthy life” (RAO).
a nt tn 221
of food security: More than half of the world’s undernourished are found in
and more than one-third in Africa (282 million)
In the year 2020, about 17.3% of children under the age of five years suet
hi
Scanned with CamScanner ee, oT ’
omen and Food insecurity: Nearly IMD" the
rit
sieod Availability”
* rood Access «
+ erod Utilization *
+ Eepiy in Food Availability
1d Securit
BoP Social reasons
+ S%eTo tackle hunger: India ranks 101/116 in{filobal Hunger Index 2021) and is categorized at
To tackle stunting in children: At 17.3%, India has the highest child wasting rate of all
‘serious’ level.
* countries covered in the GHI.
Health expenditure: Food security will ensure better immunity and thus, reduce health
expenditure
Demographic Dividend: It will ensure cognitive development of citizens and hence, utilize
the demographic dividend
3, Economic reasons
« Growth of agriculture sector: This will increase its contribution in the GDP which is
currently around 3.4%
Tackle Inflation: Sufficient availability of food is necessary for controlling food prices.
Poverty reduction: Around half of India’s population is engaged in agriculture and al
sector. Thus, it can help in job creation, and subsequently reduce poverty.
Exports: India is 2nd largest producer of wheat, rice. Thus, has high potential for exports
Jeading to forex earnings.
SDG-2
4, Global reasons
° $DG 2: It talks about vero hunger by 2030}for which food security is non-negotiable.
- Zoe
(Qallenges in attaining food security Huang
|. Social issues
due to less purchasing capacity, people do not get sufficient
timated amount required to feed the entire population
* Poverty: Even if food is available,
nutrients. India produces more than the e:
however, more than 194 million people sleep hi
¢ Large informal sector: Around 90% of Indie
__ survival on daily wages which is variable.
A Nu mn: It is difficult to provide food security to 136 crore people with low literacy
/; Leads to girl child and women consuming less than required food. Around
n Anaemia in India - NHFS IV
of parents: Affects nutrition, breast-feeding, and healthy diet of children
+ Due to lack of improvement in agricultural producti
needed to obtain agricultural stability
Mlied
wungry everyday [FAO].
ia’s workforce is in informal sector implying
Scanned with CamScanner Wastage: Around 62,000 tonnes for food grains were wasted in FCI warchouses
between
and 2017, any
* Improper implementation of programmes:
scheme
Such as lack of nutritious fod in Mid-Day Mea,
* Lack of coordination: Various ministries and departments are involved in 1004 seer
Programmes however, there is lack of coordination between them. y
4. Environmental reasons
* Vagaries of monsoon: Hi
crops.
ih dependence of agriculture sector of rains, often leads ofl a
* Climate change: Increasi
rainfall [March 2021 wh
production:
Other issues
* Armed Conflicts: Food production is usually reduced, and in some cases collapses, leading tg
hunger and starvation and forcing large numbers of people to migrate [FAO]
* Terrain: difficult to reach population living in difficult terrains such as tribals in forest regions
Consequences of Food Insecurity
ing temperature leading to drought like conditions,
‘unseasonay
jeat crops in Madhya Pradesh were spoilt] also effect the mp
tain food security
Food Security Act, 2013: It envisages a right-based approach entitling 67% of the
Hion to receive subsidized food grains under Targeted Public Distribution System
ial Nutrition Mission 2018: It ensures convergence with various programmes
d Child Development Scheme ‘ ;
Meal Scheme, 1995: MDM is the world’s largest school feeding program reaching
ut 11 crore children in Schools and Education Guarantee ete. (EGS) across the
; National Food Security Mission, Rashtriya Krishi
0 re Saues pa Cores, Eig ee
A nach Mani Fa Bina Yojam, eons as Fy
; to increase nutritional value of food products ete].
Page C8
Scanned with CamScanner , , agricultural productivity: Thro
" eee one '¥: Through micro-irrigation practices, quality seeds, better
ase
e 0 food availability and a
j i cessibility: Bet
4, tein of storage, household gardens y: Better targeting under prevalent schemes, promotins
ity pe practi
BoM kunomics model: It follows an “ABCT
DEFGH” framework centring on: Agriculute
s, Global Markets,
+ AMosy. Compost, Decentralised decision-n
king, Entrepreneurs, Families
of “Headstands’. It is an integrated economic model fi i
ait esas trough regenerative agriculture, that ensures profit for farmers, quality
. sre
°p
to
fest deficienci MALNUTRITION
pes ution covers 2 broad groups of conditions a person’s intake of energy and/or mutien
ing (low weight for height),
ig (low height for age), wa
pertmtgermutriion: It includes stu
(a lack of important vitamins and
Mijeeweight ow weight for age) and micronutrient deficien
minerals).
4 overweight,
giabetes, and cancer)
obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases (such as heart disease, stroke»
B® Gppat Hunger Index 2020: India was ranked 101" among 116 counties
1h
1 NFHS V [Data from 22 States/UTS}
MW Chronic malnourishment: More than half the surveyed states reported ever third child
felow five suffering from chronic malnourishment
Ruraburban divide: The prevalence was greater in rural areas th
territories, except in Jammu and Kashmir.
Child stunting: At least eight out of 342 surveyed district
lence of child stunting.
+ Underweight and wasted childrei
severely wasted under 5 children
+ Stunted children: 13 states registered a surge in the
years ofage in comparison to NFHS 4 (2015-16)
an urban across all surveyed
s registered more than 50 per cent
raz 16 states recorded an increase in underweight and
percentage of stunted children under five
10 afford nutritious food
food - > Diet misses out on nutrition
towards cheaper non-nutritious food
income - > inability
to nutrient-dense
-> Diet patterns change
> Obesity -> Unhealthy cheaper alternatives
cooking medium > Tow access {0 825 chulhas
yment-> Working parents > Less time for child care
re -> poor storage -7 food wastage -> decline in per capita availability
growth -> This has ‘exuberated malnourishment in India [Jean Dreze]
ne Curret{ Telegram: tme/sunyanotess0 Page C-9
— Both Static
Scanned with CamScanner 2. Social
* Maternal Malnutrition -> Low ine Malnourished babies
* Poor Housing - lack of sanitation -> 1 healt
inequitable access to food
+ Water Supply -> Contaminated water -> Poor health
Conflict -> loss of livelihood -> poverty -> insufficient food
Migration: Bureaucracy and its need for documentation creates a form o
exclusion leading to lack of food availability.
® Open Defecation is a main contributor to malnutrition
. Governance
* Competing issues -> Lack of policy focus -> Nutrition neglected
Issues with PDS -> Lack of access to food grains -> food insecurity
Corruption -> Leakages in social schemes -> decline in availabil
Agricultural Pricing -> issues in marketing and logistics
Storage issues -> Food wastage
Mismatch between demand and supply
Central government in India has turned its back on social policies For ex -
given to Mid-Day Meal programme this year
crores in 2014,
4. Environmental
f Social ang
is only 11,500 crores as compare
, $ Climate change -> Changes in crop pattern -> food insecurity
* Floods/Droughts -> Damage to crops -> decline in availability
J G22 = reduces key nutrients in erops -> deficiency of nutrients in body
* Climate refugees -> lack of access to food and sanitation
5. Individual
* Poor lifestyle -> insufficient nutrient diet
* Medical problems: For ex - oncological diseases such as can
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease etc.
Vaccination -> Lack of vaccination -> poor health
Micronutrient deficiency -> Hidden Hunger
cer, pulmonary diseases such
ences of Malnutrition
Health consequences
$ Compromised immune system: Leading to reduced ability to fj
ight infection
© Mental issues: Malnutrition causes apathy, depression, introvesion, elf neglect and deerosia
in social interactions
Reproductive issues: Malnutrition, reduces fertility and if present: during pregnancy can predispose
fo problems with diabetes, heart disease and stroke in the baby in later life
‘Death:Malnutrition was the cause of 69% of deaths of children under the age of five in Inia
ICEF]
Growth failure and stunting,
conomic consequences eat
2 Due to poor cognitive development, malnourishment leads to poor, emp!
portunity, leading to poverty, . ie
education levels: Itis known to deter brain development which in turn results in
ability
delayed sexual development, reduced strength, etc.
Scanned with CamScanner Vv =
' mo non-communicable diseases later in tee cary hil
eee hl
ee Food insecurity,
oe especialy whe
: breakdown, civil cor can ee oy i
oot conf rte, ana ne 0 re, gene he ik of
td communal conf
Maternal healthcare, lactating
Under 5 children, adolescent infane,
Below poverty line families.
Families - > Lack of acc :
Loss of v eens
tfeeding mothers
Unable tae
f Gtteare sector > High burden of diseascn > tener nis
aks
The Mission focusses
The Miston friny 0 improving nition ening conditions
al breastfeeding, amongst other issues, for over 130 million
or . The uty isto rec al frm of mamaition By 200, with
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS): It targets at children
saad lacing mothers and women 16-44 yea of age The scheme
{he health, nutrition and education (KAP) of the target community
:: It encompasses two Sub-Missions: NRHM and NUHM, It envisages
iNevement of universal access to equitable, affordable & quality health care services that ars
accountable and responsive to people's needs. -
Swacch Bharat Abhiyan: It is a country-wide camp
2014 to eliminate open defecation and improve solid waste m:
Mid -day Meal Programme: The Mid Meal Scheme is
designed to better the nutritional standing of school-age children nation!
National Food Securit Tt marks a paradigm shift in the approacl
welfare to rights-based approach. It legally entitles up to 75% of rural population
population to receive subsidized food grains under TPDS.
‘antodaya Ann Yojana: Antyodaya Anna Yojana is the sponsore:
provide highly subsidized food to millions of the poorest families.
Integrated management of PDS: It aims to introduce nation-wide portability of ration cards under
NFSA through ‘One Nation ‘One Ration Card’ plan with an objective to enable migrant beneficiaries
re ae catled quota of food grain fom any Fair Price Shop (FPS) of hex choice anywhere
in the country
FIT India movement:
people to remain healthy
onal initiatives
World Food Programme Project: It is the food-assistanve branch of the UN. It is the world’s
Jargest humanitarian organization, hunger and food security and the
largest provider of school meals.
UNICEF Assistance for Women and Children
the age of 6 years,
aimed to improve
aign initiated by the Government of India in
anagement.
‘a school meal programme in India
ide
Jn to food security from
and 50% of urban
.d scheme of Government to
movement in India to encourage
Fit India Movement is a nation-wide
and sports in their daily lives
‘and fit by including physical activities
the largest one focused on
Page C-11
Scanned with CamScanner Decentralisation -> Local bodies empowered -> More targeted delivery
Basic income for most needy families
Diversifying PDS > include milk and eggs
Curbing corruption -> Less leakages -> More per capital availability of food
Infrastructure -> Better storage and disbursal
Creating sanitary infrastructure -> Access to proper housing -> Clean drinkin,
Crop Diversification -> Growing res
also low wastage
Jan Andolan: India needs a
stakeholders:
2. Role of Civil Society
* Awareness -> proper awareness generation on diets and key requirements
¢ Training > Anganwadi workers to devolve information regarding food habits o masse
* Workshops at schools and colleges -> Healthy eating habits > Better nutrition
3. Role of Family
* Resolving gender issues > Women Empowerment -> Better child rearing
* Encouraging Female education -> Positive impact on child health
* Ending Domestic abuse -> Better home atmosphere-> better woman and child health
* Supporting traditional foods -> Genetic disposition -> Body absorbs more nutrients
Innovative methods from around the world
span and Kerala: Making fast food expensive or fat tax
Monitor Food Fortification - Encouraged by FAO
Peru: Through Partnerships with NGO's and agencies, Peru's malnutrition rates declined in
UNICEFs WASH -> Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
Golden Rice: International Rice Research Institute has developed Golden Rice, a genetically modified
tice variant used to combat Vitamin A deficiency.
1 Water
years
Scanned with CamScanner HEALTH
HEALTH SECTOR ~ GENERAL POINTS,
gasses wane
1 A*Senicient health Infrastructure: India had 53 beds per 1,00,000 people in 2017 [WHO|; 22%
Shortfall in Primary health centers (PHCs)
Shortfall in Health personnel: The doctor-population ratio in India is 1:1456 against the
WHO recommendation of 1:1000 and 172.7 nurses and midwives per 1,00,000 people in 2017
4 teadequae heatiare series: Noncommunicable diese (Between 1990 ma 206, the
ontribution of NCDS increased 37% to 61% ofall deaths (Economic Survey ntal
Jealtheare ete. barely have adequate healthcare services. , sere are
3, Affordability
ATfigh out of pocket expenditure: 65% of Health expenditure in India is out of pocke!
[Economic Survey 2020-21] * ie aco
«Expensive Private hospitals: which make it impossible for poor people to access services of
private sector
‘+ Low Insurance Penetration: As of 2019, penetration for life insurance in India is 2.82%, and
for non-life insurance it is 0.94%. Globally, insurance penetration was 3.35% for life segment
and 3.88% for non-life segment [Economic Survey 2020-21] -
4. Availability
P No proper healthcare services in rural areas: especially of tertiary care
+ Manpower crisis: where medical personnel are unwilling to serve in rural areas
Inter-state variations: While Kerala has 65,685 doctors for 35.6 million people, Jharkhand
thas 6,837 doctors for 38.6 million people. Karnataka has 130,698 doctors for 67.6 million
people, while Gujarat has 69,746 doctors for 63.9 million people
4, Governance related
State Subject: Health is a state subject and with less fiscal space and expertise, it suffers due
to lack of uniformity and consistency.
“Absence of single regulator: leading to poor quality of services by hospital, sub grade medical
‘education etc.
Inadequate Funding: which is just around 1.2-1.3 % of GDP, as compared to 6% of work,
average
«Poor Coordination: Between ministries of Women, rural and health leading to inefficiencies
Poor Research and development (R&D): in areas like genetics, stem-cells, new vaccines ete.
© Misdirected efforts: excessive focus is given to curative healthcare with 51% of the spending
‘as compared to just 6% on preventive healthcare
Health Care
ising Public Health: Only 10% of graduates join public hospitals, incentives to
students upon joining the public sector can narrow the public-private gap
Focus: Focus should be shifted to preventive healthcare from curative healthcare.
ring Local Bodies: Local bodies must be empowered for a decentralized approach
“Approach: Community approach involves the community in direct involvement
issues alongside NGO to decrease the burden on the government
Scanned with CamScanner © Puivate sector Incentives: In form of tax cuts and holidays for setting heath cent, ing
and underserved areas
2. Treatment Costs
© Ayushman Bharat: Leveraging the coverage
expenses for poor sections
t tion the inflating cost of care in private hospit
* Price Regulation: Re;
Of consumables or through needless procedures and investigations,
key requirement to reduce out OF Bock
* Insurance Penetration
expenditure
3. Governance
Bottlenecks: Bottlenecks in various healthcare
Implement
make it more equitable and consolidated
© Special Focus: Upon weaker ana vulnerable sections like elderly and children
$ [tcreasing Budget: The healthcare budget must be increased in line with around 2.5% of pp
* RPP: Collaborated approach and combine the welfare aspect of the government acy the quality
of the private sector
° Dedicated emergency response: In line with 911 in the US and 999 in the K
emergency systems
Examples from around the world
New Z Healthcare system in New Zealand is state-sponsored and very good quality. iis
al treatment for residents,
funded through taxes and provides free or subsidised medi
* Denmark: The Danish universal health eare system provides
and is predominantly
national health insurance
Percent of outpatient services, and for 75 percent
Australia: The government pays
ofthe medical fee schedule for private patients who wee public hospitals.
4d fads fom an Aron Yojana cag ay
:
als, via excess)
iV te
Increasing penetration is
Schemes mist be removed ty
for robust
° Disorders: About 7.5% Indians suffer from some form of mental disorder, 56 million suffer from
depression while 38 million have anxiety disorders
* Suicides in India: In 2016, India accounted for 36.6% of the global suicide deaths among women
and 24.3% among men,
igh specialized cost of treatment
hiatrsts against the need of at least 13,500
|. Economic
© High costs: Mental health is neglected due to its hij
*s: India has just over 3,800 registered Psycl
only about 900 clinical psychologists [Mol
sing Budget: The share of mental health inthe heath budget is less than 1%in 2021-22
the weaker section who find it hard to
and ostraci
iti id seeking help due to related social stigma
oa
Scanned with CamScanner the occult of rituals which further
goon etfs: Facies exo t iatonal practices like
Bei vate the situation
7 Mental patients especial
‘Abuse: Memilles: Isolated families and persons are often left alone to
are evicted and abandoned
ly women are prone to abuse and assault
fend for themselves without
care,
Peery: Without care and support, most elderly mental patients
icy focus has been weak upon the implementation front
. ehben bedies and state governments are missing out on the policy
formulation
Har as persons become ineligible to work
productively
roden of Disease: With a large number of patents, the healthcare secor
short on skilled staff
Falling back into Po
Budgetary burden:
9% onamic
1:Bsoaman Resources: A severe loss of human resources
is overburdened and
werty: Families may fall back in poverty due to high treatment costs
High burden upon financial resources
to the stigma associated
‘odmen claiming to cure illnesses
ial
‘Isolation: Mental health isolates persons due
dioned by families especially elderly
Rise of Godmen: Poor sections take refuge in fraudulent g
‘Abandonment: Many mental patients find themselves aban«
and women
‘e Sexual Abuse: Many children and women afflicte
sexually assaulted by caregivers and healthcare staff
Drug Abuse: Without care and treatment many patients dri
2, Soci
44 by mental disease are often abused and
- ft towards drugs and alcohol
ives
tal healtheare and services for persons
Ith Care Act, 2017: It is an Act to provide for me
promote and fulfil the rights of such persons during delivery of
Government
Mental Heal
swith mental illness and to protect,
‘mental healthcare and services
«National Mental Health Programme: To ensure the availability and accessibility of minimum mental
artneare for all and to encourage the application of mental health knowledge i general healthcare and
aaaresal development; and to promote community participation inthe mental health service development.
© ManoDarpan Initiative: An initiative of the Ministry of Education for psychosocial support of
students, teachers and families for mental health
1g and telemedicine to the most inaccessible regions
‘mental care centres with quality staff
ined in specialised manner to deal with mentally
Digital health: Internet can provide counsellin
Infrastructure: There is a need to create more
¢ Training: Ordinary healthcare workers need to be tra
afflicted patients
relieving exercises: Stress a key cause of degrading mental health must be addressed through
‘exercise and yoga
‘entation: The mental healthcare bill must be implemented properly in all states
ised: Mental healthcare must be decentralised to include local and village lev‘
eit nse le
‘Community: Ci 17s isos ace ap ai 8 Ba
drug use: Drugs are a leading cause of mental illness , thus thei curbed
ite pct ange ndgaaape apa
| Mains GS Paper 2 Notes ~ Both Static & Current| Te
felegram: t.me/sunyanotesSO
Page CAS
Scanned with CamScanner GYA YOJANA@PM.y
T: PM JAN AROG AY
SEMAN ae or Ayushnan Bharat Yojana Scher i he Magan ‘
the Government nda, ase a eal insuanc scheme Poor en,
the society and the vulnerable population
(Rete ant Wallnes aches]
ra: + Wreyp ower Jo Crore dpe
TIE AY cmtren, Mh Le mage Gnd Wines (prt ube
Fe Prmedne and prtinegy cover of Bp 5 Mt font [yee
Areas cove. + tosh ebetee Anaathntace uit
+ Wdlimoy odented append, fomead Mendy
* cherdige ov Spy side + denies om demand