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Cylinder Configuration

The document discusses various cylinder configurations used in aircraft engines, including straight, V, opposed, and radial designs, as well as more unusual configurations like H, U, X, and W. It highlights the importance of even firing for reducing torque pulsations and achieving balance in multi-cylinder engines, while also mentioning the opposed piston design that enhances thermal efficiency by eliminating cylinder heads. Notable examples of opposed piston engines include the Junkers Jumo 205 and the Napier Deltic.

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The Lord Nura A
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34 views1 page

Cylinder Configuration

The document discusses various cylinder configurations used in aircraft engines, including straight, V, opposed, and radial designs, as well as more unusual configurations like H, U, X, and W. It highlights the importance of even firing for reducing torque pulsations and achieving balance in multi-cylinder engines, while also mentioning the opposed piston design that enhances thermal efficiency by eliminating cylinder heads. Notable examples of opposed piston engines include the Junkers Jumo 205 and the Napier Deltic.

Uploaded by

The Lord Nura A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CYLINDER

CONFIGURATION:
Common cylinder configurations include the straight or inline configuration, the more compact V
configuration, and the wider but smoother flat or boxer configuration. Aircraft engines can also
adopt a radial configuration, which allows more effective cooling. More unusual configurations
such as the H, U, X, and W have also been used.

Some popular cylinder configurations:


a – straight
b–V
c – opposed
d–W
Multiple cylinder engines have their valve train and crankshaft configured so that pistons are at
different parts of their cycle. It is desirable to have the pistons' cycles uniformly spaced (this is
called even firing) especially in forced induction engines; this reduces torque pulsations [38] and
makes inline engines with more than 3 cylinders statically balanced in its primary forces.
However, some engine configurations require odd firing to achieve better balance than what is
possible with even firing. For instance, a 4-stroke I2 engine has better balance when the angle
between the crankpins is 180° because the pistons move in opposite directions and inertial
forces partially cancel, but this gives an odd firing pattern where one cylinder fires 180° of
crankshaft rotation after the other, then no cylinder fires for 540°. With an even firing pattern, the
pistons would move in unison and the associated forces would add.
Multiple crankshaft configurations do not necessarily need a cylinder head at all because they
can instead have a piston at each end of the cylinder called an opposed piston design. Because
fuel inlets and outlets are positioned at opposed ends of the cylinder, one can achieve uniflow
scavenging, which, as in the four-stroke engine is efficient over a wide range of engine speeds.
Thermal efficiency is improved because of a lack of cylinder heads. This design was used in
the Junkers Jumo 205 diesel aircraft engine, using two crankshafts at either end of a single bank
of cylinders, and most remarkably in the Napier Deltic diesel engines. These used three
crankshafts to serve three banks of double-ended cylinders arranged in an equilateral triangle
with the crankshafts at the corners. It was also used in single-bank locomotive engines, and is
still used in marine propulsion engines and marine auxiliary generators.

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