oe
Prunriae sndtcalors sp"
Mut Ear eT thay
“tt aa fat that.
 
> ants of Living ose v. gh un Salton V
nigh ates me hose hel
— Tre cOmpanits flat an pnmedtate ynfvurt
having thir fradquarte sv vale
Arnguminh
Prumix Tr doug was fleuung too ast and thoy
ios noulure for any ont Living in Pore
tn erdur 10 sdcapt sn tims.
conduuuston t= No ont Liviha th Pompe csuld awe
guswived ths sup tion f me: visuycus.
Promneae * No one Jouhg an Pemput could hau
powivd tht pupton q mb: Vaud
gndusoa * Th account of He guratpliten sin Pompull
°
wos cot ation by aM ee
— Promise :- Anmal dutin MADE ADhits
(nds tbat Arun al taking RNeuIMM ME mace,
gustoprunt 4 coornitiis aNd blhun purtonal et oi
   
P Prarnsia i In quant wou, susmbsts hous
duisloprd duopur and fost abtisnalis, rntthods
d sisting de bortiuly Sass preduss thal do
nok aqui phe ude of anina) Apurnens
cpa dsisubn “i cafsty Stal, on animals oye
Gpaolustaly pane usa and. Ahold he banned
5S indudibn and Dsdudtion
prude arguments CVolid | Iovalid)
con dsssb folleis the prumitss sult rucsiily
en= AU jdudieds cp thd apse date aru
| inkdigurt.
sfldhork 1% a skudsnl sn Mus dose
* sfddhard & dntalligant.
pate te a
Cooduton flows hy prumists U probability
eat mork of the dbudurts wn ths dare ou
 
Vo & a ttudint th thé dase
Be Virof 4 tpg.
AU the prumisss oo true and wodiuston i fal
Sound | Uns ound
we js no covid en northyen Indig
pun Dolhi fe th northern India
New Dihi muds no plan 10 malt mensusus» This ws a valid onigumant hud unsound pecan,
one of ths sboternunts 1s fale
> Snyabid
— 9 Uns ound
ax gurrunts au. unspsund by dsfouls.
ety urs can ba valid
Unsound ash umrunt
Om of the pdatrments ts fal
Example ;.
Aw shudinks ase Deus
AU phudsnls or gh
oe AU gids asus boys
—» Invalid umunk. i
beds the fuuth fhu wonduston ton he
pvt bard on th buth of the pies.
> Fore valid urunk,
uth 4 the wndusion or be ouwiltid baud on
ty pruuth of the pournists
ore
sound |\olid
AU humane frame fuont  — Trust
pwanh fo a human — Tout.
2 pwanth has hook — Thee
Sound | Valid
ram ple +
 
 
po (B smosn than uP
Goa i» small than UP
~ pala i mall than Goa
5 trvalid ard unsound.
sound + Stotimut xa bun; 2G Sooke akudink get 4°
— wrak oxgumit roms of lew pretotlt
ou ae ip marbla un a hex
a tm ae bur
them is sad
= Te geebability Bat th nod manble piled
 
4
ot Thy blue!
= sheerg axeuumnt braier of high
Abdudiioa Rater
TS hypahack 3 found fern the made cbuscvatiins
The pudidiien | hy pélhuus aoa oe
ducky te ty yads cheswallens
  
 
gzampls
a JB desly slabs fe the uxteol
=e awilcat Bouve * gn but. Lo
pou jeu, piano ee al ae
iosual “
— ae
Example
Te munkek i aumembot af the moogesst family
Au mumbou th merge, fail au
cosyTeulon, if pias bblouys thok ths musckas Y
BO pnt yet
— Didnt Ang asmiods
Example -
Tho. ate Psappliisad) thet etanate, in a t
lie Nhe thd cen eae 4
—> Dedudiin eae
AW prumbuis sr 0 dats one tnd dad sn
onstux dass
Eu AU prudsrs axe BITSIANS.
Be 2 eae Apart,
— Serre mun
< daw
wD
Ex: Serre sudinls are 7
_5 Two Jatus one holly unduded prem sash
ex: Cults and THanglis
pine gull Propositions
pion e A fa oe
Eee s= Subjut
as P= Pradicabe
Ex- pi) phudirts usho wu ptudreuw pre fogee
ae Si  pkudsrts whe osu skudcous
prudiicods :- Dope sbudants
Onivoual negation CE)
Nos & P P
Ex Wo unde ane Buanglispaxtioulan af finaline (2)
com S OP
gar Som pouksdlans ars mabuadoes
pystslan affpiemabne Ce)
Som Sb nat P
ex Some ndfant osu ast NAIS
dasificabinn bowd 60 Gualihy
“pfpeiznatinn
— vat yyual
ace Si peli
—= PE ta } a
Jospin do Daant eee anti
Unt vstsal
—> ont vsual adit We fantusual
pane pee L Aut [univ
Post uLox
— porti alas affuimatioe
—> porttalar rage eer
Frompls i
 A prunpoailiantex No wd wu xfangts
“so [EL] proposition, :
str [hak] and [psd Jon [al a
exe 10 EZ], [ud], 29 [0] ,[pudtab]
squars. oalton
i ~ ES ah 4 A neta ©,
 
 
 
Gall shodints wu mpy — True cA) C4) => guten
Ho seudinks Xt Uupy- Fale Ce)
sons studints axe - Tu. (P
soos. skuderts a5 not altipy - Folie (0)
Q NO phudsnts are wupy — paw CE) Cf) => ou
oe .
soma pkudurts Ste dard — Fabs cx)
| Sore students axa net = Tux (0)
9 All padinfi oa politidans — Fale =e gir (A)
No ptudants aru politidans — can't say (©
some ghudinbs ax pelibicians ~ can'b say C=)
| Sone tudsrts osu net polit scfans - Tur Co)
@ No phudents are polittctan — Fale — quun
AIL atudant ave politicians t Pah
some thudints as. pobitfuans - True®
®
Example
) Som students ase not yacunalid-
 
oe odes — T
ghudins ae sundus — Gr ma
se eae nti om not suoduts — art tay
, phudinh os suadet — Folie v
Sem phudints ase nef suadvu ~ True
all udu ae wiadvu- Fale
Ne students axe suadeis — can't 4
pe
Stru gtudints asu suodss — cant 4
Some shudinis aoe wrlllig ect - folie > gig
AU gkudunte one srkelbigark - abe
Ne studi an wnkelli de — bee
Some studunts gtu net arb elltgent ~ howe
fate = ging
AU atudints au vacuhahd - Tru
Some skududs ase vacunatid ~ Tou
Ne studin& au varupatd - Fale
i Sa abbens f 5,0 puspubluely
TO awe ibe BSO flee mia
Suppalkset allison beuuth of the
dubaltsuns
wae A & bus — 2 6 buy
wr 6 & bur 08 Bue
Subaltecrs offdim the falitly of the
tuperalturns
wh 2 lols —> A & fol
Whe 8 & fale —> © i fale—
the tub cont say
ca 'f 4
t 4 44 forms putin, tense Osu,
i oujakallis and hard sons) hie:
what 9 the Youth vaso 4 wppaston th
por? :
subvolnany of 0m 2
0 =e Some puciows syns 09 not oupstalling
and jard substtanus.
I => Som pructous thea ays, oy bashins aud
hard Aubstonuz => frue
Supocoltenn X TBA
ALL pruuous sens axe oeyhallinn ica
pbstaus wn ta
ex douse Djsbsububin
_5Inh => fut i diubdbutid
> in& => Beth subjut ond prudicat au
dnb seth ubid
2 TnL => nuit hubfuk nor pradicab ase
dist sib ubd
In => Prudtcale i dibxibutid
“Smead, Sofitanues. soferanie
_» tonisnuon > Gp RUMan conti pene
=) Coaveuton hor peopoulion Cposseble)
Som S$ & P= Gv 3
=. Wa intwuhange aubjat and pradicate
© Seme Pe S=> cenveuL
Senne 5 & P and Some P w S how th Lome— Gavouten fore propos tion Cpessibls) ,
No S i& P —=> wnvwutind
*% satwuhange S and P
NoP & ¢ > conwpur
Nos P and Nop S thou tht tame
meanin
 
> Grvpuion fer 0 proposillén | Cnet Pesathy
Some s is ast P => conwilind
ces So ee oe |
Som val phecdtrds
am
— how cenvurttind and conve hows difount
mmtanings and pune Loe wLLLEn eis
— toavwuron fc prop wiilion (Limitid)
2 MUO wb P
= sem Ss i Pp
ot Som 6 bo (Sy bmikatten)
Com .
— das
ae ia uakth shou a commen
i hasa complunnt — non- class
= fp whith des not huleng 40 0 claus
Ex:- Animal aw dass
+ Than, gods the.
dau Beda a ant boop. fe aa Se propane.
own eat ah
   
 
abicur and shaxiind hams Bu dame ~——y
pe = peeptnll: — ebvouda (peak)
> pe atudn am intelligent bugs > shunted
aul gtudeds gu sean dntaltgant a ey
— xm
2 cern palibidtant au maudia = otvoilind
al
Bee.
Sount. peutidens oon aot ace - i
<=> ebveue
__. sore enonDbywuon for 0 proportion nee
—> Som politiuans au nb ae minal
> Obvetnd
Some polikiuan au non
=> bbyours
— som manning
— Obwuten %
hoy ea
a possible
ee
— T= pesiible
— Grbnop esiion
— ia A a aE
pe le th pn lh th
plumint qf thy zcbjub.
tpt ak tid fo.
Corkapacitsan pera (possibls)
Si polibiutans au minuto
All non ministirs aXe non— polikvevans
— same meanui.
cont naposilion fo © ( pressble
~> Som apbudunt au not polibiuans
Som nen —politidans ase nat non-
students.
> sams mtaun '
enbrsapositiin fo" 6° cdvwt contiap cal bie &
a nok possible)yo ekudests axe broshurts -
& rout fad the ebyeus
aul studinls ase non - Lrahuis, —s obvoue
Ls New fund Hu conveteo of thes statimant (obyyue)
AL skudsals @u den- draw => convurtind
5 some tk pen- badwu axe Atudinls > convistsr
sous pind Hh shuwae {th gpotiee
| some nen — bathors wu not non —studinty
> entrap edibine q No studials aru trate,
cass _dinikations a.
Als & P a .
a Som pis $ Chmitalienr)
onknopeatiion
Noro
some nin P vst nen Ss (lmlbatién)
exompls 2
@ ALL politiaans ate igi ag. rexits
@no mnuleu aXe non politiatans (tou | fol
—» Take Hu sbypue of Hats mint ©
AU murals axe pelibuians ©
— Tok shyeue 4®
No vmenatins au noo pettb fans
— Take (enviar 4 ®
Some pelikiaans ase mrites ©Or ee a aie a Ns ale
> Take edaviwue 4 ©
Some ministou are potitsrcans @
New concilon statement ©
Some polltstdans ara munis bs — rug
ty ALL potitddans Ou mints = but
® Gb obtained prom @
(@ 3 Bae]
No prinitoy ase aon - pellttuars = due
Example ~
— Al politidans au mnutes > pun
Toulth | Fabty a >
@® Sor nen — yermbrs ae ast nen - pti,
— Tae antrnpocitin { @, aut get
® som politicians me ast mincitos
® = false statimnt suk , All prtitiuans
au minding 6 bye
eam
— AL polikivans osu mumbo 4
Toeetth | Falsity 4°
@ No asn politidans at asa - mhuibia
Take _eontrapoutiie d ©
® No minutus ou pelitfatans
eee
 
 
No polittcians at minibse <2 fasPig) 2 base |
Anprnsst with dahon popes sions ( Tio
prs Le and bt won dusubr) ae
a bburm, 2 propos bre, th fem seryes
ay a burn
| yop an ;
Ap ars mn inkipnt Lge
ll Re pwn b @ i
gil gids aoe fob big art eae
 
 
ey
5 Tue prssies L Ths proportions
ea) 3 on en dusBe 4 me 2
| us toms sudsals , give and eet
OAS compurtins arte soho 4 pus pallirns
fo hari Liaw tangs , 48 ak carpenter “su
jyndvows oft. pouom , pre all dintsous
cops puters aus peopl. whe wa
patuns oh fornthinn :
5 ondstor :- Ab coorpen bors ase duntxous
of pours CA)
wings _jpare + comperef] eae 8 and
plople yuhe at nua patvent 4h
thangs «(A
— miner prumie © Ay) cpentoe au people sh,
Au uy patton sn fami Lian ange. cA)
— middt tom: naw paltoms sr fambbian
Hungs
~ nt i ougetl api «
> Pedes Depinds on + eeraes
Fa thy about wamplr, tu meod Us AAQ,
Figuous of Cabgerteal ay logeion §
SE Seo ce
Sat cee Gine a
 
 
 
MP i
anu ‘Su
as SOP
and fg a
ieee p Md
ms ne
net all moods ov valid uh all figures.
ee
only Ez0 mocd 1 Valid
a ee ne
ee=
 
oes, ule and Fi allay.
—s mithale un Hasonsig whith, sill
pul
patella abe wnat 3 hous»
i he eee
Fallacy
fiodi, te snvalidity «-
Thou
@® Avstd A bone.
Ths avtiins whin we use Bu tame oun in
iors muonsngs. Ts mans
ne dae oe Ta
ps axgurrunt Cin beth Bu eceusourues
4 wey bed
ext NO mun ax made Gf paper
AL pe As “men
3 so Spigot a pe
ects ase
ths a besk
Pagu> Mico ag EaD P ht
Pape can onan AS at
polls, putas Lh.
07M ty lial ee ot RocatlenSound Pravils nao fut pet ausnd
ris enouulid gs 4 pudtory 43 dound,
TAG noulidge of Mboey Bh Bab euhith tray
Hao fut pur decend
— Ambiguous middle (send)
@ middle bom mut be olutsubutid ofthat once.
in the prumian
af met, hk undistributed fallow
BALL mun a shbalttgenk — C4) ‘
Some frarhots are inti thigert (3)
Sem bhabkws an min (3)
wntddle tuun:- intelligent.
Frbibltgunt 4b olisbecibuted avithen cr the
major ‘pumas not dn tht miner prumiie
<1 TB axgumint commiale pin duck xibuutid
AU fraubou ou atudinls (A)
Au bus osu frarhus. CA)
CD
aes
= at *
meadle forun 6 distsibutid oblast onus.
run the angen Vela
@ Ary toon ahh diteibutish & tty concluutin
wnutt te diskydbucd sn the promizep ge rion bounty disksdbud in the csgdurinn
a dnt pn ths mint punts 0 Wye ?
a hal
tar major Loun 2, itt cutie 4, yd
I, nat in ths mofo purist —> Wik vafon
   
LDH
     
en biLbbn
x
on
eee AL poitidans avs thashaus cy Foley
ee No polite uans su phudink (E)
» lo sbudinls au hohe. (2)
poser —> dat ributid yn won duibe CE)
:, 5 nat daksibubtd sh major prune
bid major fallacy
| gat we phudinl» ay Prous ( E)
Ay abudents ase. gous (A)
a) gee nou Porhuu (E)
Jeane
Get ao duksibutid wi conduscien CE),
gids <9 rst dintecib ated sn
pramnine (A)
mm ULtelt inet fata,
fron tue nigabine prada no cond ae
be ;
| he, ib b folly of mnechurive (oem
& No Srdions a. Russiore (e)
No Rwuons 8 Pakistani Ce)
 
10 conclusion
Ono coockution dreausn fear 2 particular
pop ‘ \
F ;© Fem twe univeual pepalins, 28 pasta,
cendusise won ft down:
Fallay ; Exiatential Fallacy
Breout 3,0 =» haw enistntcal feud
E2 All habitants meen au hapa
==> sense inhabitant d mem au happy
   
A—$z
SAM shudints axe gtllunink beings 0)
AU bili bugs ae geds (A)
sont gl epee,
sar = Svabid benuse of aM! hotly
EAD = net valid.
@ Tf eu f te pumilss 4 partiulos , cenduus,
vruat be paxttalon
3] on of th prams A eup afoee, the
cenduuten mk be eget
Ex AU studinb asa 9
 
No pe au inte pelitiu
+ No 6 who & intoushd up politi
& a studint
_, Valid mrt > 28 follouss
EAE Ey Oe e
4 pepe.
— Exoscists
wsih sn stardasa foun Ard chek the vali
f te asqumatspwo maxathen unnwe aer imskee, | ———
thas shore:
snanathir runic, lass abstr 2:
all smokurs axe aveolit 2
% t
ey
concluseOn z- JQ mM. wate t
~_ ateabinn addieds. CE)
major Poumee ?- Ay soe,
- addids (A)
Mines Prumit:- No m ome al
amaokuu. CE)
nce => mood
Majer foun “nicotine addicts” 4 dist ibutial in
pe on diaibn but TES nat aitscbatl
pu majo prumie —> Lbtit ri Laan
@ Some photog aphex au oat Sanath cP
put all orn ate yrditrin prions , oe
uihith ik follouus thot some photog fron
qu nt atts
oe
Hoje pum Ad anbits ae anibi
manor pe ic seme phelegnaphos -
 
riding pourns -
 
(onclusiba :- Some phalag naphirs er at
oui.
=> valid arg amit
—~ A00 mood
—, and fpow
|O mF —~9 =>
SM =Fo
concluntin =?
 
Th asigumint ws valid . Fibd the atawnaod » igs ii  /?
mp O = Al Ma P=» May (oe purus
8M + 0 => Com S se M wep erunwh prurnisa
SP +0 a soe
+O8" som S bf
@mr= 0 —
eB? =O = Conds s9
 
mn pnt Parnas
—+ The extgununt ay valid
— find “the mafox prose
 
Me= 0 => ANM 4S
SP +O => Som su P P
may or pum howd ba aff our Siu ard
Pp ast usdon.
 
Major purse ‘s
= ust bs Ds Al ahs. s
non 5S net oe did sibubid
Som § &M
pM +O
“+ Som M & P ot
MP=p 0
pms0 => AM P A
sp =0 =o | No & & not P
Mine pum: =» should be Misa and
raga Crcouat of yale ©,@ ard
uno plume => Ho mM 4s [Ho sinFe ae MS =
sme0 © sistemas it ia as
diay nom Rapo-esentalion 4 1A, Sup
lL studinks ast uc) a
ie o / yaliid.
i
nn
Bhs
All boxy wu studurts
» Au Bei ax good bugs . J
saat
P= A bai
m= Satudenls
 
Au hatspuhos xu unithteal =? major proms.
Ho pnathé cal prop. au dame oros — mnt
fad pe cendusion hb axig unas ts valid
4 Condlusubr Nodemovints ans pratis pods
Van
amo ae Pp ¢ hatas pra chute)
AU padusprches are
unethical
m(unthical)
No 4
- wuurhicol Du deme cints
|| Jolene cali wen raneliuide sami
The aviqumunt & valid btcause th woduson folly,
— xt ‘ep minnie ao fatlaut
Example
All shudunts ase politicians
AU palitutan, axt mbt
AML miniitos ote Abudirbs
Majer Aven = hudunts
mines boom 2 inaitons
middle Luim ;. poliiuans —» dittreibatid attost
_, manatva gh the miner foun and fue ik a aby,
not dite bulid ch fe rune Pumar
> emma th flay of Weak rune.
a umint 2s sh valid.
2sbeD
crepes PC shunts)
ro (politsietans)
_. uo Bhd Venn dfag kam =» if dow ast
fottous thad Al mirtutou ae students.
Exampl :
AL mincities are p obititutans
No  pelitiuan oxt frais
No frothow oh mink’ pu
==> valid oe rman A »
S
Chahuu) CO
m( shed polit'vans)r, ample +
yu phudurts are pt
yo indints are
1 NO boxe are gud
a walid Wide maf fall.aug
do) ( Mei
bp Cay)
Dnt stuart)
| 5 quinn conduation dou not fotleur
about vann dita tan pan a
example =
Ap boy are sbudints
Some baut ou thudisusr Selngs.
i. Som phudibus bungs axe sbudunb
| 3
(studi tuge) ¢ P(abudinb)
m Coeys)
| valid axgumant from Vann aion Ham
Exampk :-
Some shudurla ase poutivans
Au wu studints
“ot seme qouls axe polibidant
Seen ns! titel ub
=) pndistsdb utid pollo
=> invalid axgurunt.ge & 6 (polit ans)
m
cobudints)
es aviguurh peo tht venn CS
Exampls t~
Al studints ae clup bigs
a tiaee es
cued gts ae ed
sm angumunt & vali
ad)
cgi) CZ eCatudunb)
rE
5 conclusion follows from te Vann duagaam
Exarnplt :-
oe
area
‘a
 
s (dlupy huings) Ase) * Cabudsrds)
ay
m (boy)
> Tovalid axgumart ili major fatsa= spm
b= sem
bak, pee
d => sme
a2 = sem
& => ems
=> Mee
 
Shadi [3]ouos f qe a valid
Guun 2- MPS =O.
cogumnt °
jpn shade asua & —> sor a
News we faut,
vem P |MOP dim mo major promos
va pe pt fe Be
Pre. wo univeual frou ut de aot
owe parbiulax prams os wu one allewd
only te phade and rst mank ~ cuss"
 woduuie & Ne Ss oP
Te pnd thy inex pum ,
minot pure conn de rag absiie , ie mut be
aff Sematint and univoual. st should a
Sand mond S mut be daksihuted
Au ¢ kM = mint pram .
)Exavnpl
seonplt :-
whih fue aur nud to be shadid bo gt a valig
 
apuricous encom ple pulth,
d sm? =o.
     
 
 
 
Bre nagen a, ue gut
yo SA M | NoM & S —> -mingy ppumus
Shad _ragion b, at gat
fos & P
The axgament nous obtaiud & srvalid
sadt_vagin bh _mubiad fds wet gt
AU Sd mn xo[rmine premise]
Shaan pugibn @ 5 wae get
AM_S& P s[eondusba 7
= Tm obtaued axqumend cull he valid
ai iExample
Gain 2
 
spm=0
MPS =O
Whith ens aua should be marked to gt a
valitd a
 
Guilin No PB 0 Pk ms mayo prumiut
WO SG P—> nota posable conchuissn bo cous
wo connst shade 6
count ee eae
+, conchusis shoud be nag alin
” vaodyin eeee
runen pode 2
seme S & M ot Some M S
and we should ole snsure that
Some S& net Ph
 
© that can be
2 only the sar) tray
mastid to qt a oe CsmP+0)setae dias donc a alte ak
pe of Arak athe Loge
> (Bmp eLind potiments OME net usta
> Oaks hou Hips» of propositions are usd (rer,
Seca bals hege.
he Oe 5 Se ee
fy pus
— Simpl skatiment and Grogan Habre
— than land | Shara ~~ i
—sihthan & 0 skudink => adnple
r
Examplis=> Prople auess tht hase xapertia.
alaxmd animal avioux in te suun-up do
natwial dirastou —» winplt stad munt
_, Russia shvadid Ubiain tr 204 and ui
tb fovdtery. -» compound atatt mut oa
+ Truth pancduomal con nba,
v1 Conjun dibn - and > Sybeh A’ #10"
gr Edusin B a BITSIAN and b a atudsat
capt al ptties pye ud do aymb olt peaprenint
ps akoliments CA-2) 4 a
Edwin & a BITSIAN C anjent)
s: Edwin & to shudiunt (enyet)
Ens = Edwin & giTsiAN and 2 akudent
Truth valus cae depends 8° the fyusth valus of
Eand $
f Ens to be brut beth EandS must be bus
— Thue thou asu A pesteble combsh abtons for
fh. compound atatimunt ENS:
Ee hu ot fole ne, * S
S => bps ot fale wombinaliens
vy ae und to ent
shatumunk verrtables. es
Exe an— péjundisn — ce
— Tuo Hypa ivlaln and sonia
Ex Spdusive disjun dior CV?
— sth 5 be fo mad oF
mule.
et Thi fo ruad
m + Uk to Lala fo muse
um <> crue disfundion
sr nedutie be dowel. 0 pouure van bile to Yad
Jilin to mudi.
a erees
 
 
> 4F ject ‘is
F eee
2 Nigablon > Ft 6 not fr cow that. ‘7! '~)
TH us nok the com th at = de be
Pe
Prowel
P mel,
+ F
e T
(R)
pat Neth am C_ inteneatidilen sending rai
Gy Wakanig ere,
a (ev)
exprnplts :-
eelae i, Sthn 2 shud oa tear and
fa 8 inkoustid ur politi
oe puprusuntation » [v7.0 A]
and ohne ea ee ue ot
wu, rave “used sncltuselat Barco
ieee TH
y = Fale
2 = not known |
end th truth value rt be phatirrunt.
1{ Lowey) v ox) v [7207] }
vf [ay axjJe Cnaznr)h
~{ [gabe v pole] y (Tre [fol » bd}
££ fate] 2 (Tre [fale n fale) }SOON Fi Petia a a kL cents 2 wal
~f fale ¥ fale | 2
» f fale | = bur
TN dsm (bus fabs)
[¢ oun (ezex) |x
C ( faba v trun fal’) 9 Cum Hae Uy
nN Tou
L (fabs v buw Jfole) (Aun) ] 2 THe,
iy ae fake fale
LC ( fats v falar) 9 (bua) Jn bow
[Chau n (hua) ] n bane
fale 9 bru
é fouls
mse fake rus
[ (babe ute) n( baw) ] 0 Brus
( Usun) n (bus) ] nn bee
 
Bye on bow
Aru
4 Toauth | faity tannet be detwremsreel
) inline Si
Ex: yet dy Cal than you get
@ = arbadebjmp Liallons sr dy mboltc ie
Thou con fy dif [unt foun
=> coms offut foun
| ne pullin botuvsin antuadirl ard
conse yun ‘ a,
— dvod sin phications of depirsltore
r | (ami)
eee
a as
1 F
Fee ai
F o |
J
+ makwutal Eqplvalinn ¢ =)
ae
@ yard) yf thse
athnds te dass ora es
paar atch tee
4.44
v
Ae = abode gyn yy, 3 willl
A and t path au but,
Ue pe dag ial squint
pav
   
>
fe
F
Tr
7745 |~-
PeeatOP Las
ae 4
y—> False
Bey pole
peasaryn (Bend Ae
okay y S6e
Fe cts
eg es TOL
-(A—>8) # (84)
SG ad lopreally sural + (0 ~ 2)
dt A bow and 8 — bus
tun (Ame) 6 boule and (BA) & aly |
bru.
18 (A=6) = (04) & abe hus
now Mt A —> bus and 6 —> folie
(A—8) => fol
(8 =A) => bu
false = fut = falee
all wm nals, (4 26) = (BA) i
not byuse
yun, (A +6) (8 A)
No too cal nayst valine.
(48) = (vAv8)
@ Te aie T
ae x Hi (-Av8)
Ja
TBun ts itahmutd fal
ft stabount con br bee | fale Hare
t be detsunund.
 
we ius srduding te suena
causing Be coved—19 O ase neither news
wrexpubed (Sas < A
Tcuou) [| Oop mntxpuulad
Ts muting posal y Fearne all |
fae pla - ‘Russia! dew nt srvode
Ukxaune. ae |
(m—e) 1 ara?
2 ead Frome will tak
i rip anvads Ukxathe.
(~ Ra)
on = nubs
k= Rusia
 
3033 #9p) = hogical equi vali