Practical Problem 3

Hangers &
Supports
Common Types of
Pipe Hangers
Hangers and
Supports
Pipe Clamps
THREADED
PRODUCTS
CONCRETE INSERTS
Beam Clamps
Bracke
ts
Pipe Slides,
Supports,
Anchors,
and Shields
Pipe
Rollers
Types of Hangers and Supports

*Adjustable Beam C lamp

Adjustable Double Roller Guide
Adjustable ‘J’ Hanger
Adjustable Pipe Saddle Support
Adjustable Split Ring Swivel Hanger
Adjustable Steel Yoke Pipe Roll
Adjustable Swivel Ring
Anchor Chairs
Beam C lamp
Ceiling Flange
Extended Clevis Hanger
Extension Spit Pipe C lamp
Flat Top Clevis Hanger
Insulation Protection Shield with Tabs
Light Duty Clevis Hanger
Light Duty M alleable C-Clamp
M alleable Iron Beam C lamp
M alleable Iron C-Clamp without Locknut
M arine Hanger
Offset Pipe C lamp
Pex bend support 90 deg
Pex Hanger – SnapClip
Pex Hanger – Strap down
Pipe Roll with Sockets
Pipe Saddle Support with U-bolt
Ring and Bolt Hanger
Standard Clevis Hanger
Standard Pipe Clamp
Standard Pipe Strap
Standard Riser C lamp
Steel Beam C lamp
Steel C -Clamp
Straight ‘J’ Hook
Suspension Rod Pipe c lamp
Top Beam Clamp
Underground Clamp
Vee Bottom Clevis Hanger
Wide Jaw Top Flange C-Clamp
Z-Purlin Beam C lamp
MISCELLANEOUS
SYMBOLS
IDENTIFYING AND
SELECTING
PLUMBING
MATERIALS AND
FITTINGS
TYPESOF MATERIALS

• PLASTIC
• COPPER TUBING
• MALLEABLE IRON PIPE
• CASTE IRON SOIL PIPE
• VITRIFIED CLAY PIPE
PLASTIC

• Characteristics:
• Low Initial Cost
• Ease Of Assembly
• Lightweight
• Corrosion Resistant
• Low friction loss
• Fire resistant
• Maintenanc e free
TYPES OF PLASTIC

*ABS (Acrylonitrite-Butediene-Styrene)
*Pvc (Polyvinyl Chloride)
*CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride)
*PE (Polyethelyne)
*PB (Poybutylene)
ABS (Acrylonitrite-Butediene-Styrene)
•Uses:
Sanitary Drainage
Vent Piping
Storm Water Drainage
• Size Availability:
1 1/4- 6 inch
diameter 10 ft or 20
ft. lengths
PVC (Polyvinyl C hloride)
Uses:
• C old water lines
• Drains
• Irrigation
Size Availability:
• 1/2” to 4” diameter
• 10 and 20 ft. lengths
CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride)
Uses:
• Cold and hot water lines
•High temperature and pressure lines
Size Availability:
• 1/2” ND 3/4” diameter
• 10 ft. lengths
PE (Polyethelyne)
• Uses:
• Underground water servic e

• Size Availability:
3/4 to 2” diameter
100 ft. coils
PB (Polybutylene)
• Uses:
• For heating applications in
domestic and commercial

• Size Availability:
½” or 1” marked with
PB2110
100 ft. coils
*Copper Pipe
Characteristics:
Resists c orrosion
A cc epted by every plumbing c ode
Will float burn or support c ombustion and
decompose to toxic gases
Easy to join
Easily formable
Lightweight
Economical
TYPE K (GREEN)
Uses:
• Domestic water
• Service and distribution
• Fire protection
• Solar
• Fuel/fuel oil
•HVAC
Available Sizes:
• Straight lengths:Y4” to 8” 20 ft.
• Coils: W’ to 1” - 100 ft.
TYPE L (Blue)
• Uses:
• Domestic water
• Servic e and distribution
• Fire protection
• Solar
• Fuel/fuel oil
• Liquefied petroleum (LP) gas
• HVAC
• Snow melting
•Size Availability:
• Straight lengths: 4” to 8” 20 ft.
• Coils: W’ to 1” — 100 ft.
TYPE M (Red)
USES:
Domestic water
• Service and distribution
• Fire protection
• Solar
• Fuel/fuel oil
• Liquefied petroleum (LP) gas
• HVAC
• Snow melting
• Size Availability:
• Straight lengths:1” to 2”- 20 ft
• No coils
DWV (Yellow)
Uses:
Drain
•Waste
Vent
• Solar
• HVAC
Size Availability:
•Straight lengths:1” to 8”- 20
ft.
• No coils
M alleable Iron Pipe
• Characteristics:
• strong
• susceptible to rust a nd corrosion
• diffic ult to install
• Uses:
• drain pipes
• hot and cold supply
• Size Availability:
• 1/2” to 12” diameter
• 21’ lengths-c ut pipe available
Cast Iron Soil Pipe
• CHARACTERISTICS
• Versatile
• Adaptable for use in all types of building
• Low-Cost Installation.
• Cast iron soilpipe c an be preassembled
• Product readily available
• USES
• sanitary and storm drain
• waste and vent piping applic ations
• SIZEAVAILABILITY
• 11/2” to 12” diameter
• 5’ AND 10’ lengths
Vitrified Clay Pipe
ADVANAG ES OF VITRIFIED C LAY PIPE
• CHARACTERISTICS:
• Life expectancy over 100 years
•Chemically inert resistant attack from solvents, acids. alkalis.
gases, etc.
• Low fric tion c oeffic ient.
• Structural Integrity Inherent load bearing
• Resistant to root penetration and leakage
• Abrasion resistance
• Handling: easy to handle and install
• Economical
• USES
•sanitary and storm drain
•waste and vent piping applications
• SIZE AVAILABILITY
11/2” to 12” diameter
5’ AND 10’ lengths
TESTS
FORWATERCLOSET
Flushing
performance
▶The flushing performance requirements for a water closet are found in ANSI/ American
Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
▶ The test includes:
1. Ball removal test
2. . Granule Test
3. Ink Test
4. Dye Test
5. Water Consumption Test
6. Trap Seal Restoration Test
7. Water Rise Test
8. Back Pressure Test
9. Rim Top and Seat fouling Test
10. Drainline c a rry test
Ball
Removal
TestThe
▶ ball removal test utilizes 100 polypropylene balls that are ¾inch
in diameter.
▶ The water closet must flush at least an average of 75 balls on the
initial flush of three different flushes.
▶ The polypropylene balls are intended to replicate the density of
human feces.
Granule
Test
▶ The granule test utilizes approximately 2,500 disc – shaped granules
of polyethylene.
▶ The initial flush of three different flushes must result in no more than
125 granules on average remaining in the bowl.
▶ The granule test is intended to simulate a flush of watery feces
(diarrhea).
Ink
Test
▶ The ink test is performed on the inside wall of the water closet bowl.
▶ A felt – tip marker is used to draw a line around the inside of the
bowl. After flushing, no individual segment of line can exceed ½
inch.
▶ The total length of the remaining ink line must not exceed 2 inches.
▶ Thistest determines that the water flushes all interior surfaces of the
bowl.
Dye
Test
▶ The Dye Test uses a colored dye added to the water closet’s trap
seal.
▶ The concentration of the dye is determine both before and after
flushing the water c loset.
▶ A dilution ratio 100:1 must be obtained for each flush.
▶ This test determines the evacuation of urine in the trap seal.
Water
Consumption Test
▶ The water consumption test determines that the water closet meets
the federal mandate of 1.6 gpf.
Trap Seal
Restoration Test
▶ The trap seal restoration test determines that the water closet refills
the trap of the bowl after each flush.
▶ The remaining trap seal must be a minimum of 1 inches in depth.
Water Rise
Test
▶ The water rise test evaluates the rise of water in the bowl when the
water closet is flushed.
▶ The water cannot rise above a point 3 inches below the top of the
bowl.
Back
Pressure Test
▶ The back pressure test is used to determine that the water seal
remains in place when exposed to a back pressure (from the outlet
side of the bowl) of 2 ½inches of water column (wc).
▶ Thistest determines that no sewer gas will escape through the fixture
when high pressure occurs in the drainage system piping.
Rim Top and Seat
Fouling Test
▶ The rim top and seat fouling test determines if the water splashes
onto the top of the rim or seat of the water c loset.
▶ Thistest ensures that the used does not encounter a wet seat when
using the water closet.
Drainline
Carry Test
The drainline carry test determines the performance of the water
▶
closet’s flush.
▶ The water closet is connected to a 4 – inch drain 60 feet in length
pitched ¼ inch per foot.
▶ The same 100 polypropylene balls used in the flush test are used in
the drainline cary test.
▶ The average carry distance of all the polypropylene balls must be 40
feet.
▶ This test determines the ability of the water closet to flush the
contents in such a manner that they properly flow down the
drainage piping.
Installation
Requirements
▶ The water closet must be properly connected to the drainage
piping system.
▶ For floor – mounted water closets, a water closet flange is attached
to the piping and permanently secured to the building.
▶ For wood frame buildings, the flange is screwed to the floor.
▶ For concrete floors,the flange sitson the floor.
Installation
Requirements
▶ Non corrosive closet bolts connect the water closet to the floor
flange.
▶ The seal between the floor flange and the water closet is made with
either a wax ring or an elastomeric sealing connection.
▶ The connection formed between the water closet and the floor
must be sealed with caulking or tile grout.
▶ For wall – hung closets, the fixture must connect to a wall carrier. The
carrier must transfer the loading of the water closet to the floor.
▶ A wall – hung water closet must be capable of supporting a load of
500 pounds at the end of the water closet. When the water closet is
connected to the carrier, none of this load can be transferred to the
piping system.
▶ Water closet carriers must conform to ANSI/ASME.
TESTS
FORURINALS
Urinal
s
▶ A urinal was developed as a fixture to expedite the use of a toilet
room.
▶ It is designed for the removal of urine and the quick exchange of
users.
▶ Low-flow (0.5 gpf), ultra-low-flow (0.125 gpf) , and waterless urinals
are becoming more common in LEED-certified buildings.
▶ Urinals with an integral trap must be capable of passing a ¾ -inch-
diameter ball.
▶ The outlet connection istypically 2 inches in diameter.
▶ Stall and washdown urinals can have a 1 ½-inch outlet with an
external 1 ½ -inch trap.
▶ Waterless urinals are used in many jurisdiction as a means to reduce water
consumption.
▶ Waterless urinals utilize a cartridge filled with a biodegradable liquid sealant.
▶ Urine is heavier than the sealant, so it flows through the cartridge while leaving
the sealant.
▶ According to manufacturer literature, a typical cartridge lasts for 7,000 uses.
▶ Waterless urinals are also inexpensive to install.
▶ The waste and vent piping are the same, but no water piping is required.
▶ The inside walls of the urinals must be washed with a special solution on a
periodic basis for proper sanitation.
Flushing
Performance
▶ The flushing performance for a urinal is regulated by ANSI/ASME A
112.19.6.
▶ There are three tests for urinals:
1. the ink test
2.dye test
3.water c onsumption test
Flushing
Requirements
▶ With the federal requirementsforwater consumption, urinalsmust
be flushed with a flushometer valve
▶ The valve can be either manually or automatically actuated.
▶ A urinal flushometer valve has a lower flush volume and flow rate
than a water closet flushometer valve.
▶ The total volume is1 gpf, and the peak flow rate is15 gpm.
▶ The water distribution system must be properly sized for the peak
flow rate for the urinal.
▶ Urinal flushometer valves operate the same as water closet
flushometer valves.
Lavatori
es A lavatory isa washbasin used for personal hygiene.
 ▶
 ▶ In public locations,
a lavatory is intended to be used for
washing one’s
hands and face.
 ▶ Residential lavatories are intended for hand and
face washing, shaving, applying makeup, c leaning
contact lenses, and similar hygienic activities.
 ▶Lavatory faucet flow rates are regulated as part of the
Energy Policy Act of 1992.
 ▶ The original flow rate established by the government
These faucetswas 2.5 gpm
can reduce at 80
water psi by
usage forsupplying
private-use
waterlavatories and are
only when hands 0.5
gpm, or a cycle discharging 0.25 gallons, for public-use
inside the bowl.
lavatories.
 ▶ Now the regulations require 2.2 gpm at 60 psi for private
(and residential) lavatories and 0.5 gpm at 60 psi, or a
cycle discharging 0.25 gallons, for public lavatories.
 ▶Lavatory faucet are also available with electronic
valves.
Size and
shape
▶ Manufacturers produce lavatories in every conceivable size and
shape: square, round, oblong, rectangular, shaped for corners, with
or without ledges, decorative bowls, and molded into
countertops.
▶ The standard outlet for a lavatory is 1 ¼inches in diameter.
▶ The standard lavatory has three holes on the ledge for the faucet.
▶ With a typical faucet, the two outside holes are 4 inches apart.
▶ The faucets installed in these lavatories are called 4-inch center sets.
▶ When spread faucets are to be installed, the spacing between the
two outer holes is 8 inches.
Kitchen
Sinks
▶ A kitchen sink is used for culinary purposes.
▶ The two distinct classifications of kitchen sinkare residential and
commercial.
▶ Residential kitchen sinks can be installed in commercial buildings,
typically in kitchens used by employees.
▶ Commerc ial kitchen sinksare designed for restaurant and food-
handling establishments.
▶ The Energy Polic y Ac t of 1992 regulates the flow rate of fauc ets for
residential kitchen sinks.
▶ The fixture standards have since modified the flow rate to 2.2 gpm at 60
psi.
Residential Kitchen
Sinks
Common residential kitchen sinks are single- or double-
▶
compartment (or bowl) sinks.
▶ No standard dimension for the size of the sinks exists; however, most
kitchen sinks are 22 inches measured from the front edge to the rear
edge.
▶ For single-compartment sinks, the most common width of the sink is
25 inches.
▶ For double-compartment kitchen sinks,the most common width is
33 inches .
▶ The common depth of the compartments is 9 to 10 inches.
▶ A c cessible sinks are 5.5 to 6.5 inches deep.
Commercial Kitchen
Sinks
▶Commercial kitchen sinksare typically larger in size and have a
deeper bowl than residential kitchen sinks.
▶ The depth of the bowl ranges from 16 to 20 inches for most
commercial kitchen sinks.
▶ Commercial kitchen sinks are often freestanding sinkswith legs to
support the sink.
▶ Incommercial kitchens, three types of sinkstypically are provided:
hand sinks, prep sinks, and triple-basin sinks.
▶ Prep sinksusually are single basin and are used in conjunction with
food preparation.
▶ Triple-basin sinksare used for washing pots, pans, and utensils.
Sink
s
▶ A general classification for fixtures that are neither kitchen sinksnor
service sinks is simply “sinks”.
▶ Thiscategory contains those fixtures typically not required but
installed for the convenience of the building users.
▶ Some installations include doctors’ offices, hospitals, laboratories ,
photo-processing facilities, quick marts, and office buildings.
▶ Sinks come in a variety of sizes and shapes.
▶ There are no height or spacing requirements, and the flow rate from
the faucet isnot regulated.
▶ Most plumbing codes require a 1 ½- inch drain connection.
Service
Sinks
▶ A service sink is a general-purpose sink intended to be used for facilitating the
cleaning or decorating of a building
▶ The sink is commonly used to fill mop buckets and dispose of their waste.
▶ Italso is used for cleaning paint brushes, rollers,and paper-hanging equipment.
▶ There isno standard size, shape, or style of a service sink.
▶ They are available both wall mounted and floor mounted.
▶ Mop basins, installed on the floor, quality as service sinksin the plumbing codes.
▶ A service sink typically is located in a janitor’s storage closet or a separate room
for use by custodial employees.
▶ The plumbing codes do not specify the location or a standard height for
installing a service sink.
▶ Furthermore, the flow rate from the service sink faucet has no limitations.
▶ The plumbing codes require either a 1 ½- inch or 2 – inch trap for the service
sink.
Laundry
Trays
▶ A laundry tray, or laundry sink,is located in the laundry room and used in
conjunction with washing c lothes.
▶ The sink has either one or two compartments.
▶ The depth of the bowl is typically 14 inches.
▶There are no standard dimensions for the size of laundry trays; however, most
single-compartment laundry trays measure 22 inches by 24 inches, and most
double-compartment laundry trays measure 22 inches by 45 inches.
▶ Plumbing codes permit a domestic clothes washes to discharge into a laundry
tray.
▶ The minimum size for a trap and outlet for a laundry tray is 1 ½inch.
▶ At one time, laundry trays were made predominantly of soapstone.
▶ Today, the majority of laundry trays are plastic.
▶ However, stainless steel, enameled cast iron, and porcelain enameled steel
laundry trays also are avaible.
Faucet
s
▶ Every sink and lavatory needsa faucet to direct and control the
flow of water into the fixture.
▶ A faucet performs the simple operations of opening, closing, and
mixing hot and cold water.
▶ While the process is relatively simple, fixture manufacturers have
developed expensive lines of faucets.
Faucet
Categories
▶ Faucets are categorized by application.
▶ The types of faucets include lavatory faucets, residential kitchen sink
faucets, laundry faucets, sink faucets, and commerc ial faucets.
▶ The classification “commercial faucets” includes commercial kitchen
fauc ets and c ommerc ial sink fauc ets.
▶ It does not include lavatory fauc ets.
▶ All lavatories are classified the same, whether they are installed in
residential orcommerc ial buildings.
▶ Itshould be noted, however, that some lavatory faucet styles are used
strictly in commerc ial applic ations.
▶ These include self-metering lavatory faucets that discharge a specified
quantity of water and electronic lavatories that operate on sensors.
Drinking
Fountains
▶ A drinking fountain is designed to provide drinking water to users.
▶ The two classifications of drinking fountains are water coolers and
drinking fountains.
▶ A water cooler has a refrigerated component that chills the water.
▶ A drinking fountain is a non-refrigerated water dispenser.
Shower
s A shower is designed to allow full-body cleansing.
▶
▶ The size and configuration of a shower must permit an individual to
bend at the waist to clean lower-body extremities.
▶ Plumbing codes require a minimum size shower enclosure of 30
inches by 30 inches.
▶ The code further stipulate that a shower must have a 30-inch-
diameter circle within the shower to allow free movement by the
bather.
▶ The water flow rate for showers is regulated by the Energy Policy Act
of 1992.
▶ The maximum permitted flow rate from a shower valve is 2.5 gm at
80 psi
3 different types of
shower are available:
▶ 1. Prefabricated shower enclosures are available from plumbing
fixtures manufacturers in a variety of sizes and shapes.
▶ 2. Prefabricated shower bases are the floors of the showers
designed so that the walls can be either prefabricated assemblies
or built-in-place ceramic walls.
▶ 3. Built-in-place showers are typically ceramic installations for both
the floorand walls.
Bathtu
bsThe original fixture used to bathe
▶
or c leanse one’s body.
▶ Shower was added to the
bathtub to expedite the bathing
process.
▶ Standard installation is a
combination tub/shower.
▶ Separate whirlpool bathtub and
shower;
▶ It is still common to have a
whirlpool bathtub with an
overhead shower as the main
bathing fixture.
DEFINITION OF
TERMS
▶ It is necessary to define some terms used in the construction contract documents so that one term, and only that
one term, isused for any one part of the documents.
▶ Bidder - The bidding and subsequent awarding of the contract.
▶ Contractor – The successful bidder after the awarding of the contract.
▶ Bidding documents - Construction documents issued to bidders before the owner/contractor agreement has been
signed.
▶ Bidding requirements – The explanation of procedures to follow when preparing and submitting the bid. This is also
used to attract potential bidders.
▶ Contract documents - Documents that are the legally enforceable requirements that become part of the contract
when the agreement issigned.
▶ Project manual – Bidding requirements combined with the other construction documents. These are not part of the
contract documents.
▶ Work – The performing of services, the furnishing of labor, and supplying and incorporating of materials and
equipment into the construction.
▶ Construction contract documents – The proposed construction which is referred to as the "work.” Many times these
documents are referred to as the "contract documents” and erroneously, as the “plans and specifications." It should
be noted that many times in these documents are neither plans nor specifications. Instead of the use of the term
"plans" when referring to the graphic documents, the term "drawings" should be used. Many times the term
“specifications” is expanded to generally refer to all written documents. The correct term when describing all of the
documents, with the exception of the drawings, is“project manual.”