PRASANNA, @ SsunBeam Prasanna Wadekar SI702484O7 = gr ve LEARNING INMTIATIVE, Institute of Information Technology Waniwnancics Session + Introduction to .Net Framework Objectives of .NET Framework 4.5 The .NET Framework is a technology that supports building and running the next generation of applications and XML Web services. ‘The .NET Framework is designed to fulfil the following objectives: To provide a consistent object-oriented programming environment whether object code is stored and executed locally, executed locally but Internet-cistributed, or executed remotely. To provide a code-execution environment that-minimizes software deployment and versioning conflicts To provide 8 code-execution environment that promotes safe execution of code, including cade created by an Unknown or semi-trusted third party. To provide a code-execution environment that eliminates the performance problems of scripted or interpreted environments. To make the developer experience consistent across widely varying types of applications, such as Windows-based applications and Web-based applications, To build all communication on industry standards to ensure with any other code. i code based on the NET Framework can integrate .NET Framework Context ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Paget@& sunBeam Fz — Institute of Information Technology - sd) LEARNING INITIATIVE Baume Dot Net Framework Components Sipnis rensiy. (08) Development in NET Framework 4.5 ‘The NET Framework is a development platform for building apps for Windows, Windows Phone, Windows Server, and Microsoft Azure. Visual Studio is an Integrated Development Environment. Application Life Cycle Management (ALM) can be managed using Visual Studio NET Design Develop —Test Debug Deploy ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 2 RMN 2 |@ CYUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology ve LEARNING INITIATIVE Rawaeud Session + Visual Studio .NET 2013 as IDE Tool ‘The Design goals are: Maximize Developer Productivity Simplify Server based Development Deliver Powerful Design, Development Tools RAD (Rapid Application Development Tool) for the next generation internet solutions Enhanced RAD Support for creating Custom components for Business solutions. Tools for creating Rich Client Applications Tools for creating ASP.NET web sites ‘Tools for Creating S-a-a-S modules ‘Tools for connecting remote servers Tools for Cloud Connectivity Tools for Data Access Tools for Creating, Developing, Testing and Deploying Solutions. Help and Documentation Multiple .NET Language Support Visual Studio Solutions and Projects Visual Studio Solution consist of multiple Projects Visual Studio Project consist of Source code, Resources, C# as .NET Programming Language C++ Heritage Namespaces, Pointers (in unsafe code), Unsigned types, etc. Increased Productivity Short Learning curve C#t isa type safe Object Oriented Programming Language # is case sensitive Interoperability C# can talk to COM, DLLs and any of the .NET Framework languages Structure of first C# program using System; // ® “Hello World!” program in C# public class HelloWorld { public static void Main () 4 Console.WriteLine (“Hello, World”); SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karac Page 3@® SUNBEAM ve = Institute of Information Technology feed QTE amanuanns Passing Command Line Arguments using System; /* Invoke exe using console */ public class HelloWorld { public static void Main (string [] args) { Console.WriteLine ("parameter count = {0}, args.Length) ; Console.WriteLine ("Hello {0}”, args [0]); Console.ReadLine (); y i Execution of .NET Application C# code is compiled by CSC.exe (C# compiler) into assembly as Managed code. Managed code is targeted to Common Language Runtime of .NET Framework Common Language Runtime converts MSIL cade into Platform dependent executable code (native code) for targeted ‘operating System. Application is executed by Operating System as Process. C# Types AC Program is a collection of types Structure, Cases, Enumerations, Interfaces, Delegates, Events Ci provides a set of predefined types eg. it, byte, char, string, object, et Custom types can be created. ‘data and code is defined within a type. No global variables, no global function. ‘Types can be instantiated and used by Calling methods, setters and getters, etc. ‘Types can be converted from one type to another. ‘Types are organized into namespaces, files, and assemblies. ‘Types are arranged in hierarchy. a ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 4G sunBeam Institute of Information Technology LEARNING INITIATIVE Gane menus In .NET Types are of two categories Value Type Directly contain data on Stack. | I | | Primitives: int num; float speed; Enumerations: enum State (off, on} Structures: struct Point {int x, 'y 3} Reference Types Contain reference to actual instance on managed Heap. Root object String string Classes class Line: Shape{ } Interfaces interface IDrawole {..) Arrays string [] names = new string[10]; Delegates delegate void operation(); Type Conversion Implicit Conversion No information loss Occur automatically Explicit Conversion Require a cast May not succeed Information (precision) might be lost Ent x=543454; 7 //implicit conversion | iong y= short z=(short)x; //explicit conversion double d=1. 3454545345; float £= (float) d; //explicit conversion long 1= (long) d__// explicit conversion | ——— — —_<<_<_—_———- nh nS ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page SG@ SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology LEARRMG RIATIVE aan rd Constants and read only variables 7/ This example illustrates the use of constant data and readonly fields. using System; using System. Text; namespace ConstData { class MyMathClass { public static readonly double PI; static MyMathClass () { PI = 3.14; } ) class Program { static void Main(string[] args) t Console.WriteLine ("*#*** Fun with Const ****#\n") ; Console.WriteLine ("The value of PI is: {0}", MyMathClass.PI) ; // Brroz! Can't change a constant! /] MyMathClass.PT = 3.1444; LocalConstStringVariable() ; 3 static void LocalConststringVariable() 4 // B® local constant data point const string fixedStr = "Fixed string Data"; Console.WriteLine(fixedstr) ; // Bxror! //fixedStr = "This will not work!"; SunBeam institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 6Institute of Information Technology & SUNBEAM LEARNING INITIATIVE Gua Enumerations. Enumerations are user defined data Type which consist of 2 set of named integer constants. enum Weekdays { Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat} Each member starts from zera by default and is incremented by 1 for each next member. Using Enumeration Types Weekdays day-Weekdays.Mon; Console.writeLine("(@)", day); //Displays Mon Structures Structure is a value type that is typically used to encapsulate small groups of related variables. [public struct Point | ( public int x; | public int y; Arrays Declare int [] marks; Allocate int (] marks= new int[9]; Initialize int [] marks=new int [] (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9}: int [] marks=(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}7 Access and assign Marks2[i] = marks {i}; Enumerate foreach (int i in marks) (Console.WriteLine (i); } SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 7@ sunBeam [39 ===" Institute of Information Technology oe Gawain Params Keyword It defines a method that can accept a variable number of arguments. static void ViewNames (params string [] names) i Console.WriteLine ("Names: {0}, (1), (2)”, names [0], names [1], names [2]); ) public static void Main (string [] args) { ViewNames("Nitin”, “Nilesh”, “Rahul”); ref and out parameters void static Swap (ref int nl, ref int n2) { int temp snl; ni=n2; n2=temp; ) void static Calculate (float radius, out float area, out float circum) 4 Area=3.14£ * radius * radius; Circum=2*3.14£ * radius; } public static void Main () £ Aint x=10, y=20; Swap(ref x, ref y); float area, circum; calculate (5, out area, out circum); » unBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 8| Institute of Information Technology G SUNBEAM ¥ LEARNING INTTIATIVE ats Session 3: Execution Process in .NET Environment Sample] — waa ~ @O —— 7 - source [EPH foxemus | [coe | vice | HE .NET Assembly A Logical unit of Deployment on .NET Platform. Components of Assembly + Manifest + Metadata ‘Types of Assemblies Private Assembly (bin folder) Shared Assembly (GAC) System.Data. ‘Systern. Drawing. =100) return 0; else return titles [index]; | | set{ if (! index <0 || index >=100) return 0; else titles [index] =value; } | } public static void Main () { Books mybooks=new Books (); Mybooks [3] ="Mogali in Forest”; , —_——— SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 16SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology LEARNING INTIATIVE NET FRAMEWORK Singleton class public class OfficeBoy { private static OfficeBoy _ref = null; | private int val; | private OfficeBoy() { _val = 10; } public int val ( get { return val; } | t if (_ref == null) _ref = new OfficeBoy() ; return _ref; ~ | set ( val = value; } ) public static OfficeRoy Getobject () i | | | f | static void Main(string[] args) | { OfficeBoy sweeper, waiter; string s1; float £1; | aweeper-Val = 60; | | Console.WriteLine ("Sweeper Value {0}", sweeper.Val) ; | Console.WriteLine("Waiter Value : {0}", waiter.Val); sl = sweeper.Val.ToString() ; £1 | (float) sweeper Val; | sweeper.Val = int.Parse(s1); sweeper.Val = Convert. ToInt32(s1) ; = SunBieam institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 17@ SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology LEARNING INITIATIVE Renae ruius + Arrays Multidimensional Arrays (Rectangular Array) [ int [ , 1] mtrx = new int (2, 317 | can initialize declaratively int [ , ] mtrx = new int [2, 3] { (10, 20, 30}, (40, 50, 60} } ‘An Array of Arrays int [] [ ] mtrxj = new int [2] Ul; _ ] | | Jagged Arrays i Must be initialize procedurally. —_— SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 18SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology aiwaerains Nullable Types LEARNING INITIATIVE class DatabaseReader public int? numericValue public bool? boolValue public int? GetIntFromDatabase () public bool? GetBoolFromDatabase () { return numericValue; { return boolvalue; public static void Main (string{] args) DatabaseReader dr = new DatabaseReader () ; // Get int from ‘database’ dr. GetIntFromDatabase () ; Af (i-HasValue) Console. Writebine ("Value of ‘i! Console. WriteLine ("Value of is undefined. // Get bool from bool? b = dr.GetBoolFromDatabase () ; if (b != null) Console.WriteLine("Value of 'b! Console.WriteLine ("Value of is undefined.) ; // 1 the value from GatIntFromDatabase()is null,assign local variable to 100. int? myData = dr.GetIntFromDatabase() ?? 100; . Console.WriteLine ("Value of myData: {0}", myData.Value) ; static void LocalNullableVariables // Define some local nullable types int? nullableint double? nullableDouble beol? nullableBool char? nullableChar 5 int?[] arrayOfNullableints // Define some local nullable types using Nullable. Nullable nullablernt Nullable nullableDouble Nullable nullablezool Nullable nullableChar = Nullable[] arrayOfNullabletInts new int? [10]; new int?[10]; es: ‘Suneam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad@ SUNBEAM a Institute of Information Technology LEARNING REVIATIEZ faeries Session + Overloading Method Overloading Overloading is the ability to define several methods with the same name, provided each method has a different signature public class MathEngine { public static double FindSquare (double number) { // logic defined } public static double FindSquare (int number) { // another logic defined } } public static void Main () 4 double res= MathEngine.FindSquare (12.5) ; doublé num= MathEngine.FindSquare (12) ; ) Operator Overloading Giving additional meaning to existing operators. ‘Technique that enhance power of extensibility public static Complex Operator + (Complex cl, Complex c2) { Complex temp= new Complex (); temp.real = cl.real+ c2.real; templ.imag = cl.image + c2.imag; return temp, ) public static void Main () t Complex o1= new Complex (2, 3); new Complex (5, 4); 1+ 02; Console.WriteLine (03.real +“ “ + 03.imag); ‘SunBeam Institute of information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 20 9 Fe 7 | | | | |&® SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology LEEANGRTATIE Nati waaureins operator overloading restrictions Following operetors cannot be overloaded, Conditional logical 8&8, |] Array indexing operator [] Cast Operators () Assignment operators +=, =n i>, NeW, I5, sizeof, typeof ‘The comparison operator, if overloaded, must be overloaded in pairs. == is overloaded then != must also be overloaded ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 21, ge 20Institute of Information Technology G SUNBEAM | | C # Reusability Inheritance Provides code reusability and extensibility. Inheritance is a property of class hierarchy whereby each derived class inherits attributes and methods of its base class. Every Manager is Employee. Every Wage Employee is Employee. Glass Employee {public double Calculatesalary () {return basic_sal + hrat da ;} } class Manager: Employee { public double CalculateIncentives () t //code to calculate incentives Return incentives; ) | | static void Main () oo ee a one tagse I double Inc=mgr. CalculateIncentives (); double sal=mgr. CalculateSalary (); SS ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 22® SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology LEARNING INITIATIVE i Constructors in Inheritance class Employee { public Employee () {Console.WriteLine ("in Default constructor”) j} ass public Employee (int eid, | {Console.WriteLine (“in Parameterized constructor”) ;} , class Manager: Employee \« | public Manager (): base (QQ (.---} public Manager (int id): base (id)..) (o+-) | ) ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karat Page 23, Page 22& sunBeEsam =< Institute of Information Technology sureeain LEARNING INITIATIVE Na wears Polymorphism : Ability of diferent objects to responds tothe same message in diferent ways called Polymorphism, . norse.Neve(); _ ' car.-Move(); le | eroplane.Hove(); | 2erop °0 lk, | Virtual and Override | Polymorphism is achieved using virtual methods and inhertance , | (ira) Keyword is used to define 9 method in base dass and overde Keyword is used in derived dass ° Glass Euployee 7 — ke | { public virtual double Calculatesalary () / {return basic_sal+ hra + da ; } > | @ class Manager: Employee | { public override double Calculatesalary () {return (basic_salt hra + da + allowances) ;} staic void Main () { Employee mgr= new Manager () ; Double salary= mgr. CalculateSalary (); Console.WriteLine (salary); ——_— —————— — Oe ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page24 SU!* SUNBEAM ae Institute of Information Technology LEARNING INITIATIVE Shadowing Hides the base class member in derived class by using keyword new. class Employee | ) clase Salestmployee ‘Employee { double sales, comm; public new double CalculateSalary () in | static void Main () | | eetuen basic salt (eales * comm) +) | | Double salary= sper.CalculateSalary (); { SalesEmployee sper= new Salesimployee () ; | | | Console .WriteLine (salary); | -— a | | __| Pepe ns Sunbeam institute of Information Technoley, Pune, Karad Page 25& sunBeam 4 = Institute of Information Technology = ansne | | Sealed class Sealed class cannot be inherited sealed class SinglyList ( public virtual double add () {// code to add a record in the linked list} y public class StringSinglyLis { public override double Add () >> ve inglyList { // code to add a record in the String linked list} st [= ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 26"age 26 Hs SUNBEAM F Institute of Information Technology oes Gaeuusens Concrete class vs. abstract classes . Concrete class Class describes the functionality of the objects that it can be used to instantiate, Abstract class Provides all of the characteristics ofa concrete class except that it does not permit objec instantiation ‘an abstract cass can contain abstract and non-abstract methods. ‘estract methods do not have implementation. abstract class Employee { public virtual double Calculatesalary () { return basic +hra + da public abstract double CalculateBonus () class Manager: Employee {public override double CalculateSalary(); { return basic + hra + da + allowances ;} public override double CalaculateBonus () static void Main () (| Manager mgr=new Manager () double bonus=mgr. CalaculateBonus (); double Salary=ngr. Calculatesalary (); ‘SunBleam Institute of information Technology, Pune, Karad Page27Gq sunBeam = Institute of Information Technology ceareene SeTATTE Object class Object class methods public bool Equals(object) protected void Finalze() public int GetHashCode() public System. Type GetType() } protected object MemberwiseClone() | +public string ToString() 1g Object. Polymorphism u: ‘The ability to perform an operation on an object without knowing the precise type of the object [wold Display (object 0) { Console.WriteLine (o.ToString ()) i } public static void Main () { Display (34); Display ("Transflower”) ; : Display (4.453655) ; Display (new Employee (“Ravi”, “Tambade”) ; | ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 28_ 7 @ SUNBEAM a Institute of Information Technology LEARNING INTUATIVE Wamaeouaens Session 6: Interface Inheritance For loosely coupled highly cohesive mechanism in Application. An interface defines a Contract ‘Text Editor uses Spelichecker as interfaces. EnglishSpellChecker and FrenchSpeliChecker are implementing contract defined by SpeliChecker interface. interface ISpeliChecker { ArrayList CheckSpelling (string word) ;} class EnglishspellChecker:ISpelichecker ArrayList CheckSpelling (string word) {// return possible spelling suggestions} hy class Frenchspel checker: ISpell checker n | ArrayList CheckSpelling (string word) | | {// return possible spelling suggestions} | Ip —— |etass rexteaitor \ public static void Main() { ISpelichecker checker= new EnglishSpellchecker (); | ArrayList wordsschecker. checkspelling (“FLewer") , ) a cof information Technology, Pune, Kaa Page 1SG@ SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology ne sureeam LEARNING INITIATIVE |ET FRAMEWORK. a | Explicit Interface Inheritance interface IOrderDetails { void ShowDetails() +} | interface IcustomerDetails { void Showdetails() ;} | class Transaction: TorderDetails,’ ICustomerbetils { void IorderDetails. ShowDetails() ' { // implementation for interface IOrderDetails ;} void ICustomerDetails. ShowDetails() { // implementation for interface IOrderDetails ;} f y 1 public static void Main() t Transaction obj = new Transaction(); TorderDetails od = obj; od. ShowDetails () ; ICustomerDetails cd = obj; ed. ShowDetails(); a SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 20@ SUNBEAM — Institute of Information Technology LEARNING RETiATVE] Wadi’ Abstract class vs. Interface c Abstract class —Tinterface ] Methods [Atleast one abstract method | All methodS are abstract —— [Best suited for | Objects closely related in hierarchy. [Contract based provider model__| [Multiple] Not supported Supported a _ | _ ‘Component ‘By updating the base class all derived classes | Interfaces are immutable ‘ Versioning | are automatically updates. el | | | | | | | | | ———— === SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 31 Page 30rE G SUNBEAM be = Institute of Information Technology Leaning NITATIVE | ' anid B ~ RI Building cloned Objects Pe class StackClass: ICloneable _ — [Rem { int size; int [] sArr; public StackClass (int s) ( size=s; sArr= new int [sizel; } public’ object Clone() syst | Type | StackClass s = new StackClass (this. size) ; | syst | this.sArr.CopyTo(s.sArr, 0); Cont : | t | ; fa } fas Me: public static void Main() Le |‘ StackClass stackl = new StackClass (4); Stackl [0] = 89; i StackClass stack2 = (StackClass) stackl.Clone (); : 3 ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 32 SunBeas ¥ = Sed LEARNING INTIATIVE qa Wau waa Reflection G SUNBEATN Institute of Information Technology Reflection is the ability to examine the metadata in the assembly manifest at runtime, Reflection is useful in following situations: ‘+ Need to access attributes in your programs metadata. + To examine and instantiate types in an assembly. + To build new types at runtime using classes in System.Reflection.Emit namespace. + To perform late binding, accessing methods on types created at runtime. System. Type class Type class provides access to metadata of any .NET Type. System. Reflection namespace Contains classes and interfaces that provide a managed view of loaded types, methods and fields ‘These types provide ability to dynamically create and invoke types. Description __ - Performs reflection on a module: ‘Load assembly at runtime and get its type _ ‘Obtains information about the attributes of @ member and provides access to member metadata, Le ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 33 Page 32SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology i eared RETR ' Btiaaawasuns 5 BindingFlags.InvokeMethod | BindingFlags.Instance, null, ob}, args); jeny, break; Cold } mist | Come Assembly class cecal - _ —— ue Methodinfo method; AColb string methodName; cal object result = new object (); Syste | The bi object [] args = new object [] (1, 2}; Assembly asm = Assembly.LoadFile (@”c:/transflowerLib.d11”) ; janet | for | type [] types= asm.Gettypes(); ° co foreach (type t in types) iu Arca { (method = t.GetMethod (methodName) 7 ee : i aera _ | Collec string typeName= t.FullName; object obj= asm.CreateTnatance (typeName) ; Allow ¢ result = t.InvokeMenber (method.Nane, BindingFlags.Public | Inter TEnur i string res = result.ToString(); Console.WriteLine ("Result is: (0}", res); Icom, | qiet MemberInfo ciass "Base class for all members of the class | Parameterinfo, FieldInfo, EventInfo, PropertyInfo, MethodInfo, Constructorinfo, etc. ———————— Sun ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page H sunBea= Institute of Information Technology Rosas SUNBEAM LEARNING INTIATIVE new int[5] { 22,11,33,44,55 }; fonsole.WriteLine( “\t {0}", i); } ray .Reverse (intArray) ; © collection Interfaces ‘Allow collections to support a different behavior Interface Description Fenumer tor: Supports @ simple iteration over collection gs); Ténunerable ‘Supports foreach semantics collection I Tist Represents a collection of objects that could be accessed by index. IComaprable Defines a generalized comparison method to create a type-specific comparison Comparer Exposes a method that compares two objects, qictionary Represents a collection of Key and value palts === _SinBeam institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Pope ne | Sb ea Fmatio iy, Pune, Kai Defines size, enumerators and synchronization methods for all collections. Page 35,1 @ sunBeam Institute of Information Technology LEARHNG BETTIE ' Taal z i Im Implementing IEnumerable Interface [public class Team:IEnumerable ~ ines { private player [] players; [pai public Team () \« } ¢ | Players= new Player [3]; as Players [0] = new Player ("Sachin”, 40000) ; es Players[1] = new Player ("Rahul”, 35000); ) Players [2] new Player ("Mahindra”, 34000); f ) ial public IEnumertor GetEnumerator () { Return players .GetEnumerator () ; | public static void Main() ( {haan radia = new Toan(); foreach (Player ¢ in India) t i Console.WeiteLine (c.Name, ¢.Runs) ; | , | u | ‘Sune ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 3@ SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology LEARNS TTLATEE al Wi wae cous | Implementing ICollection Interface To determine number af elements in a container. lity to copy elements into System. Array type rICollection public class Tean fl private Players [] players; public Team() (0...) public int Count (get {return players.Count ;} // other implementation of Team ) public static void Main() { Team India = new Team (); foreach (Player c in India) ( Console.WriteLine (c.Name, c.Runs) ; | 2 a _ ee ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 37 Page 366 sunBeEam Institute of Information Technology LEARNING INITIATIVE sen Implementing IComparable Interface public class Player: ICoi { ‘able int IComparable.CompareTo (object obj) { Player temp= (Player) obj; if (this. Runs > temp.Runs) return 1; if (this. Runs < temp.Runs) return -1; else return 0; } ) public static void Main() Team India = new Team(); // ada five players with Runs Arary.Sort (India) ; // display sorted Array ) SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Usir “E wes | t |a LEARNING INTIATIVE a | Gaienas Institute of Information Technology G@ SUNBEAM Using Iterator Method if | |psbasc ctase tone | [| public Team () | t | Players= new Player (31; 1] Players(0} = new Player ("Sachin”, 40000) ; | Players {1} = new Player (*Rahul”, 35000) ; | Players[2] = new Player ("Mahindra”, 34000) ; | | , { | | public rEnumertor GetEnumerator () Pit | foreach (Player p in players) | {yield return p ;} public static void Main() { Team India = new Team(); foreach(Player c in India) Console.WriteLine(c.Name, c.Runs); of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 396& sunBeam Institute of Information Technology i, » fide. LEARNING INITIATIVE Glenna’ Collection Classes ArrayList class Represents lst which is similar to a single dimensional array that can be resized dynamically. RrrayList countries = new ArrayList (); countries .Add (“India”) ; countries .Add (“USA”) ; countries .Add ("UK") 7 countries Add (“China”) ; countries Add ("Nepal”’ Console.WriteLine("Count: {0}, countries. Count); foreach (object obj in countries) t Console.WriteLine("{0}", 0b3); Stack class Represents a simple Last- In- First- Out (LIFO) collection of objects. Stack numStack = new Stack()7 numStack . Push (23) ; numStack . Push (34) ; numStack . Push (76) ; numStack. Push (9) ; onsole.WriteLine ("Element removed”, numStack.Pop()) i Queue class’ _ Represents a first in, first-out (FIFO) collection of objects. Queue myQueue = new Queue (); myQueue .Enqueue (“Nilesh”) ; myQueue .Enqueue ("Nitin”) ; myQueue. Enqueue (“Rahul”) ; myQueue . Enqueue ("Ravi") ; Console.WriteLine("\t Capacity: {0}, myQueue.Capacity) iriteLine(" (Dequeue) \t {0}, myQueue.Dequeue()) i Karad Page pel eerenepren ere inennecee greene ame cemmmpmcemseste bre Has Rep, Fact ‘SunB@ SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology LERRANG RATTIE Buses HashTable class Represents a collection of Key/ value pairs that are organized based on the hash code of the key. Each element is 2 key/ value pair stored in a DictionaryEntry object, Hashtable h = new Hashtable (); h.Add("mo”, “Monday”) ; |R.ada(vtu”, Tuesday”) 7 h.Add("we”, “Wednesday”) ; | rrictionaryEnumerator e= h. GetEnumerator( ); | while (e.MoveNext( )) { | Console.WriteLine(e.Key + “\t” + e.Value) ; | ) | ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 41 Page 40' i @& SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology LEARNING INITIATIVE |ET FRAMEWORK. + Generics ‘Are classes, structures, interfaces and methods that have placeholders (type parameters) for one or more of the types they store or use. class HashTable 4 public HashTable() ; public object Get (K) ; public object Add(K, V); » HashTable addressBook; AddressBook.Add (“Amit Bhagat”, 44235) ; int extension = addressBook.Get ("shiv Khera”) List class Represents 2 strongly typed list of objects that can be accessed by index. Generic equivalent of ArrayList class. Tist months = new List (0); months .Add (“January”) ; months .Add ("February") months .Add (“April”) ; months .Add ("May") 7 months .Add (“June”) ; foreach (string mon in months) Console.writeLine (mon) ; Months. Insert (2,”March”) 7 ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page a2 al ;© Page 42 & SUNBEAM : Institute of Information Technology LEARNING WITIATR VE List of user defined objects lass Employee { int eid; string ename; //appropriate constructor and properties for Employee Entity 4 public int Compare (Employee e1, Employee 2) { int ret = e1.Name.Length.CompareTo (e2.Name. Length) ; return ret; ) y | public static void Main Q) |Listeenployee>listi = new List () [asses Add (new Employee (1, “Raghu”) ; List Add(new Employee (2, “Seeta”) ; Listl Add (new Employee (3, °Neil”) ; Listi Add (new Employee (4, “Leela”) ; | empComparer ec = new EmpComparer () 7 | nist1.Sort (ec) ; | goreach (Employee e in list1) Console. WriteLine(e.Id + ™ } “+ @.Name) ; ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 43Presanng Wodelca Stack class Stack(); numStack. Push (23) ; numStack . Push (34) ; mumStack. Push (65) ; | Console.WriteLine ("Element removed: “, numstack. Pop()) ; Queue class Queue q = new Queue(); q.-Enqueue ("Message") ; q-Enqueue ("Message2”) ; q.Enqueue ("Message3") ; Console.WriteLine ("First message: (0}”, q.Dequeue()) ; | console.WriteLine ("The element at the head is (0}”, q-Peek()); | tenumerator e= q.GetEnumerator () ; while (¢.MoveNext ()) Console.Writebine(e.Current) LinkedList class Represents a doubly linked List Each node is on the type LinkedListNode [Linkedbist 11= new LinkedList () ; Ll.AddFirst (new LinkedListNode (“Apple”) ) | ta -addPirst (new LinkedListNode ("Papaya”)) j Ll. AddPirst (new LinkedListNode("Orange”)) ; L1.AddFirst (new LinkedListNode("Banana”)) ; LinkedListNode node=11.First; Console.WriteLine (node. Value) ; | console .WriteLine (node.Next Value) ; —$—$—$—— — ———————— ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pun‘ Page 44@ SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology LEARNING INTIATIVE | Gwe reas Dictionary class. | Represents a caletion of keys and values Keys cannot be duplicate, | phones.Add(1, “James”) ; Li] [Preiss caaacan) iSey) | phones[16] = “Aishwarya”; if (!phone.ContainsKey (4)) phones .Add(4,"Tim") ; Console.WriteLine ("Name is {0}”, phones [4]); 7 Console.WriteLine ("Name {0}”, phones [12]); | | | i I Ld ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 4Si & SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology LeARNnG eTTWE Gaaueaen Session 8: + Custom Generic Types Generic function public static class MyGenericMethods { public static void Swap(ref T a, ref T b) t Fl Console.WriteLine ("You sent the Swap() method a {0}", typeof(T)); T temp; temp = a; a = b; b = temp; d public static void DisplayBaseClass() {Console.WriteLine("Base class of {0} is: {1}.",typeof(T), typeof (T) .BaseType) ; } ) static void Main(string[] args) { // Swap 2 ints. int a = 10, b = 90; Console-WriteLine ("Before swap: (0), {1}", a, b); Swap (ref a, ref b); Console.WriteLine ("After swap: (0), (1)", a, b); Console.WriteLine() ; // Swap 2 strings string s1 = "Hello", s2 = "There" Console.WriteLine("Before swap: {0} {1}!", sl, s2); Swap(ref sl, ref s2); Console.WriteLine("After swap: (0} {1}!", sl, 82); Console.WriteLine() ; // Compiler will infer System.Boolean bool bi=true, b2=false; Console.WriteLine("Before swap: {0}, {1}", bl, b2); Swap (ref bl, ref b2); Console.WriteLine("After swap: {0}, {1} Console.Writebine() ; bl, b2); —_—— | SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 46| —_—_ ‘page 46 G SUNBEAM — Institute of Information Technology LEARNING INITIATIVE Gime 7/ Must supply type parameter if the method does not take params DisplayBaseClass () | Sigpraysacectasscsteing> () } > static void Swap(ref T a, ref Tb) { Cénsole.WriteLine ("You sent the Swap() method a {0}", typeof (T)); ‘T temp; temp = a; a = b; b = temp; } static void DisplayBaseClass() ‘ | console WriteLine("Base class of {0} is: (1).", | typeof (2), typeof (1) -Baseype) ; ) ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 47| 77 ® generic Point structure G&G SUNBEAM =, Institute of Information Technology LEARAREG ATATWE Wawasan ‘Custom Structure public struct Point {// Generic state date. private T xPos; private T yPos; // Generic constructor. public Point(T xVal, T yval) { xPos = xVal; yPos = yval; } // Generic properties public TX { get { return xPos; } set { xPos = value; } =} public T ¥ { get { return yPos; } set { yPos = value; } } public override string ToString() {return string.Format("[{0}, (1}]", xPos, yPos); } // Reset fields to the default value of the type parameter. public void ResetPoint () { xPos = default(T); yPos = default(T); } ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 48 |¥ SUNBEAM a Institute of Information Technology LEARNING INTIATIVE Giannis static void Main(string[] args) // Point using ints. Point p = new Point(10, 10); Console.WriteLine ("p.ToString()=(0}", p.ToString()) ; p-ResetPoint() ; Console.WeiteLine ("p.ToString()=(0}", p.ToString()) ; // Point using double. Point p2 = new Point(5.4, 3.3); Console. WriteLine ("p2.ToString()=(0}", p2.ToString()); p2.ResetPoint (); Console. WriteLine("p2.ToString()=(0}", p2.ToString()) ;G SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology LEARNING INTIATIVE, ‘Custom Generic collection class public class Car { public string PetName; public int Speed; public Car(string name, int currentSpeed) { PetName = name; Speed public Car() { } currentSpeed; } lpublic class SportsCar : Car { public sportsCar(string p, int s): base(p, s) ( } // Assume additional SportsCar methods , public class Minivan : Car { public MiniVan(string p, int s) : base(p, 5) { } // Assume additional Minivan methods. // Custom Generic Collection public class CarCollection : Ignumerable where T : Car new List(); { private List<1> arCars public T GetCar(int pos) { return arCars[pos]; } public void AddCar(T c) { arCars.Add(c); } public void Clearcars() { arCars.Clear(); } public int Count { get { return arCars.Count; } ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad| | Institute of Information Technology G SUNBEAM // TEnumerable extends TEnumerable, IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator () {return arCars.GetEnumerator(); } IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator () { return arCars.GetEnumerator(); } | public void PrintPetName(int pos) {Console .WriteLine(arCars[pos].PetName); } ) | static void Main(string{] args) | { // Make a collection of cars | CarCollection myCars = new CarCollection( myCars.AddCar (new Car("Alto", 20)); myCars.AddCar (new Car("i20", 90)); || foreach (Car ¢ in myCars) | { Console.WriteLine("PetName: {0}, Speed: (1}", i } | CarCollection myAutos = new CarCollection can hold any type deriving from Car >) { Console.WriteLine("Type: (0}, PetName: {1}, Speed: (2}", c.Speed) ; Page st: @ SUNBEAM =, Institute of Information Technology LEARNING INTIATIVE Madison Exceptions Handling ‘Abnormalities that occur during the execution of a program (runtime error). [NET framework terminates the program execution for runtime error. 2.9. divide by Zero, Stack overflow, File reading error, loss of network connectivity vechaniem o dete ard tale runtime et. - So int a, b console. Weitenine (My progran starts”); i try | { poe 10/b; | ; || exten inceeption’ 6} | { Console.WriteLine(e.Message) ; } console.WeiteLine(*Remaining program’); | : } NET Bxeéption sae ‘SystemException ___ | Formatxception i RiginontBseopeion Tadexoutofexception See ae pucoption | TnvalidGastexpression See eatenixception —[Tivalidoperationtxception toreteeption Nollkefesencenaception Sividsbyrerorsception Gutottensryerception ; [StackoverflowException I | ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 52!@ SUN BeaAm , = Institute of Information Technology eo | | q Wai serns User Defined Exception classes Application spectic class can be created using ApplicationException class. Glass StackFullException:ApplicationException { public string message; | public StackFullmxception (string msg) | 4 Message = msg: > U | public static void Main(string [] args) ( | stackclass stack: new StackClass (); | { stackl.Push (54); stack! Push (24) ; | stack1. Push (53) ; : stack1. Push (89) ; | i atch (StackFullException s) Console. WriteLine(s.Message) ; ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karat Page 53| Institute of Information Technology LEARNING INITIATIVE ' | Session 9: + Attributes @ SsunBeam Declarative tags that convey information to runtime. Stored with the metadata of the Element INET Framework provides predefined Attributes “The Runtime contains code to examine values of attributes and to act on them ‘Types of Attributes Standard Attributes Custom Attributes INET framework provides many pre-defined attributes. General Attributes 1 COM Interoperability Attributes ‘Transaction Handling Attributes Visual designer component- building attributes [Serializable] public class Employee Standard Attributes 1t ' [NonSerialized] public string name; | | ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Kared Page 54Institute of Information Technology LEARNS TeTTRTIE Custom Attributes & SUNBEAM User defined class which can be applied as an attribute on any .NET compatibility Types like: Class Constructor Delegate Enum Event Field Interface Method Parameter Property Return Value Structure Attribute Usage AttributeUsuageattribute step 1 It defines some of the key characteristics of custom attribute class with regards to its application , inheritance, allowing ‘multiple instance creation, etc. [ [AttributeUsuage (AttributeTargets.All, Inherited= false, [ALlowMultiple=true) } AttributeUsuageattribute step 2 Designing Attribute class Attribute classes must be declared as public classes, All Attribute classes must inherit direct or indirectly from System.attribute « [[attribateUsuage (AttributeTargets All, Inherited= false, | AllowMultiple=true) } | | public class MyAttribute:System.Attribute ( ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page SS| : 4 | SUNBEAM ve ii. Institute of Information Technology (EAR NETTIE Wwe AttributeUsuagedttribute step 3 Defining Members ‘tributes are initialized with constructors in the same way as traditional classes. public MyAttribute (bool myValue) a t this.myValue = myValue; d Attribute properties should be declared as public entities with description of the data type that will be returned. public bool MyProperty { get { return this. MyValue ;} set (this. MyValue= value ;} ) Applying Custom Attribute Custom attribute is applied in following way. Retrieving Custom Attributes [Developer (“Ravi Tanbade”, “I"] | public class Employee [¢ } public static void Main() ( Employee emp = new Employee (); Type t = emp.GetType() ; foreach (Attribute a in t.GetCustomAttributes (true) ) t Developer r= (Developer) a; //Recess r.Name and r.Level » —— ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 56@ SUNBEAM = Institute of Information Technology LEARNS OTT 1 NET FRAMEWORK Delegates A delegate isa reference to a method ‘Al delegates inherits from the System. delegate type It's foundation for Event Handling Delegate Types Unicast (Single cast) — Multicast Delegate Unicast (Single cast) Delegate ‘Steps in using delegates —] i. Define delegate li, Create instance of delegate strDelegate strDel =new strDelegate (strobject .ReverseStr) ; | string str=strDel (“Hello Transflower”) ; | // of use this Syntax string str =strDel.Invoke ("Hello Transflower”) ; Multicast Delegate If amutticast delegate derives from System. MulticastOelegate class. It provides synch-onous way of invoking the methods in the invocation list. Generally multicast delegate has void as their return type. a | delegate void strDelegate (string str); | steDelegate delegateob3 ; | strDelegate Upperob} = new strDelegate (obj-UppercaseStr) ; u ||| secperegate towerobj = new stedelegate (obj Lowercasestr) ; | detegateob3=vpperob3; delegateobj+ owerob3; || [dotegateob) (“Welcome to Transflower); i FETE | SunBear institute oF information Technotogy, Pune, Kared Page 57 Page.| | G&G SUNBEAM <= Institute of Information Technology suneeam LEARNING INITIATIVE Gaauuaiics Delegate chaining Instances of delegate can be combined together to form a chain Methods used to manage the delegate chain are © Combine method + Remove method //ealculator is a class with two methods Add and Subtract Calculator obj1 = new Calculator () ; CalDelegate [] delegates = new CalDelegate[]; { new CalDelegate (obj1.Add) , new CalDelegate (Calculator. Subtract) ); CalDelegate chain = (CalDelegate) delegate. Combine (delegates) ; Chain (CalDelegate) delegate.Remove(chain, delegates [0]); Asynchronous Delegate It is used to invoke methods that might take long time to complete. ‘Asynchronous mechanism more based on events rather than on delegates delegate void strbelegate (string str); public class Handler { public static string UpperCase(string s) {return s. ToUpper() ; } strDelegate caller = new strDelegate (handler. UpperCase) ; TAsyncResult result = caller.BeginInvoke("transflower”, null, null); Wb vies String returnValue = caller.EndInvoke (result) ; ee ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad“age SB @ SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology LEARNING INITIATIVE Genoa’ Anonymous Method Iti called as inline Delegate, It isa block of code that is used as the parameter for the delegate [detegate string strDelegate(string str); ype static void Main() I stzDelegate upperStr = delegate (string s) ) {zeturn s.ToUpper () ——————— SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Pages@® SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology LEMAR Gaiam Session 10: Events ‘An Event is an automatic notification that some action has occurred. ‘An Event is built upon Delegate public delegate void Accountoperation () ; public class Account {private int balance; public event Accountoperation UnderBalance; public event AccountOperation OverBalance; public Account() {balance = 5000 ;} public Account (int amount) (balance = amount ;} public void Deposit (int amount) { balance = balance + amount; if (balance > 100000) { OverBalance(); } | , public void Withdraw(int smount) {balancesbalance-amount; | if(balance < 5000) { UnderBalance () ;} — ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Kared Page 6Institute of Information Technology — |ET-FRAMEWORK class Program & SUNBEAM ° wa { static void Main(string [] args) | {Account axisBankaAccount = new Account (15000) ; F //register Event Handlers axisBankAccount .UnderBalance+=PayPenalty; axisBankAccount . UnderBalance+=BlockBankAccount ; axisBankAccount . OverBalance+=PayProfessionalTax; axisBankAccount.OverBalancet= PayIncomeTax; | axisBankAccount Withdraw (15000) ; Console. ReadLine () ; y //Perform Banking Operations | //Ewent handlers | static void PayPenalty() {Console.WriteLine("Pay Penalty of 500 within 15 days"); —} static void BlockBankAccount () {Console.WriteLine("Your Bank Account has been blocked") ;} {Console.WriteLine("You are requested to Pay Professional Tax") ;} static void PayIncomeTax () (Console.WeiteLine("You are requested to Pay Income Tax as 7S") ;} | | static void PayProfessionalTax() | ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 61SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology a TH Placement lative MS.NET Windows Forms. Winforms used to build traditional Desktop applications, ‘The WinForm API supports RAD (Rapid Application Development) and relies extensively on properties to enable you to tailor the WinForm to your needs. Microsoft has supplied its default libraries under the System.Windows.Forms namespace ‘The assembly being System.dil and System.Windows.Forms.dil. Event Driven Applications Individual user actions are translated into “events”, Events are passed one by one to application for processing. GUI based Events Mouse Move, Mouse Click, Mouse double Click,Key press, Button click, Menu Selection Change in Focus, Window Activation Code-behind Events are handled by methods that live behind visual interface Known as “code-behind” Developer job is to program these events. GUI (Graphics User Interface) applications are based on the notion of forms and controls. ‘A form represents a window ‘A form contains zero or more controls ———— ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Page 1“see MS.NET. First WinForm Application qq SsuNBeam Institute of Information Technology Placenent nitive using System.Windows.Forns ; public class Forml : Form { public static void Main() ( //Run the Application Application.Run(new Forml()) ; GDI+ GDI+ resides in System.Drawing.dil assembly. All GDI+ classes are reside in the System.Drawing, System.Text, System.Printing, System. Internal , System.Imaging, System.Drawing2D and System.Design namespaces. The Graphics Class ‘The Graphics class encapsulates GDI+ drawing surfaces. Before drawing any object (for example circle, or rectangle) we have to create a surface using Graphics class. Generally we use Paint event of a Form to get the reference of the graphics. Another way is to ‘override OnPaint method. private void fozml_Paint (object send PaintiventArgs e) ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 2 ISUNEEA Institute of Information Technology da ag Graphics class's method: mn Placement hate DrawAre [Draws an arc from the specified ellipse. DrawBezier | Draws a cubic bezier curve. - | DrawBeziers Draws a series of cubic Bezier curves. DrawClosedcurve | Draws a closed curve defined by an array of points, Drawcurve Draws a curve defined by an array of points. 7 | Deawellipse Draws an ellipse. _ Drawimage [Draws an image. 7 - DrawLine Draws a line. _ DeawPath Draws the lines and curves defined by a GraphicsPath. DrawPie Draws the outline of a pie section. DrawPolygon Draws the outline of a polygon. DeawRectangle | Draws the outline of arectangle. DrawString Draws a string. FillEllipse Fills the interior of an ellipse defined by a bounding rectangle. Filipath Fills the interior of @ path. | FillPie Fills the interior of a pie section FillPolygen Fills the interior of a polygon defined by an array of points. | FillRectangle | Fills the interior of a rectangle with a Brush. “| Filinectangles | Fills the interiors of a series of rectangles with @ Brush, al Filikegion Fills the interior of a Region, ——$—————————— ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 3SUNBEAM yo j Institute of Information Technology Kan tT GDI Objects After creating a Graphics object, you can use it draw lines, fil shapes, draw text and so on. The major objects are: Brush | Used to fill enclosed surfaces with patterns, colors, or bitmaps. Pen _ | Used to draw lines and polygons, including rectangles, arcs, and pies Font | Used to describe the font to be used to render text Color | Used to describe the color used to render a particular object. In GDI+ color can be alpha blended Pen pn = new Pen( Color.Blue ); Pen pn = new Pen( Color.Blue, 100 ); The Font Class The Font class defines a particular format for text such as font type, size, and style attributes. You use font constructor to create a font. Initializes a new instance of the Font class with the specified attributes, Font font = new Font ("Times New Roman”, 26); The Brush Class ‘The Brush class is an abstract base class and cannot be instantiated. We always use its derived classes to instantiate a brush object, such as SolidBrush, TextureBrush, RectangleGradientBrush, and LinearGradientBrush. LinearGradientBrush 1Brush = new LinearGradientBrush (rect, Color.Red, Color. Yellow,LinearGradientMode.BackwardDiagonal) ; 1/08 Brush brsh = new SolidBrush(Color.Red), 40, 40, 140, 140); The SolidBrush class defines a brush made up of a single color. Brushes are used to fill ‘graphics shapes such as rectangles, ellipses, pies, polygons, and paths. The TextureBrush encapsulates a Brush that uses an fills the interior of a shape with an image. ‘The LinearGradiantBrush encapsulates both two-color gradients and custom multi-color gradients. aaaP NNR nenpeunennrenereerees—eceuieeeee= eee SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 4SUNBEAM m «a Institute of Information Technology Mi Ga Rectangle Structure angle (Point, Size); public Rectangle(int, int, int, int); Point Point ptl = new Point( 30, 30); Point pt2 = new Point( 110, 100); Drawing a rectangle protected override void OnPaint (PaintventArgs pe) { Graphics g = pe.Graphics ; Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(50, 30, 100, 100); LinearGradientBrush 1Brush = new LinearGradientBrush (rect, Color.Red, Color. Yellow, LinearGradientMode.BackwardDiagonal) g.FillRectangle(1Brush, rect); b Drawing an Arc Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(50, 50, 200, 100); protected override void OnPaint (PaintEventArgs pe) { Graphics g = pe.Graphics ; Pen pn = new Pen( Color.Blue ); Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(50, 50, 200, 100); g.DrawArc( pn, rect, 12, 84); ) Drawing a Line protected override void OnPaint (PaintBventArgs pe) { Graphics g = pe.Graphics Pen pn = new Pen( Color.Blue ); // Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(50, 50, 200, 100); Point ptl = new Point( 30, 30); Point pt2 = new Point( 110, 100); g.Drawhine( pn, ptl, pt2 ); } ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page SSUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology tae. 48 Placement tive Drawing an Ellipse protected override void OnPaint (PaintEventArgs pe) 4 Graphics g = pe.Graphics ; Pen pn = new Pen( Color.Blue, 100 ); Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(50, 50, 200, 100); g.DrawEllipse( pn, rect ); ) The FillPath protected override void OnPaint (PaintBventArgs pe) t Graphics g = pe.Graphics; g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush (Color.White), ClientRectangle) ; GraphicsPath path = new GraphicsPath (new Point(] { new Point (40, 140), new Point (275, 200), new Point (105, 225), new Point(190, 300), new Point (50, 350), new Point (20, 180), }, new bytel] { (byte) PathPointType. Start, (byte) PathPointType Bezier, (byte) PathPointType.Bezier, (byte) PathPointType.Bezier, (byte) PathPointType.Line, (byte) PathPointType.Line, ne PathGradientBrush pgb = new PathGradientBrush (path) ; pgb.SurroundColors = new Color{] ( Color.Green,Color.¥ellow,Color.Red, Color.Blue, Color.Orange, Color.White, }; g-Fillpath(pgb, path); y Drawing Text and Strings protected override void OnPaint (Paintiventargs pe) { Font fnt = new Font("Verdana", 16); Graphics g = pe.Graphics; g.DrawString ("GDI+ Worl: » , fat, new SolidBrush (Color.Red), 14,10); SS ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 6SUNBEAM 7 aA institute of Information Technology Macks 4 a Placemeat Ita .NET Data Access ADO.NET A rich set of classes, interface, structures and enumerated types that manage data access from different types of data stores ADO.NET Features ‘© A robust connected, disconnected Data Access Model ‘© Integrated XML support © Data from varied Data Sources © Familiarity to ADO programming mode! (unmanaged environment) © Enhanced Support Connected vs. Disconnected Architecture Connected Disconnected State of Constantly kept Opened Closed once data is fetched Connection in cache at client side, ‘Scalability Limited — [More Current Data Always available Not up to date ADO.NET components -NET Data Providers ‘Allow users to interact with different types of data sources. ODBC Providers OLEDB Providers SQL Data Providers Oracle Data Providers DataSets Explicitly designed for disconnected architecture ADO.NET Interfaces IDbConnection : Represents an open connection to a data source. IDbCommand : Represents an SQL statement that is executed while connected to a data source, IDataReader : Provides a means of reading one or more forward-only streams of result sets obtained by executing a command at a data source. ‘IDataAdapter: Provides loosely coupled Data Access with Data Sources. SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune Poge 7SUNBEAM W@ | Institute of Information Technology Ais i rite Has the responsibility of establishing connection with the data source. Connection has to be explicitly closed in finally block. ‘SqlConnection conSql= new SqlConnection(); consql.ConnectionString = “server=DatabaseServer; Initial Cetalog= Transflower; user id= sa; password=sa; conSql.Open() ; Command Object Used to specify the type of interaction to perform with the database like select, insert, update and delete. Exposes properties like: CommandText CommandType Connection Exposes several execute methods like ExecuteScalar() ExecuteReader() ExecuteNonQuery() | i << -. ‘SunBeam Institute of information Technology, Pune, Karad PagesSUNBEAM ae Institute of Information Technology Aue, aa Placement rive //inserting Data | string insertString = “insert inte dept (deptId,deptName,loc) values | (10, /Metg’ , Mumbai’); string updatestring = “update dept set deptName=’Marketing’ where deptName=" Mktg’ ; string deletestring = “delete from dept where deptName=' ABC’; conSql.open() ; sqlCommand ond= new SqlConmand(insertString, conSql) ; end ExecuteNonQuery () ; _ Getting Single Value SqiGonnand cndSqi = new SqiCommand(); emdSql.Connection = conSql; emdSq).CommandText = “Select Count (*) from emp”; int count = (int) emdSql.ExecuteScalar(); MessageBox. Show (count. ToString()) 7 The DataReader Object Used to only read data in forward only sequential manner. string queryStr = “Select deptName, loc from dept” conSql. Open) ; sqlConmand cmdSql = new SqlCommand(queryStr, conSql) ; SqlDataReader dataReader= cmdSql.ExecuteReader () ; while (dataReader .Read()) MesageRox.Show("Last Name is “+ dataRead[0] .ToString()) ; MessageBox. Show ("First Name is “+ dataRead[1] .ToString()) ; ) dataReader.Close() ; —_— ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad PageSuUNBESEAM institule of Information Technology ‘Maa i Placement niiatve Adding parameters to Command conSql.open()? SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("select * from emp where empNo =@eno”, consql) ; SqlParameter param = new SqlParametez() ; param. ParameterName = “@eno”; param.Value = 100; cmd. Parameters .Add (param) ; SqlDataReader reader =cnd.ExecuteDataReader () ; white (reader.Read()) ( //pisplay data Calling a Stored Procedure //Stored Procedure in SQL Server CREATE PROCEDURE DeleteEmpRecord (¢eno) AS delete from emp where empno = Geni RETURN //C# Code SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand (“DeleteEmpRecord”, consq) ; cmd.Commandtype = Conmandtype. StoredProcedure; omc. Parameters .Add( new SqlParameter("@eno”, 100) ; Multiple Que Multiple queries can be executed using a single command object. [ Sqlcommand cmd = nen new SqlCommand(“select * from dept; select * from emp”, consql) ; SqlDataReader reader =cmd.BxecuteDataReader (); /Icode to access first result set bool result = dr.NextResult() ; // code to access next result set —————— ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 10. SUNRBEaAm ° Institute of Information Technology wa. FH Placement iritisive Disconnected Data Access Data Adapter Represents a set of data commands and a database connection that are used to fill the dataset and update a sql server database. Forms a bridge between a disconnected ADO.NET objects and a data source. Supports methods Fil Update (); string salStr= “SELECT * FROM Orders”; SqlAdapter da = new SqlAdapter (sqlStr, con); DataAdapter Properties SelectCommand Insertcommand DeleteCommand UpdateCommand da.SelectCommand.CommandText = “SELECT customerID , ContactName ma Customers”; Saicommand cmd = new SqlCommand (“INSERT inte Customers (CustomerID, CompanyName) VALUES (898, ‘Sunbeam’ da.InsertCommand = command; ‘SunBeam Institute of information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 11,r SUNBEAM W 4 == Institute of Information Technology ia. ein DataSet Main object of disconnected architecture Can store tables with their schema at client side. [Peon] ee ‘SunBeam Institute of information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 12,r SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology Role of CommandBuilder Object ‘Automatically generates Insert, Update, Delete queires by using SelectCommand property of DataAdapter ‘GqiConnection con = new SqlConnection ("server=databaseServer; Initial Catalog= Transflower; userid=sa; password=sa") ; SqlDataAdapter da= new SqlDataAdapter sqiconandbuiider endbuilder= new SqlConmandsutlder (da) DataSet ds= new DataSet (); | Da.Fill(ds, “Cusomters”) : Constraints Constraints restrict the data allowed in a data column or set of data columns. Constraint classes in the System.Data namespace UniqueConstraint ForeignkeyConstraint Using existing primary Key constraint ‘il1Schema (ds, jource, Customers”); typ or da.MissingSchemaaction = AddWithKey; da.Fill (ds, Customers"); ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad, Page 13,fe, mW! TEBE AM Institute of Information Technology ADO.NET and XML With ADO.NET it is easy to Convert data into XML Generate a matching XSD schema Perform an XPath search on a result set. Interact with an ordinary XML document through the ADO.net. DataSet XML Methods Getmi() GetXmiSchema() Readxml() ReadXmiSchema() Writexmi() WritexmiSchema() InferxmlSchema() Concurrency in Disconnected Architecture Disadvantage of disconnected architecture © Conflict can occur when two or more users retrieve and then try to update data in the same row of a table ‘0 The second use’s changes could overwrite the changes made by the first user. Solutions - Optimistic concurrency Retrieves and updates just on row at a time te me serra mam ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 14 | |SUNBEAM institute of Information Technology MS.NET File Handling and Serial Input and Output operation in C# 1/0 in C# is stream based. Stream is flow of data from a source to a receiver through a channel. Two types of Streams Byte Streams Character Streams Three predefined streams are Console.Out Console.In Console.Error System.IO Namespace File 10 using System.IO: System.10 namespace defines all the stream classes, File System Classes | (Coretoy J} tere) | |____.{ FileStream | Directoryinfo }-———| = — | ____[ Filesystemints } (“owen ——~ | Driveinfo_+——4 i — GZipStream Path —} _f C= saa (Fie }—— J L____{ Defiatestream —— SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 15SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology Directory Class Static class and helps to manage a single directory. ia. Placement Iitatve Bering DirectoryName = @”C:\MyDirectory”; if (Directory. Exists (DirectoryName) ) (MessageBox. Show ("Exists") } else {Directory.CreateDirectory (DirectoryName) ; MessageBox. Show (“Created”) ; , DirectoryInfo Class Extends the FileSystemInfo class. Performing operations such as copying, moving, renar 19, creating, and deleting, ‘string DirectoryName = @”C:\MyDirectory” if (Directory. Exists (DirectoryName) ) { MessageBox.Show("Exists”); —} else a.create(); MessageBox. Show ("Created") ; Driveinfo and Path Class Drivelnfo class Models a drive and gives its information string 3 = @"C:\"F DriveInfo d = new DriveInfo(s) ; MessageBox.Show (d.AvailableFreeSpace.ToString (), 4. Path class Used to manage file and directory paths. { DixectoryInfo d= new DirectoryInfo (DizectoryName) ; MessageBox.Show (Path.GetPileName(s)) 7 MessageBox.Show (Path.GetTempPath ()) : ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad CF String s = @”C:\temp\MyData.text\machine. config”; Page 16SuNBEAM Institute of Information Technology ha re File Class Static class and helps to manage a single file “string FileName = @”C:\MyFile.dat"; if (File.Exists (FileName)) 4 : | MessageBox.show ("Ceéated”) | Other File System Classes DeflatesStream GZipStream SerialPort FileSysteminfo Stream class Stream is an abstract base class for all other stream classes Common 1/0 Stream Classes (Sn) _ — [cormsiean') iC = (esteem } ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 17SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology wid Placement Iriaive Used to perform operations liked read, write, open, and close operations on files on a file system. For better performance, FileStream class buffers input and output. aryReader and BinaryWriter Class BinaryReader class is used to read data in binary files. BinaryWriter class is used to write data to binary files. : i The Character Stream Wrapper Classes TextReader Abstract class to read sequential series of characters Inherited by StreamReader StringReader TextWriter Abstract class to write sequential series of characters Inherited by StreamWriter StringWriter StreamReader Used to read data from stream. ‘StreamReader sx = StreamReader (@”c:\PilelO.txt “); MessageBox.Show (sr.ReadToEnd() .ToString()) ; sr.Close (); StreamWriter Class Used to write data to a stream. StreanWriter sw = new StreanWriter (@”C:\FileIO. txt”) ; sw. Write (“Pransflower") ; sw.Close() i — ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 18SUNBEAM Institute of Information Technology Serialization Persistence is mapped by using serialization Serialization is a process of converting data into portable format — Cc [meer }- [Sa Serialization Process ‘Type of Serialization Binary Serialization ‘System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary XML Serialization ‘System.Xml.Serialization SOAP Serialization ‘System.Runtime. Serialization.Formatters.Scap [NonSerialized] attribute Indicates that a field of a serializable class should not be serialized To reduce the size of the serialized object add the [NonSerialized] attribute to the member For example [NonSerialized] public string Name; ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 194 | SUNBEAM A Institute of Information Technology Plscement itiatve Garbage Collection com Programmatically implement reference counting and handle circular references CH Programmatically uses the new operator and delete operator Visual Basic Automation memory management Manual vs. Automatic Memory Management ‘Common problems with manual memory management Failure to release memory Invalid references to freed memory ‘Automatic memory management provided with .NET Runtime Eases programming task Eliminates a potential source of bugs. Garbage Collector Manages the allocation and release of memory for your application. Application Roots. Identifies live object references or application roots and builds their graph 2, Objects not in the graph are not accessible by the application and hence considered garbage. Finds the memory that can be reclaimed. Move all the live object to the bottom of the heap, leaving free space at the top. Looks for contiguous block objects & then shifts the non-garbage objects down in memory. 6. Updates pointers to point new locations. a ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 20 I.- SUNBEAM a institute of Information Technology fas 4 : Placement [geepetationt | [>= “Objects that survive cc Generation 0 | | “Short lived objects Resource Management Types plicit Resource Management With Finalize () method. Will be required when an object encapsulates unmanaged resources like: file, window or network connection. Explicit Resource Management By implementing IDisposable Interface and writing Dispose method. Implicit Recourse Management with Finalization Writing Destructors in C#: Class car ( ~car () //destructor { // cleanup statements} ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 21,m 4 : SUNBEAM Af Institute of Information Technology Placement ri Resource Management Implement IDisposable Interface. Defines Dispose () method to release allocated unmanaged resources. — Clean up of unmanaged resources Resoureetieoner = ae 9 f [eer eho + Fle handles Mp TF -Windownendos 1 Resoorcedaner jemacneamene + Developer can explicit clean up ‘unmanaged resources a cn ‘SunBeam Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Karad Page 22,