Presented to the Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

De La Salle University - Manila

Second Term, A.Y. 2021-2022

In partial fulfillment
of the course
Wireless Communication
COMWIRL EK2

Members:
Carbonel, John Benedict M.
Ong, Carl Nixon D.
Orsos, Marc Lance J.

Submitted to:
Dr. Reggie Gustilo

Date
December 11, 2022
1. Prepare a contour map with a scale of 1 : 50,000. You can download a map from
http://www.namria.gov.ph/download.php#maps

Contour Map:
2. Locate 3 points (A, B and C) in the above that between 25km to 35km apart (These
points must have a line of sight with each other.

Google Earth View:

Point A:
Near Gapan City (Latitude: 15°18'18.98"N; Longitude: 120°57'14.01"E)

Point B:
Near La Torre (Latitude: 15°34'25.64"N; Longitude: 120°55'21.41"E)
 Point C:
Near La Paz (Latitude: 15°27'9.43"N; Longitude: 120°43'0.87"E)

Overall Google earth view

3. Draw the azimuth for each link. Watch this youtube video as your reference.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lM6kWrgsGYw

Azimuth (Point C to A): 122.80o

Azimuth (Point A to C): 302.8o
Azimuth (Point A to B): 353.64o
Azimuth (Point B to A): 173.64o
Azimuth (Point B to C): 238.60o
Azimuth (Point C to B) 58.60o
All the Azimuth Connected
4. Compute and draw the elevation or depression angles of each antenna from each
site facing the other site. (eg. From site A to B transmitter and from site B to A receiver)

Point A to Point B
Distance: 30 km
Height from B to A: 38-19
Height from B to A: 19m
Elevation Angle = arctan(19m/30km)
Elevation Angle = 32.35
Depression Angle = 90 - Elevation Angle
Depression Angle = 57.65

Point B to Point C
Distance: 25.8 km
Height from C to B: 38-17
Height from C to B: 21m
Elevation Angle = arctan(21m/25.8km)
Elevation Angle = 39.14
Depression Angle = 90 - Elevation Angle
Depression Angle = 50.86

Point C to Point A
Distance: 30.2 km
Height from A to C: 19-18
Height from A to C: 1m
Elevation Angle = arctan(1m/30.2km)
Elevation Angle = 1.9
Depression Angle = 90 - Elevation Angle
Depression Angle = 88.1
5. Radio Path Profile
6. Reflection Points
● Point A to C: 15.1 m

● Point A to B: 15 m

● Point B to C: 12.9 m
7. Antenna Heights
Equation: 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 4 ℎ1 + 4 ℎ2
● Point A-to-Point B Link:
○ Assume: h1 = h2
○ 30 = 4 ℎ1 + 4 ℎ2
○ h1 = h2 = 14.06 𝑚 = 46.13 𝑓𝑡
14.06m → 30m
*antenna height was increased from 14.06m to 30m to reach fresnel zone specifications

● Point B-to-Point C Link:

○ Assume: h1 = h2
○ 25.8 = 4 ℎ1 + 4 ℎ2
○ h1 = h2 = 10.4 𝑚 = 34.12 𝑓𝑡
10.4m -> 25m
*antenna height was increased from 10.4m to 25m to reach fresnel zone specifications

● Point C-to-Point A Link:

○ Assume: h1 = h2
○ 30.2 = 4 ℎ1 + 4 ℎ2
○ h1 = h2 = 14.25 𝑚 = 46.75 𝑓𝑡
14.25m -> 30m
*antenna height was increased from 14.25m to 30m to reach fresnel zone specifications
8. Fresnel Zone
● Antenna LOS
○ Point B to Point A
ℎ𝐵−ℎ𝐴
■ 𝑦1 = 30
𝑑𝑖 + ℎ𝐴
38−19
■ 𝑦1 = 30
𝑑𝑖 + 19
■ 𝑦1 = 0. 63𝑑𝑖 + 19
○ Point C to Point B
ℎ𝐶−ℎ𝐵
■ 𝑦2 = 25.8
𝑑𝑖 + ℎ𝐵
17−38
■ 𝑦2 = 25.8
𝑑𝑖 + 38
■ 𝑦2 =− 0. 81𝑑𝑖 + 38
○ Point A to Point C
ℎ𝐴−ℎ𝐶
■ 𝑦3 = 30.2
𝑑𝑖 + ℎ𝐶
19−18
■ 𝑦3 = 30.2
𝑑𝑖 + 18
■ 𝑦3 = 0. 03𝑑𝑖 + 18
● Fresnel Zone Radius Computation
(𝑑𝑖)(𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 − 𝑑𝑖)
○ 17. 3 × (3.9)[(𝑑𝑖)+(𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 − 𝑑𝑖)]
● Fresnel Zone Graphs
○ Point A to B

○ Point B to C
 ○ Point C to A

9. Commercially Available Parabolic Dish

- USX12-3

Frequency to be used 3.9 GHz

Operating Frequency Band: 3.6 - 4.2 GHz
Antenna gain (mid band): 40.9 dB

Sensitivity:
Formula to be used:
Assume a Te of 1000K and T of 290K to obtain a Noise figure of
𝑁. 𝐹. = 6. 474 𝑑𝐵

𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝑑𝐵𝑚) = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝐾𝑇𝑒/1𝑚𝑊) + 𝑁𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝐹𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 + 10𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝐵)

−23 9
= 10𝑙𝑜𝑔((1. 38𝑥10 )(1000)/1𝑚𝑊)) + 6. 474𝑑𝐵 + 10𝑙𝑜𝑔(0. 6𝑥10 )
= -74.35dB
10. Bandwidth and Number of Channels
- Bandwidth
- 4.2 - 3.6 GHz
- 0.6GHz → 600 MHz
- Modulation Scheme
- 1024-QAM
- Bits per Symbol: 10 bps
- Channel Size: 56 MHz
- Capacity: 472 Mbps
- Number of Channels
600 𝑀𝐻𝑧
- 56 𝑀𝐻𝑧
= 10. 71 ≈ 11 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑠
11. Free Space Path Loss
Equation to be used:
Point A to Point B = 30 km
Point B to Point C = 25.8 km
Point C to Point A = 30.2 km

92.4 + 20log(F(GHz)) + 20log(D(km))

Link Distance (in km) Frequency (in GHz) FSL (dB)

Link A to B 30 3.6 133.0684751

Link B to A 3.656 133.2025488

Link B to C 25.8 3.712 132.0245535

Link C to B 3.768 132.154612

Link C to A 30.2 3.824 133.6504965

Link A to C 3.880 133.7767734

12. Effect of Terrain

Factor Condition Value

Terrain Average terrain with some 1

roughness

Climate Humid climate 1

Rain 0.1 dB/km for 6 GHz 0.1 dB/km

0.6 dB/km for 10 GHz
13. Fade Margin
- Reliability of at least 99.99999%
(1−𝑃𝑅)
- 𝑀𝐹𝑀 = − 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔[ −6 3 ]
(2.5𝑥10 𝑎𝑏𝑓𝐷 )
Converting km to miles
30 km = 18.64 mi.
25.8 km = 16.03 mi.
30.2 km = 18.77 mi.
(1−(0.9999999)
- 𝑀𝐹𝑀 = − 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔[ −6 3 ] = 57.65
(2.5𝑥10 (1)(1)(3.6𝐺𝐻𝑧)(18.64 𝑚𝑖. )
(1−(0.9999999)
𝑀𝐹𝑀 = − 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔[ −6 3 ] = 57.72
(2.5𝑥10 (1)(1)(3.656𝐺𝐻𝑧)(18.64 𝑚𝑖. )
(1−(0.9999999)
- 𝑀𝐹𝑀 = − 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔[ −6 3 ] = 55.82
(2.5𝑥10 (1)(1)(3.712𝐺𝐻𝑧)(16.03 𝑚𝑖. )
(1−(0.9999999)
- 𝑀𝐹𝑀 = − 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔[ −6 3 ] = 55.89
(2.5𝑥10 (1)(1)(3.768𝐺𝐻𝑧)(16.03 𝑚𝑖. )
(1−(0.9999999)
- 𝑀𝐹𝑀 = − 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔[ −6 3 ] = 58.01
(2.5𝑥10 (1)(1)(3.824𝐺𝐻𝑧)(18.77 𝑚𝑖. )
(1−(0.9999999)
- 𝑀𝐹𝑀 = − 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔[ −6 3 ] = 58.07
(2.5𝑥10 (1)(1)(3.880𝐺𝐻𝑧)(18.77 𝑚𝑖. )

Link Distance (in mi) Frequency (in GHz) FM (dB)

Link A to B 18.64 3.6 57.65

Link B to A 3.656 57.72

Link B to C 16.03 3.712 55.82

Link C to B 3.768 55.89

Link C to A 18.77 3.824 58.01

Link A to C 3.880 58.07

14. Received Signal Level

Cable loss of 0.13dB/m

Point A Antenna Height = 30m

30 * 0.13dB/m = 3.9 dB
Point B Antenna Height = 25m
25 * 0.13dB/m = 3.25 dB
Point C Antenna Height = 30m
30 * 0.13dB/m = 3.9 dB
Output power (EIRP)
EIRP = Antenna gain (dB) + Transmitter power (dB) + Amplifier Power (dB) -
Cable loss (dB)
EIRP = 40.9dB + 26dB + 57dB - cable loss
EIRP = 123.9 dB - cable loss
RSL = EIRP - FSL - MFM - Rain attenuation + Rx gain - cable loss + LNA
LINK EIRP FSL MFM Rain Rx Rx Antenna LNA RSL
(dB) (dB) (dB) attenuation Cable Gain (dB) (dB)
(dB) Loss (dB)
(dB)

Link A -133.06 -57.65 -3.71

120 -3 -3.9 40.9 33
to B

Link B -133.20 -57.72 -3.92

120 -3 -3.9 40.9 33
to A

Link B 120.6 -132.02 0.88

-55.82 -2.58 -3.25 40.9 33
to C 5

Link C 120.6 -132.15 0.68

-55.89 -2.58 -3.25 40.9 33
to B 5

Link C -133.65 -58.01 -4.68

120 -3.02 -3.9 40.9 33
to A

Link A -133.77 -58.07 -4.86

120 -3.02 -3.9 40.9 33
to C

Conclusion:
Based on the data provided by the group’s paper, it can be seen that each of the objectives
were all met. The three points located near Gapan City, La Paz city, La Torre each had their
antenna heights increased from the minimum calculated so as to clear the fresnel zone
specifications. The proposed components ranging from the antenna, power amplifier, waveguide
cable, low noise amplifier, and the antenna were able to generate a minimum received signal
level of -4.86dB, well above the limit of -10dBm.

Contributions
Carbonel, John Benedict Tasks 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 14

Ong, Carl Nixon Tasks 3, 6, 9, 11, 12 13, 14

Orsos, Marc Lance Tasks 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14. Aided in all of the
computations needed for the project.
Reference:
AnaPico (2022) APULN High Performance Signal Generator - up to 40 GHz. Retrieved from:
https://www.anapico.com/products/rf-signal-generators/single-output-rf-and-microwave-s
ignal-generators/apuln-series-high-end-models-up-to-40-ghz/?gclid=Cj0KCQiA37KbBh
DgARIsAIzce16D5A-Y9JifUw7SIQI14Sva7T_6HzNUWmwZB2AnJwAMAmVPzdWN
NLoaAui6EALw_wcB

Avalontest (2011) GT-500 Series Gridded (Pulse and CW) TWT Microwave Power Amplifiers.
Retrieved from:
https://avalontest.com/images/uploaded/Amplifier_IFI_GT500_Pulse_CWseries%20(1).p
df

Commscope (2021) USX12-3. Retrieved from:

https://www.commscope.com/globalassets/digizuite/261420-p360-usx12-3-external.pdf

Commscope (2021) F229CCS4. Retrieved from:

https://www.commscope.com/globalassets/digizuite/112235-p360-f229ccs4-external.pdf

Everything RF (n.d.) Minimum Detectable Signal Calculator. Retrieved from:

https://www.everythingrf.com/rf-calculators/minimum-detectable-signal-calculator

Layne, D. (2014) Receiver Sensitivity and Equivalent Noise Bandwidth. Retrieved from:
https://www.highfrequencyelectronics.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article
&id=553:receiver-sensitivity-and-equivalent-noise-bandwidth&catid=94:2014-06-june-ar
ticles&Itemid=189

Microwave-link (n.d.) QAM Modulation for Microwave Links. Retrieved from:

https://www.microwave-link.com/microwave/qam-modulation-for-microwave-links/

Wenteq (n.d.) BROADBAND LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER ABL0600-33-3509. Retrieved from:

https://irp.cdn-website.com/eecbf579/files/uploaded/ABL0600-33-3509.pdf
APPENDIX A: MICROWAVE SIGNAL GENERATOR DATASHEET
APPENDIX B: HIGH POWER AMPLIFIER DATASHEET
APPENDIX C: ANTENNA DATASHEET
APPENDIX D: WAVEGUIDE FLEXIBLE TWIST DATASHEET
APPENDIX E: LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER DATASHEET