lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

Mini Project Report On

Food Delivery Website

By

Abhishek Yadav (2001330100021) (TL)

Aman Singh (2001330100042)

Abhinav Singh (2001330100012)

Abhishek Yadav (2001330100022)

Under the Supervision of

Submitted to the department of Computer Science and Engineering

For the partial fulfilment of the requirements

for award of Bachelor of Technology in

Computer Science and Engineering

Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology Gr. Noida

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh,

India

May, 2022-2023
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

Introduction of the Project Online Food Ordering System:

The "Online Food Ordering System" has been developed to override the problems
prevailing in the practicing manual system. This software is supported to eliminate and,
in some cases, reduce the hardships faced by this existing system. Moreover, this system
is designed for the particular need of the company to carry out operations in a smooth
and effective manner.

The application is reduced as much as possible to avoid errors while entering the data. It
also provides error message while entering invalid data. No formal knowledge is needed
for the user to use this system. Thus, by this all it proves it is user-friendly. Online Food
Ordering System, as described above, can lead to error free, secure, reliable and fast
management system. It can assist the user to concentrate on their other activities rather
to concentrate on the record keeping. Thus, it will help organization in better utilization of
resources.

Every organization, whether big or small, has challenges to overcome and managing the
information of Category, Food Item, Order, Payment, Confirm Order. Every Online Food
Ordering System has different Food Item needs; therefore, we design exclusive employee
management systems that are adapted to your managerial requirements. This is
designed to assist in strategic planning and will help you ensure that your organization is
equipped with the right level of information and details for your future goals. Also, for those
busy executives who are always on the go, our systems come with remote access
features, which will allow you to manage your workforce anytime, at all times. These
systems will ultimately allow you to better manage resources.
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

Abstract of the Project Online Food Ordering System:

The purpose of Online Food Ordering System is to automate the existing manual
system by the help of computerized equipment’s and full-fledged computer software,
fulfilling their requirements, so that their valuable data/information can be stored for a
longer period with easy accessing and manipulation of the same. The required software
and hardware are easily available and easy to work with.

Online Food Ordering System, as described above, can lead to error free, secure,
reliable and fast management system. It can assist the user to concentrate on their other
activities rather to concentrate on the record keeping. Thus it will help organization in
better utilization of resources. The organization can maintain computerized records
without redundant entries. That means that one need not be distracted by information that
is not relevant, while being able to reach the information.

The aim is to automate its existing manual system by the help of computerized
equipment’s and full-fledged computer software, fulfilling their requirements, so that their
valuable data/information can be stored for a longer period with easy accessing and
manipulation of the same. Basically the project describes how to manage for good
performance and better services for the clients.
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

Objective of Project on Online Food Ordering System:

The main objective of the Project on Online Food Ordering System is to manage
the details of Food Item, Category, Customer, Order, Confirm Order. It manages all the
information about Food Item, Payment, Confirm Order, Food Item. The project is totally
built at administrative end and thus only the administrator is guaranteed the access. The
purpose of the project is to build an application program to reduce the manual work for
managing the Food Item, Category, Payment, Customer. It tracks all the details about the
Customer, Order, Confirm Order.
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

Functionalities provided by Online Food Ordering System are as follows:

• Provides the searching facilities based on various factors. Such as Food Item,
Customer, Order, Confirm Order
• Online Food Ordering System also manage the Payment details online for
Order details, Confirm Order details, Food Item.
• It tracks all the information of Category, Payment, Order etc
• Manage the information of Category
• Shows the information and description of the Food Item, Customer
• To increase efficiency of managing the Food Item, Category
• It deals with monitoring the information and transactions of Order.
• Manage the information of Food Item
• Editing, adding and updating of Records is improved which results in proper
resource management of Food Item data.
• Manage the information of Order
• Integration of all records of Confirm Order.
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

Scope of the project Online Food Ordering System

It may help collecting perfect management in detail. In a very short time, the
collection will be obvious, simple and sensible. It will help a person to know the
management of passed year perfectly and vividly. It also helps in current all works relative
to Online Food Ordering System. It will be also reduced the cost of collecting the
management & collection procedure will go on smoothly.

Our project aims at Business process automation, i.e. we have tried to computerize
various processes of Online Food Ordering System.

• In computer system the person has to fill the various forms & number of copies
of the forms can be easily generated at a time.
• In computer system, it is not necessary to create the manifest but we can
directly print it, which saves our time.
• To assist the staff in capturing the effort spent on their respective working areas.
• To utilize resources in an efficient manner by increasing their productivity
through automation.
• The system generates types of information that can be used for various
purposes.
• It satisfy the user requirement
• Be easy to understand by the user and operator
• Be easy to operate
• Have a good user interface
• Be expandable
• Delivered on schedule within the budget.

Reports of Online Food Ordering System:

• It generates the report on Food Item, Category, Payment

• Provide filter reports on Customer, Order, Confirm Order
• You can easily export PDF for the Food Item, Payment, Order
• Application also provides excel export for Category, Customer, Confirm Order
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

• You can also export the report into csv format for Food Item, Category, Confirm
Order

Modules of Online Food Ordering System:

• Food Item Management Module: Used for managing the Food Item details.
• Confirm Order Module : Used for managing the details of Confirm Order
• Payment Module : Used for managing the details of Payment
• Category Management Module: Used for managing the information and details
of the Category.
• Customer Module : Used for managing the Customer details
• Order Module : Used for managing the Order information’s
• Login Module: Used for managing the login details
• Users Module : Used for managing the users of the system

Input Data and Validation of Project on Online Food Ordering System

• All the fields such as Food Item, Customer, Confirm Order are validated and
does not take invalid values
• Each form for Food Item, Category, Payment can not accept blank value fields
• Avoiding errors in data
• Controlling amount of input
• Integration of all the modules/forms in the system.
• Preparation of the test cases.
• Preparation of the possible test data with all the validation checks.
• Actual testing done manually.
• Recording of all the reproduced errors.
• Modifications done for the errors found during testing.
• Prepared the test result scripts after rectification of the errors.
• Functionality of the entire module/forms.
• Validations for user input.
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

• Checking of the Coding standards to be maintained during coding.

• Testing the module with all the possible test data.
• Testing of the functionality involving all type of calculations etc.
• Commenting standard in the source files.

The software quality plan we will use the following SQA Strategy:

• In the first step, we will select the test factors and rank them. The selected test
factors such as reliability, maintainability, portability or etc., will be placed in the
matrix according to their ranks.
• The second step is for identifying the phases of the development process. The
phase should be recorded in the matrix.
• The third step is that identifying the business risks of the software deliverables.
The risks will be ranked into three ranks such as high, medium and low.
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

Features of the project Online Food Ordering System:

• Product and Component based

• Creating & Changing Issues at ease
• Query Issue List to any depth
• Reporting & Charting in more comprehensive way
• User Accounts to control the access and maintain security
• Simple Status & Resolutions
• Multi-level Priorities & Severities.
• Targets & Milestones for guiding the programmers
• Attachments & Additional Comments for more information
• Robust database back-end
• Various level of reports available with a lot of filter criteria’s It contains better
storage capacity.
• Accuracy in work.
• Easy & fast retrieval of information.
• Well-designed reports.
• Decrease the load of the person involve in existing manual system.
• Access of any information individually.
• Work becomes very speedy.
• Easy to update information

Software Requirement Specification

The Software Requirements Specification is produced at the culmination of the
analysis task. The function and performance allocated to software as part of system
engineering are refined by establishing a complete information description, a detailed
functional and behavioral description, an indication of performance requirements and
design constraints, appropriate validation criteria, and other data pertinent to
requirements.

The proposed system has the following requirements:

 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

• System needs store information about new entry of Food Item.

• System needs to help the internal staff to keep information of Category and find
them as per various queries.

• System need to maintain quantity record.

• System need to keep the record of Customer.
• System need to update and delete the record.
• System also needs a search area.
• It also needs a security system to prevent data.

Identification of need:

The old manual system was suffering from a series of drawbacks. Since whole of
the system was to be maintained with hands the process of keeping, maintaining and
retrieving the information was very tedious and lengthy. The records were never used to
be in a systematic order. there used to be lots of difficulties in associating any particular
transaction with a particular context. If any information was to be found it was required to
go through the different registers, documents there would never exist anything like report
generation. There would always be unnecessary consumption of time while entering
records and retrieving records. One more problem was that it was very difficult to find
errors while entering the records. Once the records were entered it was very difficult to
update these records.

The reason behind it is that there is lot of information to be maintained and have
to be kept in mind while running the business .For this reason we have provided features
Present system is partially automated (computerized), actually existing system is quite
laborious as one has to enter same information at three different places.

Following points should be well considered:

• Documents and reports that must be provided by the new system: there can also
be few reports, which can help management in decision-making and cost
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

controlling, but since these reports do not get required attention, such kind of
reports and information were also identified and given required attention.
• Details of the information needed for each document and report.
• The required frequency and distribution for each document.
• Probable sources of information for each document and report.
• With the implementation of computerized system, the task of keeping records in
an organized manner will be solved. The greatest of all is the retrieval of
information, which will be at the click of the mouse. So the proposed system helps
in saving the time in different operations and making information flow easy giving
valuable reports.

Feasibility Study:
After doing the project Online Food Ordering System, study and analyzing all the
existing or required functionalities of the system, the next task is to do the feasibility study
for the project. All projects are feasible - given unlimited resources and infinite time.
Feasibility study includes consideration of all the possible ways to provide a solution to
the given problem. The proposed solution should satisfy all the user requirements and
should be flexible enough so that future changes can be easily done based on the future
upcoming requirements.
A. Economical Feasibility
This is a very important aspect to be considered while developing a project. We decided
the technology based on minimum possible cost factor.
• All hardware and software cost has to be borne by the organization.
• Overall we have estimated that the benefits the organization is going to receive
from the proposed system will surely overcome the initial costs and the later on
running cost for system.

B. Technical Feasibility
This included the study of function, performance and constraints that may affect
the ability to achieve an acceptable system. For this feasibility study, we studied complete
functionality to be provided in the system, as described in the System Requirement
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

Specification (SRS), and checked if everything was possible using different type of
frontend and backend plaformst.

C. Operational Feasibility
No doubt the proposed system is fully GUI based that is very user friendly and all
inputs to be taken all self-explanatory even to a layman. Besides, a proper training has
been conducted to let know the essence of the system to the users so that they feel
comfortable with new system. As far our study is concerned the clients are comfortable
and happy as the system has cut down their loads and doing.

System Design of Online Food Ordering System

In this phase, a logical system is built which fulfils the given requirements. Design
phase of software development deals with transforming the client’s requirements into a
logically working system. Normally, design is performed in the following in the following
two steps:

1. Primary Design Phase:

In this phase, the system is designed at block level. The blocks are created on the
basis of analysis done in the problem identification phase. Different blocks are
created for different functions emphasis is put on minimizing the information flow
between blocks. Thus, all activities which require more interaction are kept in one
block.
2. Secondary Design Phase:
In the secondary phase the detailed design of every block is performed.

The general tasks involved in the design process are the following:

1. Design various blocks for overall system processes.

2. Design smaller, compact and workable modules in each block.
3. Design various database structures.
4. Specify details of programs to achieve desired functionality.
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

5. Design the form of inputs, and outputs of the system.

6. Perform documentation of the design.
7. System reviews.

User Interface Design

User Interface Design is concerned with the dialogue between a user and the

computer. It is concerned with everything from starting the system or logging into the

system to the eventually presentation of desired inputs and outputs. The overall flow of

screens and messages is called a dialogue

The following steps are various guidelines for User Interface Design:

1. The system user should always be aware of what to do next.

2. The screen should be formatted so that various types of information, instructions

and messages always appear in the same general display area.

3. Message, instructions or information should be displayed long enough to allow the

system user to read them.

4. Use display attributes sparingly.

5. Default values for fields and answers to be entered by the user should be specified.

6. A user should not be allowed to proceed without correcting an error.

7. The system user should never get an operating system message or fatal error.

Preliminary Product Description:

The first step in the system development life cycle is the preliminary investigation
to determine the feasibility of the system. The purpose of the preliminary investigation is
to evaluate project requests. It is not a design study nor does it include the collection of
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

details to describe the business system in all respect. Rather, it is the collecting of
information that helps committee members to evaluate the merits of the project request
and make an informed judgment about the feasibility of the proposed project.

Analysts working on the preliminary investigation should accomplish the

following objectives:

• Clarify and understand the project request Determine the size of the project.
• Assess costs and benefits of alternative approaches.
• Determine the technical and operational feasibility of alternative approaches.
• Report the findings to management, with recommendations outlining the
acceptance or rejection of the proposal.

• Benefit to Organization

The organization will obviously be able to gain benefits such as savings in

operating cost, reduction in paperwork, better utilization of human resources and more
presentable image increasing goodwill.

• The Initial Cost

The initial cost of setting up the system will include the cost of hardware software
(OS, add-on software, utilities) & labor (setup & maintenance). The same has to bear by
the organization.

• Running Cost

Besides, the initial cost the long term cost will include the running cost for the
system including the AMC, stationary charges, cost for human resources, cost for
update/renewal of various related software.

• Need for Training

 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

The users along with the administrator need to be trained at the time of
implementation of the system for smooth running of the system. The client will provide
the training site.

We talked to the management people who were managing a the financial issues
of the center, the staff who were keeping the records in lots of registers and the reporting
manager regarding their existing system, their requirements and their expectations from
the new proposed system. Then, we did the system study of the entire system based on
their requirements and the additional features they wanted to incorporate in this system.

Reliable, accurate and secure data was also considered to be a complex task
without this proposed system. Because there was no such record for keeping track of all
the activities, which was done by the Online Food Ordering System on the daily basis.

The new system proposed and then developed by me will ease the task of the
organization in consideration. It will be helpful in generating the required reports by the
staff, which will help them to track their progress and services.

Thus, it will ease the task of Management to a great extent as all the major activities
to be performed, are computerized through this system.

Project Category

Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) : This is an RDBMS based project

which is currently using MySQL for all the transaction statements. MySQL is an
opensource RDBMS System.

Brief Introduction about RDBSM :

A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database management system

(DBMS) that is based on the relational model as invented by E. F. Codd, of IBM's San
Jose Research Laboratory. Many popular databases currently in use are based on the
relational database model.
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

RDBMSs have become a predominant choice for the storage of information in new
databases used for financial records, manufacturing and logistical information, personnel
data, and much more since the 1980s. Relational databases have often replaced legacy
hierarchical databases and network databases because they are easier to understand
and use. However, relational databases have been challenged by object databases,
which were introduced in an attempt to address the object-relational impedance mismatch
in relational database, and XML databases.

Implementation Methodology:
Model View Controller or MVC as it is popularly called, is a software design pattern for
developing web applications. A Model View Controller pattern is made up of the
following three parts:
• Model - The lowest level of the pattern which is responsible for maintaining data.
View - This is responsible for displaying all or a portion of the data to the user.
• Controller - Software Code that controls the interactions between the Model and
View.
MVC is popular as it isolates the application logic from the user interface layer and
supports separation of concerns. Here the Controller receives all requests for the
application and then works with the Model to prepare any data needed by the View. The
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

View then uses the data prepared by the Controller to generate a final presentable
response. The MVC abstraction can be graphically represented as follows.
MVC (Model View Controller Flow) Diagram

DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS

Project Planning:

Software project plan can be viewed as the following:

1) Within the organization : How the project is to be implemented? What are

various constraints (time, cost, staff)? What is market strategy?

2) With respect to the customer: Weekly or timely meetings with the customer with
presentation on status reports. Customers feedback is also taken and further
modification and developments are done. Project milestones and deliverables are
also presented to the customer.
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

For a successful software project, the following steps can be followed:

• Select a project

• o Identifying project’s aims and objectives

• o Understanding requirements and specification

• o Methods of analysis, design and implementation

• o Testing techniques

• o Documentation

• Project milestones and deliverables

• Budget allocation

• Exceeding limits within control

• Project Estimates

o Cost

o Time

o Size of code
Cost estimation of the project:

Software cost comprises a small percentage of overall computer-based system cost.

There are a number of factors, which are considered, that can affect the ultimate cost of
the software such as - human, technical, Hardware and Software availability etc.

The main point that was considered during the cost estimation of project was its sizing.
In spite of complete software sizing, function point and approximate lines of code were
also used to "size" each element of the Software and their costing.

The cost estimation done by me for Project also depend upon the baseline metrics
collected from past projects and these were used in conjunction with estimation variables
to develop cost and effort projections.

We have basically estimated this project mainly on two bases -

1) Effort Estimation - This refers to the total man-hours required for the development
of the project. It even includes the time required for doing documentation and user
manual.

2) Hardware Required Estimation - This includes the cost of the PCs and the
hardware cost required for development of this project.

Tools/Platform, Hardware and Software Requirement specifications:

Software Requirements:
Name of component Specification
Operating System Windows 98, Windows XP, Windows7,
Linux
Language Python 3.5
Database SQL lite Server
Browser Any of Mozilla, Opera, Chrome etc.
Framework Django(2.0)
Web Technologies Html, CSS, JavaScript
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

Hardware Requirements:
Name of component Specification
Processor Pentium III 630MHz
RAM 128 MB
Hard disk 20 GB
Monitor 15” color monitor
Keyboard 122 keys
Project Profile

There has been continuous effort to develop tools, which can ease the process of
software development. But, with the evolving trend of different programming paradigms
today’s software developers are really challenged to deal with the changing technology.
Among other issues, software re-engineering is being regarded as an important process
in the software development industry. One of the major tasks here is to understand
software systems that are already developed and to transform them to a different software
environment. Generally, this requires a lot of manual effort in going through a program
that might have been developed by another programmer. This project makes a novel
attempt to address the issued of program analysis and generation of diagrams, which can
depict the structure of a program in a better way. Today, UML is being considered as an
industrial standard for software engineering design process. It essential provides several
diagramming tools that can express different aspects/ characteristics of program such as

Use cases: Elicit requirement from users in meaningful chunks. Construction planning is
built around delivering some use cases n each interaction basis for system testing.

Class diagrams: shows static structure of concepts, types and class. Concepts how
users think about the world; type shows interfaces of software components; classes
shows implementation of software components.

Interaction diagrams: shows how several objects collaborate in single use case.

Package diagram: show group of classes and dependencies among them.

State diagram: show how single object behaves across many use cases.
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

Activity diagram: shows behavior with control structure. Can show many objects over
many uses, many object in single use case, or implementations methods encourage
parallel behavior, etc.

The end-product of this project is a comprehensive tool that can parse any vb.net
program and extract most of the object oriented features inherent in the program such as
polymorphism, inheritance, encapsulation and abstraction.

What is UML?

UML stands for Unified Modeling Language is the successor to the wave of Object
Oriented Analysis and Design (OOA&D) methods that appeared in the late 80’s. It most
directly unifies the methods of Booch, Rumbaugh (OMT) and Jacobson. The UML is
called a modeling language, not a method. Most methods consist at least in principle, of
both a modeling language and a process. The Modeling language is that notation that
methods used to express design.

Notations and meta-models:

The notation is the graphical stuff; it is the syntax of the modeling language. For instance,
class diagram notation defines how items are concepts such as class, association, and
multiplicity is represented. These are:

Class Diagram: The class diagram technique has become truly central within
objectoriented methods. Virtually every method has included some variation on this
technique. Class diagram is also subject to the greatest range of modeling concept.
Although the basic elements are needed by everyone, advanced concepts are used less
often. A class diagram describes the types of objects in the system and the various kinds
of static relationship that exist among them. There are two principal kinds of static
relationship:

• Association
• Subtype
Class diagram also show the attributes and operations of a class and the constraints that
apply to the way objects are connected.

Association: Association represent between instances of class. From the conceptual

perspective, association represents conceptual relations between classes. Each
association has two roles. Each role is a direction on the association. A role also has
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

multiplicity, which is a indication of how many object may participate in the given
relationship.

Generalization: A typical example of generalization evolves the personal and corporate

customer of a business. They have differences but also many similarity. The similarities
can be placed in generalization with personal customer and corporate customer sub type.

Aggregation: aggregation is the part of relationship. It is like saying a car has engine and
wheels as its parts. This sounds good, but difficult thing is considering, what is the
difference is aggregation and association.

Interaction: interaction diagrams are models that describes how groups of objects
collaboration in some behavior.

Typically, an interaction diagram captures the behavior a single use cases. The
diagram shows a number of example objects and the messages that are passed between
these objects in use cases. These are following approaches with simple use case that
exhibits the following behavior.

Objects can send a message to another. Each message is checks with given stock
item. There are two diagrams: Sequence and Collaboration diagram.

Package Diagram: One of the oldest questions in software methods is: how do you break
down a large system into smaller systems? It becomes difficult to understand and the
changes we make to them.

Structured methods used functional decomposition in which the overall system

was mapped as a function broken down into sub function, which is further broken down
into sub function and so forth. The separation of process data is gone, functional
decomposition is gone, but the old question is still remains. One idea is to group the
classes together into higher-level unit. This idea, applied very loosely, appears in many
objects. In UML, this grouping mechanism is package. The term package diagram for a
diagram that shows packages of classes and the dependencies among them.

A dependency exists between two elements if changes to the definition of one

element may cause to other. With classes, dependencies exist for various reasons: one
class sends a message to another; one class has another as part of its data; one class
mentions another as a parameter to an operation. A dependency between two packages
exists; and any dependencies exist between any two classes in the package.
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

State diagram: State diagram are a familiar technique to describe the behavior of a
system. They describe all the possible states a particular object can get into and how the
objects state changes as a result of events that reach the objects. In most OO technique,
state diagrams are drawn for a single class to show the lifetime behavior of a singe object.
There are many form of state diagram, each with slightly different semantics. The most
popular one used in OO technique is based on David Harel’s state chart.
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

PERT CHART (Program Evaluation Review Technique)

PERT chart is organized for events, activities or tasks. It is a scheduling device that shows
graphically the order of the tasks to be performed. It enables the calculation of the critical
path. The time and cost associated along a path is calculated and the path requires the
greatest amount of elapsed time in critical path.

Design Database Part Code database Part

Integrate and Test

Design GUI part Code GUI Part

Implementation
Write User Manual

Specification

PERT Chart representation

GANTT CHART

It is also known as Bar chart is used exclusively for scheduling purpose. It is a project
controlling technique. It is used for scheduling. Budgeting and resourcing planning. A
Gantt is a bar chart with each bar representing activity. The bars are drawn against a time
line. The length of time planned for the activity. The Gantt chart in the figure shows the
Gray parts is slack time that is the latest by which a task has been finished.
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

GANTT CHART REPRESENTATION

Use Case Model of the Project:

The use case model for any system consists of “use cases”. Use cases represent
different ways in which the system can be used by the user. A simple way to find all the
use case of a system is to ask the questions “What the user can do using the system?”
The use cases partition the system behavior into transactions such that each transaction
performs some useful action from the users’ point of view.

The purpose of the use case to define a piece of coherent behavior without
reveling the internal structure of the system. An use case typically represents a sequence
of interaction between the user and the system. These interactions consists of one main
line sequence is represent the normal interaction between the user and the system. The
use case model is an important analysis and design artifact (task).Use cases can be
represented by drawing a use case diagram and writing an accompany text elaborating
the drawing.

In the use case diagram each use case is represented by an ellipse with the name
of use case written inside the ellipse. All the ellipses of the system are enclosed with in a
rectangle which represents the system boundary. The name of the system being moduled
appears inside the rectangle. The different users of the system are represented by using
stick person icon. The stick person icon is normally referred to as an Actor. The line
connecting the actor and the use cases is called the communication relationship. When
a stick person icon represents an external system it is annotated by the stereo
type<<external system>>.

Dataflow Diagram:

Data flow diagram is the starting point of the design phase that functionally
decomposes the requirements specification. A DFD consists of a series of bubbles
joined by lines. The bubbles represent data transformation and the lines represent data
flows in the system. A DFD describes what data flow rather than how they are
processed, so it does not hardware, software and data structure.

A data-flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data

through an information system. DFDs can also be used for the visualization of data
processing (structured design). A data flow diagram (DFD) is a significant modeling
technique for analyzing and constructing information processes. DFD literally means
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

an illustration that explains the course or movement of information in a process. DFD

illustrates this flow of information in a process based on the inputs and outputs. A DFD
can be referred to as a Process Model.

The data flow diagram is a graphical description of a system’s data and how to

Process transform the data is known as Data Flow Diagram (DFD).

Unlike details flow chart, DFDs don’t supply detail descriptions of modules that graphically
describe a system’s data and how the data interact with the system. Data flow diagram
number of symbols and the following symbols are of by DeMarco.

process

D ata store

Source/sink

D ata Flow
D eM a
rco&Yourdons
ym bols
Gane&Sars onsymbo
ls

There are seven rules for construct a data flow diagram.

i) Arrows should not cross each other.

ii) Squares, circles and files must wears names.iii) Decomposed data
flows must be balanced. iv) No two data flows, squares or circles can
be the same names. v) Draw all data flows around the outside of the
diagram.
vi) Choose meaningful names for data flows, processes & data stores.
vii) Control information such as record units, password and validationrequirements
are not penitent to a data flow diagram.

Additionally, a DFD can be utilized to visualize data processing or a structured design.

This basic DFD can be then disintegrated to a lower level diagram demonstrating smaller
steps exhibiting details of the system that is being modeled.
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

On a DFD, data items flow from an external data source or an internal data store to an
internal data store or an external data sink, via an internal process. It is common practice
to draw a context-level data flow diagram first, which shows the interaction between the
system and external agents, which act as data sources and data sinks. On the context
diagram (also known as the Level 0 DFD’), the system's interactions with the outside
world are modeled purely in terms of data flows across the system boundary. The context
diagram shows the entire system as a single process, and gives no clues as to its internal
organization.

This context-level DFD is next "exploded", to produce a Level 1 DFD that shows some
of the detail of the system being modeled. The Level 1 DFD shows how the system is
divided into sub-systems (processes), each of which deals with one or more of the data
flows to or from an external agent, and which together provide all of the functionality of
the system as a whole. The level 1 DFD is further spreaded and split into more
descriptive and detailed description about the project as level 2 DFD.The level 2 DFD
can be a number of data flows which will finally show the entire description of the
software project.

About ER Diagram:

Entity Relationship Diagram

E-R Model is a popular high level conceptual data model. This model and its variations
are frequently used for the conceptual design of database application and many
database design tools employ its concept.

A database that confirms to an E-R diagram can be represented by a collecton of tables

in the relational system. The mapping of E-R diagram to the entities are:

• Attributes

• Relations o Many-to-many o Many-to-one o One-to-many o One-to-one

• Weak entities
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

• Sub-type and super-type

The entities and their relationshops between them are shown using the following
conventions.

• An entity is shown in rectangle.

• A diamond represent the relationship among number of

entities.
• The attributes shown as ovals are connected to the entities or relationship by lines.
lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

Diamond,oval and relationships are labeled.

• Model is an abstraction process that hides super details while

highlighting details relation to application at end.
• A data model is a mechanism that provides this abstraction for database
application.
• Data modeling is used for representing entities and their relationship in the
database.
• Entities are the basic units used in modeling database entities can have concrete
existence or constitute ideas or concepts.
• Entity type or entity set is a group of similar objects concern to an organization
for which it maintain data,
• Properties are characteristics of an entity also called as attributes.
• A key is a single attribute or combination of 2 or more attributes of an entity set is
used to identify one or more instances of the set.
• In relational model we represent the entity by a relation and use tuples to
represent an instance of the entity.
• Relationship is used in data modeling to represent in association betweenan
entity set.
• An association between two attributes indicates that the values of the associated
attributes are independent.
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

Security Testing of the Project

Testing is vital for the success of any software. no system design is ever perfect. Testing is also
carried in two phases. first phase is during the software engineering that is during the module
creation. second phase is after the completion of software. this is system testing which verifies
that the whole set of programs hanged together.

White Box Testing:

In this technique, the close examination of the logical parts through the software are tested by
cases that exercise species sets of conditions or loops. all logical parts of the software checked
once. errors that can be corrected using this technique are typographical errors, logical
expressions which should be executed once may be getting executed more than once and error
resulting by using wrong controls and loops. When the box testing tests all the independent part
within a module a logical decisions on their true and the false side are exercised , all loops and
bounds within their operational bounds were exercised and internal data structure to ensure their
validity were exercised once.

Black Box Testing:

This method enables the software engineer to device sets of input techniques that fully exercise
all functional requirements for a program. black box testing tests the input, the output and the
external data. it checks whether the input data is correct and whether we are getting the desired
output.

Alpha Testing:

Acceptance testing is also sometimes called alpha testing. Be spoke systems are developed for
a single customer. The alpha testing proceeds until the system developer and the customer agree
that the provided system is an acceptable implementation of the system requirements.

Beta Testing:

On the other hand, when a system isto be marked as a software product, another process called
beta testing is often conducted. During beta testing, a system is delivered among a number of
potential users who agree to use it. The customers then report problems to the developers. This
provides the product for real use and detects errors which may not have been anticipated by the
system developers.

Unit Testing:
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

Each module is considered independently. it focuses on each unit of software as implemented

in the source code. it is white box testing.

Integration Testing:

Integration testing aims at constructing the program structure while at the same constructing tests
to uncover errors associated with interfacing the modules. modules are integrated by using the
top down approach.

Validation Testing:

Validation testing was performed to ensure that all the functional and performance
requirements are met.

System Testing:

It is executing programs to check logical changes made in it with intention of finding errors. a
system is tested for online response, volume of transaction, recovery from failure etc. System
testing is done to ensure that the system satisfies all the user requirements.

Implementation and Software Specification Testings

Detailed Design of Implementation

This phase of the systems development life cycle refines hardware and software specifications,
establishes programming plans, trains users and implements extensive testing procedures, to
evaluate design and operating specifications and/or provide the basis for further modification.

Technical Design

This activity builds upon specifications produced during new system design, adding detailed
technical specifications and documentation.

Test Specifications and Planning

This activity prepares detailed test specifications for individual modules and programs, job
streams, subsystems, and for the system as a whole.

Programming and Testing

 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

This activity encompasses actual development, writing, and testing of program units or

modules. User Training

This activity encompasses writing user procedure manuals, preparation of user training
materials, conducting training programs, and testing procedures.

Acceptance Test

A final procedural review to demonstrate a system and secure user approval before a system
becomes operational.

Installation Phase

In this phase the new Computerized system is installed, the conversion to new procedures is
fully implemented, and the potential of the new system is explored.

System Installation

The process of starting the actual use of a system and training user personnel in its operation.

Review Phase

This phase evaluates the successes and failures during a systems development project, and to
measure the results of a new Computerized Transystem in terms of benefits and savings
projected at the start of the project.

Development Recap

A review of a project immediately after completion to find successes and potential problems in
future work.

Post-Implementation Review

A review, conducted after a new system has been in operation for some time, to evaluate actual
system performance against original expectations and projections for cost-benefit improvements.
Also identifies maintenance projects to enhance or improve the system.

THE STEPS IN THE SOFTWARE TESTING

The steps involved during Unit testing are as follows:

 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

a. Preparation of the test cases.

b. Preparation of the possible test data with all the validation checks.
c. Complete code review of the module.
d. Actual testing done manually.
e. Modifications done for the errors found during testing.
f. Prepared the test result scripts.

The unit testing done included the testing of the following items:

1. Functionality of the entire module/forms.

2. Validations for user input.
3. Checking of the Coding standards to be maintained during coding.

4. Testing the module with all the possible test data.

5. Testing of the functionality involving all type of calculations etc.
6. Commenting standard in the source files.

After completing the Unit testing of all the modules, the whole system is integrated with all its
dependencies in that module. While System Integration, We integrated the modules one by one
and tested the system at each step. This helped in reduction of errors at the time of the system
testing.

The steps involved during System testing are as follows:

• Integration of all the modules/forms in the system.

• Preparation of the test cases.
• Preparation of the possible test data with all the validation checks.
• Actual testing done manually.
• Recording of all the reproduced errors.
• Modifications done for the errors found during testing.
• Prepared the test result scripts after rectification of the errors.

The System Testing done included the testing of the following items:

1. Functionality of the entire system as a whole.

2. User Interface of the system.
3. Testing the dependent modules together with all the possible test data scripts.
4. Verification and Validation testing.
5. Testing the reports with all its functionality.
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

System Analysis:

System analysis is a process of gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing

problems and the information about the Online Food Ordering System to recommend
improvements on the system. It is a problem solving activity that requires intensive
communication between the system users and system developers. System analysis or
study is an important phase of any system development process. The system is studied
to the minutest detail and analyzed. The system analyst plays the role of the interrogator
and dwells deep into the working of the present system. The system is viewed as a whole
and the input to the system are identified. The outputs from the organizations are traced
to the various processes. System analysis is concerned with becoming aware of the
problem, identifying the relevant and decisional variables, analyzing and synthesizing the
various factors and determining an optimal or at least a satisfactory solution or program
of action. A detailed study of the process must be made by various techniques like
interviews, questionnaires etc. The data collected by these sources must be scrutinized
to arrive to a conclusion. The conclusion is an understanding of how the system functions.
This system is called the existing system. Now the existing system is subjected to close
study and problem areas are identified. The designer now functions as a problem solver
and tries to sort out the difficulties that the enterprise faces. The solutions are given as
proposals. The proposal is then weighed with the existing system analytically and the best
one is selected. The proposal is presented to the user for an endorsement by the user.
The proposal is reviewed on user request and suitable changes are made. This is loop
that ends as soon as the user is satisfied with proposal. Preliminary study is the process
of gathering and interpreting facts, using the information for further studies on the system.
Preliminary study is problem solving activity that requires intensive communication
between the system users and system developers. It does various feasibility studies. In
these studies a rough figure of the system activities can be obtained, from which the
decision about the strategies to be followed for effective system study and analysis can
be taken.
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

Existing System of Online Food Ordering System:

In the existing system the exams are done only manually but in proposed system we
have to computerize the exams using this application.
• Lack of security of data.
• More man power.
• Time consuming.
• Consumes large volume of pare work.
• Needs manual calculations.
• No direct role for the higher officials

• Proposed System of Online Food Ordering System:The aim of proposed

system is to develop a system of improved facilities. The proposed system can
overcome all the limitations of the existing system. The system provides proper
security and reduces the manual work.

• Security of data.
• Ensure data accuracy’s.
• Proper control of the higher officials.
• Minimize manual data entry.
• Minimum time needed for the various processing.
• Greater efficiency.
• Better service.
• User friendliness and interactive.
• Minimum time required.

Data Dictionary:

This is normally represented as the data about data. It is also termed as metadata
some times which gives the data about the data stored in the database. It defines each
data term encountered during the analysis and design of a new system. Data elements
can describe files or the processes.

Following are some major symbols used in the data dictionary

• = equivalent to
• + and
• [] either/ or
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

• () Optional entry

Following are some rules, which defines the construction of data dictionary
entries:

1. Words should be defined to understand for what they need and not the
variable need by which they may be described in the program.
2. Each word must be unique. We cannot have two definitions of the same client.
3. Aliases or synonyms are allowed when two or more enters shows the same
meaning. For example a vendor number may also be called as customer
number.
4. A self-defining word should not be decomposed. It means that the reductionof
any information in to subpart should be done only if it is really required that is
it is not easy to understand directly.
Data dictionary includes information such as the number of records in file, the
frequency a process will run, security factor like pass word which user must enter to
get excess to the information.
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

Conclusion of the Project Online Food Ordering System:

Our project is only a humble venture to satisfy the needs to manage their project
work. Several user friendly coding have also adopted. This package shall prove to be a
powerful package in satisfying all the requirements of the school. The objective of
software planning is to provide a frame work that enables the manger to make reasonable
estimates made within a limited time frame at the beginning of the software project and
should be updated regularly as the project progresses.

At the end it is concluded that we have made effort on following points…

• A description of the background and context of the project and its relation to work
already done in the area.
• Made statement of the aims and objectives of the project.
• The description of Purpose, Scope, and applicability.
• We define the problem on which we are working in the project.
• We describe the requirement Specifications of the system and the actions that can
be done on these things.
• We understand the problem domain and produce a model of the system, which
describes operations that can be performed on the system.
• We included features and operations in detail, including screen layouts.
• We designed user interface and security issues related to system.
• Finally the system is implemented and tested according to test cases.

Future Scope of the Project:

In a nutshell, it can be summarized that the future scope of the project circles
around maintaining information regarding:

• We can add printer in future.

• We can give more advance software for Online Food Ordering System including
more facilities
• We will host the platform on online servers to make it accessible worldwide
• Integrate multiple load balancers to distribute the loads of the system
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

• Create the master and slave database structure to reduce the overload of the
database queries
• Implement the backup mechanism for taking backup of codebase and database
on regular basis on different servers

The above-mentioned points are the enhancements which can be done to increase
the applicability and usage of this project. Here we can maintain the records of Food
Item and Category. Also, as it can be seen that now-a-days the players are versatile, i.e.
so there is a scope for introducing a method to maintain the Online Food Ordering System.
Enhancements can be done to maintain all the Food Item, Category, Customer, Order,
Confirm Order.

We have left all the options open so that if there is any other future requirement in
the system by the user for the enhancement of the system then it is possible to implement
them. In the last we would like to thanks all the persons involved in the development of
the system directly or indirectly. We hope that the project will serve its purpose for which
it is develop there by underlining success of process.

Limitation of Project on Online Food Ordering System

Although I have put my best efforts to make the software flexible, easy to operate
but limitations cannot be ruled out even by me. Though the software presents a broad
range of options to its users some intricate options could not be covered into it; partly
because of logistic and partly due to lack of sophistication. Paucity of time was also
major constraint, thus it was not possible to make the software foolproof and dynamic.
Lack of time also compelled me to ignore some part such as storing old result of the
candidate etc.

Considerable efforts have made the software easy to operate even for the people
not related to the field of computers but it is acknowledged that a layman may find it a
bit problematic at the first instance. The user is provided help at each step for his
convenience in working with the software.
 lOMoARcPSD|139 677 36

List of limitations which is available in the Online Food Ordering System:

• Excel export has not been developed for Food Item, Category due to some
criticality.
• The transactions are executed in off-line mode, hence on-line data for Customer,
Order capture and modification is not possible.
• Off-line reports of Food Item, Confirm Order, Customer cannot be generated due
to batch mode execution.

References and Bibliography:

• Google for problem solving

• https://docs.python.org/3/reference/
• https://www.sqlite.org/index.html
• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/django/index.htm l
• https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_classes.asp/
• https://www.w3schools.com/html/
• https://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_object.asp
• https://www.w3schools.com/w3css/default.asp
• https://www.python.org/about/gettingstarted/
• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/index.htm