GE6 Lakandula- Ancient ruler believed to be Rizal’s maternal

ancestor.
Cadiz Constitution- The Spanish constitution that declared
all Spain’s colonies integral to the Motherland, and all their Malay- a lover of freedom and travel.
citizens, citizens of Spain.
Capitan Antonio Vivencio del Rosario- He was the one who
Pedro Paterno- Rizal’s Madrid journal proved that he did not ordered the 50-kilometer walk of Dona Teodora from Binan to
care much about this fellow ilustrado. Sta. Cruz, Laguna.

Marcelo H. Del Pilar- He described Rizal as “my man was Open box- Literal meaning of Cajas abiertas.
brought up in libraries, and in libraries the environment of
Basilio Sancho de Santa Justa Y Rufina- Archbishop of
reality is not taken into account before acting.”
Manila who in the late 1700s initiated the check on the regular
- He was also known as Rizal’s greatest ally and rival. clergy for abuses.
- Describes the Blood compact between Sikatuna and
-instituted uniform charges for the rites of the Church and put
Legazpi as the unification “into a single ideal the
secular clergy in-charge of the parishes.
aspirations of Spain and the Philippines.”
Jacinto Zamora- Secular priest that was accused of being
Being Educated during Lam-Co’s time was the measure of
gambler.
social status.
Dominicans- Religious order wherein Domingo Lam-co and
For Rizal, reforms can only be truly achieved with proper
Ines de la rosa found favor with.
education and liberty.
-Religious order that Don Francisco Engracio leased the land
Rizal’s having Chinese, Spanish and Malay blood makes him
they cultivated in Kalamba.
a Tornatra.
Capitan Juan Mercado- responsible for changing the Gregorio Zaide- a historian which theorized that Rizal’s
Mercado’s status to Indio. secret mission in going to Europe was to study the customs
and governments of countries in that continent.
-Rizal’s ancestor who became an elector for the first
representative of the Philippines to the Spanish Cortes. Spanish- Rizal’s ancestry that influenced him being sensitive
to insult, elegance of bearing and gallantry to the ladies.
El Amor Patrio- “The love of a country can never be
expunged once it has entered the heart because it bears a Marseilles- where Rizal terminated his journey by sea.
divine mark that makes it eternal and imperishable.” Rizal
Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo- Rizal’s maternal ancestor that is
wrote in his first patriotic work abroad.
known to be very Chinese in appearance.
Mercado- Surname of Rizal that he used for his first travel
-Rizal’s ancestor that is according to LMG, he was a deputy of
abroad.
the Philippines to the Spanish Cortes.
Chinese- Ancestry of Rizal that made him serious, patient,
Francisco Mercado- Rizal’s great grandfather.
loving and frugal man that we come to know.
Port Said- Where Rizal first heard the mother-song of
-Rizal’s ancestry wherein he inherits his preference for
revolutions, La Marseillaise.
education and the liberation of the minds as means for true
liberty. King Philip V- The king who commuted the sentence of the
freemasons from death to banishment, which brought these
Rizal’s family was originally of the Principalia class until an
liberal-minded individuals to the colonies.
ancestor changed it.
Manorial System- an ancient European system; political, Licentiate in Medicine- Rizal earned 1884 that was enough
economic, and social system by which the peasants of for Rizal to become a doctor.
medieval Europe were rendered dependent on their land and
Miguel Morayta- The liberal history professor that triggered
on their lord.
the violent student demonstration in the Universidad Central
“Domingo Lam-co, along with other people of Chinese de Madrid, in which Rizal took part by his speech declaring
descent, was taken in by the Dominicans back when there “freedom of science and the teacher”.
was an imminent threat of another massacre. In turn, the
Catalonia- It was in this Spanish territory whereas Craig
Order benefitted from this industrious farmer.
noted that Rizal witnessed an expression of nationalism quite
Liberals- Name given to those who campaigned for liberties different from what he’d seen and witnessed – the
granted upon individual citizens. Catalonians love and loyalty for Catalonia and “disgust at all
things Spanish” – things that these avowed republicans
Agrarian Troubles- Craig noted, it was the natural result of
openly demonstrated without being so much as apprehended
large holdings of land at the hands of those who did not
by the authorities, a thing very unimaginable to a young man
cultivate them.
accustomed to the ferocity of response such actions would
Marquis de Cañete- he was supposed to be the Spanish receive back in the Philippines.
nobleman ancestor of Rizal.
The selling of Florida to the United States- This act
Farming- Craig noted, it was the most honorable employment dissolved the illusion that Spain holds the integrity of all her
in China at least during the time of Rizal’s great-great- dominions scared; that upon pressure or right amount, Spain
grandfather. would be ready to let go of her colonies.

Traveling Merchant- Original meaning of Sangley.

Intelligent- One thing the reign of terror that followed the improving the condition back in the colony but was dissolved
French Revolution- the revolution of “the ignorant and because of frequent disagreements. This was led by Miguel
oppressed”, in Craig’s words- proved, it was that true liberty Morayta.
that could only be achieved.
Associaco Hispano-Filipino- Association that Miguel
Jesuits- The expulsion from the country of this religious order Morayta established in Madrid that would have had Rizal as
in 1786 in effect took the only source of knowledge about an executive committee member.
Spain and about the church from most people.
Doctor of Medicine- Rizal was not able to get this degree
-The religious order who originally owned the Kalamba Estate although he already passed all the subjects required for it.
that was confiscated by the government.
-This is also the method that Rizal envisioned to cure the
American Revolution- a popular revolution that triggered the Filipino’s indolence.
French Revolution that ushered in a lot of desired reforms.
The factor that contributed most to the eventual demise of the
Leon Maria Guerrero- Biographer-historian who explained propaganda movement is the disagreement between the
why Rizal had to secretly depart for Europe by saying that the moderates and the radicals, the Spanish mestizos, and
society back then was one where “even the most the full-blooded Filipinos.
irreproachable of sentiments, the most justifiable of actions,
The Europeans back during the 18th century believed that the
could arouse dislike and distrust among those whose
Torrid Zone causes degeneracy NOT JUST physically but
business it was to dislike talent in a native and to distrust self-
also MORALLY.
respect and a spirit of independence.”

Circulo-Hispano Filipino- organization composed of retired

colonials and expatriate students that aims to quietly assist in
Religious Orders- Rizal attributed the loss of our interaction Dili ingun nato- This is how the Visayans described Friars
with the neighboring territories like Japan, Cambodia, and since they were fair-skinned, speaking an unintelligible
China, tongue, and looks very different from others.

Panday Pira- The Indio metalworker that Rizal believed to Engkantos- Spaniards generic term to the beings of the
have existed in Pampanga. spiritual realm that natives believed in.

Climate Politics- refers to the ilustrados’ usage of the Maligno- generic term given to the bad beings of spiritual
goodness of the tropics and the dreariness of Spain in realm.
forwarding their political agenda.
Physiognomy- refers to the idea that the facial features give
Inactivity resulting from a dislike to work- it is the 17th insight to the temperament and character of a person.
century definition of “indolence.”
Humor Theory- refers to the idea that temperament can be a
Freedom from pain- etymological meaning of “indolence.” result of the balance or imbalance of the bodily fluids black
bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood.
Friars- they made the Filipinos forget and be ashamed of their
own culture since it was them who gathered the natives and Divided up among- Rizal’s interpretation to the word
dazzled their eyes with religious shows and songs and images “entrusted” referring to the encomienda system.
arrayed with gold.
Pio Valenzuela- he was the emissary that Bonifacio sent to
- They were also those “violators” that del pilar Rizal in Dapitan to get his counsel on the planned revolution.
considered of the oath of friendship and alliance and
Galicano Apacible- Rizal’s cousin who claimed that Rizal
must be expelled from the islands.
confided to him that “only after separation from Spain could
we achieve our social, civil and political aspirations.”
Wenceslao Retana- Whom the Americans get the idea of Apolinario Mabini- While he believed that the blood compact
Rizal being an assimilationist aside from Trinidad H. Pardo de was a valid and binding oath, he argued that the Spaniards
Tavera. “shamelessly violated” the oath and, thus, revolution was
justifiable.
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi- First Captain General and one of
the topics in the first chapter of Sucesos De Las Islas Rizal argued that “instead of holding it (indolence) to be the
Filipinas. CAUSE of the backwardness and the trouble, we regard it as
the EFFECT of the trouble and the backwardness.”
Jose Rizal- he said that “three centuries of brutalization and
obscurantism have necessarily had some influence upon us, The statement “The blood compact is a tradition that predated
the most beautiful work of divinity in the hands of certain the coming of the Spaniards,” is true since this cultural
artisans may finally be converted into a caricature.” practice was an ancient tradition among the natives of the
islands.
- Posed as Sikatuna for the painting “El pacto de
sangre.” It was in the EIGHT chapter of the Morga’s Sucesos that talks
about the pre-colonial Philippines.
Andres Bonifacio- believed that the blood compact was
invalid from the start since the Spaniards were just pretending Antonio de Morga- author of Sucesos.
to enter the ritual but all they wanted was to beguile Sikatuna
Gregorio Sancianco- author of El progreso de Filipinas
from their selfish reasons.
whose treatment of the issue of indolence Rizal did not agree
Juan Luna- painted the “El pacto de sangre”, the painting to.
which fanned the assimilation-separation debate.
Sobre la indolencia de los filipinos- a work where Rizal
commented regarding the tropical climate inspiring inactivity.
Brindis- work that Rizal praise the tropical climate for
breeding genius in its inhabitants.
Cultural entrapment- refers to the way some of our disunion in the upper, only one answer presented itself, and it
ancestors adapted to the new culture brought by the was: extend his hands to the chains, bow his neck beneath
Spaniards.
the yoke and accept the future with the resignation of an
- This cultural entrapment began when in the pueblos,
visitas and doctrinas, the natives were taught the invalid who watches the leaves fall and foresees a long winter
Spanish language, at least enough for them to amid whose snows he discerns the outlines of his grave.
understand the basic catechesis and memorize the
basic prayers. They were initiated as well to the Conquista Espiritual- The friars endeavored to replace the
Spanish way of life. And, as time went by, there came elements of the pagan belief with elements of Christianity to
generations of natives who came to believe that the
Spanish culture was the better, if not the only, culture. cement and even expand the footholds made by the
conquistadors.
Mi Ultimo Pensamiento- For Quiboyen, this is the most
patriotic work of Rizal. Ensalmadores- Ancient healers who used spells (yamyam) in
their craft.
Spain and Portugal’s colonization efforts might have been
impelled by economic factors but spreading CHRISTIANITY Saludadores- Ancient healers who used saliva or breath
was important; hence, one could always find the missionary (tutho) in their craft.
beside the conquistador.
Expression of Ideology of submission- metamorphosis
Manifesto a Algunos Filipinos- work that Rizal express his without confidence in their past, without faith in their present
condemnation of Bonifacio’s planned revolution. and no fond hope of the years to come.

Pessimism- A Filipino trait which was also to blame for the Visita- refers to a settlement, a village if you may, which was
ideology of submission. “But for him who, disillusioned by sad part of an existing town but not within its capital and that did
experience, saw everywhere discord and disorder, apathy and not have a resident priest.
brutalizations in the lower classes, discouragement and
Of all the forms of gambling back then, it was the Juego de they were ignorant and which timid spirits invested with a
gallos, where two cocks of approximately the same prowess mysterious character.”
were pitted against each other, that represented the natives’
After the friar found the natives, indoctrinized them, made
ambivalent attitude the most.
them believe that he was better than the ensalmadores and
Cabecera- refer to the place where the missionary resided, the saludadores, the next thing to do was to bring them into
usually the center of the pueblo or doctrina. one settlement, and make them empadronados through
registration. This whole process is called REDUCCION.
Adhering to the Spaniard’s belief system was tantamount to
endangering their physical lives at the hands of the shamans,
ensalmadores, and saludadores, and their spiritual ones at
the hands of the anitos. Doing the opposite would endanger
their physical lives at the hands of the friars and the military
and civil officials. This meant that the native’s life was one big
GAMBLE.

Loyalty- another filipino trait that could be blamed for the

ideology of submission. “So the Philippine peoples have
remained faithful during three centuries, giving up their liberty
and their independence, sometimes dazzled by the hope of
the paradise promised, sometimes cajoled by the friendship
offered them by a noble generous people like the Spanish,
sometimes also compelled by the superiority of arms of which