TEST 3

I. Part 1- LISTENING (50 points):

1. Complete the following notes using NO MORE THAN THREE words/ number for each answer.
Borchester University
Example: Where to get …food…on campus
PLACE CAPACITY REGULAR MENU COST
Main Refectory Hall Vegetarian, fish, (1) pasta (3) __1.50 to____ £3
Open: (2) _11:30- and salad_
2:30____
space for (5) ___1.15___ £1.30
Arts Building Café about (4) tea, coffee, hot chocolate,
Open: 9 - 6 __50__ people sandwiches

(6) ____theatre___ Bar tea, coffee, (7)

Open: 10 - 4 __toasted___ sandwiches

2. You will hear part of a radio talk about how to choose houseplants. For questions 8-15, complete the
sentences that summarize what the speaker says with NO MORE THAN THREE words. You will hear the
recording twice.
Write your answer in the box provided. (16 points)
Before you get the plant, choose the (8)__location_.
You must make sure there is enough (9)___sunlight__.
Check that plants have been well looked after at the garden centre.
Plants in poor condition mean the garden centre might not be (10)___in good conditions__.
Choose plants with healthy green (11)_____leaves___.
It could take months or years for a plant to reach the size you want.
It may be better to buy a large plant even if it is (12)___more expensive___.
Do not buy plants that have just been put (13)___in the pot___.
It is not a good idea to buy plants in (14) _____plastic bags____.
You should look under the leaves for unwanted (15)___insects or diseases___.
3. Listen to a nutritionist called Penny Flack talking about the effects of health and diet in some countries
around the world. Are these statements True (T) or False (F)? (10 points)
EATING FOR HEALTH
1. A quarter of Europeans and Americans are now said to be obese. T
2. American politicians have been discussing how to tackle the causes and
consequences of obesity. F
3. High-fat cheese and meat is causing the French to become obese. F
4. Heart disease is becoming more common in Japan and Greenland. F
5. Scientists have discovered that a number of spices used in Indian cooking can improve brain health. T
4. You are going to listen to a journalist called Max Wilson talking about a book about luck in sport by
Matthew Syed. Listen to the whole interview and choose the best answer A, B, or C. (10 points)
1. Max says that top sportspeople usually believe their success is due to
A. good fortune B. hard work C. natural skill
2. According to Max, the examples of recent sporting achievements prove
A. that people in general have become stronger and fitter
B. that standards are getting higher
C. that technology is responsible for improved performance
3. In the book Matthew Syed says he had a greater chance of success because of
A. his parents’ love of table tennis. B. his competitive brother. C. his own ambition.
4. That advantage is mentioned of the Omega Club when Matthew joined?
A. It was open all the time. B. It had a lot of good players. C. It had great facilities.
5. Max says that a ten-year investigation has shown that lucky people
A. believe they will succeed. B. look for good opportunities. C. depend less on talent.
Part II: LEXICO-GRAMMAR: 40/200
1. Choose the best option A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences and write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes.(20 points)
1. I always take my lucky _________with me into an exam.
A. sign B. item C. charm D. spell
2. I didn’t know my guess was going to be right – It was just __________
A. pot luck B. odds C. draw D. gamble
3. Why are all your clothes in a __________on the floor?
A. bulk B. heap C. batch D. sum
4. Sending out e-mails that people haven’t asked for to ______addresses is often known.
A. sufficient B. countless C. widespread D. multiple
5. We all have to follow the rules, and none of us is ________ the law.
A. beyond B. over C. above D. onto
6. We are pleased to inform you that we have decided to _________your request for British citizenship.
A. give B. grant C. permit D. donate
7. We can only _______ as to the causes of the disaster.
A. think B. consider C. speculate D. ponder
8. The professor’s _______ theory is that singing preceded speech.
A. preferable B. pet C. fond D. fancied
9. I’m not sure if I’m doing it right, but I’ll try to ___________ahead with it anyway.
A. drive B. bang C. touch D. press
10. Could you lend me some money to _____________ me over to the end of the month?
A. hand B. tide C. get D. make
11. I’m not a serious investor, but I like to _______ in the stock market.
A. splash B. splatter C. paddle D. dabble
12. Who else is of the ______ that we should break the camp?
A. conclusion B. opinion C. remark D. theory
13. The local press has been pouring ______ on the mayor for dissolving the council.
A. blame B. hatred C. disapproval D. scorn
14. I’m ______ too keen on visiting the Parkers again so soon.
A. that B. none C. such D. very
15. If I make a fool of myself in front of my friends, I’ll never ________ it down.
A. let B. give C. settle D. live
16. Because of his poor health, it took him along time to ________ his bad cold.
A. throw off B. throw away C. throw down D. throw over
17. In spite of his poor education, he was the most ________ speaker.
A. articulate B. ambiguous C. attentive D. authoritarian
18. “Another cup of coffee?” — “No, but thanks __________.
A. not at all B. for all C. all the same D. you for all
19. He said he would contribute money, but later he backed ___________of it.
A. down B. away C. off D. out
20. Can you recite the alphabet___________?
A. reverse B. around C. backwards D. returned
3. There are 10 mistakes in the passage. Find out and correct them. (10 points)
Line After inventing dynamite, Swedish-born=> Sweden-born Alfred Nobel became
very rich man. Therefore=> however, he foresaw its universally destructive powers
too late. Nobel preferred not to remember=> be remembered as the inventor of
dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks before his death, he created=> had created a
5
fund to be used for rewarding prizes to people who had made=> made worthwhile
contributions to mankind. Originally there were five awards: literature, physics,
chemistry, medicine, and peace. Economy was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years
after the first award ceremony. Nobel’s original legacy of nine millions=> million
dollars was invested, and the interest in this sum is=> was used for the awards
which vary from 30,000 to 125,000.
 Every year on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel’s death, the awards (gold
medal, illuminated diploma, and money) is=> are presented to the winners.
Sometimes politics plays an important role in the judges decisions. Americans have
won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes. No awards
were=> was presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of World War II. Some
people have won two prizes, but this is scarce; others have shared their prizes.
Part III. READING (60 pts)
1. Fill the blanks with one of four options to complete the passage (10 points)
Romania’s name itself suggests what makes it different from its neighbours. The connection is with the
Imperial Rome and coming from that is the language which sounds like Italian. The country is about the
(1)_________ of Great Britain and has a population of 23 million, of whom ninety percent are Romanians.
The scenery is (2) _________: mountainous areas with summer and winter resorts, a marvellous stretch of the
Danube as it descends towards the Iron Gates, not to mention castles, palaces and monasteries with impressive
frescoes. There are also historic towns from the 13th of century, Black Sea beach resorts and the astonishing
bird-life of the (3)_________ Danube delta. And if this is not enough, there are no (4) _________ than 160 spas
offering cures for nearly every illness (5)_________ to man.
Romania is perhaps most famous abroad for being the home of Dracula the famous creation of the Irish writer,
Bram Stoker. However, while the story is (6)_________, the character is based on a Romanian prince called
Vlad Dracula (son of Dracul) or Tepes (the Impaler) because of such cruelty (7) _________ his enemies. On
one occasion he is supposed to have sat down to a meal to enjoy the spectacle of some prisoners (8)_________
their arms and legs cut off. He asked for their blood to be collected and brought to him as a dip for his bread.
So, when you visit Romania you may like to visit Bran Castle which was built in 1377 and is the castle most
(9)_________ identified with Dracula. But, if you do, don’t forget how much (10)_________ there is to see in
Romania.
1. A. size B. area C. proportion D. extent
2. A. different B. various C. varied D. diverse
3. A. tremendous B. vast C. huge D. gigantic
4. A. better B. less C. more D. fewer
5. A. belonging B. familiar C. known D. accustomed
6. A. false B. fiction C. fake D. unauthentic
7. A. regarding B. with C. for D. towards
8. A. when B. while C. having D. with
9. A. tightly B. closely C. nearly D. strictly
10. A. else B. more C. remaining D. left
2. Fill each of the blanks with ONE suitable word. (10 pts)
THE CUCKOO ROLLER OF MADAGASCAR
This bird is about the same size as the European roller, and has many features in common
(1)______with_______ its near relatives. (2) ______In=> unlike_____ the European family, however, the
cuckoo roller can reverse its outer toes, (3) ____make=> enable_____ it to perch by gripping a branch with two
toes forward and two back. Its eating habits are also quite different. (4) ___while___ nearly all other rollers take
food on the wing or pluck reptiles or large insects from the ground, the cuckoo roller stays high up in the forest
canopy, (5) _______lives=> feeding___ on caterpillars, stick insects and, most important of all, chameleons.
Subtly blending its colours to the forest backcloth, and (6) ___not=> seldomly____ leaving the safety of the
branches except to cross from one tree to another, the chameleon is an elusive prey. Even on open ground, (7)
______where=> whose___ myriad dangers it normally avoids, the chameleon’s slow, swaying walk makes it
difficult to see against the leaves. (8) _____so____ good is it camouflage that the cuckoo roller has to put up
with long periods of watching and waiting, (9) ______doing=> until__ a tell-tale movement betrays its victim’s
presence. At least, experts assume this is what happens, because despite the fact that this bird is widespread
throughout Madagascar, (10) ____no_____ observer has yet seen it in the process of catching its prey.
3. Read the passage and choose one of four options to answer the questions (10 pts)
It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction?
When a species is no longer adapted to a change environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species’
death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species.
For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be adapt. Food resources may be affected by
environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species
may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a
species.

The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also
revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time - a mass extinction. One of the
best - known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many
other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when
approximately 95 percent of all species died. Mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the
environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something
were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop,
affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.

One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to
be more intense every 26 million years. The periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the earth’s orbit
with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that
extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no
particular reason. A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of
revolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.
1: The underlined word “ ultimately “ is closest in meaning to
A. exceptionally B. unfortunately
C. eventually D. dramatically
2: What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in Earth’s history?
A. They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.
B. They have caused rapid change in the environment .
C. They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms
D. They are no longer in existence.
3: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as resulting from rapid ecological change?
A. Availability of food resources B. Introduction of new species
C. Temperature changes D. Competition among species
4: The word “demise” is closest in meaning to
A. help B. death. C. recovery D. change
5: Why is “ plankton” mentioned in the second paragraph?
A. To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction
B. To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land and those that live in the ocean
C. To point out that certain species could never become extinct
D. To demonstrate the interdependence of different species
6: According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that
A. There has been only one mass extinction in Earth’s history.
B. Extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth’s history.
C. Extinctions on Earth have generally been massive.
D. Dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed.
7: The underlined word “ finding” is closest in meaning to
A. published information B. research method C. scientific discovery. D. ongoing experiment
8: Which of the following can be inferred from the theory of periodic extinction mentioned in paragraph
3?
A. The theory is no longer seriously considered.
B. Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate.
C. Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it.
D. Evidence to support the theory has recently been found.
9: In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following statements about a species’ survival?
A. It is associated with astronomical condition B. It may depend on chance events.
C. It does not vary greatly from species to species D. It reflects the interrelationship of may species.
10: According to the passage, it is believed that the largest extinction of the species occurred
A. 65 million years ago B. 250 million years ago
C. 225 million years ago D. 26 million years ago
4. Read the following passage then do the tasks that follow. (10 pts)
HOW DOES THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK TICK?
A Our life span is restricted. Everyone accepts this as 'biologically' obvious. ‘Nothing lives for ever!’ However,
in this statement we think of artificially produced, technical objects, products which are subjected to natural
wear and tear during use. This leads to the result that at some time or other the object stops working and is
unusable ('death' in the biological sense). But are the wear and tear and loss of function of technical objects and
the death of living organisms really similar or comparable?

B Our ‘dead’ products are ‘static’, closed systems. It is always the basic material which constitutes the object
and which, in the natural course of things, is worn down and becomes 'older’. Ageing in this case must occur
according to the laws of physical chemistry and of thermodynamics. Although the same law holds for a
living organism, the result of this law is not inexorable in the same way. At least as long as a biological system
has the ability to renew itself it could actually become older without ageing; an organism is an open, dynamic
system through which new material continuously flows. Destruction of old material and formation of new
material are thus in permanent dynamic equilibrium. The material of which the organism is formed changes
continuously. Thus our bodies continuously exchange old substance for new, just like a spring which more or
less maintains its form and movement, but in which the water molecules are always different.

C Thus ageing and death should not be seen as inevitable, particularly as the organism possesses many
mechanisms for repair. It is not, in principle, necessary for a biological system to age and die. Nevertheless,
a restricted life span, ageing, and then death are basic characteristics of life. The reason for this is easy to
recognise: in nature, the existent organisms either adapt or are regularly replaced by new types. Because of
changes in the genetic material (mutations) these have new characteristics and in the course of their individual
lives they are tested for optimal or better adaptation to the environmental conditions. Immortality would disturb
this system - it needs room for new and better life. This is the basic problem of evolution

D Every organism has a life span which is highly characteristic. There are striking differences in life span
between different species, but within one species the parameter is relatively constant. For example, the average
duration of human life has hardly changed in thousands of years. Although more and more people attain an
advanced age as a result of developments in medical care and better nutrition, the characteristic upper limit for
most remains 80 years. A further argument against the simple wear and tear theory is the observation that the
time within which organisms age lies between a few days (even a few hours for unicellular organisms) and
several thousand years, as with mammoth trees.

E If a lifespan is a genetically determined biological characteristic, it is logically necessary to propose the

existence of an internal clock, which in some way measures and controls the aging process and which finally
determines death as the last step in a fixed programme. Like the fife span, the metabolic rate has for different
organisms a fixed mathematical relationship to the body mass. In comparison to the life span this relationship is
‘inverted’: the larger the organism the lower its metabolic rate. Again this relationship is valid not only for
birds, but also, similarly on average within the systematic unit, for all other organisms (plants, animals,
unicellular organisms).

F Animals which behave ‘frugally’ with energy become particularly old for example, crocodiles and tortoises.
Parrots and birds of prey are often held chained up. Thus they are not able to ‘experience life’ and so they attain
a high life span in captivity. Animals which save energy by hibernation or lethargy (e.g. bats or hedgehogs) live
much longer than those which are always active, The metabolic rate of mice can be reduced by a very low
consumption of food (hunger diet) They then may live twice as long as their well fed comrades. Women
become distinctly (about 10 per cent) older than men. If you examine the metabolic rates of the two sexes you
establish that the higher male metabolic rate roughly accounts for the lower male life span. That means that they
live life ‘energetically’ - more intensively, but not for as long.

G It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reserves should tend to extend life. Extreme high
performance sports may lead to optimal cardiovascular performance, but they quite certainly do not prolong
life. Relaxation lowers metabolic rate, as does adequate sleep and in general an equable and balanced
personality. Each of us can develop his or her own ‘energy saving programme’ with a little self observation,
critical self-control and, above all, logical consistency. Experience will show that to live in this way not only
increases the life span but is also very healthy. This final aspect should not be forgotten.
The Reading Passage has seven paragraphs, A-G,
For question 1-6, choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-x, in the corresponding numbered boxes.
LIST OF HEADINGS

I The biological clock: E

II Why dying is beneficial: C
III The ageing process of men and women
IV Prolonging your life: G
V Limitations of life span
VI Modes of development of different species : D
VII A stable life span despite improvements
VIII Energy consumption:F
IX Fundamental differences in ageing of objects and organisms: B
X Repair of genetic material

Example answer: Paragraph A:V

Questions 7-10, complete the notes below
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 7-
10
 Objects age in accordance with principles of(7) ____physical chemistry ___________ and of (8)
_________thermodynamics_____
 Through mutations, organisms can (9) ______adapt_________ better to the environment
 (10) _______Immortality ________ would pose a serious problem for the theory of evolution
PART IV: WRITING ( 50 pts)
1/ Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word given. Don’t
change the word given. You must use between three and eight words including the word given. (10pts)
1. Carol has trouble communicating her ideas to other. (ACROSS)
Carol _______________________________________________.
2. Tom’s presence at parties adds to everyone’s enjoyment. (SOUL).
Tom _______________________________________________ parties.
3. His colleague will do anything to avoid confrontation. (LENGTHS)
His colleague______________________________________ to avoid confrontation.
4. Margaret is said to be a very good cook. (REPUTATION)
Margaret _______________________________________________ very good cook.
5. I think this word comes from ancient Greece. (DERIVED)
 _______________________________________________.
b/ Complete the second sentence so that it has similar meaning to the first sentence.(10 pts)
1. Whatever the methods used to obtain the result, drugs were definitely not involved.
There was no question_______________________________________________.
2. She chooses the kinds of the hotels she stays in very carefully.
She is very fussy _______________________________________________.
3. Although the papers claim that they are going to get divorced, they are not.
Contrary _______________________________________________.
4. I have been told that you have been late for work every day this week.
It has been brought _______________________________________________.
5.The fund-raisers haven’t officially decided where to send the proceeds of the concert.
No_____________________________________________________________.