3/10/22

Various Forms of Nonverbal Communication:

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION 1. Touch
2. Eye contact
3. Facial expressions
COMMUNICATION 4. Posture
- Process of sharing information 5. Gait
- A process that requires interpretation, 6. Gestures
sensitivity & active participation 7. General physical appearance
- A requirement for a person's well-being 8. Mode of dressing and grooming
9. Sounds
10. Silence
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
1. Pace and Intonation
● will modify the feeling and impact of the
1. Intrapersonal
message.
● a powerful form of communication that occurs
● the intonation can express enthusiasm,
within the individual
sadness, anger, or amusement.
● known as self-talk, self-verbalization, self-
● the pace of speech may indicate interest,
instruction, inner thought & inner dialogue
anxiety, boredom, or fear.
● used as a tool to improve nurse's or client's
health & self-esteem
2. Simplicity
E.g.
● includes the use of commonly understood
NO, I can't NO, I can't
words, brevity, and completeness
Yes, I can! Let's do it!
3. Clarity and Brevity
2. Interpersonal
● Clarity is saying precisely what is meant, and
● One-to-one interaction bet. the nurse & another
brevity is using the fewest words necessary
person
● MOST FREQUENTLY USED IN THE NURSING
4. Timing and Relevance
PROFESSION
● the timing needs to be appropriate to ensure
● meaningful interpersonal communication
that words are heard.
results in:
● this also involves sensitivity to the client's
A. Exchange of ideas
needs and concerns
B. Problem-solving
C. Expression of feelings
5. Adaptability
D. Decision making
● spoken words need to be altered in accordance
E. Goal accomplishment
with behavioral cues from the client
F. Team building & personal grow

3. Transpersonal
● Interaction that occurs in the spiritual domain.
NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
4. Small Group - Nurse gather information abt client b4
● interaction with a small number of persons meeting them f2f

5. Public Speaking B. Introductory / Orientation Phase

● Interaction w/ an audience ● Stages:
1. Opening the relationship
Helping Relationship / Nurse-Client 2. Clarifying the problem
3. Structuring & formulating the
Relationship
contract
- nurse & client develop a degree
1. refers to a growth-facilitating process that
of trust & verbally agree on the ff:
strives to achieve two basic goals:
A. location, frequency &
○ Helps clients manage their problems
length of the meeting
○ Helps client's become better at helping
B. the overall purpose of the
themselves in their everyday lives
relationship
C. how confidential material
2. develop over weeks of working with a client, or
will be handled
within minutes
D. tasks to be accomplished
● Keys to the helping relationship:
E. duration & indications for
○ a. trust & acceptance development b.
termination of the
client's belief that nurses cares & wants
relationship
to help him
○ - influenced by personal & professional
C. Working Phase
characteristics of the nurse & the client
- Nurse and client accomplished the task
outlined in the introductory phase, enhancing
trust and rapport and developing care
3. develop over weeks of working with a client, or
- Stages:
within minutes
1. Exploring and understanding thoughts
● Keys to the helping relationship:
and feelings
○ trust & acceptance development
2. Facilitating and taking action
○ client's belief that nurses cares & wants
to help him
D. Termination Phase
● influenced by personal & professional
- often expected to be difficult & filled with
characteristics of the nurse & the client
ambivalence.

Therapeutic Communication
Phases - the hallmark of the nurse-client relationship
- directed toward a specific outcome
A. Preinteraction pHase - nonjudgmental and client-centered
- Planning stage b4 interview
 Basic Principles for Building Therapeutic 4. Providing general leads
● using statements or questions that:
Communication:
○ encourage the client to verbalize
○ choose a topic of conversation
1. Time and Place
○ facilitate continued verbalization
● The amount of time the nurse spends with each
client and the timing of interaction have a
5. Paraphrasing or restating
significant impact on the outcome of the
● actively listening for the client's basic message
interaction.
& then repeating those thoughts and/or feelings
in similar words
2. Setting the stage
● The nurse should introduce and clarify the
● provides an opportunity for the interviewer to
purpose of the interaction and the expected
validate the information by asking the client to
duration.
restate information or provide an example
3. Accepting the client
6. Clarifying/Seeking clarification
● The nurse remains aware of his own biases and
● method of making the client's broad overall
approaches each client from a perspective of
meaning of the message more understandable
acceptance.

● used when paraphrasing is difficult or when the

4. Active listening
communication is rambling or garbled
● communicates acceptance of the person's
thoughts and emotions
7. Focusing
● helping the client expand on & develop a topic
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION IN of importance
NURSING Techniques ● eliminates vagueness
● a limits the area of discussion
1. Using Silence
● accepting pauses/silence for several seconds/ The nurse must wait until the client thinks about the
minutes without interjecting verbal response main concerns before attempting to focus.

● promotes observations about the client and 8. Using Touch

allows time for the client to organize thoughts ● a providing appropriate form of touch to 0
reinforce caring feelings
2. Attentive Listening
● Facilitates eye contact w/ the client and 9. Offering information/ Giving information /
communicates interest in the clients' needs, Educating
concerns, and problems. ● providing, in a simple & direct manner, specific
factual information the client may or may not
request
10. Reflecting
3. Being specific and tentative ● directing ideas, feelings, questions, or content
● making statements that are specific rather than back to clients to enable them to explore their
general, and tentative rather than absolute own ideas & feelings about a situation
E.g.
"Are you in pain?" E.g.
"What can I do?"
"What do you think would be helpful?" "Was that after breakfast?"

11. Acknowledging
● giving recognition, in a non-judgmental way, of
a change in behavior, an effort that the client
has made or a contribution to a communication

12. Summarizing & Planning

● stating the main points of a discussion to
clarify the relevant points discussed
● useful at the end of an interview or to review a
health-teaching session
● condenses data to further validate the
information
E.g.
"During the past half hour, we have talked about..."

13. Using open-ended questions

● asking broad questions that lead or invite the
client to explore thoughts or feelings

14. Presenting Reality

● offering a view of what is real without arguing
with the patient

15. Perception checking or seeking consensual

validation
● a method similar to clarifying that verifies the
meaning of specific words rather than the
overall meaning of a message

16. Offering self

● suggesting one's presence, interest or wish to
understand the client without making any
demands or attaching conditions that the client
must comply with to receive the nurse's
attention
E.g.
"I'll stay with you until your daughter arrives"

17. Clarifying time or sequence

● helping the client clarify an event, situation, or
happening in relationship to time

E.g.
"I vomited this morning"