ORAL LITERATURE
Read ahead ENG125
DEFINITION OF ORAL LITERATURE.
Oral literature refers to the rich tradition of storytelling, poetry, and performance that is passed
down through generations orally, rather than through written texts. In Nigeria, oral literature plays a
significant role in preserving cultural heritage, conveying moral lessons, and entertaining
communities. It encompasses various forms such as myths, legends, folktales, proverbs, and riddles.
These oral narratives often reflect the values, beliefs, and history of different Nigerian cultures.
They are performed during ceremonies, festivals, and informal gatherings, serving as a means of
education, cultural preservation, and community bonding.
GENRES OF ORAL LITERATURE.
1.Oral dramatic literature is indeed a type of oral literature. It encompasses the tradition of
storytelling through dramatic performances, often involving dialogue, characterization, and
theatrical elements. Oral dramatic literature includes forms such as traditional plays, puppetry,
masquerade performances, and other dramatic expressions that are passed down orally from one
generation to another. These performances serve as a means of entertainment, cultural expression,
and community engagement, contributing to the rich tapestry of oral literature in Nigeria.
2. Prose oral literature refers to storytelling or narrative traditions that are conveyed orally in a
prose style, without the use of poetic or rhythmic elements. Prose oral literature often includes
narratives, anecdotes, personal stories, and historical accounts that are shared through spoken word
rather than written text. It is another fascinating aspect of the diverse and rich oral literary traditions
found in Nigeria and other cultures around the world.
3. Oral poet literature refers to the tradition of storytelling and poetic expression through spoken
word, often accompanied by rhythmic patterns and musical elements. Oral poet literature includes
forms such as epic poetry, praise poetry, and other poetic narratives that are passed down orally
from one generation to another. These performances showcase the skill and artistry of the oral poet,
who uses language, rhythm, and imagery to captivate audiences and convey powerful messages.
Oral poet literature is an integral part of the rich oral traditions found in Nigeria and many other
cultures worldwide.
SOURCES OF ORAL LITERATURE
Some of the sources of oral literature include myths, legends, folktales, proverbs, riddles, and
epic poetry. These stories and expressions have been passed down through generations orally,
preserving cultural heritage and conveying important messages within communities.
FUNCTIONS OF ORAL LITERATURE
Oral literature serves various functions within a society. It preserves cultural heritage, entertains,
educates, and passes down knowledge and wisdom from one generation to another. It also fosters a
sense of community, identity, and shared values. Additionally, oral literature can serve as a form of
social commentary, reflecting the beliefs, customs, and experiences of a particular culture.
COMMUNICATION IN ORAL LITERATURE
In oral literature, communication is primarily conveyed through spoken word, storytelling, and
performance. It involves the use of language, voice modulation, gestures, and facial expressions to
effectively convey the narrative, emotions, and messages to the audience. The oral tradition relies
on the direct interaction between the storyteller and the listeners, creating a dynamic and engaging
form of communication.
MOTIFS IN ORAL LITERATURE
Motifs in oral literature are recurring themes, symbols, or ideas that are found across different
stories or narratives. They serve as important elements in oral literature, adding depth and meaning
to the overall storytelling. Motifs can include concepts such as heroism, trickery, love,
transformation, or the power of nature. These motifs often reflect the values, beliefs, and cultural
perspectives of the community from which the oral literature originates.
PRACTICALS EXAMPLES OF ORAL LITERATURE
Some practical examples of oral literature in Nigeria include traditional folktales, epic poems like
the "Epic of Sundiata," praise poetry, and riddles. These forms of oral literature are passed down
through generations, preserving cultural heritage and conveying important messages and lessons.
They are often performed during community gatherings, festivals, or special occasions, engaging
audiences with captivating storytelling and the power of spoken word.
PERFORMANCE IN ORAL LITERATURE
In oral literature, performance plays a crucial role. The stories, poems, and narratives are not only
meant to be read but also to be performed and shared with an audience. The oral tradition relies on
the skill of the storyteller or performer to captivate the listeners through their voice, gestures, and
expressions. This interactive and dynamic form of communication enhances the overall experience
and impact of the oral literature, making it a memorable and engaging event for both the performer
and the audience.
Compiled by ADAMS OMOSHALEWA YETUNDE PBC Fifehanmi
