Form A10 (December 2017) i T 2017/2018 In response to your request for Test Information Release materials, this booklet contains the test questions, scoring keys, and conversion tables used in determining your ACT scores. Enclosed with this, booklet is a report that lists each of your answers, shows whether your answer was correct, and, if your answer was not correct, gives the correct answer. If you wish to order a photocopy of your answer document—including, if you took the writing test, a copy of your written essay—please use the order form on the inside back cover of this booklet. ‘9201 by AC, ne ts eso AGT, ns Woke of ACT econ oped open of AT, rd may nt a bia oc ae cme pre1meeRee eee ed ENGLISH TEST 45 Minutes—75 Questions DIRECTIONS: In the five passages that follow, certain words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the right-hand column, you will find alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the ‘one that best expresses the idea, makes the statement appropriate for standard writen English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the passage ‘as a whole. If you think the original version is best, ‘choose "NO CHANGE" In some cases, you wil find in the right-hand column a question about the undertined part. You are to choose the best answer to the question. ‘You will also find questions about a section of the pas- sage, or about the passage as a whole. These questions {do not refer to an undertined portion of the passage, but rather are identified by a number or numbers ina box. For each question, choose the alternative you consider best and fl in the corresponding oval on your answer document. Read each passage through once betore you begin to answer the questions that accompany it. For many of the questions, you must read several sentences beyond the question to determine the answer. Be sure that you have read far enough ahead each time you choose an alternative PASSAGE! Ukulele Life My older sister was a guitar baff and my idol whea I ‘was growing up, She would teach me songs on her acoustic sitar now and then afterschool and on Tong family road trips tothe beach, In those moments, my sister and I were the closest we've ever been. And my guitar itself fl ike, well, family ‘When my sister lft Chicago for college in California, | began carting my guitar around everywhere: to school to work, to friends houses. Years later, my guitar accompanied me on business trips. No matter where I was playing it made me feel alte bit closer to home, 1. If the writer were to delete the underlined portion, the paragraph would primarily lose: ‘A. an indication that the narrator learned to play guitar ata relatively young age 1B, an indication of why the narrator became inter- ested in playing the guitar C. a detail that specifies how much older the sister is. ‘compared tothe narrator. 1D. detail that reveals the amount of musical talent the narrator's sister had, NO CHANGE around. Everywhere, around everywhere; around everywhere E G i J A. NO CHANGE B. friend's house's, CC. Triends" houses. friend's houses. , NOCHANGE G. tips and no matter where I was HE. trips, No matter where I was z {Wips, no matter where Iwas, GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.1B BBB eB eee el But one day, after landing in Honolulu, Hawaii, for an extended trip, I couldn't locate my guitar on the luggage carousel, Panicked, I assailed airport personnel, who try to recover my beloved instrument. At that ‘moment of my extended trip, continuing the trip without it seemed impossible. My worties began to dissipate, otherwise, as 1 the balmy Hawaiian walked out ofthe airport and upo air, In {cont of me, a man was playing what looked like miniature guitar, Warm, mellow tones acerued from the instrument, complementing the Iyrical rhythm of the Hawaiian words he sang. It was a ukulele {As soon as I could, I bought a ukulele of my own. nthe beach, where several native Hawaiians often played. I watched them for hours, my ‘ukulele ia my hands, and practiced. Unlike the guitar, which has six strings, my ukulele had four: to make the sume chords with the uke, I had to leara completely different finger positions. I also had trouble with dexterity at first because the neck of the uke is much narrower then that ofa guitar. I had to retrain my fingers to make smaller movements in order to shape the chords. 2 10, ML. . Which choice best illustrates the fervor with which the narrator communicated with the airport personnel? ‘A. NO CHANGE B. approached C. questioned D. contacted NO CHANG! whom assured mysel? I. whom assured me ‘who assured me A. NO CHANGE B. moment, due to the fact that I was on an extended. wip. C. very moment during my time in Honolulu, D, moment, NO CHANGE therefore, though, instead, NO CHANGE . distributed appeared issued NO CHANGE Beginning to linger on Lingering on On yoRe NO CHANGE | than that of a guitar i than it then it GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.1B BBeBeeeee eal When I wasn’t working, I was om the beach, losing myself in the bright notes of the uke. Eventually, began playing music like “He'eia ‘And the sound of the ukulele is synonymous with the romance and beauty of Hawaii's beaches. 1B. 4, 18, Which choice best specifies the type of songs the nar- rator played on the ukulele? ‘A. NO CHANGE B. Hawaiian classics C. tropical tunes D. things NO CHANGE G. through #. with J. along Which choice best concludes the essay by emphasizing the central point made in the first and second paragraphs? A. NO CHANGE 'B. And I couldn't think of a better way to spend my uitarless time in Honolulu, C. And although I was guitarless and far from family, [felt like T'was home. D. And even though Iwas ona business tp, I dda’ ‘want to leave, PASSAGE Hedy Lamarr, Across the Spectrum In 1940, Hedy Lamace was becoming a Hollywood star, but she was bored. On set for only three months of the year, she filled her spare time with an unusual hobby: inventing. World War Il was underway in Europe, where Lamart had grown up, and she hoped to invent something to help the Allied cause, Because Lamarr's former husband had often discussed his ‘work in munitions, the actress knew about weaponry. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.1a ER ee eee ew ‘She had ideas of her own, including an idea of hers 16. F. NO CHANGE ~ G. one idea that she had for a torpedo with a sophisticated radio-controlled H her own idea J.) one ‘guidance system, Lamarr knew that radio signals 17. AL this point, the writer is considering dividing the paragraph into two. Making this change would help Organize the essay by separating ‘A. an analysis of Lamarr's first invention from details About another one she later developed. 'B. information about the origin of Lamar’ idea from details about how the invention would work. ©. an overview of Lamarr's film career from an ‘account of how she conceived of her invention D. details about Lamarr’s childhood from general information about radio signals. ‘on one frequency is easy to jam by anyone sending a NO CHANGE has been easy to jam Hare easily jammed J. is easily jammed ‘competing signal on the same freq 19. A. NO CHANGE, = Bl frequency she envisioned. A system that used dozens of frequencies to transmit a C. frequency, she envisioned a D. frequency she envisioned; & signal to guide torpedoes. To protect the signal further, transmitters and receivers would jump from frequency to frequency in a predetermined order that would seem random to an outsider, Such a signal lke that would be 20, K, NO CHANGE — G, similar to that would be hhard to detect and nearly impossible to disrupt. HL. would be difficult and J. would be [1] In August 1940, Lamarr met composer George Antheil, and the owo began collaborating. {2} Antheil, who had synchronized player pianos for his compositions, had ‘the mechanical knowledge that Lamarr needed to instigate 21. A. NO CHANGE. 3 || implement her idea, [9} Then in 1942, the inventors heard thatthe discharge uphold Navy had rejected their idea. [4] They submitted the ‘Secret Communication System” tothe military in June 1941, {5} In the decades after the war, however, the US 22, B, NO CHANGE = war; however, military discovered the value of Lamarr’s idea, which HL war, however J. war however ‘came to be called “spread spectrum,” and used it in ‘guidance, radio, and navigation systems, 23, For the sake of logic and cohesion, Sentence 3 should be placed: A. where it is now. B. before Sentence 1 C. after Sentence 4 after Sentence 5S seraro 5 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.1B BeBe ee ee In 1978, spread spectrum was declassified, and it made a difference, Devices that operate wirelessly cellular phones, wireless Internet networks, the Global Positioning System—functioning because ‘of Lamart’s idea, It wasn’t until 1996 that Lamarr and they were finally given credit for spread spectrum. However, they were awarded the Pioneer Award from the Electronic Frontier Foundation. Upon hearing of hee award, Lamarr said, “I's about time.” 24, Which choice most strongly and specifically empha- sizes that the declassification of spread spectrum was & turning point in the history of communication technology? F, NOCHANGE G. ansformed the communication landscape. HE had an impact on communications. J.) revolutionized things. 25, A. NO CHANGE B._ wirelessly—cellutar phones, CC. wirelessly: cellular phones, D. wirelessly, cellular phones 26, F. NO CHANGE G. 10 function H. function |. DELETE the underlined portion 27, A. NOCHANGE B. Such C. This D. That 28, R, NO CHANGE G. Antheil-—both finally got HE. Antheil finaly to receive J.) Antheil finaly received 29, A. NO CHANGE B. Conversely, they ‘Anyway, they They — | Question 30 asks about the preceding passage | as awhote, 30, Suppose the writer's primary purpose had been to give an overview of the history of an important invention. ‘Would this essay accomplish that purpose? F. Yes, because it recounts the story of Lamarr and Anthel's invention of spread spectrum and the invention’ significance G. Yes, because it shows how Lamarr and Antbeil hanged the cue of Wort War by snvenng Nowbecause although it describes Lamare and Anibei's invention, i does not establish the importance af spread spectum 4. Nor boeause Intend focuses on Lamar, Anthel and their collaborations in the film industy, GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.1B BRR eReee el PASSAGE Il ‘Climbing Mt. Windmill a They'te some 45,000 electricity-generating ‘wind turbines in the United States, and the task of repairing and maintaining these huge machines have represented a substantial inside the towers simplify access to the generators and controllers within the turbine housing. In contrast, servicing the turbine blades those long fiberglass vanes that slic through the igs serious challenge. “ (21 {A] Rock climbers are comfortable in high places and capable, equipped with rope and other simple gear of scaling almost anything, After completing specialized rock climbers become ideal “rope technicians.” 3 ‘When the rope technicians arrive across a turbine, they frst loek the blades into a “bunny ears” postion, in which two blades angle up and one blade points straight down. The technicians climb the ladder inside the tower, secure themselves with ropes sn harnesses, open a hateh in the turbine’s housing, and rappel down the vertical blade 4] Certeinly, turbine blades withstand severe stress. ‘The blades zip through the elements as fast as 200 miles 31 A 32. rE G, i J 33. A. B c. D. E 38. BP 36. B pm ep a7. pore NO CHANGE There are Their is There's NO CHANGE are representing represents represent NO CHANGE Likewise, Instantly, First, NO CHANGE Dlades-—those long fiberglass vanes that slice through the air— blades—those long fiberglass vanes that slice through the air, blades, those long fiberglass vanes that slice through the air NO CHANGE climbing nearly anything—something they're able todo, Ascending just about anything by climbing i. using rope to climb almost anything, NO CHANGE old skills and new knowledge turn rock climbers {nto ideal “rope technicians.” Tew careers as “rope technicians” open up for rock climbers. ‘al “rope technicians” can be made out of rock climbers. NO CHANGE with at GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.12 BBB Bee wet per hour, braving hea, hai, blizzards, and more. Yet despite enduring such harsh conditions, mos turbine blades that rope technicians service only need a thorough cleaning or other basic upkeep, such as a new coat of paint {8} Sometimes, the task can be more complicated: patching fiberglass damage from e lightning surike, for example ic ‘The largest wind turbine blades are over 270 feet long. Technicians work in while they don’t climb in high winds, extreme temperatures, or precipitation, Whether there's lightning within thirty miles, the technicians stay on the ground. (C] Precautions such as these—along with rigorous procedures and training, mak (6) the job quite safe For many rock climbers, being a rope technician isa dream job. [D] Fresh air, great vistas, to practice climbing daily, and ample time off to scale ‘actual rocks-—it’s not a typical job description, is it? 38, Given that all the choices are true, which one would provide the most effective introduction to the paragraph? NO CHANGE ‘The number of wind turbine-related jobs has dou bled in five years, A typical wind turbine has about 8,000 parts Whatever the job, safety is the first priority on 39. A. NO CHANGE pairs, and pairs, pairs 40. ENO CHANGE So that Unless ao 41. A. NO CHANGE B. these; these, these BOM poR> eB 42. ENO CHANGE is making has made smiakes HHOm po 43. A. NO CHANGE they practice climbing regularly, while ofien practicing climbing, plenty of climbing practice, pore 44, The writer wants to end this sentence by emphasizing that rock climbers in particular may find being a rope technician an appealing occupation, Which choice best accomplishes that goal? ENO CHANGE. G. what inspires rock climbers to reach such heights? Hi. what more could a climber want? J.) ready to sign up yet? GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.1B BeBe eBeeee a PASSAGEIV The following paragraphs may or may not be in the most logical order. Each paragraph is num- bered in brackets, and question 59 will ask you to choose where Paragraph 3 should most logically be placed, Christy's Constitution m From shoes to chandelier, Scene atthe Signing of the Constitution of the United States blend accuracy with artistic Ticense to achieve the artist's vision of an event that took place in Philadelphia's Independence Hall. The antist, Howard Chandler Christy, was born in 1873, long after George Washington presided—over the momentous ‘event that in 1787 served the fin role of ending the Constitutional Convention. | uesion 45 asks about he precoding passage toa whol 45. The writer wants (o add the following sentence to the essay! Enter rock climbers. ‘The sentence would most logically be placed at: ‘A. Point A in Paregraph 2. 1B. Point B in Paragraph 4 C. Point C in Paragraph 5. D. Point D in Paragraph 6. 46. F. NO CHANGE, G, have blended HE are blending Je blends 47. Which choice best indicates where the painting is on display? NO CHANGE in a way that is not immediately apparent to all who see it on display. in one of the most famous paintings in Washing- ton, DC. fon a canvas that has been on display for many decades, oO BP y NO CHANGE, presided, presided presided . NO CHANGE ended in the conclusion of finished off concluded GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE,Tee eeeeeee 111 The group portrait as big a a billboard, hangs in the US Capitol building, where it was installed in 1940. {2} Christy’s prior preparations in advance of the work included a visit to Philadelphia to study how the ight falls through the windows in Independence Hal {9} Christy arranged to sce the ikwells into which the auills would have boon dipped as the delegates prepared to make history. [4] He scoured countless drawings of period furniture and fabrics, notin color, texture, design {5} Hunting down portraits ofthe signers and serutinized em. [f a) Such measures may seem standard in the making of historical paintings, bat that is not the ease. For example, in Emanuel Luetze's Washington Crossing the Delaware, the president strikes a noble pose on a boat. Experts now agree could not have been the vessel that carried the revolutionary leader across the river. In another, paint of the signing ofthe US Constitution, antst Barry Falkner places the figures in a Roman ruin ro Accurate in many respects, Christy's painting also plays withthe truth to suggest the grandeor ofthe ‘moment. For instance, Washington benefits from more 10 52. 33. NO CHANGE. preparation work leading up 10 ‘Advance preparations preceding preparations for NO CHANGE, which of 1. DELETE the underlined portion. F NOCHANGE of which were noted HE because they were noted J. DELETE the underlined portion. A. NO CHANGE B. While bunting Ashe hunted 1. He hunted ‘54, The writer wants to add the following statement to the 58. 56. F, paragraph: He deliberately timed his trip for September, the month in which the thirty-nine signers had ‘pul their names on the revered document, This statement would most logically be placed after: F. Sentence | Sentence 2 H, Sentence 3 Je Sentence 4 A. NO CHANGE oat experts boat: experts oat, experts NO CHANGE G._ another painting of the signing, HL. another painting of the signing J. another painting, of the si GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.1B HBB Bee ee ew ‘than his share of natural light, which singles him out in Chrsty’s famous painting. Many of the assembled 57. Which choice both supports the claim the writer makes # in the preceding sentence about the grandeur of the moment and bet crass that Chl deliberately prevents Washington ss having 8 special satus amon ‘the signers? : ‘A. NOCHANGE BB! asa hero among heroes €. with visual effects. Di. inthe grovp. ‘men, luminaries as Benjamin Franklin and James Madison, $8. F. NO CHANGE * G. including such luminaries as improbably stare the viewer squarely in the eye. Their HL. Who are luminaries J. DELETE the underlined portion. expressions suggest they are well aware oftheir own, of the viewer's, almost importance but even more a as if one more signature will give the document its full Questions 59 and 60 ask about the preceding passage as a whole. 59, For he sake of logic and cohesion, Paragraph 3 should 60. Suppose the writers primary purpose had been to beplaced extthine how s work of art changed ine dtecion ofan ee Shunt corer" Would This esey accomplish that B. belo Paragraph 1 purpose? © sherParsgrpt F._ Yes, because it indicates that Christy fed a trend in Dy ater Paragraph £ eling for utneniaty in historia pengs 6. Ye, beouse Te reveals thats single alnting pu Ghristy inthe national spot H. Nov because i fsuses bn Christy's approach toa atta psindgg bat Jocs not discuss he pla May's ete on Chis cree 4. NS persuse Ie indietes that Christy consistently Focused on histrial sobjct matter throughout his PASSAGE “The Artful Stich of Paj Newb She depiets lowers wih layers of petal, intcate spirals and rosetes, teardrops bending within circles, and dizzying mazes of lies-embroiderin them in vibrant ‘61. Which choice best maintains the stylistic patern of Sying mages ot ines Ueteripionsenblished carter inthe Sentence? See eee | eee sik or cotton, Pang Xiong SirrathasukSikoun is a master something with a dizzying effect of paj ntaub, or “flower cloth” embroidery, the most ae difficult of the century's-oldest Hmong needlework arts 62. ENO CHANGE a centuries-old ccontuties -0ld century’s-old sera ” GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.1B BeBe eee el ‘Paj ntaub is increasingly made in lighter, softer shades, today, [5] She's been cesting itched tees since she ‘was a young woman, and lived in northern Laos, or the past several decades, she's been designing paj ntaub in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where she also teaches her craft Flower cloth (commonly as a shirt, dress, 4, oF collar is made to be worn as clothing and, depending on the amount of needlework on the piece, is designed either for everyday wear or for a special ‘occasion, With pattern names such as “elephants foot” and “snail house” and images of animals framed by geometric designs, What distinguishes paj nraub from other Hmong needlework arts isthe artist's use of tiny, tight stitches, and several complex techniques. One technique is apes are cut out from, reverse appliqué, in whi rather than adding on top of, the embroidered fabric. 63, The writer is considering deleting the preceding sen- tence, Should the sentence be kept or deleted”? ‘A. Kept, because it compares Pang Xiong’s embroi- dery style with that of modern paj ntaub. B. Kept, Because it places the subject of the essay in a ‘modern context. . Deleted, because it detracts from the paragraph’s focus on the various styles of ancient Hmong needlework arts, D. Deleted, because it adds a detail that is irefevant to the paragraph's introduction of Pang Xiong’s ‘conection to pajntaub. NO CHANGE woman living woman, who lives ‘woman, having lived tz 65. The best placement for the underlined portion would bes A. where itis now. B. after the word made. C. after the word clothing. D. after the word needlework 66. F, NO CHANGE G, have been designed HE, are designed Je design 67, Which choice most clearly builds on the information vided earlier in the sentence about a common theme Jn paj ntaub patterns and images? ‘A. NO CHANGE BI only a master artist is able to create paj niaub Clothing for special occasions. €. paj mtaub patterns are extraordinarily colorful D._paj mtaub celebrates the natural worl. NO CHANGE tiny tight, sitehes tiny, tight stitches tiny tight stitches, NO CHANGE | appliqué which appliqué and D. applique, 70. NO CHANGE, 1. as an addition to add them added GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.1B EBB eee ee Another is elaborate overstitching: thousands of layered stitches are applied to its surface. Pang Xiong regrets that most people she knows today wear only regular clothes. When she was growing. 'up in Laos, she explains, she had few items of clothing, but each garment she owned was handcrafted paj ntaub, However, she still wears flower cloth every day and would ike to inspire others todo so. Pang Xiong teaches paj maub in at muscums—including a the Smithsonian Institution, whore some of her textiles axe on permanent isplay-—and in community setngs around Philadelphia, [7] Pang Xiong ie showing a new generation the joys of pj ntaub and beatiful hhanderafted clothing. nt n. BB. ™ 78. ‘A. NO CHANGE the surface of the fabric, the surface of it D. their surface, ‘The writer is considering revising the underlined por: tion to the following ‘mass-produced Should the writer make this revision? F. Yes, because the revision creates a clearer contrast between the homogeneous styles of clothing that are popular today and the handcrafted paj maaub. G. Yes, because the revision emphasizes Pang. Xiong’s desire for her handcrafted paj niaub to be sold On a large scale in stores, HE No, because the original word reinforces the idea that although paj ntaub clothing can be used for everyday wear, it should be saved for special occa- J. No, because the original word more specifically describes the pe of eating Pang Xing disap proves of. A. NO CHANGE B. For example, she C. Besides, she D. Sho Which choice most clearly and concisely indicates that Pang Xiong wants other people to wear and appreciate handcrafted clothing? NO CHANGE people to also attempt that approach, people she knows. thers, ‘Which of the following true statements, if added here, would best build on the ideas presented in this para- graph and connect to the final sentence of the essay? ‘A. She loves when people, no matter what their th- nicity, Wear traditional clothing every day B. She often teaches paj ntaub to Hmong adults her lage who want to learn new techniques. Recently, she worked with nine young Hmong ‘women in a formal apprenticeship. D. One of her own favorite pieces tells the story of her family. END OF TEST 1 STOP! DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO.PAAAAAAAA AD MATHEMATICS TEST 60 Minutes—60 Questions DIRECTIONS: Solve each problem, choose the correct answer, and then fil in the corresponding oval on your answer document, Do not linger over problems that take too much time. Solve as many as you can; then return to the others in the time you have left for this test. You are permitted to use a calculator on this test. You may use your calculator for any problems you choose, ‘but some of the problems may best be done without using a calculator. Note: Uniess otherwise stated, all of the following should be assumed 1. llustrative figures are NOT necessarily drawn to scale, 2. Geometric figures lie in a plane. 8. The word line indicates a straight line. 4, The word average indicates arithmetic mean, 1. A mathe wil be randomly selected from a bag of soldolored marbles. The probability of selecting a A red male is marble is, What the probability of selecting a ed ‘The probability of selecting a blue marble or a blue marble? 2. The graph below shows the number of students who were present on Thursday from each of the 5 preype Ms, Meagan’s class. What ts the probability tat ¢ student selected at random fiom the slss on Thursday is in Group 4? 1 4 Bg | cy 2 H. g 5 ees ‘group number 4 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.2 4 Consider the equation k= 2 + 54, For what vale of isthe vale of equal 1040? 4. What is [3 ~ 2] when x=8? R -ll G.-3 HS L 8 Kou '5. When Tyrese fell asleep one night, the temperature was 24°F. When Tyrese awoke the next morning, the temperature was -16°F, Letting + denote a rise in temperature and ~ denote a drop in temperature, what twas the change in temperature from the time Tyrese fell asleep unt the time he awoke? A. ~40°F B -8°F CF DL 48°F EB, +40°F 6. Ming purchased a car that had a purchase price of $5,400, which included all other costs and tax. She paid $1,000 as a down payment and got a loan for the Fest of the purchase price. Ming paid off the loan by making 28 payments of $200 each. The total of all her payments, including the down payment, was how mach Imore than the car's purchase price? F, $ 200 G. $1,200 1H. $4,400 3. $5,600 K. $6,600 7. Shown below is a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle Whose radius is 4 inches. What is the perimeter, in inches, of the hexagon? an, fF N ©. 18 D. 20 4 — 15 AA2 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.QPAAAAAAAAAD 8. The floor plan for an L-shaped storage building is DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. shown below with distances marked in feet. What is the floor area ofthe building, in square feet? (Note: Walls inthis building mect only at right angles.) 10 G. 508 y He 1,232 i 1 196 K. 1980 w 9. Quadiilajeral ABCD with vertices A(-2.0), 0.4), CG), apd DG,2) will be graphed in the standard (sy) coordina plane belo. Which of the following is « type of quadrilateral determined by these vertices? kite Parllelogram Trapezoid D Rectangle ED Square 10, Given that fix) = 3x+7 and g(x) = 4, what is the value of flg4)] 7 R38 G19 HSI 3.152 K. 1805 pera 16 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.2 2 1. At her hot dog stand, Julie sells hot dogs for $2 each DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. Purchasing hot dogs and other supplies costs $200 per month, The solution of which of the following Inequalities models the numbers of hot dogs, h, Julie ccan sell per month and make a profit? A. h-200>0 B. h-200<0 Ch 20050 D. 2h-200<0 E. 2h 20050 12, In the standard (x.y) coordinate plane, what isthe slope of the line 3x + 8) =57 3 3 at 3 un 3 5 K 5 13, Which of the following (x,y) pairs is the solution for the system of equations x+2y = 2 and ~2x +) = 16” 14, On a map, + inch represents 16 actual miles. Two towns that are 22 inches apart om this map are how ‘many actual miles apart? Et G. 16 Has i 64 K. 176 1S, Which ofthe lowing maicsis qual to4[-4 2]? A. [tl 4] » [23] 3 6} © [3s “1 4 p fit ot ar © [38] acrate 7 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.2 2 16. pat i the value of tan A in right triangle AABC DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. Rs 4 af A ” a .¥ c 5 2 x2 17, Tina runs at a rate of 8 miles per hour. At that rate, ‘how many miles will she run in 12 minutes? 5 AS Be? ci vid EB 2 18. A function f(x) is defined as f(s) fea? 627, What is FR -324 G54 HL 34 J. 108 K 324 19, In the figure below, A is on BE” and C is on BD. What is the measure of ZABC? 24° are 45° 48° 65° PoORP sora 18 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.ZAAAAAAAA AD 20, Marcos programs his calculator to evaluate a linear DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. function, but he doesn't say what the funetion is. When 5 is entered, the calculator displays the value 2. When 15 is entered, the calculator displays the value 6. Which of the following expression’ explains what the calculator will display when any numbet, mis entered? Bln «4 Hon-3 L 21. On Friday, the temperature at 8:00 a.m, was 49°F and rose at a constant rate of L°F per hour until noon, A cold front passed through at noon, and he temperature then fell at a constant rate of 1°F per hour. The temperate fist fll below 49°F between B (yma 2pm, 2pm. and 3 pm D. 3 pim.and 4 pam, E. 4pm.and5 pam 22, Letter grades in Hugo's math class are based on the percent of the total possible points on 4 unit exams {each worth 100 points) and the final exam (worth 200 points) and are assigned according to the chart co Tange [Gown ance] [Arteastooe | A | noe-som B | 70%-79% c ce [stan com] ‘The number of points Hugo scored on the unit exams this term were #2, $8, 91. and 83. When course grades were posted, Hugo's course grade was listed ay a B. Which of the following could NOT have been the number of points he scored on the final exam? R136 i. 136, 166 i. 176 scvare 19 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.2 2 Use the following information to answer } questions 23-26. Halle is bowling a series of 3 games, She bas bowled 2of 3 games with scores of 148 and 176, The figure below is a iop view of the bowling lane. The dimensions for the bowling lane are given in the figure. The pin deck is the rectangular azea within the bowling lane where the 10 bowling pins are set up. (Note: The figure is not drawn to scale.) ———— Fale geek ¢ ¥ 34 feet S foet 23. The diameter of each pin at its base is 2.25 in, When all ofthe pins are set up, which of the following valies is closest to the area, in square inches, that is covered by the bases of the pins? A 40 B71 coun D. 125 159 24, What is the ratio of the total area of the bowling lane to the area of the pin deck? RE 2 Ba Ba 2, What score will Halle need to earn in her 3rd game to hhave an average score of 172 for the 3 games?” AL 165 B12 C182 D. 192 200 26. The area of a rectangle is 300 square meters, and its length is 3 dimes its width, How many meters wide is the rectangle? R10 G30 50 - 100 K. 150 20 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.2 27, A parallelogeam has a perimeter of 96 inches, and 1 of its sides measures 16 inches. If it can be determined, What are the lengths, in inches, ofthe other 3 sides? AL 16, 16,48 B16, 24,24 C16, 32,32 D. 16, 40, 40 E, Cannot be determined from the given information 28, Elmhurst Street is a two-way street. In each direction, it has one 12-foot-wide lane for ear traflte, one 6-foot- ‘wide bike lane, and one 8-foot-wide parking lane. How ‘many feet wide is Elmhurst Street? R26 G. 38 W532 60 K. 80 29, At Central High School, 4 out of every 10 students ride the bus to and from school, and 3 out of every 8 who, tide the bus are freshmen. If there are 2,500 students Central, how many of the students are freshmen who side the bus? 375 a2 428 361 70s PpORP y° << 180° and sin = 22, then cos 30, 1f 90° < 6 < 180° and sin @ = 33. the » B40 20 « 2 31. Given fix) . what is(are) the real value(s) of ¢ for which (0 A. —Lonly B. 2only C. 2 and 1 only 1 and 2 only 1 and 2 only scree 21 AAA2Q DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.2 A 2 Use the following information to answer questions 32-36. In the figure below, a highway rest area (at D) and radar stations (at A and B) lie on a level east-west line; A is 9,000 feet due west of D. An airplane (at C) is shown directly above the rest area, flying due west at a constant speed of 300 feet per second and at a constant altitude of 12,000 feet. The airplane is located at a straight-line distance of 15,000 feet from the radar station at A and 13,000 feet from the radar station at B. c 15,000, 13,000 De 300 DB 32 Which of the following values is closest to the distance, in feet, between the 2 radar stations? £5,000 G. 10,000 H. 10,500 3. 14,000 K. 15,000 33. Let A, C, and D tie in the standard (x) coordinate plane such that 4 is at (0,0) and D is’at (9,000, 0) Which of the following equations represents the Tine along which the aieplane is flying? 34. Which of the following values the point directly above the radar station at A ? BW G. 30 H. 40 LB K. 50 is closest to the number ‘of seconds it will take for the airplane to fly fram C to 22 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE,2 38, When considering the changing triangle formed by A, B, and the moving airplane (C), which of the angles betow increases in measure as the airplane flies due ‘west beyond the point directly above A ? 12a 2 ut Ze A Loa 8 realy C. Fund lt only D, Land Ill only E. Mand lif only 36, Troy mad a rectangular poster that 4 feet long and 2 feet wide. The poster is too large 10 fit im the availble play spac, s Toy i going to make #26 omer tat wil have an are that SO of the ae of the orginal poster The length of Troy's new poster willbe 3 the length ofthe original poster, How many fee wide wil he new poster be? eu 63 37. What is the solution set of the equation x4 6220+ 3)—2? ‘A. ‘The empty set (n0 solution) B. (0) ca) D. 3) IE. The set of all real numbers 38. Steve plans to use 28 feet of fencing to enclose a region of his yard for a pen for his pet rabbit. What is the afea, in square feet, of the largest rectangular region Steve can enclose? R 40 45 a8 J 49 K. 196 porate 23 A A2 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO.THE NEXT PAGE.PAAAAAAAA AD 239. There are exactly 5 peopl in a bookstore at 12:00 p.m. Each person earns an annual income that is between $30,000 und $35,000. No-one enter or leaves the Bookstore until 12:13 pam, when a professional athlete wrth an annual income of more than $1,000,000 eaters the bookstore and juin the ether 5 people. The mean, median, range, anid standard deviation of the anual incomes ofthe 5 people in the bookstore at 12-00 p.m are calculated and compared tothe same 4 satis of ihe sinual incomes ofthe 6 people in the bookstore aC 12:15 pum. If ican be determined, which of the 4 sats changed the eas? A. Range BD Meum . Median D. Standard deviation BL Cannot be determined from the given information 40, Ana and Amy sate a landscaping ob together, When [Ana siopped, she had completed 2 ofthe job. When Amy stopped, she had completed of the job, Then Ruben completed the rst of the job in 2 hours. Assume that Ana, Amy, and Ruben all worked atthe same rte, Which ofthe following values is closest ro the number of hurt would have taken 1 of them to complet the entire jb alone? F937 6.37 33 i. 5.00 K. 730 41. If a and b are positive real numbers, which of the following is equivatent to 2-VEl’ » cs A. 8a75* ae é cc. 160 spt 1s BG 24 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.PAK AKA AKAAAAD 42, To become a contestant on a quiz show, a person must DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. correctly order 4 rock stars by age, from youngest to Oldest. ‘The contestant knows which one is the oldest rock star, but randomly guesses at the order of the other 3 rock stars, What is the probability the ‘contestant will get all 4in the correct order? 43, Which of the following expressions is equivalent 10 3 44, An automobile license plate number issued by a certain state has 6 character positions. Each of the first positions contains a single digit from 0 through 9. Tee Bethe last 3 positions contains 1 of the 26 letters Df the alphabet, Digits and letters of the alphabet can fe repeated on a license plate. How many different uch license plate numbers can be made? RE, 36 G. 46,656 HL 1,000,000 J. 12,812,904 K, 17,576,000 pera 25 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.QPAAKKRAAAA AD 45. The function y=f(x) is graphed in the standard (x,y) coordinate plane below. y The points onthe graph ofthe function y fan Benet the points on) =) By 9 st [As Lonit tothe right and 3 units up. BL onitto be right and 3 unite dows C. 3 nits to the ght and 1 unt up D. 3 unis tothe aight and 1 unt down By iin othe left snd 1 ont down, 46, When logs x =~2, what is x? 47. Which of the following lists those integer values of D Z en band ta for which the fraction 2 ties between + and 5 A. domly Bo 3.4.ands C. Bonly D. 7,8,and9 E. lonly 48, For all real numbers a, b, and ¢ such that a> and <0, which of the following inequalities must be tue? H. ac> be J. atecbte K. acb-c peraro 26 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.2 A 49, The tangle shown below has side lengths 37, 38, and 39 inches. Which ofthe following expressions ives ihe measur ofthe largest angle of the tangle? (Note: For every tangle with sides of length a,b, and «that are opposite 24, 2B, and ZC, respectively, Coat 2ub 00s C) 38in 38 in win (3 —38— 39" o a) (_392— 30°38 s ane) . cos" 37? ~ 38 39° + 2038)(39)) D. cos 3 3739" + 279) E, cos {39° ~37? ~ 38° + 2(379(38)) 50, Pete has an average score of exactly x points on 4Sequally weighted tests. How many points higher than 1X must Pete score on the Sth equally weighted test 10 raise his average score after the Sth test to +2 points? 2 cs HOS oe 18) K. 10 Si. The intersection of lines Fand m forms the 4 angles ZA, £8, LC, and 2D. The measure of 2B is 35 times the measure of ZA. Which of the following values is closest to the measure of ZA? A. 20° B 26° C. 35° D. 40° E. 51° 52. A sequence is defined for all positive integers by Sp= Bg t+ Land s; = 3, What is se? BR 9 ica ia HL 2 49 Kin 27 AA2 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.PAAKRAAAAAAD 153, If a is an integer less than ~1, which of the following orders the expressions [a|, ~a', and — from least value to greatest value? $4, At the school carnival, Ann is playing a game involving a stack of 10 index cards. Each card has a single number written on it: I card has a 1, 2 cards hhave a 2, 3 cards have a 3, and 4 cards have a 4. Ann will choose 1 card at random, and she will be awarded the number of points equal (o the number written on the card. Let the random variable X represent the ‘number of points Ann receives on any 1 draw, What is the expected value of X? ‘55. Which of the following is equivalent to the sum of any 3 consecutive odd integers, x, y, and z, such that eyes? A 3: B. 3y Cx D. 3x42 p, ftyte 56. The mean of the set of $ numbers {42, 3, 11, 27, x} ix 24, and the median of the set of 4 aumbers (53, 8, 29, y] is 38. If it can be determined, which of the foliowing values is equal to x—y? ER -38 i 38 KK. Cannot be determined from the given information erase 28 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.2PAAAAAAAA AD ‘57. Consider all rectangles such that the rectangle’s length is greater than the rectangle's width and the length and ‘width are whole numbers of inches. Which of the following perimeter in inches, is NOT possible for such a rectangle with an area of 144 square inches? AL B rcs D. gE. $88, The equation (x— 7)" + (y~8) 48 60 80 102 148 10 is that of a circle that lies in the standard (x,y) coordinate plane. One endpoint of a diameter of the circle has y-coordinate 1. What is the y-coordinate of the other endpoint of that diamete:? 59, The plans for a diving poo! call for a rectangular prism that has 1 length of 30 meters, a width of 25 meters, and a depth of 5 meters. If the plans are changed to increase both the length and the width of the pool by 10%e, what will be the increase, to the nearest 1%, in the volume of the pool? AL B c. Dd. gE. 10% 11% 20% 21% 33% 60, One solution of the equation 4x° ~ 27 +x+7=0 is 1, Which of the following describes the other 2 solutions? H a K. oth are negative real numbers. One is a negative real nomber, and the other is a itive real number Both are positive rea! numbers One is a_posiive real mumber, and the other is a complex number that isnot real Both are complex numbers that are not real DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. END OF TEST 2 ‘STOP! DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO. DO NOT RETURN TO THE PREVIOUS TEST.3 oe 3 READING TEST 35 Minutes—40 Questions DIRECTIONS: There are several passages in this test. Each passage is accompanied by several questions. Aitor reading a passage, choose the best answer to each ‘question and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer document. You may refer to the passages as ‘often as necessary. Passage | LITERARY NARRATIVE: This passage short story “Pride” by Ales Marre (62011 by Alice Munro}. Oneida didn’t go to school with the rest of us. She went to 2 girls’ school, a private school. Even in the ‘summers she was not around much. I believe the farily had a place on Lake Simcoe. 5 Oneida was an unusual name. Her father, I believe, called her Ida. Ida's father ran the bank. Even in those days bankers came and went, T suppose to keep them From ever getting too cozy with the customers. But the Jantzens had been having their way in town for 100 long. for any regulations to matter, or that was how it seemed, Horace Jantzen had certainly the look of a man. born to be in power. A heavy white beard and a ponder- us expression, In the hard times of the Thirties people were still coming up with ideas. You can be Sure, men were nursing a notion bound to make them » million dollars. A million dollars in those days was a million dollars. It wasn't any railway bum, however, who got into the bank to talk to Horace Jantzen. Who knows 4 was 20 single person or a cohort. Maybe a stranger or some friends of fiends. Well dressed and plausible ooking, you may be sore, Horace set store by appearances He wasn't a fool, though maybe not as quick ay be should have been fo smell rat 25 The idea was the resurrection of the steam-driven car, such as had been around at the turn of the century. Horace Jantzen may have had one himself and had a fondness for them. This new model would be an improved version, of course, and have the advantages of 0 being economical and not making a racket. Tm not acquainted with the details, having been in hhigh school at the time. But I can imagine the leak of talk and the scoffing and enthusiasm and the news get ting through of some entrepreneurs from ‘Toronto or ‘85 Windsor or Kitchener getting ready to set up locally. Some hotshots, people would say. And others would ask if they had the backing. ‘They did indeed, because the bank had put up the Joan. It was Jantzen’s decision and there was Some'con- 40 fusion that he had put in bis own money. He may have done so, but he had also dipped improperly into bank funds, thinking no doubt that he could pay it back with nobody the Wiser, Maybe the laws were not so tight then. There were actually men hired and the old Livery 45 Stable was cleared out to be their place of operations. ‘And here my memory grows shaky, because I graduated from high school, and I had to think about earning a living if that was possible, I settled for bookkeeping, and that meant going out of town to apprentice to an 50 outfit in Goderich, By the time I got back home the Steam-car operation was spoken of with scorn by the people who had been against it and not at all by those ‘who had promoted it, The visitors to town who pro- ‘moted it had disappeared 55 The bank had lost a Tot of money. There was talk not of cheating but of mismanagement. Somebody had to be punished. Any ordinary manager would have been out on his ear, but given that i¢ was Horace Jantzen this, ‘was avoided. What happened to him was almost worse 0 He was switched to the job of bank manager in the litle village of Hawksburg, about six miles up the highway, Prior to this there had been no manager there at all, because they didn’t need one. There had just been & head cashier and an underling cashier, both women, 65 Surely he could have refused, but pride, as it was thought, chose otherwise. Pride chose that he be driven every morning those six miles to sit behind a partial wall of cheap varnished boards, no proper office at all ‘There he sat and did nothing until it was time for him to 17 be driven home. The person who drove him was his daughter. Sometime in these years of driving she made the transition from Ida to Oneida. At last she had some thing to do, IFT picture Oneida and her father on these journeys 75 to and from Hawksburg, I see him riding in the back seat, and her in front, like a chauffeur, It may bave been that he was too bulky to ride up beside her. | don't see Oneida looking downtrodden or unhappy at the arrange: ment, nor her father looking actually unhappy. Dignity 80 was What he had, and plenty of it. She had something, different. When she went into a store of even walked on the street there seemed to be a little space cleared around her, made ready for whatever she might want or igreetings she might spread. She seemed then a bit flus- 85 tered but gracious, ready to laugh a little at herself or the situation. Of course she had her good bones and GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.3 eee eee 3 bright looks, all that fair dazzle of skin and hair. So it right seem strange that T could feel sorry for her, the ‘way she was all on the surface of things, trusting. 1. Based on the passage, it could be assumed that the nar- rator gained the knowledge to tell this story about Tantzen by: A. piecing the story together out of hearsay and his ‘wa recollections. B. learning the details diecly from Jantzen. CC. fabricating the entire story because it didn’t really happen. D._ being « participant in the events as they unfolded, 2 In the context of the passage, which of the following Statements most. strongly foreshadows. Jantzen’s downfall? “Ida's father ran the bank” (Line 6). ‘In the hard times of the Thirties people were still coming up with ideas” (lines 14~15), H. “He wasn’t a fool, though maybe not as quick as he should have been to smell a rat" (lines 23-24) J. “Horace Janizen may have had one himself and had a fondness for them’ (Iines 27-28). 3. The passage suggests that in considering who con- vvineed Jantzen to invest in manufacturing steam-driven cars, most people in town: A. .could list everyone who was involved. B. believed some were friends of friends while others, \were complete strangets. CC. figured it had been an oid cohort of Jantzen’s who had fallen on hard times. D. indulged in speculation, but didn't know for sure ‘who it had been. 4. Which of the following is true of people's behavior when the narrator returned t9 town after his apprenticeship? I. Visitors who promoted steam cars had left town. IH, Peopie in town blamed the loss of money on Jantzen having cheated. TL, People in town who had favored the plan to bring back steam cars stopped speaking of the IV, People who had been against the plan to bring ‘back steam cars spoke of the cars scornful. 2. Land Il only Hand 1V onty 1. and TV only Je Ti, Tic and TV onl 5. Which of the following best paraphrases the narrator's comments in lines 14-167 A. People in their thirties had the best ideas for ‘making money. B. Because times were hard, people were trying to find new money-making schemes. C. Men were making as much as million dollars a ‘year in the 1930s, D. Everyone was sure that they should take their ‘money-making plans to Jantzen. 5. AS i is used in Tine 16, the word nursing most nearly Krearing, G. educating HE. healing, J. fostering, 7. The narrator speculates that whoever convinced Jantzen to invest ina steam-driven car must have been: ‘A, well dressed; Jantzen would have been impressed by someone who looked affluent. B. wealthy: otherwise, Jantzen wouldn't have risked loaning the money. . elderly; Jantzen would have trusted someone who, Could remember the original stoam-driven cars. D. intelligent; it woutd have taken someone clever to convince Jantzen to invest. ‘Based on the passage, it’s most logical to conelude that the original steam-driven cars were: R._expensive and noisy. G. reliable and fast HE. unattractive and impractical Je luxurious and durable 1. According to the passage, the majority of the invest- ‘ment money to manufacture a steam-driven ear came from: |A. some of Jantzen's wealthy friends. By Jantzen’s entire life savings. C. the bank Jantzen was managing. D. entrepreneurs from Toronto, Windsor, ot Kitchener. ‘The narrator states that people assumed it was pride that drove Jantzen to: E. invest in steam-driven cars, G. agree 10 manage the Hawksburg bank H., look miserable while Oneida drove him to work J create a makeshift office out of varnished boards. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.3 eee 3 SOCIAL SCIENCE: Passage A |s adapted trom Plastic: A Toxie Love Story by Susan Freinkel (62011 by Susan Freinke) Passage B® adaptod from Ameria Plast: A Cul tural History by detirey L Meikle (21995 by Jetrey L Meiko). Passage A by Susan Freinkel Designers were enthralled by the universe of pos- sibility from plastics’ earliest days, They loved the design freedom that synthetics offered and the spisit of modernity the materials embodied. To furniture '5 designer Paul T. Frankl, a material like Bakelite, the world’s first synthetic plastic, spoke “in the vernacular of the twentieth century. the language of invention, ‘of synthesis,” and he urged his fellow designers to use theif full imaginative powers to explore the new materi- 10 als’ frank artificiality. As interpreted by Frankl and other designers working with Bakelite in the "30s and "40s, that was the language of streamlining, a lingo of ‘curves and dashes and teardrop shapes that created a feeling of speed and motion in everyday objects 15 Streamline a fountain pen and even that stolid item ‘declared: we're hurtling toward the future here! ‘There was another reason designers embraced plastics. From the mid-twentieth century on, modern design has been guided by an egalitarian gospel. a 20 belief that good design needn’t cost a lot of money, that even the most mundane items could be things of beauty. “Get the most of the best to the most forthe least” was the way Ray and Charles Eames put it in their famous tongue-twisting credo. Plastics were the ideal medium 25 for that mission: malleable, relatively inexpensive, an ‘made for mass manufacture Yet, as in any new relationship, there were risks. It ‘was all {00 easy to exploit plastics” powers of mimicry to produce the kinds of imitations—pseudo-wood.cabi- 90 nets and faux-leather recliners—that contributed to the growing reputation of plastic as an inferior material, "lastics” adaptability and slibness undermined theit capacity to achieve “dignity” as legitimate materials worthy.0f being taken Seriously, one critic wrote 35 This impression was exacerbated by people's unfortunate experiences with plastics in the immediate postwar years, There were plastic plates that melted in hot water, plastic toys that cracked on Christmas morn- ing, plastic raincoats that grew clammy and fell apart in 40 the rain, Polymer technology improved during the 1950s as manufacturers figured out how to make better plastics and, even more important, how to match the fight polymer with the right application. But the damage to plastic’s reputation had heen done, Passage B by Jeffrey L. Meikle 45 Worrying about the image of plastic made sense in 1045 when unfamiliar new materials confronted Wary consumers, By the mid-1950s, however, no-one was ignorant of plastic because it surrounded everyone. 32 Sidney Gross, who joined Modern Plastics in 1952 and 50 became editor in 1968, recalled that he had “agitated a Jot” over the years to get SPI, the trade association for the plastics industry, 1 quit frying to convince people “that plastic is not bad.” Tt was a waste of money because plastic’s image—-pood of bad—did not really matter. The key to plastic's success, as he saw it, was + always “selling the manufacturer.” Once plastic prod- ucts filled the stores, people had no choice but to con- sume what they were offered. Most of the time, Gross maintained, afier the industry had solved postwar qual- ity problems, plastic objecis did work better. Things tmade of plastic were betler designed and lasted longer. People intuitively recognized that fact even if they retained an intellectual notion that plastic was bad or shoddy. In short, nothing succeeded like success, 65 Often plastic did offer a significant improvement oon whatever it replaced, A sleepy householder had to watch only once in dishelief as a polyethylene juice pitcher bounced off the kitchen floor to begin accepting plastic in a practical way no matter how strong the con- eptual disdain for it. Even plastic toys, despite the brit te polystyrene items that broke on Chiistmas morning, proved superior in many ways. A toy soldier of molded Polyethylene could not scratch the furniture as readily as an old-fashioned lead soldier. Most people who expressed negative attitudes about plastic used it anyway without thinking about it, ether because a par- ticular use had proven itself or because an inexpensive trouble-free alternative no longer existed. As House Beautiful observed in 1955, “The news is not that plas- tics exist, but [that] they have already heen so assimi- lated into our lives.” ‘The average person was “conditioned to plastics.” They had penetrated so far into the material fabric of everyday life that their pres ence could not be denied no matter how many people considered them second-rate substitutes or a sad com- ‘mentary on modern times. 1 8 20 Questions 11-14 ask about Passage A a) IL. In the context of Passage A, the author uses the description of a fountain pen (ines 15~16) most neatly to: ‘A. lament the way that unique objects began to look identical after the advent of streamlining, B. critique designers for creating items that were Deautiful rather than functional. . illustrate how even everyday items could be designed to appear modern D. exemplify the kind of item that remained largely unaffected by new design trends, GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.3 Seer eas O 412. The main idea of the second paragraph (tines 17-26) is that plastics: F. appealed to a prevailing philosophy of providing great design to many people for a low cost. G. quickly became popular enough to inspire a hhumber of famous éredos and advertising slogans, H. created a challenge for designers, who were not used to working with such a malleable material inspired an artistic movement whose members prized mundane objects rather than beautiful ones, 13, According to Passage A, one reason for designers" early interest in plastics was that: ‘A. the materials’ ability to be freely shaped encour- aged inventiveness. B. consumers’ demand for attractively designed items was high. C. a person creating everyday items out of plastics ‘was seen as a bold risk taker. D, older materials ike Bakelite were dificult vo work 14, It can reasonably be inferred from Passage A that before the 1950s, plastics manufacturers had not yet figured out B. how to mold plastics to create the impression of streamlining. G. which plastics were best suited to specific purposes H. whether consumers would buy everyday items made of plastics. J. whether designers would embrace working with plastics, a Questions 15-17 ask about Passage B. | —_—________] 18. In the context of Passage B, the statement "They had penetrated so far into the material fabric of everyday Fife” (lines 82-83) most nearly refers to the Way that plastics came to be: ‘A. considered a symbol of increased consumerism, B. preferred by most consumers to more conventional ‘materials . perceived as a threat to traditional ways of life D. pervasive to the extent that they were integral 10 people's routines. 16. Wy. 18, 19. 20, {In Passage B, the primary purpose of the details about the polyethylene juice pitcher (lines 66-70) isto: F. describe an advertisement ereated by the plastic industry in an attempt to improve plastic’s image. G. show how people might be persuaded by plastic's durability despite disliking plastic in general H, demonstrate how dramatically plastic’s quality improved between 1945 and the mid-1950s, J. provide an example of the kinds of mishaps that biased people against plastic. Passage B most nearly suggests that compared to toys made of waitonal materials, toys made of plate were often A. more flexible and more detailed. fess costly and sturdier. Tess drable but also less destructive more popular with kids but less popular with parents ‘Questions 18-20 ask about both passages. ‘To support their claims about the public’s perception of plastics during the time periods discussed in the passages, both passage authors: F, quote people who used or wrote about plastics. G. analyze publications that promoted plastics Hi, define key concepts used to market plastics, J. personify artwork or objects made of plastics. Both passages suggest that one bias the public held in the postwar years Was that items made of plastic were: ‘A. unattractive in design, uunnervingly artificial, expensive novelties inferior substitutes. D. Which of the following statements best compares the ways the authors of Passage A and Passage B use details about plastic toys on Christmas morning? F. Passage A uses the toys as an example of good design, while Passage B uses the toys as proof that plastic items were superior to what they replaced G, Passage A uses the toys to illustrate plastie's popu- larity, while Passage B uses the toys (o illustrate the lack of practical plastic goods H Both passages use the toys to show the variety of plastic items produced during the postwar era. J. Both passages use the toys as an example of early ‘problems with plastic’: quality. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.3 ae 3 Passage Ill HUMANITIES: This passage Ie adapted from the article “The NUyth of Gabriel Garcia Marquez: How the Colombian Weter Really Changes Literature” by Michael Wood (62009 by Wash ington Post Newsweek Interactive Co. LLC), Many years later, and many times over, the writer Gabriel Garcfa Marquez was (0 remember the day he discovered how to set about writing his great novel. He ‘was driving from Mexico City to Acapulco when the illumination hit him, He tured the car around, went hhome, and locked himself away for 18 months. ‘When he reappeared, he had the manuscript of One Hundred Years of Solitude in his hands. ‘When Gerald Martin, around the middie of his rich and resourceful biography of Garcia Marquez, starts t0 tell this story, the reader may be a litle surprised, even disappointed. “He had not been driving long that day when... . Garcia Marquez, as if in a trance, tuned the Opel around, and drove back in the direction of Mexico City. And then . .” Up to this point, Martin has not been challenging what he calls his subject’s “mythoma- nia”—how could he, since it’s the basis of the writer's art and fame—but he has not been retelling the myths, either, He has been grounding them, laying out the pieces of what became the puzzles, And that’s what he’s doing here, too. After “and then,” Martin writes in mock apology, “tt seems a pity to intervene in the story at this point but the biographer feels constrained to point out that there have been many versions ofthis story... and that the one just related cannot be true.” The truth was no doubt less “miraculous,” to use Martin’s word. The writer probably continued to Acapulco, He didn’t live in total seclusion for 18 months. And Garcia Marquez wasn't starting a new book; he was reviving an old one. 2 ‘What Garcfa Marquez found was a way of telling it, He would combine, as he frequently said, the narra tive tone of his grandmother with that of the author Franz Kafka. She told fantastic stories as if they were true, because for her, they were true, Kafka told them that! way because he was Kafka. After his moment of illumination Garefa Mérquer came more and more to Took for (and often to find) the truth in the fantasti, to pursue whatever truth was lurking in the nonliteral reading of literally presented events 96 40 Just because the miracle didn’t happen a the story say i Sova here wat» ale. ne landred Years of Solitude changed Garcia Marquez’: life enirely, and it change literature. When be got into the car to set out for Acapulco, he was a gifted and hardworking writer, conainly. When he got out of the car eta on in ay 40 the Nobel size, which he “6 Garcia Mérquez. made many jokes about his fame over the years. These jokes are witty and complicated acts of gratitude for a destiny the writer was sure could sora 34 have been quite different. One of his finest sentences, written in an article in 1983, concerns a dream of the life he might have led if he had stayed in his isolated 65 birthplace of Aracataca, Colombia, “TI would not per- haps be the same person T am now but maybe T would have been something better: just a character in one of the novels I would never have written.” ‘The,term “mythomania” certainly covers Garcia ‘60 Mérqued's stories about his life and plenty of his jour- nalism, But his fiction is different. It takes pieces of already thoroughly mythified reality—there is scarcely aan extravagant incident in his novels and stories that doesn't have some sort of basis in specific, local fact or 5 legené—and finds the perfect, unforgettable literary hhome for them, But Garefa Marquez neither copies nor further mythifies these facts and legends. He honors them, to borrow a well-placed word from Martin: [Olver the dark story of conquest and violence, tragedy and failure, he laid the other side of the continent, the carnival spirit, the music and the art of the Latin American people, the ability to honor life even in its darkest corners. 7 "To honor life, I take Martin as saying, is to cele 75 brate dignity, courage, and style wherever they are found and in whatever forms they take. Its not to deny ‘darkness or even to believe it has its compensations. Martin's biography is itself rather a dark affair— appropriately, since he is telling the life of a man whos {80 autobiography is an elaborate historical myth, In Garcia ‘Marque?'s own accounts, his life is both hard and magi- cal. But it’s never sad, and Martin evokes the sorrow that must lurk in such 's life, These is perhaps a slight imbalance in Martin’s insistence on the writer's sad- {85 ness, an excess of melancholy; but it’s a good correc: tive to Garcia Marquez’s own joking cheerfulness and elaborate ironies, and we can return to the master if we et too depressed, 21, The primary function of the first paragraph is to ‘A. correct misconceptions about how long it took Garefa Marquez to write One Hundred Years of Solitude B. describe Garefa Marquez’s approach to writing novels, relate @ story about Gare discusses in his biography. provide background information about Garcia Mirquez’s childhood, Marquez that Matti GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.3 ees 3 22, Based on the passage, which of the following best describes the passage author's opinion of Garcia Mirquez's writing? F. He considers Garefa Marquez to be a gifted writer. G. He prefers Garcia Marquez’s journalism to Garcfa Marquer’s novels. H. He thinks Garefa Mérque7's novels borrow too heavily from local facts and legend. J. He believes that Garcfa Marquez's writing con: tains excessive melancholy. 23, The “illumination” mentioned in lines $ and 37 most nearly refers to ‘A. the realization Garefa Marquez had concerning the approach he should take in writing One Hundred Years of Solitude. B. Martin's discovery that Garcfa Marquez modeled his writing after Franz Kafka’s. C. the passage author's discovery that Garefa Marquez based his stories on local facts and legends. D. the awareness by Garcia Mérquez of how miracu- Tous it was that he completed One Hundred Years of Solitude, 24, The passage most strongly suggests that 9 reader might “NeW lnts suprised even dssppoined” ines 11-12) tile reading Marans book because Martin is critical of Garta Mérquer’s preference for writ 6G. fosune on analyzing the novels of Gaeta Mézguce father than discusitg his development as a wile, 1, tnterrops familiar story about Gazela Maeguee to Claim that i's ot te J. fais to adequately explain why Garcia Mérquez drove back to Mexico City 25, As it is used in line 24, the word constrained most realy means’ A. restrained. B. compelled. C. coerced. D. limited. 26. 2, 28. 29, 30. According to Garcia Marquez, his grandmother told fantastic siories as if they were true because she: F. was imitating Kafka. G. believed they were true. HL hoped to become a successful author. J. had leamed the techaique from Garcia Marquez. ‘The passage indicates that the comments Garcia Mirquez makes about his fame demonstrate his: A. hope that his best work has yet to be written, Bl concern that his accomplishments are distorted by others, . gratitude that his life has unfolded the way it has, D. belief that he deserves more credit for his wit and the complexity of his writing, According to Garcia Marquez, he might have become “something better” (line 57) if he had: F, written One Hundred Years of Solitude sooner. G. completed his joumey to Acepalco. 1H. taken his fame less seriously. J. stayed in Aracataca, Colombia ‘The passage author indicates that Martin’s biography helps balance Gareta Marquez's: ‘A. denial that fiction writing is worthy of merit BB. joking cheerfulness and elaborate ironies C. belie! that darkness has its compensations. 1D. refusal to write about life's tragedies. As it is used in line 87, the word master refers to: the passage author. Martin Katka, Gareia Mérquer. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.3 eee ees 3 Passage IV NATURAL SCIENCE: This passage is adapted from the essay “Our Place in the Universe" by Alan Lightman (62012 by Harper's Magazine Foundation). ‘One measure of the progress of human civilization is the increasing scale of our maps. A clay tablet dating from about the twenty-fifth century B.C. found near what is now the Iragi city of Kirkuk depicts a river 65 valley with a plot of land laboled as being 354 ku (about thirty acres) in size. Inthe earliest recorded cos- mologies, such as the Babylonian Enuma Elisk, from around 1500 8.C., the oceans. the continents, and the heavens were considered finite, but there were no scien. 10 tific estimates of their dimensions. The early Greeks, including Homer, viewed Earth as a circular plane with the ocean enveloping it and Greece at the center, but there was no understanding of scale, In the early sixth century B.C., the Greek philosopher Anaximander, 15 whom historians consider the first mapmaker, and his student Anaximenes proposed that the stars were tached to lant crystalline sphere. But again there was no estimate of its size ‘The first large object ever accurately measured 20 was Earth, accomplished in the third cenlury B.C. by Eratosthenes, « geoseapher who ran the Library of Alexandria, From travelers Eratosthenes had heard the intriguing report that at noon onthe summer solstice, in the town of Syene, due south of Alexandria, the sun 25 casts no shadow atthe bottom of a deep wel, Evidently the sun is directly overhead at that time and place (Before the invention of the clock, noon could be defined at each place asthe moment when the sun was bighest inthe shy, whether tht was exactly vertical or not) Eratosthencs knew that the sum was not overhead toon in Alexandria, In fac, i was tipped 7.9 degrees irom the vertical, of about one fiftieth of a citele—a fact he could detcrmine by measuring the length of the shadow cast by a stick planted inthe ground. That the 35 sun could be directly overhead in one place and not Another was due tothe curvature of Earth. Eratosthenes Teasoned that if he knew the distance from Alexandia {o Syene the full circumference of the planet must be about fit times that distance. Traders passing through 40 Alexandr told him that camels could inake the tap Syene in about fifty days, and it was known that & came cold cover One ured sada (almost eleven and’ half miles) in «day. So the ancient geographer fstimated that Syene and. Alexandria were about 45 570'mules apart. Consequently the complete eircumter- gnce of Far he figured to be about 30 370 miley, or 28,300 miles. This numer was within 13 percent ofthe ‘modern measuremen|, amazingly accurate considering the imprecision of using camels as odometers, . F 50 __As ingenious as they were, the ancient Greeks were not able to calculate the size of our solar system. That discovery had to wait for the iavention of the tele- scope, nearly two thousand years later. In 1672, the French astronomer Jean Richer determined the distance 8 from Earth to Mars by measuring how much the posi- tion of the later shifted against the background of stars 0 65 70 7 85 aL. 32, from two different observation points on Earth. The two points Were Paris and Cayenne, French Guiana. Using the distance to Mars, astronomers were also able to compute the distance from Earth to the sun, approxi- mately 100 million miles. A few years later, Isaac Newton managed to esti rate the distance to the nearest stars. (Only someone as accomplished as Newton could have been the first to perform such a calculation and have it go almost unno- ticed among his other achievements.) If one assumes that the siats are similar objects to our sun, equal in intrinsic luminosity, Newton asked, how far away ‘would our sun have to be in order to appear as faint as nearby stars? Writing his computations in a spidery script, with a quill dipped in the ink of oak galls, Newton correctly concluded that the nearest stars are bout 100,000 times the distance from Earth to the sun, about 10 trillion miles away. Newton's calculation is contained in a short section of his Principia titled simply “On the distance of the stars.” Newton's estimate of the distance to nearby stars was larger than any distance imagined before in human history. Even today, nothing in our experience allows us to relate to it. The fastest most of us have traveled is about 500 miles per hour, the cruising speed of a jet. If We set out for the nearest star beyond our solar system at that speed, it would take us about 5 million years to reach our destination. It we traveled in the fastest rocket ship ever manufactured on Earth, the trip would Tast 100,000 years, atleast a thousand human life spans. The overall organization of the passage is best deseribed as a pags A. chronological account of scientists’ attempts to determine the distance ofthe stars from Earth B. series of historical examples explaining. how increasingly large distances were measured . step-by-step explanation of the calculations used {o measure Barth's eixcumference, D. collection of ancedotes describing how maps of the universe have changed over time. The main function ofthe first paragraph is to F. ist the distances and measurements that were known when Eratosthenes made his calculations. explain what led early geographers to conclude that Barth was curved. H demonstrate how humans” sense of their surround- ings has expanded over time. J. summarize contributions the ancient Greeks made to astronomy. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.3 ere ees 3 3B. 35. 36. Based on the passage, one similarity among the ancient ‘models of the universe described in lines 6-18 is that A. they were based on the assumption that the uni- verse was infinite B. they provided no scientific estimates of the size or scale of the objects they identified, C. their depictions of geographical features were sur- prisingly accurate according to modern maps. the people who developed them positioned their homelands as the center ofthe universe, D. J. The main idea of the last paragraph is that: nothing in our experience allows vs 10 relate tothe distance from Earth to the nearest stars. recent advancements in space travel make the dis- {ance from Earth othe nearest stars seem sia the time it would take fo travel the distance from Eat the nearest srs os been calculated ely Je the nearest stars are more distant from Newton predicted arth than According to the passage, the early Greeks imagined Earth as a A B. c. D. circular plane with the ocean enveloping it and Greece at the center. i giant crystalline sphere to which the stars were attached planet tilted 7.2 degrees from the vertical plot of land 384 iku in size Based on the passage, to calculate the distance between Syene and Alexandria, Eratosthenes required information about the: F. curvature of Earth and the angle of the sun in each, G. number of miles in one hundred stadia and the complete circumference of Earth H, height of the sun at noon in cach city and the Tength of shadows cast on the ground. J. time i took camels to travel between the cities and the distance camels could cover in one day 37. The passage indicates that astronomers could not eal- 38, 39, 40, culute the distance from Earth to other points in the solar system until: they had identified proper observation points they applied ancient Greek calculations the telescope was invented. Earth and Mars aligned. ‘The passage suggests that compared to his other work, Newton's calculation of the distance to the nearest stars was F. more important. G. more speculative, HE less complete Je less acknowledged. It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that the author ineludes the description of Newton's handwrit- ing and writing tools (Lines 70-74) primarily to: ‘A. highlight how advanced Newton's ealculation was by contrasting it with Newton's old-fashioned writing method. suggest one reason Newton's calculation took so long to decipher. describe the artistic flourishes of the section of Principia in which Newton's calculation appears. illustrate the number of mistakes Newton made before urriving at the correct calculation {As itis used in line 82, the phrase ser out most nearly F, described a vision, G, stated 2 purpose. HE. started a journey. J. created an arrangement END OF TEST 3 STOP! DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO. 37 DO NOT RETURN TO A PREVIOUS TEST.Aooooo0oco of SCIENCE TEST 35 Minutes—40 Questions DIRECTIONS: There are several passages in this test. Each passage Is followed by several questions. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer document. You may refer to the passages as often as necessary. You ate NOT permitted to use a calculator on this test. Passage! If gum is added to water (such as the water in a food product), the viscosity (resistance to flow) of the resulting Aqueous’ mixture ‘changes. Table 1 shows, for cach of 4 bums (Gums W, X, Y. and Z), the viscosity, in centipoise (eP), of a 1.0% by mass aqueous mixture of the gum at 5 temperatures and at 3 resting times, A resting time is a Figure I shows, for a certain temperature and a certain, resting time, how the viscosity of aqueous mixtures of each ff the 4 gums varies with gum concentration in percent by period of time an aqueous mintre ofa gum ss est 100,000 titer having been prepared aaah __ 30.000 | © 10,000: 7 | ‘ 5,000- aqueous post maxaue ata | zB Soo _ Testing tine of 3 eaapecatre Gum ec) 30min | 75 min | 120 min} = 1,000 4 500- 25 | 4426 | 9300 | 11288 3 w] 4 — | 3350 | oss | ‘582 | @& | 2549 | Siw | Sis 100 25 4,058 534 a 0 20 30 Ix] 3 qasn | so gm cotcentaton 3 2500 | ser fpetcen by mas) j 35 904 | 2771 Figure 1 Y 45, 1,639 | 2.279 : 6 #02 | tors 25 179 | 2668 allen 150 | 3583 Table and Sgue adapted fram 8.0. Philips and P. A. Wane, 3 oe | ae te" Handboos of fiysecoflss, 2 6. E2000 by GAC Press - Srdincechees Pentre te crane GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Accocoo00o0o0 0g 1, Based on Table 1, which of the following graphs best compares the viscosities of 1.0% aqueous mixtures of Gums W, X, Y, and Z at 45°C and a resting time of 7Smia? Ag Gr 3 3 wxY WXYZ sum mixture sum mixture = Dg g 3 3 z WXYZ WXYZ gum mixture ‘gum mixture 2, Based on Table |, if a just-prepared 1.0% aqueous mixture of Gum Y"is allowed to sit at rest for 100 min at 65°C, its viscosity will most likely be: F._less than 500 cP. G. between 500 cP and 800 cP. HL, between 800 cP and 1,100 cP. Je greater than 1,100 cP. 3. Consider the viscosities shown in Figure | for « gum concentration of 2.0%. What is the order of the gums corresponding to those viscosities, from lowest viscos- ity to highest viscosity? A. Gum W, Gum ¥, Gum X, Gum Z, B. Gum W, Gum Z; Gam X; Gum Y Gum Z, Gum X.’Gum W. Gum Y DL Gum Z; Gum ¥; Gum W; Gum X |. Under the conditions that are the basis for Figure 1, a 1.3% aqueous mixture of which gum has the highest viscosity? E GumW G. Gum X #H. Gum Y J. Gumz . Based on Table 1, a 1.0% aqueous mixture of Gum Z at 30°C and a resting time of 75 min would most likely ihave a viscosity closest to which of the following? AL 1,250eP. B. 1.750 eP. C. 2050 eP Do 2)350 cP j- Under the conditions that are the basis for Figure 1, an aqueous mixture of which gum has a viscosity of 100,000 eP at a lower concentration than any of the other 3 gums? FE GumW G. GumX A. Gum Y J. Gum Z GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.4Aoco0o0o0a00o ooo 0g Passage Il Biodiesel (BD) is a renewable alternative to tradi- tional petroleum diesel (PD). BD is typically prepared by reacting soybean oil with methanol in the presence of a cat- alyst, forming compounds called fatty acid methyl esters (FAMES). In-contrast, PD contains no FAMEs. The pres- ence of FAMEs in BD causes BD to absorb infrared light differently than does PD. This difference allows pure BD. pure PD, and miatures of BD and PD to be distinguished by analyzing the absorbance of infrared light Students performed 3 studies in which they deter- ‘mined the infrared absorbance characteristics of pure BD, pure PD, and mixtures of BD and PD. Siudy 1 ‘The students measured the absorbance, A, ofa sample ogre Banda tc of pre Pawan 600 cm™ through 1,800 cm’. The wavenumber corre- sponding to given wavelength is defined as gle, Where the wavelength is given in cm andthe resulting aveuumbr is gen in oes They ploted the resalls foe Tech ample Ged Tague Key — sp PD 600 800 1,000 wavenumber (em!) 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 Figure 1 Study 2 The students prepared 7 different mixtures of BD and PD, each containing & different percent by volume of BD. ‘Then, they measured A at 1,746 em” for a sample of each of the 7 mixtures, a sample of pure BD, and a sample of pure PD (see Figure 2). 10: os: 06: 746 em" 0. Aa 00. 0 6) OOCOSCd percent BD by volume Figure 2 Figures 1 and 2 adapted trom A. P. Ault and R. Pomery, “Quantia- lve Investigations of Biodasel Fuel Using Infrared Spectroscopy: {An Instrumental Analysis Experiment for Undergraduate Chemistry ‘Stugonts" ©2011 by Division of Chenvcal Eoueation, In. tan Chemical Society. Study 3 ‘The students obtained 4 different samples of commer cial fuel blends of BD and PD (Samples W~Z). They met- sured A at 1,746 cm for each sample, and then, used Figure 2 to calculate the percent BD by volume of each sample (see Table 1), Table 1 ‘Sample | Percent BD by volume Table 1 adapted from Z. V. Feng and J.T. Buchman, "instrumental Analysis of Blodiogel Content in Commercial Diesel Blends: Ar Experiment for Undergraduate Analytical Chemisty” @20%2 bY Division of Chemical Education, Inc. American Chemical Socal, GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.4foo0o00000 . Ifthe students had tested a 60% BD by volume sample in Study 2, A at 1,746 cm* would most likely have been: A. less than 0.45. B. between 0.45 and 0.55. C. between 0.55 and 0.65. D. greater than 0.65. 8, In Study 2, among the samples tested, as.the percent by volume of BD increased, A at 1,746 em increased only, G, decreased only HE. increased and then decreased. J. decreased and then increased. 9, Based on the results of Study 2, which fuel sample in ‘Study 3 most likely had the smailest A at 1,746 em" ? ‘A. Sample W B. Sample X C. Sample ¥ D. Sample Z 10. The production of BD as desried in the passage is test Represented by which ofthe following chemical eauations? E_FAMES + catalyst > soybean oil + methanol G, FAMES © methanol — soybean oil + catalyst HH. Soybean oil+ methanol 22° FAME J. Soybean oil + FAMEs 25 methanol 1. 2 3B. Oo omer: | Suppose that in Study 1 the students had measured the absorbance at wavenumbers from 600 em through Only 1,600 em (instead of through 1,800 em"). Based fon Figure 1, would the students more likely have mea stred the absorbance in Study 2 at a wavenumber of 1,172 en" or ata wavenumber of 1.464 em”! A. A wavenumber of 1,172 em”, because PD, but not BD, absorbs strongly at this wavenumber. B. A wavenumber of 1,172 em, because BD, but not BD, absorbs strongly at this wavenumber. C. A Savenumber of 1,464 em”, because PD, but not [BD, absorbs strongly at this wavenumber. D. A. viavenumber of 1,464 cm", because BD, but not PD, absorbs strongly at this wavenumber. Consider a sample that contains only FAMEs. Based on the results of Study 1, would the sample more strongly absorb Tight at a wavenumber of 900 em* or Tight at a wavenumber of 1,250.em'? F. A wavenumber of 900 em”; PD contains FAMES, and PD absorbed more strongly at 900 cm" than it id at 1,250 em’. G. A wavenumber of 900 em”; BD contains FAMEs, and BD absorbed more strongly at 900 cm” than it id at 1,250 cm H, A wavenumber of 1,250 em; PD contains FAMES, land PD absorbed more strongly at 1,250 em than itdid at 900 em" J. A wavenumber of 1,250 en; BD contains FAMEs, fand BD absorbed more strongly at 1,250 em” than Idi at 900 em" Consider the percent BD by volume listed in Table t for Sample Y. A [0 liter (L) volume of Semple ¥ ‘would contain approximately what volume of BD, in Titers and in milliliters (mL) ? Lat A 03 500 B83 5000 G3) 880 Bis sooo GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Acoo00o00o0o0o of Passage Ill Earth's gravitational field extends both above and below Barth’s surface. In Figure 1, both the value of t field, ge, and the average density, p, of matter within Earth are graphed versus distance, r, from Eurth’s center. In addi- tion, Figure | identifies 5 regions, exch of which is located either above or below Earth's surface ae inner auter lower mate! atmospherespace if + 14 e 2 10 0 es a2 36 Ce ‘ 4 2 ie 2 of ees a | ito Pah FFF MF FMF MK ek) ‘estos, a uni force Figure 1 Figure 2 shows the percent of Earth's mass located within a given distance r from Earth's center. For example, 10% of Earth's mass is Jocated within 2,300 km of Earth's center, 20% of Earth’s mass is located within 2,900 km of Earth's center, and so on. Figure 2 Foures adapted trom A. M. Dziowonskl and D.L. Anderson, “Pre= ‘iminary Reference Earth Model” ©1981 by Elsevier 3V. sevao 42 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Aooooo0o0o0o og 14, According to Figure 1, which 2 regions are most simi Jar in thickness? The inner core and the outer core G. The inner core and the upper mantleferust HL The outer core and the lower mantle J.) The outer core and the upper mantle/erust 1S. According to Figure 2, the innermost 30% of Earth's, ‘mass is located between r= 0 km and: AL r=3,400km, B. r=3,900km, C. r= 41500 km, D. r= 5,300 km, 16. Figures 1 and 2 indicate that Earth's radius is approximately 1,400 km. G. 3500 km, HE. 5700 km, J 6,400 km. 17, Based on Figure 1, the approximate value of Earth's gravitational field at r= 14,000 km is most likely A. less than 0.5 Nike B. between 0.5 N/kg and 1.5 Nikg, CC. between 1.5 Nikg and 2.5 Nikg, D. greater than 2.5 Nikg. 18, 19. ‘On average, Earth's crust is about 30 km thick: Based ‘on Figure 2, the crust accounts for approximately what percent of Earth's mass? ER 1% G. 10% H. 90% J 99% Consider 2 hypothetical 1 kg rocks: one located at 2,000 km and the other located at r= 4,000 km. Based on Figure 1, which of these 2 rocks, if either, more likely Weighs less? A. The rock located at r= 2,000 km: the value of go is Jess at that location so the rock there has a smaller ‘gravitational force exerted on i B. The rock located at r = 4,000 km; the value of p Jess at that location so the rock there has a smaller [Neither rock; the rocks have identical masses so they have the same weight D. Neither rock; the value of gy is the same for both rocks so they have the same weight 2 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Aoooo0o0oo0o 0g Passage IV Biological aging is the process by which the functions within an animal cell gradually decline, causing the cell (0 age. Four students each proposed an explanation for how this process occurs. Student 1 Biological aging is caused solely by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by cellular respiration, ROS are molecules that damage the proteins and lipids in cell, A cell produces antioxidants, which eliminate ROS before they cause cell damage. However, the amount of antioxidanis produced by a cell is always less than what is heeded to eliminate all the ROS produced by that cell Therefore, ROS damage accumulates in a cell, causing it to age. Student 2 Biological aging is caused solely by the formation of cross-links (a type of chemical bond) between the proteins in a cell, causing these proteins to form clumps. These clumps accumulate in a cell, interfering with the cell’s functions, causing it to age. Although ROS is damaging to proteins and lipids, this damage never occurs in a cell because the amount of antioxidants produced by a cell is always greater than what is needed to eliminate all the ROS produced by that cell Student 3 Biological aging is caused solely by the DNA damage that results from cell exposure to certain environmental agents. The extent of DNA damage caused by these agents eventually exceeds the cell’s ability to repair this damage. ‘Therefore, DNA damage accumulates in a cell, causing it to age. Although cells do produce ROS, ROS damage never accumulates in a cell. While cross-linked proteins do form clumps ina cell, these clumps never affect cell function. Student 4 Biological aging is caused solely by the lipofuscin (a brown pigment made of oxidized lipids) produced by cellu- lar respiration. Lipofuscin forms clumps that accumblate in cell, interfering with the cell’s functions, causing it to age. Although cells do produce ROS, ROS damage never accumulates in a cell, Because protein cross-links are short-lived, protein clumps never accumulate in a cell. The cextent of DNA damage that occurs in a cell never exceeds ‘the cell’s ability to repair that damage. 20, Which of the students, if any, claimed that biological aging is caused by a substance produced by cellular respiration? F. Student 1 only G. Students Pand 4 only 1H. Students 2 and 3 only J. None of the students 21. Suppose it were determined that the rate of biological aging in an animal cell is directly proportional to the umber of chemical bonds formed between the pro- teins in that cell. This finding would be most consis- tent with the explanation given by’ ‘A. Student 1 B. Student 2 C. Student 3. D, Student 4 22, Based on Student 2's explanation, the substances present in cells that are most directly involved with bio- Togical aging are composed of what type of subunits? F Amino acids G. Fatty acids H. Monosaccharides J. Nucleotides 23. Carnosine is a substance that prevents protein cross- linking in animal cells, Which student would be most likely’ to predict that the average concentration of carnosine in the cells of young adults would be greater than the average concentration of carnosine in the cells of elderly adulis? A. Student 1 BL Student 2 C. Student 3 D. Student 4 24, Which of the students claimed that biological aging occurs because a substance accumulates into clumps that interfere with cellular function? F, Students 1 and 2 only G. Students 2 and 4 only H. Students 1, 3, and 4 only Je Suudents 1,2, 3, and 4 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.4ooo0oo0oo0oo0o0eo 25, Student 1’s explanation would be most strongly sup. ported if which of the following observations were made? A. Increasing the number of protein cross-links in animal cells increases the rate at which those cells age. B. Decreasing the number of protein cross-links in animal cells increases the rate at which those cells age. Increasing the antioxidant concentration in animal cells increases the rate at which those cells age Decreasing the antioxidant concentration in animal cells increases the rato at which those cells age, 45 (ay O4 26. Compound X is a chemical that causes genetic muta- tions in human cells, Suppose it were determined that hhuman neurons grown in the presence of Compound X age at the same rate as human neurons grown in the absence of Compound X. This finding would weaken the explanations) given by which of the students? F, Student 2 only G. Student 3 only HL. Students 1 and 3 only J.) Students 2 and 4 only GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Pass In a lake, water feaches (dissolves out) soluble ‘organic compounds from decaying tree leaves, producing dissolved organic carbon (DOC). DOC is subsequently removed from the water if it is adsorbed by (becomes adhered to the surface of) clay mineral particles that are Suspended in the water. Three studies done at a lake exam- ined DOC adsorption by 3 clay minerals—CM1, CM2, and (CM3—found in the lake’s sediment. Green leaves were collected from 5 types of trees, around the lake (maple, oak, pine, magnolia, and thodo- dendron), ASL volume of lake’ water was filtered to Femove ail solid particles. The following procedures were performed for each type of leaf: A 100 g sample of the eaves was mixed with a 1 L volume of the filtered lake water. The mixture was then placed in the dark for 10 weeks at 4°C while leaching occurred, At 10 weeks, the mixture was filtered to remove all solid particles, The resulting liquid (the leachate) was analyzed for DOC. Study 1 The following procedures were performed for each leachate: A'100 mL volume of the leachate was mixed with 10g of CMI, The mixture was stirred continuously for 2h, then filtered to remove all solid particles. The result- ing liquid (the filirate) was analyzed for DOC. The percent ‘of the leachate DOC that had been adsorbed by CMI was calculated (see Figure 1), FF gt Figure 1 4Aoooocojo o0o00g Study 2 Study | was repeated, substituting CM2 for CMI (see Figure 2). oy so4 ‘adsorbed by M2 7 percent of leachate DOC Figure 2 Study 3 Study 1 was repeated, substituting CM3 for CMI (see Figure 3). 60 > S04 404 304 percent of leachate DOC ‘adsorbed by M3 Figure 3 Figures and table adaptod from Todd Tiatjon, Anssi Vahatao, and Robert Wetzel, “Etfects of Clay Mineral Turbidly on Dissolved Organic Carbon and Bactorlal Production.” ©2008 by the Swiss Fderal institute for Environmental Science and Technology. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Acoco0o00 00 of 27. According to the results of the studies, from which of the 5 leachates was the greatest percent of DOC adsorbed by CMI, CM2, and CM3, respectively? cM cM cB ‘maple maple rhododendron oak pine magnolia pine magnolia rhododendron pine magnolia magnolia A B. c, D. 28, According to the results of Study 3, the percent of leachate DOC adsorbed by CM3, averaged across the 5 types of leaves, is closest to which of the following? R 10% G. 20% H. 30% i. 40% 29, Is the statement “CM2 adsorbed a greater percent of the DOC in the maple leachate than did CM3” sup- ported by the resulls of Studies 2 and 3.7 A. Yes; CM2 adsorbed 35% of the leachate DOC, whereas CM3 adsorbed 7%. Yes; CM2 adsorbed 55% of the leachate DOC, whereas CM3 adsorbed 17% No; CM2 adsorbed 7% of the leachate DOC, whereas CM3 adsorbed 35%. No; CM2 adsorbed 17% of the Jeachate DOC, ‘whereas CM3 adsorbed 55%. | What was the independent (manipulated) variable in each of the 3 studies and what was the independent ‘variable across the 3 studies? ineach study across the studies Ftype of lake water type of clay mineral G. type of leaf leachate type of clay mineral H. volume of leaf leachate mass of clay mineral J. volume of filtrate ‘mass of leaves 47 31. According to the results of the studies, which of the 3 clay minerals, if any, reduced the DOC in the oak leachate by more than 50% ? ‘A. CMI only B. CM2 only. C. CMI and CM3 only 1. None of the 3 clay minerals 32, Is a mixture of any one of the leachates and any one of the clay minerals properly considered a solution? B. Yes, because the clay mineral particles are dis- solved in the leachate. G. Yes, because the clay mineral particles are not dis- a solved in the leachate. No, because the clay mineral particles are dis solved in the leachate, J. No, because the clay mineral particles are not dis- solved in the leachate, 133, In lake water, DOC is broken down into simpler com- pounds by electromagnetic energy in the visible wave Tength range. What action was taken in the studies to prevent this process from occurring? A. Each mixture of leaves and filtered lake water was laced in the dark ich mixture of filtrate and clay mineral was placed in the dark. Each mixture of leaves and lake water was filtered Each mixture of leachate and clay mineral was filtered. B. c D. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Aoo0co000o0o0 Of Passage VI Plant roots can respond to a stimulus. Response t0 light is phototropism; response to gr -gravitropism. Growth toward a stimulus is a positive tropism; growth away from a stimulus is a negative tropism, For 2experiments with wild-type (WT) and ‘mutant (M) Arabidopsis seeds, nutrient agar was put into cach of 8 petri dishes (PD1-PDS8). Experiment | Six WT Arabidopsis sceds were placed in each of PDL and PD2. Six M Arabidopsis seeds were placed in each of PDS and PDA. Then, PDI and PDS were placed inthe dark for 70 hr, and PD2'and PD4 were exposed to light from above for’ 70 hr. Figure 1 shows the growth of the hypocotyls (seedling stems) above the surface of the nutri- ent agar and the growth of the radicles (seedling roots) below the surface of the autient agar in each dish at 70h. nutrient “yey pea PDI PD2 D3: PDs Figure 1 Experiment 2 Six WT Arabidopsis seeds were placed in and PD6,Six M Arabidopsis seede were placed PDT and PDB. Then, PD#-PDS were exposed to light from above for 70 he. Alter 70 hr, each petri dish was timed 90° Such that each dish was vercal and the seedings in cach dish were approximately horizontal (ce Figure 2) uttient agar Figure 2 ‘Then, PDS and PDT wore exposed to light from above for 25 hr while PD6 and PDB were exposed co light from below for 25 hr. At various times during the 25 hr, the downward curvature, in degrees (°), of the radicle (relative to its starting position) of each seedling in cach dish was ‘measured, The average downward curvature of the radicles in each dish at each measurement time is shown in Figure 3 : - le He bat He vl | EE LEE ‘time (hr) Figures adapted from Stanislav Vitha, Liming Zhao, ana Fred David Saok, “Interaction of Root Gravitropism and Phototropism in ‘Arabidopsis Wild-Type and Starchless Mutants." 62000 by Ameri ‘can Society of Plant Physiologist. 34, Which of the following figures best shows the orienta- tion of PDS before the peiti dish was turned 90° ? | ieee t GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.4Accoo0o0000 og 35. PDS contained the same type of seeds, and was subject to the same growth conditions before being turned 90°, as which petri dish in Experiment 1? A. PDI BL pp? C. PDs D. PDs 36. Based on the results of Experiment 1, in the absence of light, did the radicles of the M Arabidopsis seedlings have the same response to gravity as did the radicles of the WT seedlings? No; the variation in the orientation of the radicles in PD3 was greater than that of the radicles in PDL. No; the variation in the orientation of the radicles in PD4 was greater than that of the radicles in Pb2. 1H, Yes: the variation in the orientation of the radicles in PD3 was the same as that of the radicles in PDI. J. Yes; the variation in the orientation of the radicles in PD4 was the same as that of the radicles in PD2 G. 37. During the 25 hr in Experiment 2 that WT Arabidopsis seedlings were exposed to Jight from below, did the hypocotyls of the seedlings more likely exhibit posi- tive pholotropism or negative phototropism? A. Positive, because seedling hypocotyls typically ‘grow away from a light stimulus, Positive, because seedling hypocotyls typically ‘grow toward a light stimulus. Negative, because seedling hypocotyls typically ‘grow away from a light stimulus. Negative, because seedling hypocotyls typically ‘grow toward a light stimulus, B. c Dd. 38, Based on the results shown in Figure 1 for PD2, is Arabidopsis a monocot ot a dicot? BR seedlings have 1 cotyledon. GA seedlings have 2 cotyledons. HL. Dicot: seedlings have 1 cotyledon. 4." Dicot: seedlings have 2 cotyledons, . In Experiment 2, each petri dish had how many differ- ent orientations? mi B c, D. |. To evaluate the effect of light on the growth of WT Arabidopsis seedlings, the results for which 2 petri dishes in Experiment | should be compared? PDI and PD? G. PDI and PD3 1H. PD? and PD3 J. PD2 and PD4 END OF TEST 4 STOP! DO NOT RETURN TO ANY OTHER TEST. 49