1. What causes objects to move?

a. distance b. force c. position d. reference point

2. Which pole of a magnet pulls the north pole of another magnet to it?
a. east b. north c. south d. west

3. Which of the following objects will need a greater force to move?

a. log b. schoolboy c. small plastic chain d. thick science book

4. What is the kind of force that acts when objects touch each other?
a. friction b. gravity c. push and pull d. unbalanced force

5. What is needed to speed up motion?

a. when oil is applied between two surfaces
b. when water is applied between two surfaces
c. when oil is not applied between two surfaces
d. when more friction is applied between two surfaces

6. When do you say an object is stationary?

a. if it changes its position c. if it does not change its position
b. if it does not have a place to go d. if it moves from one place to another

7. How can you avoid accidents brought about by force?

a. go to malls c. stay in a safe place
b. play in the street d. run around the house

8. What is needed to stop a moving object?

a. force b. gravity c. magnet d. speed

9. Which of the following shows motion?

a. a running car c. a bag with books
b. an uprooted tree d. a book on the table

10. What is a necessary factor in determining the position of an object?

a. destination c. observation
b. location d. reference point?

11. What happens when like poles are placed near each other?
a. they attract each other c. they do not attract or repel each other
b. they repel each other d. they first attract and then repel each other

12. How can you make an object move?

a. by drawing the object c. by coloring the object
b. by pushing the object d. by covering the object

13. Complete the sentence: Force can make an object go _________ or ___________. A force can also change
the __________ of objects whether they will go forward or backward. Force can also affect how
___________ an object move.

far direction slower faster

14. What makes a sailboat move in the sea?

 a. gravity b. heat c. water d. wind

15. On which part of a magnet is the magnetic field the strongest?

a. at the iron c. at the steel
b. at the poles d. at the center

16. Which of the following objects DO NOT show motion?

a. a flying bird b. a dancing girl c. a running vehicle d. a log on the street

17. Throw a ball high, the ball falls back to the ground. What force makes the ball fall back to the ground?
a. friction b. gravity c. push and pull d. unbalanced force

18. What reduces fast motion?

a. when there is no friction between two surfaces
b. when there is less friction between two surfaces
c. when there is more friction between two surfaces
d. when there is a decrease in friction between two surfaces

19. What do you consider in determining the position of the object?

a. when it reaches its location c. how far it is from the reference point
b. when it reaches its destination d. how far you have observed the object

20. What is a good practice to stay safe from moving objects?

a. put on the seatbelt when riding a car.
b. wear protective helmet when riding a motorcycle
c. avoid staying under objects hanging from the ceiling
d. all of these

21. Which of the following has its own light?

a. flashlight b. match c. moon d. Sun

22. Which daily activity makes use of light?

a. feeling the air c. reading a book
b, hearing sounds d. tasting of food

23. Which of the following materials is opaque?

a. clear plastic b. colored plastic c. glass door d. thick cardboard

24. Which of the following will produce the loudest sound?

a. a small rod dropped on a mat c. a small rod dropped on a carpet
b. a small rod dropped into the water d. a small rod dropped on a tiled floor

25. Which of the following shows that sound travels through liquid?
a. when you can hear the sound of the clock
b. when you can hear somebody underwater
c. when you can hear your friend’s voice over the telephone
d. when you hear your brother snoring in the other room

26. Why is heat important in our daily activities?

a. it is used to boil water c. it is used to dry clothes
b. it is used to cook food d. all of these
27. How do you safely use electricity at home?
a. turn on all bright lights c. turn off the light after each use
b. leave the electric fan open d. touch the electrical outlet with wet hands

28. True or False (T or F)

Sound only travels in air. Soft sound can cause noise pollution.
You conserve energy when you control the All sounds are loud.
volume of the tv or radio.
Sound travels in all direction. Sound of music is pleasant to the ear.
The siren of an ambulance tells us there is Sound travels at different speed in different
an emergency. mediums or materials.

29. IDENTIFICATION
___________________________ it is formed when different spectral colors are mixed.
___________________________ it is an example of light spectrum.
___________________________ it is a kind of material that allows light to pass through.
___________________________ it is a kind of material that does not allow light to pass through.
___________________________ it develops when your skin gets burned.
___________________________ its is a specialized-shaped glass that breaks white light into a band of different
colors.
___________________________ it is a kind of material that allows little light to pass through.
___________________________ it is the main source of light on Earth.

30. What kind of material allows light to pass through?

a. opaque b. reflector c. translucent d. transparent

31. What kind of material absorbs most of the light?

a. mirror b. opaque c. translucent d. transparent

32. What is produced by vibration of molecules?

a. heat b. light c. sound d. volume

33. When can you see the different colors of light?

a. when the light passes through air c. when the light passes through a solid
b. when the light passes through water d. when the light passes through a prism

34. When is light reflected?

a. when it passes through a mirror c. when it scatters in different direction
b. when it strikes an opaque material d. when it passes from water to air at a slant

35. Which of the following source of light can be controlled by human?

a. firefly b. flashlight c. moon d. Sun

36. What is formed when white light is broken into a band of different colors?
a. dew b. rainbow c. ray d. shadow

37. What is an echo that you can hear when you shout in a large empty space?
a. it is a sound that is broken c. it is a sound that is absorbed
b. it is a sound that is reflected d. it is a sound that is scattered
MOTION – change in position or direction
REFERENCE POINT – used to describe the location of the object/something
POSITION and DIRECTION – used when describing object’s motion (if it is moving or stationary)
STATIONARY – does not change its position
MOVING – change in position

WHAT MAKES OBJECTS MOVE?

 Force from pushing and pulling – a kind of force that acts when objects touch each other
 Force from wind.
 Force from running water.
 Force from gravity – gravity is the force that pulls objects downward, toward the center of the Earth.
Gravity is stronger near the center of the Earth. As object moves away from the Earth, gravity decrease.
 Force from magnets (magnetism) – metal objects is attracted faster to magnets

KINDS OF MAGNETS
 Size of magnets and the distance affects the strength of attraction (magnetic field).
 Big magnets attract more objects from a distance compared to small magnets.
 North pole of a magnet is attracted to the South pole of another magnet.
 Like poles (South to South / North to North) repel each other.

Magnetic Materials – metal objects like iron, steel, and nickel

Nonmagnetic Materials – paper, wood, glass, rubber, cloth, plastic
Magnetic Field – space around a magnet where magnetism acts
Magnetism – force that pulls magnetic objects to a magnet

EFFECTS OF FORCE ON MOTION OF OBJECTS

 Force can change the speed of a moving object.
o Friction is the rubbing of the surface of one body to another.
 Rough texture increases friction.
 Oils and wheels decreases friction, making object move faster.
 Force can change the position or direction of a moving object.
 Force can change the size and shape of an object.
o TYPES OF CONTACT FORCE
 Stretching – force that increases the length of an object
 Compressing – force that decreases the length of an object
 Twisting – force that changes the orientation, direction of the object
 Force can stop a moving object.

BALANCED AND UNBALANCED FORCE

 Balanced Force – when objects are moving in opposite direction with similar force, objects do not
move
 Unbalanced Force – when objects are moving with unequal force, objects move

ENERGY – the ability to do work.

A. Light Energy is a form of radiant energy.

Radiant Energy is energy that travels in waves or particles.

USES OF LIGHT
o Helps people see, read, watch TV, and take photos. It helps you see colors.
 o It brings warmth or heat needed by the plants and animals to grow.

SOURCES OF LIGHT
o Natural light – comes from the Sun and stars, bioluminescence, glowing rock and lava from
volcanoes, lightning, sudden flow of electricity, and thundercloud
 BIOLUMINESCENCE some living organisms that naturally give off light, ex. Firefly,
some deep-sea fish, glow worms.
 MOON DOES NOT PROVIDE LIGHT. It only reflects the light of the Sun during
night-time.
o Artificial light – comes from man-made sources like lightbulb, flashlight, lamps, stove. These
materials uses fuel, batteries or electricity.
 Candles, fire, and kerosene also produce light.

EFFECT OF LIGHT ON DIFFERENT MATERIALS

o Transparent material allows light to pass through. Ex. Glass, plastic, cellophane, lenses,
windows.
o Translucent material allows part of light to pass through but break up the light rays and scatter
them. Ex. Frosted glass, wax paper, onion paper, Capiz windowpanes.
o Opaque material absorbs light and do not allow light to pass through. Ex. Wood, brick, steel,
cardboard paper

HOW LIGHT MOVES?

 Light can be reflected or absorbed as it strikes different materials.

PRISM – a specialized glass that can break white light into different bands of colors
LIGHT SPECTRUM – seven colors of light

WHY DO WE SEE COLORS?

- The color that we see is the light that is reflected by the object.
- Ex. We see green leaves because it can only reflect green light from the light spectrum and absorbs the
other colors.
-

B. Sound Energy is produced by the vibration of the objects molecules.

o Vibration - movement of molecules that creates the sound
o LOUDNESS depends on the force applied on a material
o Volume – the loudness or softness of a sound
 Loud sound happens when you put greater energy into the object.
 Soft sound happens when you put less energy into the object.
o Pitch - the lowness or highness of a sound
 Slow vibration creates low pitch.
 Faster vibration creates high pitch.
o Echo – repeated sound, happens when sound is reflected back to its source after striking a hard
object

HOW SOUND TRAVEL?

o Sound travels in waves.
o Sound travels in all directions.
o It travels in air, water, and solid materials.
o Sound travels faster in solid materials. Travels slower in liquids. And slowest through air.
C. Heat Energy – transfer of energy due to difference in temperature, it is a moving energy
TRANSFER OF ENERGY starts from object with HIGH temperature to the object with LOW
temperature.

SOURCES OF HEAT
o Sun
o Earth – geothermal energy (energy under the Earth)
o Burning of fuels

D. Electricity – one of sources of heat, works when electric current flows through a closed or complete circuit
- is the flow of tiny particles called electrons and protons
- it is a form of energy that can give things the ability to move and work

CONDUCTORS are materials that allow materials to pass through.

INSULATORS are materials that do not allow materials to pass through.
CLOSED CIRCUIT is a unbroken or connected lines that allows electricity to flow
ELECTRIC CURRENT is the rate of flow of electrons in a conductor

 The sclera, or white part of the eye, protects the

eyeball.
 The pupil, or black dot at the centre of the eye,
is an opening through which light can enter the
eye.
 The iris, or coloured part of the eye, surrounds
the pupil. It controls how much light enters the
eye by changing the size of the pupil.
 The cornea, a clear window at the front of the
eye, covers the iris and the pupil.
 A clear lens, located behind the pupil, acts like
a camera lens by focusing light onto the retina
at the back of the eye.
 The retina is a light-sensitive inner lining at the
back of the eye. Ten different layers of cells
work together in the retina to detect light and
turn it into electrical impulses.

Hearing: When sound waves enter your ear canal, your

tympanic membrane (eardrum) vibrates.
Balance: Your inner ear contains semicircular canals filled with fluid
and hair-like sensors.

Outer ear is the part of your ear that’s visible, called the auricle or
pinna, your outer ear consists of ridged cartilage and skin, and it
contains glands that secrete earwax. Its funnel-shaped canal leads to
your eardrum, or tympanic membrane.

Middle ear begins on the other side of your tympanic membrane

(eardrum). There are three tiny bones in this area — the malleus, incus
and stapes. They transfer sound vibrations from your eardrum to your
inner ear. Your middle ears also house the eustachian tubes, which help
equalize the air pressure in your ears.

Inner ear contains two main parts: the cochlea and the semicircular
canals. Your cochlea is the hearing organ. This snail-shaped structure
contains two fluid-filled chambers lined with tiny hairs. When sound enters, the fluid inside of your cochlea causes the tiny hairs to
vibrate, sending electrical impulses to your brain.

ORGAN SYSTEM
 Humans—and other complex multicellular organisms—have systems of organs that work together, carrying out processes
that keep us alive.
 The body has levels of organization that build on each other. Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs
make up organ systems.
 The function of an organ system depends on the integrated activity of its organs. For instance, digestive system organs
cooperate to process food.
 The survival of the organism depends on the integrated activity of all the organ systems, often coordinated by the endocrine
and nervous systems.

Major organ systems of the human body

Organs, tissues, and structures

Organ system Function involved

Transports oxygen, nutrients, and other

substances to the cells and transports wastes,
carbon dioxide, and other substances away from
the cells; it can also help stabilize body
Cardiovascular temperature and pH Heart, blood, and blood vessels

Lymphatic Defends against infection and disease and Lymph, lymph nodes, and lymph
transfers lymph between tissues and the blood vessels
 Organs, tissues, and structures
Organ system Function involved

stream

Processes foods and absorbs nutrients, minerals, Mouth, salivary glands, esophagus,
vitamins, and water stomach, liver, gallbladder,
exocrine pancreas, small intestine,
Digestive and large intestine

Endocrine Provides communication within the body via Pituitary, pineal, thyroid,
hormones and directs long-term change in other parathyroids, endocrine pancreas,
organ systems to maintain homeostasis adrenals, testes, and ovaries.

Provides protection from injury and fluid loss

and provides physical defense against infection
by microorganisms; involved in temperature
Integumentary control Skin, hair, and nails

Provides movement, support, and heat Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Muscular production muscles

Nervous Collects, transfers, and processes information Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and
and directs short-term change in other organ sensory organs—eyes, ears,
systems tongue, skin, and nose

Produces gametes—sex cells—and sex Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina,

hormones; ultimately produces offspring ovaries, mammary glands (female),
testes, vas deferens, seminal
Reproductive vesicles, prostate, and penis (male)

Respiratory Mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx,

Delivers air to sites where gas exchange can trachea, bronchi, lungs, and
occur diaphragm

Skeletal Supports and protects soft tissues of the body; Bones, cartilage, joints, tendons,
provides movement at joints; produces blood and ligaments
 Organs, tissues, and structures
Organ system Function involved

cells; and stores minerals

Removes excess water, salts, and waste products Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder,
Urinary from the blood and body and controls pH and urethra

Defends against microbial pathogens—disease- Leukocytes, tonsils, adenoids,

Immune causing agents—and other diseases thymus, and spleen