Digs Coley metabeliter) Texins Water—Balance———. “ ya Elechioly te Bala ~~ ~2-Caod_nydeonydation) (4 sii wit: i Cindi eoill doi) 2 wnt Siti a ast ainda) nee: and hope in Ca cosoiption ---| aan atk (i [trea 98 ote aed wer: renal pune 6 Cfeafining nat wren ee, rw’ stn —nal_dyeis— i in adi Canis Cage dy: enncontailed {_ Exeoxive Soseaing ) a nina maaan et ye al dd 7 Renal _aunckins === pies KidneYt > 2-2-5M. Gn) snss-mnanyNephains tone —Kidney,? GA milion) —enameato ann ae ) UGKTION REACTIONS ASUGATION REACTIONS _ gone “ey? ces eT ee fia ———— Frater eS Melecules — ———— > “EY cnbsinnee = - heid) (wate sewble ) ee ote ae > Polar_cempound ___--— Pood ctemered (erate Soluble) eee 7 ae, eae radletne._witrin Gedy (actdng? te — Romany Yom Pela — REE FO ee tpt stale conponnds ———> le, Selable Cpr _ ~— Ge) major detorfs Ley ovgan-2— {eiwer)]_._ ____—— ——— eeG9) .-y 1-AA makes 9(ten-fifteon Loops) VEEGO% of Glomesli ave Gatiedl. OF 1019 are JwramadLleHy Clomoruli ——teReltionsnip efi Cardia outpnt and penal ook Flan. lin 286 ond Rend Plasma Fo fh RPE & UFR bjs. Cp 9 Te > unico ow Te > unre al Hovis oo x oS — nie Lp p. a = ——aror) segmentel hha (ate sq ee - _ yp Re seat rea Frtery. (bfes- ee 6 a chenate Akeyy ( (ch Fem) - ITAL Adey /Raclial Alec A 7 —— icsonial ae <0 fe ane Tricaiaig [es | RENAL ment Vin te, a “ee Nef vein erie ae tea | seals v medal “Aceund PCT m s io = i F jails > Saag alma ms muscle, bhi (Facto dalle ) Sn Vereen . _— a acacia . wrtamediNany C3-(ling 5 deo ober Vio-I ae °s,_40__Renal_system____—___—— CEUs (4o0.ab) $$ ara (600m) —f -@ption (625.2, fouin_ — a ts (ere) 2 Eiko es) abave 2500mb [2 Bsoomle- sae Sa [oer EES = a SS Sen Steote mas istry is B mild when _sednay has — napased facie Cee - of ting ules than _Scomb [aay mF Penrod failure J decombatiin St “morabolic vse _prodik (asea,comticine) pA 70S man, produces SO emmet of Metallic asic, ——————— ok can _Conc- ese gt Mie in fb So FL Goommel vino needs St of .-—_— Lani (tenia cB apes ot B Fale) eaxence Aid j Eardiag a Small_ameunt 7 ——Lrsa_ sad sf 5 (te y anttadaaty ray —tiottwieash-__———— = "nee a(XD) Giomerulus ee { _fresteratict t aapillasics. channele _trlbede, in fl Mata’, taille — _ -——-B__cup_ Shape shuchwe_ ot Ae layer ae 1s -—-ffpitrelhale_celle_ puting, oa! vel . pnt Sinaia, —-— ~o Reseptien_of shone. ‘Bitate. posite batties —/ Glomewlor Dttrate Barrier: C are) a, A 4 3 lager struchuse te ~ ———- Glomanulas Athate_ Passing..intey.. _—-—--—— ina. space. pole_of Bowman's Saran __.__#@ -6-Layess of OFS > — ethene ma 0 —__-— @_Basment membrane (cr-\ayer) xo: | Finetion membtone are Bere a Yepes Protein, B Pihate is 2bls d-Pateniale (aA BEA) 7 “ye “FS mina Yara Be —S Cr “ Sasanent cP i = ra_Exteang ee - _ een Sa) en ae Sp mn ———— — ei inser poose- “Gioxtodtet) ol of Collagen TE —osesish— of ciple. Win BA pelide chain __L Aaloadiee ate procluced) aginst Glabulos. non- collageno> past gg. Basement snembyane. thal : ! a z : Causing. Hematuna 2 _— __af se “called Ani BM ___ GBM. ABM. _o/ Goon — Posty Ue donc and Antic ABM anaes Hest — aay ond. lung 3 patnt —clilclly-Pasents — _ ath Both Hematusta 3 Hemaptesi§ ee alScollagen tyrot and its desivatives: | o Type - L-~pB one © Type TIE -p many areas ‘ G ° re- D> cartordllagye oType- WeBamnat marin he. Aloo Mutation af. of Helix Clyain > Norma tnasemont can’ Nina Gini cut tgs sh ttt ma 7_ — peripheral eprlnchia donot have. aie j of Filtsation Soggy : . amede_ot Nephsin {potein) Very.Ahin 5 ie poe tee ee Paso logg ! ofattuodion bevtrier i 0 ———p_Fillhation. Sasinite. Side Sire > tage Ca) (Large cationic > sinall_ anionic’) Gtiie > Newhall S ive. —__o-Ne_ Bleed cells_and_ Ny een los _—__*. iz A AA. , luca tally acids ete are _eaclhy . fled @-Plasma...protcins at body. PM aye Sively ch of - ____o_Ermmenegpietiatintocks - tlm, tsi wlins boing vl sia oat =i tran Gages i $ Some abnosmadshy 1K Vscora —__—+litle_ ange a ; . ape ant-Ma 7 ventealrer Ri te, Cheri on ike (eran Dore o— Biwnwlee Pibelten Entiie.i colle. (Active players > auncktral. cally) __| ed eek ——————_ fractile cons (Smootn. : a - aor_-Angietensin.T_C4 GER) : 7 ‘fin ap binlagical police. _pooducl®. enhancing _InHawmmelicn — ‘pmovalar_Alnelicn (cp). ) Tabular Reabsorgtion (TR) ihe were Col ~ @ vnnawy_Excrebie_( UE) sid V GEROA NER 4Pe Hydrostatic Prexuve. ] = osmotic Pressure. $o_ that's ite gey ine ae 6 aero)“pilalion- _ Fraction ne : 2 tf jasma (fui). tat “ites toni fiawls Lhe 4 _Biood pl ape mtn oe ep -_ceR/epp r el —~ am ee iQ fmid.—_—ape|FP=0*2-5 20% — 0 eee Heat asma is maximum teward— “qijehidles_and_sminunat — ed — jute (FD — pels Epell side _ is_-mayinam— Aik conc f______—— ee = Se aost — Re iluye ( Oraina, is i + cme a —= —_— Glomerular. capil =o a Ta a Ye —-L loin) : Pe renee —Prokn hersy _malnebstbdn a Kin leiag, Enerapathy j SSSR aig Nephnpaty ———————_ Yi eS i a ie A Namely 207, a Tet) were : CONG ee co 4 wo Cenditicn which (PE), make _Glomemlar? plans ibs —prokin_cone-_(# TE.) and (4 Gee’ cr ft(Ra) 7 esi —_f Affernit__\ Etount 2 rmtneg: - a (tt (wei } Autericke ~ ee osis fe Resistin ——— ae a on —————— fe ae Peat Ap — — eae 7 0 {Conshiction) Pact GER |e Rat, Bleed flows | w»Zeventaseil ee Re GER | Bet, _BEw, f Poe | oiling) | rere eto > Pre) | yh, Blood fort | eee jhe TGR 1 a nc __ Zed, Bee, | GR usafil TR, ER Caught) Cepy = Sven FAL “ - |e (Bilatehen) E Sethetinn © ae bcrR NEP _| (a Atfsent. arterioles hve —mate.__Adrenergic.Yeeptas _—————_Fyferentt__octtenivles.._So__in._sympathecie__sthi (AK) ___censtrics__mare_than (EK), co AA ave more ~~ Sentive._tn_Epinephsin_(Ep)_&_Novephingphtin_(NEP)- _——“_Endotnelins have alto stecepoes on (AK) _-— 2 Mast_powerrfat_(AK)___clenshiiclor er > (ep + (Re) + Endettelin nererertiinaiccteating nd etcialie. au Petr’) + (no) {Grete tinté oFFa GFR q oFF= GFR ) of “oP Pe Veep sf Siena filesed Sern. Vascular tsteeuailiee2 npastrun — te Rewmman’s eat cals Plossl ee Ei sie qe Sate ae if G senee Genged XY) . Anions 3) -AlL melabstie_ Westy neat _ L a sieahibs fw a (ee vale freely fillened byt reabsared by PoT 5) Nine St eine) a _—_—__-9)_Man.. ——_ SGER _measurement:—_._ ee ___/ pilhatian = Eat 128 ¢¢¢@——$<—$—$ $=<$—$_$_$_ $$ _Cilker load Inelio) _-tiows mach. vid 1s Giteaed a at al sc “ote saul] 2 a. | = arr ety etapa Toa Nae apne fit — $$ rang sain] GER = Cuma Zula] x Vy Cf fi —fElaas el GbR (Wine, touline 1 Vo, Ertune Souda] Tips tnglnd. lenin = angled —___— Te ees : sue_se_anbinet (endogentos) subane _puait inland aohich 2. Healy fuuered nat \ ond only sity — secreted (overs _ estimation is—— Autaregulation_op GFR and! Blood +iow:— ————*-if_BPt, GER ix pot ft Sigprficanty.. th a3 7 le ————Autamadizall¢> ; and Yemains constant 1 — tpg in (P| ———ff (BPt), (pert, (Pt), Nery shot fine in CFR (TR g) in wines less SceR | © GFR remains Conctant bly 7O=170_mmiig, duto- ton_cecuas inthis range of (ap) REP totes +l fe = Mechanism. ae Affe) ae = \f. “Tubnky Prowsing (Easb), 6. Wy Tabata on Br ee ree \t Nace. sani lead in Penal te (oct) ES eseisitive Scant WD| eros Sse al ( 2 Feleaset Pern “et = cig 4 Renin) Mi|__s/ piel. of tnd FB | + Sa) — ee GER) —— a Gert, (GEE, wact fia load Chez 12 it ss), — AA) sccenshton, (Renin, Cassese abies eae a eS ee Vee i Jo-cls Fae mens « p, — 6M ict 2 cole, Aerba 3 Sr atossed> [0 reser te® Sai Eieien Doo es dena le cee] —2_Heauy metal tonicity auch os (us?) ~bag_ch ot (ital) — an Results: oe —_v_No _ resbsexption cp Ne Nace - vv go Nact Joad in DCT (uitnle dena 7A) eanstitehin (EM) aitafon —ep> EGER) |e -)—Nomally fe CER BH tena se ; ee poh Sal 2 babys, ae _sympathctic __Acsividy - Nasaconstoickes subs ob [¥-Ger) ——| ~ ‘i aso 5, a Glood Vatume_. rock Prewure_|—_() ———II)—Tubular__ Processing of _Glomevulad. Filtuate, — HE = = (te15)] * Segal patuaey —____ dhreugh/ams the Gils o Pavaceialay_paathwaty Hho the Cells thieugh Gaps — Vv Tu ion._Basie Principles: a — —— Every Minute; = —vsGach Daye a —« GE > 25m2_ | ee GE= Igov \H—_______aTR = i2¢m% | oFRermest eVE>tm& Bf oveetSe Pet- Coll: sinnneictnieee sas be ———+lomush_loadon_luman, T sh 207% | Lec; Intwestitial site/Bi-side ; Gia side, : 4 = — WE SBoth curacs are ciPennt & \ have dHerent -ranspoviens- ft e-tight cunctint vfa_cells copy ee Not 2 TR Pas. Honspasles 7 on Cnsclateeall side 4 >on. Bling ala e = ttonspyeNe Ne tai Poked on Lavina siesengy Fr Faclilated dqwston os provided by 9 om ria ate mere, in POT ~ Calls, Journ? | all Cone _ip—lumen_af_ PCT # (wigh). ke eas ren Ne "a_i PUR Signa. by Faclitated_ de at tatramaran) 3 tt o}F cal ih_Penal_tnhonkl Bid oy Nin Se SS a sete aera 1 lembrane. = ete_inte _ ab Cop, Lan Yay i — ie ia man «ton _ Se Vanspot Gt _Othor _subs— along with Not ail yon lumenal side side _(>.0m__Tabulax lumen’ into. Pctecall)_ = ES cand Amine. Acid. ee oxipary. | — ” 2 male tee - — SGU toate hansgatseas: | (Wat Cluse_ Coansparie) Cour | — ear tamamal tke op * Jeun waste A SGtTe L_ pep ext" |__ap-peqaeel LN" ee! at a ee a H (gut ob he cell) IsaLint (Tronspost Maximum) Qat which all tanspesiées one sitwrated . eGlucose underys Toa bez it have only one Way hanspnt. ® Na" dees not underge Tay bee tt fare many says fo undergo. Facto dctenming \at] Reabsorphin (4) _ (rate ot Reabeosption. —&.- Me Cone- Gyadients : cicchathanient eet— Qt» cece aint ee GeO —Tine. nial ee RE Celt, Lumen) Membrane eamola © (Hut ) jp Paes + Tar) eins snail) Aurspat \ _ Glumnse tiation _cunve., (Transpar max) | |——_—Ssh Maximum Aanspaters, Maximum Absorption ,No oxeretion | _@__— __Nepbvan= 5S — hein: Shrine ee) ist ~ 4 sepbran = 2 —Cmodenate. Transpaniss¢) nani 5 nega 2 (til thanspatet_numen,)———_—___ a $0 Glntsse— will apex _in_Usine_in__Nephran-$1) atkien— to ess lens. bs ethan Plas — Glucose Cone—- Is anund 2oome [rin limes: al Giusese_are seabscabed . But ns te level 4 progressively there ill be ne “atts realasexption _yonen teaches te (Tenax!) Atk nephrans —are.—.ftlly satwiaded ___--— te Tp Ream Takesuod Boe Gipease (RT) a Glatt Ne paittat_rshich _quacese stave to_aperein__Uvine. ee 4-2 Rais. 200 mg fico m&._Yn_Glacose st Transport Maximuna (Tn) V_peint at which _Glacese ttealsaphiin tops —o(T)_For_glurese_is_50_mg (min : te err: les ancpoden) TM is 9m, Nephsen— 3 Cotae ansp. —eleabsorpiive _capibill lg Tag) nding —eect_in both teabsarption & txcrehanelf _FL_is__gymaten_ —Tmax—-glocase in_ani Eg Unentolled__dibe fies_melitus (pi) “ —Sopprtuen = in pregnancy (GFR @EL) = La) x@lere) So__(FL)P_, Calcase oy a rane, 5 TT ypineaciag ® physiclagical [Gee )T, so Fonol- (Gp) = Constant: _S Due fo reduced shald moans shansport. FL (01)_= Gap Tnx (cee) (0 :| a | io - _ Para. Amine Hippuric Acid (PAA) | a Example —of —seoreted Substance, cxagant substan [00%] op PHA is Protein bounded fon) ts Pree, (20%4)_ic Sittored _, (20.7) sis_secroled ) tubdes_, ery Heavy amount. op PHA is exoreied. . Armauol of CHA Grcvoted_ = _[ ttewed | + [secreted] an sereted ameund is Greate, _4-tines thon _ftbatisn amour _ es geveted by Pevi-dubulaY capillaries into PCT lmen- Clearance is. pe ea Ositeted Renal Plasma Flow =F f Cane-—— iter fe pele econ wath Ef sil Felbation conve oS cee (PHA- plasma] —> ft (pavelte®)_moans Excretion ot Hre_| Leanne entinicdl —.. Alhation not secretin ae io._PHA Causes lai change in__Exorehips + eet changes cocenis both in| he es wl? [Punt ie leis than Tay. some_ct tsi Auttered a0 | te eed ng pea Tag it soe such §PHA) in plesme_ gai_not be Secreted, htt anatng pine acl Glucose Pal lactate (- Tein)Examples classically» Canuunt) _,_{CReaTininie} wf_NET___PEABSORS THON ———______ _ > (Exeretion Load) (Net reabsor te (Bitter lead’) > BE vample + Galwease, Nat, ck ___-—--— a f_NET __SeckeTIoN p_fibation . Seeetion No venbetphiba ® Exurejory load _> fillet Lond _(net_seemtion) — ______Bramples PHA» organic —peids§ Base ————________— eas aap aoe __¢ Bus _b «Suis tot Gomes "side _ ls — @ Casal Shaiotins (mitochondria) an Saclalen| sd side———_—_ Not, 00, yo petances Absorbed “pom tubule inka ® inte PCT Water YY z Ala Ab + Brorimal_ Pant oF re fa a remem ng Na. Heo, ‘ — hose aa an esied_(veabcbed)_ beth Efe), (Pe) painway. fubulas_lumen into CT- Cells and inte _intestihium. __ sf Substance secreted Sem. a Goll —> lumen CHE ion) PCT ipto_lumen__\> Blood ——> of tubule --- as atin cet in PET a7 Nat. —and_ 420. aa 2 Ld at07 steabsesphion cect in PC os sel 8 Malncase and Amino’ Reid = praia rand __@ Parolhyoid Hormone L / Phosphate teshing Hasmone _= Bloeés phosphate Teabsosp-ton in PET ___ = 4 tt _absomtin in DoT. oe ANGIOTENSIN- TL 3 = 4 No’ reabsosphin hom Pc ——# Mit f_actntin in PCT -_ a 2nd _Hiyarolabin COR toy 2-5 Nyeatey last pera L = AS-OH__——> “A-25-0H_ F@Osmolavily of body Hulds > 292 mOsm/L ORejore Fihation, osmolarity is-> 300 mOsm/t @ In thaton > osmolarity I$-> 00 m Osm/L & ® After Filhahsn , osmolarity i8 > 300 mosm/L J In PCT __osmalarvily of Aluids remains Constant ~~ medullary _Huids remove Hyperocmotfe, .» As—We_ira -Henele_,_b H20) _teobsosphin_ 4, osmalanty 6) Aiuids __/ Loop _op_HENLE (LOP) Apuyy (ast et) e+ cts y= Non-Romeable 4 ig Beem dings loop op Henele.: (hin $ thie j onde a Aaa Ta a BL mumrivane have niet ATpase pump a Ta Tat Coal) gop gunctins LY eNa-¥- AOL hansporkss_on luminal sete | okt leak, chameel on beth BL Lt Monn dn 5amebllory Foteuttiom & Mpper oxnelar- 7 lumenal pat 4. Aa- LOW ic fyposine law - - unenal_Bostive ferntiel: ete —poential— ote tops ost _Lumensl_stde_of __ trex —ascendiog —tonp_of Henle: (+8 mV) 7 inatnge of ths_potostial _lb_that helt ine ~___-twabsarpin. 6} _divalent__catrors. (as_mgtt) “a 5 “into the intresHum__thangh paracellitay. ont “blo the — ALOW calls - _ : coal »_-spedifte_channel er_cd* _mBr* ions _ in al is due to Ke fons ( _ ¢ fluids in_ medulla when become _lnypenosmatic &t [esute]) _ (desending leap Henele + thin_Segment_q ALO) _ hen, inthe ticle _ Segment op_asanding. limb Henle, ik become _ Hyposmotic_{ ditection pcent due. 40 _teabscyplion cy Solntel] (Na, cag) _- Asanding LOH + Protunal_- DET __ef> diluchng seGment tnbibils © 1nla-ace-tke _hanspmtea. + Casing tog Net, Kg" can wine —_ —______\ez _ i i _yeabs phon Ts not taking, plaw - ——__+ promates__cliueresis 3 sraharee is i .7. thick _asendiag | steeds Gs Sale aos bere s_mateta ct. omeshenld Baarune,. 4 Th len tiled covtral dil A NeA_seg ment rc v_Macule densa eg Nes ————»epetialied closely pected epithehal cells a : ———the_gunehiin of _fhee- Low 8 —Payinins, GL ecasly. pace. ———@ ep Bey sales: ep Dood of Bui iol mon — o—frlimulate _Jc- cls bh pmeluce 8 Yeloas Reni Renin. ——+ Aettvation et € whea__N@i toad ye : Aiterent_axtniol ditabon 1a chetohanspasdensg tty THAIZOID “DweEeET AR 4’ & 5 2 ure - ig Yeabsosb? 4 ~wATPase a 2 ad Exthanger or Raa “tide ——_| cat chanel (on_lumenal_ side) go i pion 4 ca Exceetion pat ing ______orpssite to _ Loop. Diverettes --> en sn @ _hypercaleiurie daugs- (Gc tes in wine) —___. el cr penny ,s0-% Stones Sesmaton Lines collecting 4 énnaal J Oate - DET Sp cortical etaptutabaioe al junctional _characteristies: : awit Nee Pindiple calle CMiore? | a wo pas GF Sas Rca ear y te * face 2 ain precent_ofia__Principle cells e Intrcalatd celts (Zc) ave Agid - Base gn — -