A Cheigtmag Catal Literature Paper f quagtiong: A € Read the following extract from Stave I and then answer € the question that follows. In this extract, Scrooge is being introduced to the reader. External heat and cold had little influence on Scrooge. No warmth could warm, nor wintry weather chill him. No wind that blew was bitterer than he, no falling snow was more intent upon its purpose, no pelting rain less open to entreaty. Foul weather didn't know where to have him. The heaviest rain, and snow, and hail, and sleet, could boast of the advantage over him in only one respect. They often ‘came down’ handsomely, and Scrooge never did, Nobody ever stopped him in the street to say, with gladsome looks, ‘My dear Scrooge, how are you? When will you come to see me?’ No beggars implored him to bestow a trifle, no children asked him what it was o'clock, no man or woman ever once in all his life inquired the way to such and such a place, of Scrooge. Even the blindmen's dogs appeared to know him; and when they saw him coming on, would tug thelr owners into doorways and up Courts; and then would wag their tails as though they said, ‘No eye at all is better than an evil eye, dark master!’ But what did Scrooge care? It was the very thing he liked. To edge his way along the crowded paths of life, warning all human sympathy to keep its distance, was what the knowing ones call ‘nuts’ to Scrooge. Starting with this extract, how does Dickens present Scrooge as an outsider to society? Write about: * How Dickens presents Scrooge in this extract * How Dickens presents Scrooge as an outsider to society in the novel as a whole [30 marks]B é ead the following extract from Stave I and then answer the question that ae follows. In this extract, Scrooge’s nephew, Fred, arrives to invite his uncle to Christmas dinner. “Uncle!” pleaded the nephew. “Nephew!” returned the uncle, sternly, "keep Christmas in your own Way and let me keep it in mine.” Keep it!” repeated Scrooge’s nephew. “But you don't keep it.” “Let me leave it alone, then,” said Scrooge. "Much good may it do you! Much good it has ever done you!” There are many things from which I might have derived good, by which T have not profited, I dare say,” returned the nephew. “Christmas among the rest. But I am site Thave Siways thought of Christmas time, when it has come round—apart from the veneration due cote cacred name and origin, if anything belonging to it can be apart from that—as 2 good time; a kind, forgiving, charitable, pleasant time; the only time I know of, in the long Calendar of the year, when men and woren seem by one consent to open their shut-up hearts freely, and to think of people below them as if they really were fellow-passengers to the grave, and not another race of creatures bound on other journeys. And therefore, uncle, though tt has never puta scrap of gold or silver in my pocket, I believe that it has done me ‘good, and will do me good; and I say, God bless it!” ‘The clerk in the tank involuntarily applauded. Becoming immediately sensible of the impropriety, he poked the fire, and extinguished the last frall spark for ever. “Let me hear another sound from you,” said Scrooge, “and you'll keep your Christmas by losing your situation! You're quite a powerful speaker, sir,” he added, turning to his nephew. “wonder you don’t go into Parliament.” “Don't be angry, uncle. Come! Dine with us to-morrow.” Scrooge said that he would see him-—yes, indeed he did. He went the whole length of the expression, and said that he would see him in that extremity first. Starting with this extract, how does Dickens explore the theme of Christmas? Write about: = How Dickens presents Christmas in this extract + How Christmas is presented in the novella as @ wholeZs ‘© Read the following extract from Stave I and then answer the question that follows. In this extract, Marley’s ghost has a clear warning for Scrooge. “Ido,” said Scrooge. "I must. But why do spirits walk the earth, and why do they come to me?” “It ls required of every man,” the Ghost returned, “that the spirit within him should walk abroad among his fellowmen, and travel far and wide; and if that spirit goes not forth in life, itis condemned to do so after death, It is doomed to wander through the world—oh, woe is me!—and witness what it cannot share, but might have shared on earth, and turned to happiness!” ‘Again the spectre raised a cry, and shook its chain and wrung its shadowy hands. “You are fettered,” said Scrooge, trembling. “Tell me why?” “I wear the chain I forged in life,” replied the Ghost. “I made it link by link, and yard by yard; I girded it on of my own free wil, and of my own free will I wore it. Is its pattern strange to you?” Scrooge trembled more and more. “Or would you know,” pursued the Ghost, “the weight and length of the ‘strong coil you bear yourself? It was full as heavy and as long as this, seven Christmas Eves ago. You have laboured on it, since. It is a ponderous chain!” Scrooge glanced about him on the floor, in the expectation of finding himself surrounded by some fifty or sixty fathoms of iron cable: but he could see nothing, “Jacob,” he said, imploringly. “Old Jacob Marley, tell me more. Speak comfort to me, Jacob!” “Ihave none to give,” the Ghost replied. “It comes from other regions, Ebenezer Scrooge, and Is conveyed by other ministers, to other kinds of men. Nor can I tell you what I would. A very little more is all permitted to me. I cannot rest, I cannot stay, I cannot linger ‘anywhere. My spirit never walked beyond our counting-house—mark me!—in life my spirit Never roved beyond the narrow limits of our money-changing hole; and weary journeys lie before me!” Starting with this extract, explore how Dickens presents the theme of punishment. Write about: * How Dickens presents punishment in this extract * How different forms of punishment are explored in the novella as a whole [30 marks] La ——Read the following extract from Stave II and then answer the question that & follows. In this extract, Scrooge reflects on Fezziwia's party after being taken back to his apprentice days. During the whole of this time, Scrooge had acted like a man out of his wits. His heart and soul were in the scene, and with his former self, He corroborated everything, remembered everything, enjoyed everything, and underwent the strangest agitation, It was not until now, when the bright faces of his former self and Dick were turned from them, that he remembered the Ghost, and became conscious that it was looking full upon him, while the light upon its head burnt very clear. ‘A small matter,” said the Ghost, “to make these silly folks so full of gratitude.” Small!” echoed Scrooge. “The Spirt signed to him to listen to the two apprentices, who were pouring out their hearts in praise of Fezziwig: and when he had done so, said, ~ Why! Is tt not? He has spent but a few pounds of your mortal money: three or four perhaps. Is that so much that he deserves this praise?” sf ignt that,” said Scrooge, heated by the remark, and speaking unconsciously ike his former, not his latter, self. “It isn’t that, Spirit. He has the power to render us happy oF unhappy; to make our service light or burdensome; a pleasure or atoll. Say tht his power fee fe ards and looks; in things so slight and insignificant that itis impossible to add and count ‘em up: what then? The happiness he gives, is quite as great as if It cost 2 fortune.” He felt the Spirit's glance, and stopped. “What is the matter?” asked the Ghost. “Nothing particular,” said Scrooge. “something, I think?” the Ghost insisted. “No,” said Scrooge, "No. I should like to be able to say @ word or two to my clerk just now. That's all.” His former self turned down the lamps as he gave utterance to the wish; and Scrooge and the Ghost again stood side by side in the open alr. Starting with this extract, how does Dickens present 2 change in Scrooge? Write about: = How Dickens present Scrooge in this extract «How Dickens presents Scrooge changing in the novella as a whole [30 marks]@ é Read the following extract from Stave III and then answer the question that follows, In this extract, Scrooge is presented with two children, Ignorance and Want. “Oh, Man! look here. Look, look, down here!” exclaimed the Ghost. They were a boy and girl. Yellow, meagre, ragged, scowling, wotfish; but prostrate, too, in their humility. Where graceful youth should have filled their features out, and touched them with its freshest tints, a stale and shrivelled hand, like that of age, had pinched, and twisted them, and pulled them into shreds. Where angels might have sat enthroned, devils lurked, and glared out menacing. No change, no degradation, no perversion of humanity, in any grade, through all the mysteries of wonderful creation, has monsters half so horrible and dread. Scrooge started back, appalled. Having them shown to him in this way, he tried to say they were fine children, but the words choked themselves, rather than be parties to a lie of such enormous magnitude, “spirit! are they yours?” Scrooge could say no more. ‘They are Man's,” said the Spit, looking down upon them. “And they cling to me, appealing from their fathers. This boy is Ignorance. This girl is Want. Beware them both, and all of their degree, but most of all beware this boy, for on his brow I see that written which is Doom, unless the writing be erased. Deny it!” cried the Spirit, stretching out its hand towards the city. “Slander those who tell it ye! Admit it for your factious purposes, and make it worse. And abide the end!” “Have they no refuge or resource?" cried Scrooge. “Are there no prisons?” said the Spirit, turning on him for the last time with his own words. “Are there no workhouses?” The bell struck twelve, Starting with this extract, how does Dickens present the impact of poverty? Write about: * How Dickens presents poverty in this extract * How the impact of poverty is presented in the novella as a whole [30 marks]E é Read the following extract from Stave III and then answer the question that follows. In this extract, Scrooge is watching the Cratchit family celebrate Christmas. “yr. Scrooge!” sald Bob; “Tl give you Mr. Scrooge, the Founder of the Feast!” ~The Founder of the Feast indeed!” cried Mrs. Cratchit, reddening, "I wish I had him here. 1d give him a piece of my mind to feast upon, and 1 hope he’d have a good appetite for it.” ~My dear,” said Bob, “the children! Christmas Day.” st should be Christmas Day, I am sure,” said she, “on which one drinks the health of such an odious, stingy, hard, unfeeling man as Mr. Scrooge. You know he is, Robert Nobody knows it better than you do, poor fellow!” ~My dear,” was Bob's mild answer, “Christmas Day.” “711 drink his health for your sake and the Day's,” said Mrs. Cratchit, "not for his. Long life to him! A merry Christmas and a happy new year! Helll be very merry and very happy, I have no doubt!” “The children drank the toast after her. It was the first of their proceedings which had no heartiness, Tiny Tim drank it last of all, but he didn’t care twopence for it. Scrooge was the Ogre of the family. The mention of his name cast a dark shadow on the party, which was not dispelled for full five minutes. ‘After it had passed away, they were ten times merrier than before, from the mere relief of Scrooge the Baleful being done with. Bob Cratchit told them how he had a situation in his eye for Master Peter, which would bring in, if obtained, full five-and-sixpence weekly, The two young Cratchits laughed tremendously at the idea of Peter's being a man of business; and Peter himsetf looked thoughtfully at the fire from between his collars, as if he were deliberating what particular investments he should favour when he came into the receipt of that bewildering income. Martha, who was a poor apprentice at a milliner’s, then told them what kind of work she had to do, and how many hours she worked at 2 stretch, and how she meant to lie abed to-morrow morning for a good long rest; to-morrow! being a holiday she passed at home. Also how she had seen a countess and a lord some days before, and how the lord "was much about as tall as Peter;” at which Peter pulled up his collars so high that you couldn't have seen his head if you had been there. All this time the chestnuts and the jug went round and round; and by-and-bye they had @ song, about a lost child travelling in the snow, from Tiny Tim, who had a plaintive litle voice, and sang it very well indeed. ‘There was nothing of high mark in this. They were not a handsome family; they were nok Whall dressed; their shoes were far from being water-proof; their clothes were scanty; and Peter might have known, and very likely did, the inside of a pawnbroker’s. But, they were happy, grateful, pleased with one another, and contented with the time; ‘and when they faded, and looked happier yet in the bright sprinklings ofthe Spirits torch at parting, Scrooge had his eye upon them, and especially on Tiny Tim, until the ast “Starting with this extract, how does Dickens present the Cratchit family? Write about: = How the Cratchits are presented in the extract + How the Cratchit family are presented in the novella as a whole [30 marks]© ‘follows. In this extract, Scrooge has his first encounter with the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come. THE Phantom slowly, gravely, silently approached. When it came near him, Scrooge bent down upon his knee; for in the very air through which this Spirit moved it seemed to scatter gloom and mystery. Jf was shrouded in a deep black garment, which concealed its head, its face, its form, and left nothing of it visible save one outstretched hand. But for ths it would have been affficat to detach its figure from the night, and separate it from the darkness by which it was surrounded, He felt that it was tall and stately when it came beside him, and that its mysterious Presence filed him with a solemn dread, He knew no more, for the Spirit neither spoke nor moved. “Tam in the presence of the Ghost of Christmas Yet To Come?” said Scrooge. ‘The Spirit answered not, but pointed onward with its hand. “You are about to show me shadows of the things that have not happened, but will happen in the time before us,” Scrooge pursued. “Is that so, Spirit?” ‘The upper portion of the garment was contracted for an instant in its fold, as ifthe Spirit had inclined its head. That was the only answer he received, Although well used to ghostly company by ths time, Scrooge feared the silent shape so much that his legs trembled beneath him, and he found that he could hardly stand when he Prepared to follow it. The Spirit paused a moment, as observing his condition, and giving him time to recover. But Scrooge was all the worse for this. It thrilled him with a vague uncertain horror, to know that behind the dusky shroud, there were ghostly eyes intently fixed upon him, while he, though he stretched his own to the utmost, could see nothing but a spectral hand and one great heap of black. "Ghost ofthe Future!” he exclaimed, "I fear you more than any spectre I have seen. But as 1 know your purpose is to do me good, and as I hope to live to be another man from what I \was, Tam prepared to bear you company, and do it with a thankful heart. Will you not speak to me?” It gave him no reply. The hand was pointed straight before them. G © Read the following extract from Stave IV and then answer the question that “Lead ont” said Scrooge. “Lead on! The night is waning fast, and itis precious time to me, I know. Lead on, Spirit!” Starting with this extract, how does Dickens present the supernatural? Write about: How Dickens presents the supernatural in this extract * How the supernatural is presented in the novella as a whole [30 marks] ee& € Read the following extract from Stave TV and then answer the question that © follows. &, In this extract, the Cratchits experience Christmas with the absence of Tiny Tim. ‘she hurried out to meet him; and little Bob in his ‘comforter—he had need of it, poor fellowcame in, His tea was ready for him on the hob, and they all tried who should help him to it most. Then the two young Cratchits got upon his knees and laid, each child a little cheek, against his face, as if they said, "Don't mind it, father. Don't be grieved!” Bob was very cheerful with them, and spoke pleasantly to all the family. He looked at the work upon the table, and praised the industry and speed of Mrs. Cratchit and the girls. They would be done long before Sunday, he said. sunday! You went to-day, then, Robert?” said his wife. »Yes, my dear,” returned Bob. “I wish you could have gone It would have done you good to see how green a place itis. But you'l see it often. T promised him that I would walk there ona Sunday. My litle, litte child!” cried Bob. “My litle child!” He broke down all at once. He couldnt help it If he could have helped ft he and his child would have been farther apart perhaps than they were. tHe left the room, and went up-stais into the room above, which was lighted cheerfully, and hung with Christmas. There was a chair set cose beside the child, ‘and there were signs of ae "one having been there, lately. Poor Bob sat down int, and when he had thought a Title and composed himself, he kissed the litle face. He was reconciled to what had happened, and went down again quite happy. ‘They drew about the fre, and talked; the gris and mother working still. Bob told them of the cstraordinary kindness of Mr. Scrooge’s nephew, whom he had scarcely Seen, but once, nd who, meeting him in the street that day, and seeing that he looked 2 little— "just a litle down you know," said Bob, inquired what had happened to distress him. "On which,” said Bob, “for he is the pleasantestspoken gentleman you ever heard, £ told him. ‘I am heartily som for it, Mr. Cratchit, he sald, ‘and heartily sorry for your good wife.’ By the bye, how he ever knew that, I don't know.” “Knew what, my dear?” “Why, that you were a good wife,” replied Bob. “Everybody knows that!” said Peter. Very well observed, my boy!” cried Bob. “I hope they do. ‘Heartily sorry,’ he said, ‘for your good wife. If I can be of service to you in any wal "he said, giving me his card, “that’s where I live, Pray come to me.’ Now, it wasnt,” cried Bob, “for the sake of anything he right be able to do for us, so much as for his ikind way, that this was quite delightful. Tt really seemed as if he had known our Tiny Tim, and felt with us.” Starting with this extract, how does Dickens present the importance of compassion? Write about: = How compassion is presented in this extract + How compassion is presented in the novella as a whole [30 marks]Read the following extract from Stave IV and then answer the question that follows, In this extract, Scrooge is taken to his own grave. “Before I draw nearer to that stone to which you point,” said Scrooge, “answer me one question. Are these the shadows of the things that Will be, or are they shadows of things that May be, only?” Still the Ghost pointed downward to the grave by which it stood. Men’s courses will foreshadow certain ends, to which, if persevered in, they must lead,” said Scrooge. “But if the courses be departed from, the ends will change. Say it is thus with what you show me!” ‘The Spirit was immovable as ever. Scrooge crept towards it, trembling as he went) and following the finger, read upon the stone of the neglected grave his own name, EBENEZER SCROOGE. “Am I that man who lay upon the bed?” he cried, upon his knees, The finger pointed from the grave to him, and back again. “No, Spirit! Oh no, no!” The finger still was there. “Spirit!” he cried, tight clutching at its robe, “hear me! I am not the man I was. I will not be the man I must have been but for this intercourse. Why show me this, if I am past al hope!” For the first time the hand appeared to shake. “Good Spirit,” he pursued, as down upon the ground he fell before it: "Your nature intercedes for me, and pities me, Assure me that I yet may change these shadows you have shown me, by an altered life!” The kind hand trembled. “Iwill honour Christmas in my heart, and try to keep it all the year. I will live in the Past, the Present, and the Future. The Spirits of all Three shall strive within me. I will not shut out the lessons that they teach. Oh, tell me I may sponge away the writing on this stone!” In his agony, he caught the spectral hand. It sought to free itself, but he was strong in his entreaty, and detained it. The Spirit, stronger yet, repulsed him. Holding up his hands in a last prayer to have his fate reversed, he saw an alteration in the Phantom's hood and dress, It shrunk, collapsed, and dwindled down into a bedpost. Starting with this extract, how does Dickens present the influence of fear? Write about: * How Dickens presents Scrooge's fear in this extract * How Dickens presents the influence of fear in the novella as a whole [30 marks] aé Read the following extract from Stave IV and then answer the question that follows. % In this extract, Scrooge reveals that he is going to raise Bob Cratchit's salary. “Now, Tl tell you what, my friend,” said Scrooge, “I am not going to stand this sort of thing any longer. And therefore,” he continued, leaping from his stool, and giving Bob such 2 dig in the waistcoat that he staggered back into the Tank again; "and therefore I am about to raise your salary!” Bob trembled, and got a little nearer to the ruler. He had @ momentary idea of knocking Scrooge down with it, holding him, and calling to the people in the court for help and a strait-waistcoat. “A merry Christmas, Bob!” said Scrooge, with an earnestness that could not be mistaken, as he clapped him on the back. “A merrier Christmas, Bob, my good fellow, than I have given you for many a year! Il raise your salary, and endeavour to ‘assist your struggling family, ‘and we will discuss your affairs this very afternoon, over a Christmas bowl of smoking bishop, Bob! Make up the fires, and buy another coak-scuttle before you dot another i, Bob Cratchit!” Scrooge was better than his word. He did it all, and infinitely more; and to Tiny Tit who ‘td NOT die, he was a second father. He became as good 2 friend, as good a master, and as good a man, as the good old city knew, or any other good old city, tow of borough, in the {good old world. Some people laughed to see the alteration in him, but he let them laugh, are tle heeded them; for he was wise enough to know that nothing ever happened on this Globe, for good, at which some people did not have their fil of laughter In the outset; and knowing that such as these would be blind anyway, he thought It quite as well that they fould wrinkle up thelr eyes in grins, as have the malady in less attractive forms. His own heart laughed: and that was quite enough for him. tHe had no further intercourse with Spirits, but lived upon the Total Abstinence Principe, ver afterwards; and it was always said of him, that he knew how to keep Christmas well, if any man alive possessed the knowledge. May that be truly said of us, and all of us! And so, as Tiny Tim observed, God bless Us, Every One! Starting with this extract, how does Dickens present Scrooge as a changed man? Write about: «How Scrooge is presented in this extract «How the change in Scrooge’s character is presented in the novella as 2 whole [30 marks]