ARMY INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

(AIBA)

An Term Paper
On
“Aguner Poroshmoni” The Historical Movie
Course name: Functional English
Course code: GED1101

Prepared by Supervised By
Afrina Akter Mahfuja Sultana
ID- 30 Assistant Professor
BBA -4(B) AIBA, Savar

Date of Submission: 23 April,2017

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 Declaration
I hereby declare this term report was prepared by myself and was not previously submitted to
any other organizations.

The work does not breach any copyright.

______________________________________

Date and Signature

Afrina Akter

ID-B4170B030

BBA-4(B)

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 Acknowledgement

I sincerely acknowledge my debt to MAHFUJA SULTANA, honorable faculty of AIBA, for

her valuable counseling towards the improvement of the report. Without her encouragement, this
would have never been possible.
I am overwhelmed with gratitude to my course advisor as she helped me in terms of propulsion
and completing this term paper impeccably.

Afrina Akter
ID- B4170B030
BBA-4(B)

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 Table of Content
Details Topics Page
Declaration 2
Acknowledgement 3
Abstract 5
Chapter 1 Introduction 6

Chapter 2 Literature Review 8

Chapter 3 Methodology 9
Chapter 4 Data findings & 10
analysis
Chapter 5 Conclusion 21
Reference 22

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 Abstract
The term paper represents an elaborated overview on historical movie “Aguner Poroshmoni” .
This movie about Bangladesh war liberation story. In this entire term paper, the discussion was
focused on war liberation time in Bangladesh situation. The term paper holds information about
Language controversy, Disparities, Religious and cultural differences, Political differences,
Economic exploitation, Atrocities, Number of people died, Atrocities on women and minorities,
killing of intellectuals, Operation Searchlight, Declaration of independence, Liberation war,
Surrender and aftermath. Finally, some valid conclusions are given and at the end, important
strong solutions are provided with supporting references.

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 Chapter 1: Introduction
Aguner Poroshmoni is a 1994 film based on the novel of the same name written and directed by
Humayun Ahmed. The film won National Film Award in eight categories including Best Picture,
Best Director and Best Plot. It was the first movie directed by Humayun Ahmed. In the middle of
the 1971 curfew is going on all over the Bangladesh. The liberation army is operated as effective
guerrilla force Badiul Alam is one them. Alam plans for starting guerrilla operation in the capital
and hides himself in Mr. Matin's house. Mr. Matin lives with his loving wife Surma and two
beautiful daughters Ratri and Opala. In association with other freedom fighters, Alam operates
some successful guerrilla attacks against barbarous Pakistani military. But one after another his
fellow freedom-fighters are getting caught by the military, tortured, murdered. Alam being shot
and seriously injured is taken to Matin's house. How he can survive and how he sees the light of
morning again the most things in liberation time briefly in this movie.

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1.1. Purpose of the study
i. To know in the middle of the 1971 curfew is going on all over the Bangladesh.
ii. To know the liberation army is operated as effective guerrilla force.
iii. To know some successful guerrilla attacks against barbarous Pakistani military.
iv. To know people can survive after his injury.
v. To know people sees the light of morning again the most things in liberation time.

1.2. Scope of the study

i. To Islam was the sole principle of statehood in East and West Pakistan, with
differences in all other respects.
ii. To Two nations emerged within one state.
iii. To over the period various administrative, military, linguistic, civil and financial
controls by West Pakistan toward the East Pakistan led to a Liberation War in 1971.
iv. To During the nine months of the war, Pakistani Army with the assistance of local
Bengali collaborators.

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 Chapter 2: Literature review
According to French journal for media research Humayun Ahmed initiated the decline of
female participation in the war in mainstream cinema with his Aguner Poroshmoni (1994).
The contribution and participation of women in war films started to fade away further in the
hands of directors of alternative films once they started to make full-length films. It was
Bangladesh’s first film to compete for the Academy Award. for Best Foreign Language Film.
Though the lead female character was strong, the war did not touch her until the Pakistani
army burns down her house. She leaves her husband behind, and runs away with her son.
Though quite conscious about the political situation of 1971, she tells her brother-in-law, a
political activist, I don’t have any war. This absence is established in other films as well.
They are simply passive attacked characters, helpless prey to the situation. The war that
women faced in the post-millennium alternative film directors war films of Bangladesh
seems presented from a distant lens than that of historical narrative. The participation of
women in the war does not get any shape, rather the women characters are encircled in the
ring of passive participation with the feeling of lost existence. Although breaking out of the
rape commerce framework of the ʾ 70s and ʾ 80s, these directors seem unclear as to where to
place their female characters.

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 Chapter 3: Methodology
Use secondary data. At first, data were collected from various external sources like Internet or
Social Media. Then, few data were eliminated and some were selected to analyze the process of
preparing this term report. Reading some online reports and article.

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 Chapter 4: Data Findings & Analysis

4.1. Language controversy

In 1948, Governor General Mohammad Ali Jinnah declared that Urdu, and only Urdu would be
the federal language of Pakistan However, Urdu was historically prevalent only in the north,
central, and western region of the subcontinent; whereas in East Bengal, the native language was
Bengali, one of the two most easterly branches of the Indo-European languages. The Bengali-
speaking people of Pakistan constituted over 30% of the country's population. The government
stand was widely viewed as an attempt to suppress the culture of the eastern wing. The people of
East Bengal demanded that their language be given federal status alongside Urdu and English.
The Bengali Language Movement began in 1948, as civil society protested the removal of the
Bengali script from currency and stamps, which were in place since the British Raj. The
movement reached its climax in 1952, when on 21 February, the police fired on protesting
students and civilians, causing several deaths. The day is revered in Bangladesh as the Language
Martyr's Day. Later, in memory of the deaths in 1952, UNESCO declared 21 February as
International Mother Language Day in November 1999.

4.2. Disparities
Although East Pakistan had a larger population, West Pakistan dominated the divided country
politically and received more money from the common budget. Bengalis were under-represented
in the Pakistan military. Officers of Bengali origin in the different wings of the armed forces
made up just 5% of overall force by 1965of these, only a few were in command positions, with
the majority in technical or administrative posts. West Pakistanis believed that Bengalis were not
"martially inclined" unlike Pashtuns and Punjabis the "Martial Races" notion was dismissed as
ridiculous and humiliating by Bengalis. Moreover, despite huge defense spending, East Pakistan
received none of the benefits, such as contracts, purchasing and military support jobs. The Indo-
Pakistani War of 1965 over Kashmir also highlighted the sense of military insecurity among
Bengalis, as only an under-strength infantry division and 15 combat aircraft without tank support
were in East Pakistan to thwart any Indian retaliations during the conflict.

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4.3. Religious and cultural differences
The only common bond between the two Pakistani wings was religion. But there were
differences even in religious practices. Bengali Muslims tended to be less fanatical than West
Pakistanis in religious zeal. Bengali Muslims were also more accepting of their Hindu minority
and neighbors despite some communal clashes. The Bengali Muslims strongly objected to the
Islamist paradigm imposed by the Pakistani state.
Cultural and linguistic differences between the two wings also outweighed any religious unity.
The Bengalis were very proud of their culture and language which with its Devanagari script and
Sanskrit vocabulary was unacceptable to the West Pakistani elite who considered it to smack of
Hindu culture.
The Bangladeshi liberation struggle against Pakistan was led by secular leaders. With this reality
and the feeling of Islamic solidarity in the background, Islamists in East Pakistan viewed Bengali
nationalism as unacceptable and instead sided with the Pakistani Army's efforts to crush the
Bengali independence movement. Secularists hailed the Bangladeshi victory as the triumph of
secular Bengali nationalism over religion-centered Pakistani nationalism.

4.4. Political differences

Although East Pakistan accounted for a slight majority of the country's population, political
power remained in the hands of West Pakistanis. Since a straightforward system of
representation based on population would have concentrated political power in East Pakistan, the
West Pakistani establishment came up with the "One Unit" scheme, where all of West Pakistan
was considered one province. This was solely to counterbalance the East wing's votes.

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4.5. Economic exploitation
West Pakistan (consisting of four provinces: Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan and North-West Frontier
Province) dominated the divided country and received more money than the more populous East.
Between 1948 and 1960, East Pakistan's export earnings had been 70 percent while it only
received 25 percent of import earning. In 1948 (shortly after independence from the UK), East
Pakistan had 11 textile mills while West had 9. In 1971, the number of textile mills in the West
had grown to 150 while that in the East had only gone up to 26. A transfer of 2.6 billion dollars
(in 1971 exchange rates) worth resources was also done over time from East Pakistan to West
Pakistan. Moreover, it was felt that much of the income generated by the east was primarily
diverted towards fighting wars in Kashmir.

4.6. Atrocities
The Bangladesh liberation war witnessed widespread atrocities committed mainly on the Bengali
population of East Pakistan, at a level that Bangladeshis maintain is one of the worst genocides
in history. The actual extent of the atrocities committed is not clearly known, and opinions vary,
as the next section discusses. However, there is little doubt that numerous civilians were tortured
and killed during the war. There are many mass graves in Bangladesh, and newer ones are
always being discovered, such as a recent one in a mosque in Dhaka located in the non-Bengali
region of the city. The first night of war on Bengalis, which is very well documented, saw
indiscriminate killings of students of Dhaka University and other civilians.

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4.7. Number of people died
The number of people that died in the liberation war of Bangladesh is not known in any reliable
accuracy. There has been a great disparity in the casualty figures put forth by Pakistan on one
hand (26,000) and India and Bangladesh on the other hand (3 million). International media has
also had different views. Due to the lack of records and the long time that has since passed, an
accurate number is hard to get, though various arguments for and against certain numbers have
been put forward. Most guesses fall somewhere between a few hundred thousand and two
million. Pakistan has maintained that only 26,000 people died in the war. Though most
researchers do not support such a small number, many are inclined to believe that the real
number was still a far cry from the 3 million put forward by Bangladesh and other sources. Some
maintain that the real number of casualties was closer to 300,000 and was wrongly translated. On
the other hand, though the figure of 3 million is unsubstantiated, many believe that the real
number is still exceedingly high (more than 1 million) and the killing can clearly be termed a
genocide. This view gets support from the aforementioned reports in international media, which
were reported during the war before the 3 million figure was put forward. Supporters of this view
would also point out to the enormous influx of refugees into India (8 million seems to be a
widely-accepted number), and reason that killings numbering as low as the Pakistanis would like
to claim would not have caused such a large number of people to leave their homes. Some say
that the Bangladesh claim might have had roots in a statement by Yahya Khan. According to
Robert Payne in Massacre [1973], on February 22, 1971 Yahya Khan told a group of generals,
kill three million of them, and the rest will eat out of our hands.

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4.8. Atrocities on women and minorities
Numerous women were tortured, raped and killed during the war. Again, exact numbers are not
known and are a subject of debate. Bangladeshi sources cite a staggering figure of 200,000
women raped. Some other sources, for example Susan Brownmiller, refer to an even higher
number of 400,000. Pakistani sources claim the number is much lower, though having not
completely denied rape incidents.
There has been evidence of not only rape (and usually subsequent murder) of women, but of sex
slaves kept captive by the Pakistan army. During the last periods of war, when the Pakistani
army was retreating, the Mukti Bahini and Indian forces reported freeing numerous such women.
Apart from Brownmiller's, another work that has included direct experiences from the women
raped is Ami Virangana Bolchhi ("I, the heroine, speak") by Nilima Ibrahim. The work includes
in its name from the word Virangana (Heroine), given by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman after the war,
to the raped and tortured women during the war. This was a conscious effort to alleviate any
social stigma the women might face in the society. How successful this effort was is doubtful,
though.
The minorities of Bangladesh, specially the Hindus, were the biggest targets of the Pakistan
army. There was widespread killing of Hindu males, and rapes of women. In public places, men
were often made to undress to prove that they have been circumcised and hence were Muslim.
More than 60 percent of the Bengali refugees that had fled to India were Hindus, and many never
returned. It is not exactly known what percentage of the people killed by the Pakistan army were
Hindus, but it is safe to say it was disproportionately high. This widespread violence against
Hindus was motivated by a policy to purge East Pakistan of what was seen as Indian influence.
The West Pakistani rulers identified the Bengali culture with Hindu and Indian culture, and
thought that the eradication of Hindus would remove such influences from the majority Muslims
in East Pakistan.

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4.9. Killing of intellectuals
The Pakistani ruling class had long formed a distaste for Bengali intelligent and students. They
viewed them, correctly, as one of the main proponents of the rise of Bengali nationalism in East
Pakistan. This group had been instrumental in the 1952 uprising called the Language movement,
which ended in Pakistan accepting Bangla as one of its national languages. The famed six-point
demand put forward by Mujib, which became the rallying point for Awami League in the years
before the war, was derived from the earlier 11-point program penned by the students. In an
attempt to undermine the rising Bengali identity, Pakistan had variously tried to have Bangla
written in roman letters, ban singing the songs of Rabindranath Tagore, mostly in vain. The
rulers, again correctly, also found a growing leftist sentiment in the intelligent and student bodies
which they vowed to crush. Hence during the war, a planned effort was made to void Bangladesh
of its most enlightened people. In addition to the killings committed at the beginning and all
throughout the war, a meticulously planned execution was carried out on December 14, 1971.
Professors, journalists, doctors, artists, writers of unknown numbers were rounded up in Dhaka,
blindfolded, taken to Rajarbag in the middle section of the city, and executed a masse. This day
is now honored in Bangladesh as Buddhijibi Hotta Dibosh ("Day of Martyred Intellectuals").

4.10. Operation Searchlight

A planned military pacification carried out by the Pakistan Army Codenamed Operation
Searchlight started on 25 March to curb the Bengali independence movement by taking control
of the major cities on 26 March, and then eliminating all opposition, political or military, within
one month. Before the beginning of the operation, all foreign journalists were systematically
deported from East Pakistan. The main phase of Operation Searchlight ended with the fall of the
last major town in Bengali hands in mid-May. The operation also began the 1971 Bangladesh
atrocities. These systematic killings served only to enrage the Bengalis, which ultimately resulted
in the secession of East Pakistan later in the same year. Bangladeshi media and reference books
in English have published casualty figures which vary greatly, from 5,000–35,000 in Dacca, and
200,000–3,000,000 for Bangladesh as a whole, although independent researchers, including the
British Medical Journal, have put forward the figure ranging from between 125,000 and 505,000.
American political scientist R. J. Rummel puts total deaths at 1.5 million. The atrocities have
been referred to as acts of genocide. According to the Asia Times. At a meeting of the military
top brass, Yahya Khan declared. Kill 3 million of them and the rest will eat out of our hands.
Accordingly, on the night of 25 March, the Pakistani Army launched Operation Searchlight to
"crush" Bengali resistance in which Bengali members of military services were disarmed and
killed, students and the intelligentsia systematically liquidated and able-bodied Bengali males
just picked up and gunned down.

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Although the violence focused on the provincial capital, Dacca, it also affected all parts of East
Pakistan. Residential halls of the University of Dacca were particularly targeted. The only Hindu
residential hall – Jagannath Hall – was destroyed by the Pakistani armed forces, and an estimated
600 to 700 of its residents were murdered. The Pakistani army denied any cold-blooded killings
at the university, though the Hamood-ur-Rehman commission in Pakistan concluded that
overwhelming force was used at the university. This fact, and the massacre at Jagannath Hall and
nearby student dormitories of Dacca University, are corroborated by a videotape secretly filmed
by Professor Nurul Ula of the East Pakistan Engineering University, whose residence was
directly opposite the student dormitories. The scale of the atrocities was first made clear in the
West when Anthony Macarena’s, a Pakistani journalist who had been sent to the province by the
military authorities to write a story favorable to Pakistan's actions, instead fled to the United
Kingdom and, on 13 June 1971, published an article in the Sunday Times describing the
systematic killings by the military. The BBC wrote: "There is little doubt that Macarena’s'
reportage played its part in ending the war. It helped turn world opinion against Pakistan and
encouraged India to play a decisive role, with Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi herself
stating that Macarena’s' article has led her "to prepare the ground for India's armed intervention.
Hindu areas suffered particularly heavy blows. By midnight, Dacca was burning, especially the
Hindu-dominated eastern part of the city. Time magazine reported on 2 August 1971, "The
Hindus, who account for three-fourths of the refugees and a majority of the dead, have borne the
brunt of the Pakistani military hatred. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was arrested by the Pakistani
Army. Yahya Khan appointed Brigadier (later General) Rahimuddin Khan to preside over a
special tribunal prosecuting Rahman with multiple charges. The tribunal's sentence was never
made public, but Yahya caused the verdict to be held in abeyance in any case. Other Awami
League leaders were arrested as well, while a few fled Dacca to avoid arrest. The Awami League
was banned by General Yahya Khan.

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4.11. Declaration of independence
The violence unleashed by the Pakistani forces on 25 March 1971 proved the last straw to the
efforts to negotiate a settlement. Following these outrages, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman signed an
official declaration that read. Today Bangladesh is a sovereign and independent country. On
Thursday night, West Pakistani armed forces suddenly attacked the police barracks at Razarbagh
and the EPR headquarters at Pilkhana in Dacca. Many innocent and unarmed have been killed in
Dhaka city and other places of Bangladesh. Violent clashes between E.P.R. and Police on the
one hand and the armed forces of Pakistan on the other, are going on. The Bengalis are fighting
the enemy with great courage for an independent Bangladesh. May Allah aid us in our fight for
freedom. Joy Bangla [May Bangladesh be victorious]. Sheikh Mujib also called upon the people
to resist the occupation forces through a radio message. Rahman was arrested on the night of 25–
26 March 1971 at about 1:30 am (as per Radio Pakistan's news on 29 March 1971). A telegram
containing the text of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's declaration reached some students in
Chittagong. The message was translated to Bengali by Dr. Manjula Anwar. The students failed to
secure permission from higher authorities to broadcast the message from the nearby Agrabad
Station of Radio Pakistan. However, the message was read several times by the independent
Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendro Radio established by some rebel Bangali Radio workers in
Kalurghat. Major Ziaur Rahman was requested to provide security of the station and he also read
the Declaration on 27 March 1971.Major Ziaur Rahman broadcast announcement of the
declaration of independence on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. This is Swadhin Bangla Betar
Kendra. I, Major Ziaur Rahman, at the direction of Bangobondhu Mujibur Rahman, hereby
declare that Independent People's Republic of Bangladesh has been established. At his direction,
I have taken the command as the temporary Head of the Republic. In the name of Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman, I call upon all Bengalis to rise against the attack by the West Pakistani Army.
We shall fight to the last to free our motherland. Victory is, by the Grace of Allah, ours. Joy
Bangla. The Kalurghat Radio Station's transmission capability was limited, but the message was
picked up by a Japanese ship in the Bay of Bengal. It was then re-transmitted by Radio Australia
and later by the British Broadcasting Corporation. A. Hannan, an Awami League leader from
Chittagong, is said to have made the first announcement of the declaration of independence over
the radio on 26 March 1971. 26 March 1971 is considered the official Independence Day of
Bangladesh, and the name Bangladesh was in effect henceforth. In July 1971, Indian Prime
Minister Indira Gandhi openly referred to the former East Pakistan as Bangladesh. Some
Pakistani and Indian officials continued to use the name "East Pakistan" until 16 December 1971.

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4.12. Liberation war
At first, resistance was spontaneous and disorganised, and was not expected to be prolonged.
However, when the Pakistani Army cracked down upon the population, resistance grew. The
Mukti Bahini became increasingly active. The Pakistani military sought to quell them, but
increasing numbers of Bengali soldiers defected to this underground "Bangladesh army". These
Bengali units slowly merged into the Mukti Bahini and bolstered their weaponry with supplies
from India. Pakistan responded by airlifting in two infantry divisions and reorganising their
forces. They also raised paramilitary forces of Razakars, Al-Badrs and Al-Shams (who were
mostly members of the Muslim League and other Islamist groups), as well as other Bengalis who
opposed independence, and Bihari Muslims who had settled during the time of partition. On 17
April 1971, a provisional government was formed in Meherpur District in western Bangladesh
bordering India with Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who was in prison in Pakistan, as President, Syed
Nazrul Islam as Acting President, Tajuddin Ahmed as Prime Minister, and General Muhammad
Ataul Ghani Osmani as Commander-in-Chief, Bangladesh Forces. As fighting grew between the
occupation army and the Bengali Mukti Bahini, an estimated 10 million Bengalis sought refuge
in the Indian states of Assam and West Bengal. Bangladesh forces command was set up on 11
July, with Col. M. A. G. Osmani as commander-in-chief (C-in-C) with the status of Cabinet
Minister, Lt. Col., Abdur Rabb as chief of Staff (COS), Group Captain A K Khandker as Deputy
Chief of Staff (DCOS) and Major A R Chowdhury as Assistant Chief of Staff (ACOS). Bengali
conventional forces would occupy lodgment areas inside Bangladesh and then the Bangladesh
government would request international diplomatic recognition and intervention. Initially
Mymensingh was picked for this operation, but Gen. Osmani later settled on Sylhet. Sending the
maximum number to guerrillas inside Bangladesh as soon as possible with the following
objectives. Increasing Pakistani casualties through raids and ambush. Cripple economic activity
by hitting power stations, railway lines, storage depots and communication networks. Destroy
Pakistan army mobility by blowing up bridges/culverts, fuel depots, trains and river crafts. The
strategic objective was to make the Pakistanis spread their forces inside the province, so attacks
could be made on isolated Pakistani detachments. Bangladesh was divided into eleven sectors in
July, each with a commander chosen from defected officers of the Pakistani army who joined the
Mukti Bahini to conduct guerrilla operations and train fighters. Most of their training camps
were situated near the border area and were operated with assistance from India. The 10th Sector
was directly placed under the Commander in Chief (C-in-C) General M. A. G. Osmani and
included the Naval Commandos and C-in-C's special force. Three brigades (11 Battalions) were
raised for conventional warfare; a large guerrilla force (estimated at 100,000) was trained. Three
brigades (eight infantry battalions and three artillery batteries) were put into action between July
and September. During June and July, Mukti Bahini had regrouped across the border with Indian
aid through Operation Jackpot and began sending 2000–5000 guerrillas across the border, the so-
called Monsoon Offensive, which for various reasons (lack of proper training, supply shortage,
lack of a proper support network inside Bangladesh) failed to achieve its objectives. Bengali
regular forces also attacked BOPs in Mymensingh, Comilla and Sylhet, but the results were
mixed. Pakistani authorities concluded that they had successfully contained the Monsoon
Offensive, which proved a near-accurate observation.

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Guerrilla operations, which slackened during the training phase, picked up after August.
Economic and military targets in Dacca were attacked. The major success story was Operation
Jackpot, in which naval commandos mined and blew up berthed ships in Chittagong, Mongla,
Narayanganj and Chandpur on 15 August 1971. Bangladeshi conventional forces attacked border
outposts. Kamalpur, Belonia and the Battle of Boyra are a few examples. 90 out of 370 BOPs fell
to Bengali forces. Guerrilla attacks intensified, as did Pakistani and Razakar reprisals on civilian
populations. Pakistani forces were reinforced by eight battalions from West Pakistan. The
Bangladeshi independence fighters even managed to temporarily capture airstrips at Lalmonirhat
and Shalutikar. Both of these were used for flying in supplies and arms from India. Pakistan sent
another five battalions from West Pakistan as reinforcements.

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4.13. Surrender and aftermath
On 16 December 1971, Lt. Gen A. A. K. Niazi, CO of Pakistan Army forces located in East
Pakistan signed the Instrument of Surrender. At the time of surrender only a few countries had
provided diplomatic recognition to the new nation. Over 93,000 Pakistani troops surrendered to
the Indian forces & Bangladesh Liberation forces, making it the largest surrender since World
War II. Bangladesh sought admission in the UN with most voting in its favor, but China vetoed
this as Pakistan was its key ally. The United States, also a key ally of Pakistan, was one of the
last nations to accord Bangladesh recognition. To ensure a smooth transition, in 1972 the Simla
Agreement was signed between India and Pakistan. The treaty ensured that Pakistan recognized
the independence of Bangladesh in exchange for the return of the Pakistani PoWs. India treated
all the PoWs in strict accordance with the Geneva Convention, rule 1925. It released more than
93,000 Pakistani PoWs in five months. Further, as a gesture of goodwill, nearly 200 soldiers who
were sought for war crimes by Bengalis were also pardoned by India. The accord also gave back
13,000 km2 (5,019 sq. mi) of land that Indian troops had seized in West Pakistan during the war,
though India retained a few strategic areas, most notably Cargill (which would in turn again be
the focal point for a war between the two nations in 1999). This was done as a measure of
promoting "lasting peace" and was acknowledged by many observers as a sign of maturity by
India. However, some in India felt that the treaty had been too lenient to Bhutto, who had
pleaded for leniency, arguing that the fragile democracy in Pakistan would crumble if the accord
was perceived as being overly harsh by Pakistanis.

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 Chapter 5: Conclusion
The liberation war of 1971 is the event, through which Bangladesh could come forward as a
nation-state and as an independent nation. By the liberation war, Bangladesh changed its identity
to make itself free from two of imperial powers- British and Pakistanis. By this event,
Bangladesh got its independence. So, the liberation war is the most important event in the history
of Bangladesh. So “aguner poroshmoni” movie made with the liberation situation in Bangladesh
1971. Aguner Poroshmoni is a 1994 film based on the novel of the same name written and
directed by Humayun Ahmed.

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 Reference
1. Aguner Poroshmoni title;(2016). Wikipedia. Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aguner_Poroshmoni
2. Kaberi Gayen;(2015). French Journal for Media Research. Retrieved from
http://frenchjournalformediaresearch.com/docannexe/file/478/women_pdf.pdf
3. Bangladesh Liberation War title;(2012). Wikipedia. Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War#Language_controversy
4. Bangladesh War of Independence title;(2016). New world encyclopedia. Retrieved
from
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Bangladesh_War_of_Independence

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