Conversation Circles

1. Introduce yourself
Introduction
Introducing oneself is a vital social skill. Begin by stating your name and where you
are from.. This helps create an initial connection. Sharing a bit about your hobbies,
interests, or profession can spark further conversation. Maintaining eye contact and
speaking with clarity portrays confidence. Remember to have a genuine smile, as it's
universally welcoming. The art of introduction lies in balancing information about
yourself while showing curiosity about the other people in the group.

a. Introduce yourself. Take 3 minutes to talk about yourself.

Tell us your name, where you work, job title, where you live, something unusual
about you
b. What works best for you to learn languages?
reading, listening, self talk, shadowing, peer work, writing grammar
exercises, videos
c. What websites, applications that you have used to learn and practice
languages?
d. What questions you have about the conversation circles?
e. Give two topics that you would like to discuss in these conversations.
f. Share a negative experience you have had while learning a language.
g. Share a positive experience that you have had while learning a language.
h. What is your favorite word in English?
i. Why do you want to improve your English?
j. Do you speak any other languages?
k. Have you made progress in English lately? Explain.
l. When are you most comfortable when you speak English? Least comfortable.
m. Do you understand native speakers?
n. What is the most difficult part of English for you?
o. Are you satisfied with your accent in English?
p. Do you understand and use slang or are you more comfortable with standard
English?
q. Are you satisfied with your level of academic English?
r. Do you think in English? If so, give an example.
s. Do you use subtitles when you watch video in English?
t. Do you listen to music in English? If so, what types of music and does it help your
understanding of English?
u. Do you translate literally from Spanish?
v. Can you distinguish different accents in English?
w. Have you travel abroad and have had to speak English?
x. Have you had experiences speaking English on the telephone?
y. What are your goals and expectations for this English program?

More information - TED Talk Video - If you want to achieve your goals, don't

focus on them
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2PP3p4_4R8

2. The role of technology in modern education

Introduction
Today, technology has changed education a lot. It helps teachers teach and students
learn better. Computers and apps make learning fun. Virtual classes and online
resources help people learn from far away. Teachers can also use technology to make
lessons special for each student. But it's important to use technology just enough, so
students also learn in old-fashioned ways and talk to each other. This way, everyone
gets the best of both worlds.

Video https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=loFL5gT_m8I

Questions
a. How has technology changed the way students learn compared to a decade ago?
b. What are some advantages of using technology in the classroom?
c. Are there any disadvantages to relying heavily on technology for education?
d. How can technology help students with different learning styles succeed in their
studies?
e. What role do online courses and video lectures play in your education?
f. Do you think traditional textbooks will eventually be replaced by digital resources?
Why or why not?
g. How has the use of computers and tablets affected students' writing skills?
h. Can technology make education more accessible to people in remote areas or with
disabilities? How?
i. What's your opinion on the use of educational apps and gamified learning
platforms?
j. How do you think teachers can strike a balance between using technology and
traditional teaching methods?
k. Do you find that technology sometimes distracts you from learning? How can this
be managed?
l. Are there any subjects that you think are better taught with technology, while
others are not?
m. What are your thoughts on virtual reality and augmented reality in education?
n. How has the availability of online resources impacted the way you conduct
research for your studies?
o. Can online exams and assessments accurately measure a student's knowledge
and skills?
p. Are there any concerns about privacy and security when using technology in
education?
q. Do you think students today are more or less engaged in their studies due to
technology?
r. Should coding and programming be part of the standard curriculum due to the
increasing role of technology in our lives?
s. How do you envision the future of education with continued technological
advancements?
t. What's your personal experience with online learning platforms, and how do they
compare to traditional classrooms?

Activity – Listening with cloze

https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1176771630

a. Fill in the blanks with the missing words.

even if you download herself acknowledge the you

As we come to the close of our show, Found In Translation, we want to

_______________________ [1] that people usually say lost in translation to refer to all
_______________ [2] nuances that get missed when you try to express yourself in a language
not your own because learning a new language can be daunting. And ________________ [3]
though you can just ____________________ [4] an app these days to translate things for you,
Lydia Machova says there are good reasons to keep learning new languages. And it's actually not
that hard ______________ [5] _______________ [6] discover the method that works best for
you. Lydia ___________________ [7] speaks nine languages. Here she is on the TED stage
acknowledge [1] the [2] even [3] download [4] if [5] you [6] herself [7]

b. Fill in the blanks with the missing words.

fluency in achieving foreign language learning and speaking of it one

I love ____________________ [1] ___________________ [2] languages. In fact, I love it so

much that I like to learn a new language every two years. When people find that out about me,
they always ask me, how do you do that? What's your secret? And to be honest, for many years,
my answer would be, I don't know. I simply love learning languages. But people were never
happy with that answer. They wanted to know why they are spending years trying to learn even
one language, never _____________________ [3] ___________________, [4]
_______________ [5] here I come, learning _______________ [6] language after another. They
wanted to know the secret of polyglots - people who _________________ [7] a lot
______________ [8] languages. And that made me wonder, too, how do, actually,
_________________ [9] polyglots do ______________? [10] What do we have in common? And
what is it that enables us to learn languages so much faster than other people?

learning [1] foreign [2] achieving [3] fluency [4]

and [5] one [6] speak [7] of [8] other [9] it? [10]

More information - TED Talk Video - The Role of Technology in Education

https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=s46sn-qPrRc

3. Language learn tools and websites

Introduction
The Internet has changed how we learn languages. We can now learn online at our
own speed. There are many websites and apps with lessons and fun activities. We
can also talk with people from different countries to practice. Watching videos and
reading articles in the language we're learning helps too. But we need to be careful
and choose good websites. There are so many options, but if we pick the right ones,
we can learn a lot and enjoy it!
Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUd4ddnSIjE

Resources
https://eresources.eli.lsa.umich.edu/home-page/
Duolingo.com – gamified site for learning languages
https://www.youtube.com/@hadar.shemesh
Anki – create and use previously created flashcards
Quizlet.com – create and use previously created flashcards
npr.org – free radio from the USA with downloadable podcasts
Archive.org – many text, audio and video resources
Scribd.com – downloadable text resources
learningenglish.voanews.com - free radio from the USA with downloadable podcasts
ivoox.com – site for searching for downloadable podcasts
Chrome – translate Spanish news in to English
pdf2go.com - create searchable PDF file from image PDF file
chat.openai.com
paste news article from text, ask chatgpt to create questions
Voice Control for ChatGPT - extension for Chrome and Edge to speak to chatgpt
Language Reactor – control subtitles for Netflix and Youtube
CNN - listen online edition.cnn.com/audio
VPN – paid app to obtain access to sits in other countries
manythings.org – contains many useful activities to practice English
Meetup.com – a site to practice languages in small groups on Zoom
Conversationexchange.com – a site to find language partners
TED Talks -https: //www.youtube.com/channel/UCAuUUnT6oDeKwE6v1NGQxug

Questions
a. How can you find reliable language learning websites on the internet?
b. What are some popular online platforms for learning languages?
c. Are there any free websites that offer interactive language lessons?
d. How do you know if a language learning app or website is suitable for your level?
e. Can you recommend any websites that provide grammar explanations and
exercises?
f. Are there online communities where you can practice speaking with native
speakers?
g. What are some effective ways to use social media for language learning?
h. How can I make the most of language exchange websites to practice with native
speakers?
i. Are there any online tools that can help me improve my pronunciation?
j. What are podcasts, and how can they help me enhance my language skills?
k. Are there any YouTube channels dedicated to teaching languages with subtitles?
l. How can you find online reading materials to improve your vocabulary and
comprehension?
m. Are there websites that offer live online group lessons for practicing speaking?
n. What role do online quizzes and exercises play in language learning?
o. Can you suggest some websites that offer practice tests for language proficiency
exams?

Activity - Listening with cloze

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3RpTz3hbY3o

Read the text

Siri, can you tell me a knock knock joke? Okey dokey. "Knock knock". Who's there? "Ariana
Grande". Ariana Grande who? "Okay, Boomer."

Do you understand jokes in English? Understanding jokes in English can be challenging,

because sometimes it relates to the culture or history, and sometimes it's very focused on the
language. And if you don't have a strong grasp of all the elements of the language, then it might
be a little hard or confusing to understand. So in this video, I wanted to share a few language-
related jokes and explain them so that we can laugh together, and also for you to start
understanding how to think about jokes.

I came up for this idea for this video because recently I interviewed Luke from Luke's English
Podcast. And on the video, he shared a joke. "And a couple of people came in late. And, uh... and
I sort of, you know, had to deal with that. And I said, 'Oh, you know, you're a bit late. Anyway,
come in. Where are you from?' And they said, 'We're Russian'. And I said, 'Well, you weren't
rushing to come here, were you?'" The joke is a pun and it's a play on language.
Fill in the blanks with the missing words

I uh that podcast is where strong relates for

Siri, can you tell me a knock knock joke? Okey dokey. "Knock knock". Who's there? "Ariana
Grande". Ariana Grande who? "Okay, Boomer." Do you understand jokes in English?
Understanding jokes in English can be challenging, because sometimes it
___________________ [1] to the culture or history, and sometimes it's very focused on the
language. And if you don't have a __________________ [2] grasp of all the elements of the
language, then it might be a little hard or confusing to understand. So in this video,
_____________ [3] wanted to share a few language-related jokes and explain them so
________________ [4] we can laugh together, and also _______________ [5] you to start
understanding how to think about jokes. I came up for this idea for this video because recently I
interviewed Luke from Luke's English ___________________. [6] And on the video, he shared a
joke. "And a couple of people came in late. And, ______________... [7] and I sort of, you know,
had to deal with that. And I said, 'Oh, you know, you're a bit late. Anyway, come in.
_________________ [8] are you from?' And they said, 'We're Russian'. And I said, 'Well, you
weren't rushing to come here, were you?'" The joke ______________ [9] a pun and it's a play on
language.

relates [1] strong [2] I [3] that [4] for [5] Podcast [6] uh... [7] Where [8] is [9]

More Information – 500 Days of Duolingo: What You Can (and Can’t) Learn

From a Language App

https: //www.nytimes.com/2019/05/04/smarter-living/500-days-of-duolingo-what-you-
can-and-cant-learn-from-a-language-app.html

4. Challenges and strategies for effective flipped teaching

Introduction
Flipped teaching, also known as the "flipped classroom," involves a reversal of
traditional teaching dynamics. Instead of spending class time on lectures, students
engage with the course material before the class through pre-recorded videos,
readings, or online resources. Classroom time is then devoted to interactive
discussions, problem-solving, and collaborative activities, allowing students to delve
deeper into the subject matter and seek clarifications directly from you, the experts.
Flipped teaching has its advantages and challenges.

Activity
Match the expression with a synonym
1. Teaching a. Learning space
2. Classroom b. Tasks
3. Lectures c. Conversations
4. Students d. Pupils
5. Course material e. Instruction
6. Discussions f. Educational content
7. Activities g. Presentations

Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quoTkqgavlY

Flipped teaching at the university level offers several advantages:

a. Active Learning: Students engage with materials before class, allowing for more
interactive discussions and activities during in-person sessions.

b. Flexibility: Students can review content at their own pace, catering to diverse
learning styles and schedules.

c. Enhanced Understanding: Pre-class engagement helps students arrive better

prepared, leading to deeper understanding of complex concepts.

d. Critical Thinking: In-class activities promote higher-order thinking skills as

students apply their knowledge to real-world scenarios.

e. Peer Interaction: Collaborative tasks foster peer-to-peer learning and diverse

perspectives among students.

f. Direct Professor Interaction: Class time focuses on clarifications and in-depth

discussions, allowing professors to address questions and provide expert insights.

g. Engagement: Interactive sessions make learning more engaging, reducing the

risk of passive learning and disinterest.
h. Personalized Support: Instructors can identify individual challenges and offer
tailored guidance, improving student success.

i. Preparation for Future Learning: Flipped teaching cultivates self-directed learning

skills that are valuable beyond the classroom.

j. Technology Integration: This approach encourages the use of digital tools for both
content delivery and collaboration.

Flipped teaching at the university level also presents certain challenges:

a. Access and Equity: Students' access to technology and resources can vary,
potentially creating disparities in pre-class preparation.

b. Time Management: Students need to effectively manage their time to complete

pre-class assignments, which may be challenging with heavy workloads.

c. Student Engagement: Some students might not fully engage with pre-class
materials, affecting the quality of in-class discussions.

d. Content Quality: Developing high-quality pre-class materials requires time and

expertise to ensure effective learning.

e. Resistance to Change: Both students and professors might resist transitioning

from traditional teaching methods.

f. Preparation: Professors need to thoroughly prepare in-class activities and be ready

to address a wide range of questions.

g. Technological Issues: Technical difficulties with online resources or devices can

disrupt the learning process.

h. Assessment: Creating assessments that align with flipped teaching can be

challenging, ensuring they accurately measure understanding.

i. Feedback: Providing timely feedback on pre-class assignments and in-class

activities can be demanding.

j. Faculty Training: Professors may require training to effectively implement flipped

teaching and use related technology.

Questions
a. Have you tried implementing flipped learning in your courses? If so, how did it go?
b. What motivated you to explore flipped learning as a teaching method?
c. How do you ensure that students engage with pre-class materials effectively in
flipped learning?
d. What challenges have you encountered while implementing flipped learning, and
how did you overcome them?
e. Can you share any specific strategies you use to facilitate interactive discussions
during in-class sessions in flipped learning?
f. How do you assess and measure the success of flipped learning in terms of student
comprehension and engagement?
g. What technological tools or platforms do you find most effective for delivering pre-
class materials in flipped learning?
h. How do you address the varying levels of student preparation when they come to
in-person sessions in flipped learning?
i. In your experience, how does flipped learning impact students' critical thinking
abilities compared to traditional teaching methods?
j. Have you noticed any differences in student satisfaction and motivation between
flipped learning and traditional approaches?
k. What advice would you give to professors who are considering implementing
flipped learning for the first time?
l. How do you strike a balance between in-class activities and pre-class materials in
flipped learning to optimize learning outcomes?
m. Have you encountered any resistance from students or colleagues to the concept
of flipped learning? How did you handle it?
n. Can you provide examples of creative in-class activities that you've used in the
context of flipped learning?
o. How does flipped learning align with the overall educational goals and objectives of
your department or institution?
p. Do you think flipped learning is more effective for certain subjects or disciplines
compared to others? Why?
q. What strategies do you employ to ensure that students who may struggle with self-
directed learning succeed in a flipped learning environment?
r. How do you manage the additional workload that might come with developing pre-
class materials and interactive in-class sessions for flipped learning?
s. What feedback have you received from students regarding their experiences with
flipped learning?
t. How do you address the concerns of students who might prefer traditional lecture-
based learning over flipped learning?
u. How has your role as a professor evolved in a flipped learning environment,
particularly in terms of facilitating discussions and interactions?
v. Can you share any research or studies that support the effectiveness of flipped
learning in higher education?
w. What role does collaboration and sharing best practices among colleagues play in
improving the implementation of flipped learning?
x. How do you maintain a sense of community and connection among students in a
flipped learning setup, given the reduced traditional lecture time?
y. What adjustments have you made to your flipped learning approach based on
feedback from students or your own observations?
z. How do you see the future of flipped learning evolving in higher education, and
what potential challenges might arise as it becomes more widely adopted?

Activity
Match the expression with a synonym
1. Engage a. Nurture
2. Review b. Examine
3. Cater c. Encourage
4. Help d. Involve
5. Promote e. Deal with
6. Foster f. Accommodate
7. Address g. Assist

More information - Flipping the Classroom at Columbia University

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=se6lXpnSaA0

5. Working with gifted students.

Introduction
Teaching gifted students presents both opportunities and challenges. These students
possess exceptional talents and abilities that require nurturing to reach their full
potential. To effectively engage them, educators should offer enriched and varied
learning experiences that cater to their advanced capabilities. However, it's
important to strike a balance, as these students might require additional support in
social and emotional development. Tailoring lessons to their interests while fostering
a supportive classroom environment can help gifted students thrive academically and

emotionally.

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3gXI1HFcbY
Questions
a. How do I identify gifted students?
b. What is the best way to differentiate instruction for gifted students?
c. How can I keep gifted students engaged and motivated?
d. How can I address the social and emotional needs of gifted students?
e. What resources are available for teaching gifted students?
f. How do I balance the needs of gifted students with those of the rest of the class?
g. What strategies can I use to challenge gifted students without overwhelming
them?
h. How do I communicate with parents of gifted students?
i. Are there specific teaching approaches that work well for gifted students?
j. What should I do if a gifted student finishes assignments quickly?
k. How do I address underachievement among gifted students?
l. Are there specific strategies to foster critical thinking and creativity in gifted
students?
m. How can I create a positive classroom environment that celebrates diversity,
including different levels of giftedness?
n. Are there any professional development opportunities related to gifted education?
o. What should I do if a gifted student becomes bored or disinterested in the
classroom material?

Activity
America slang – match each question with the equivalent in America slang.
1. What resources are available for a. How can I set up a cool classroom vibe
teaching gifted students? for these talented kids?
2. How do I identify gifted students? b. What kinda goodies can we tap into to
3. How can I keep gifted students teach those brainy whiz-kids?
engaged and motivated? c. How can I spot the real geniuses in the
4. How can I create a positive classroom crowd?
environment for these students? d. Are there any tricks to boost deep
5. Are there specific strategies to foster thinking and out-of-the-box ideas?
critical thinking and creativity? e. How do I keep the brainiacs pumped
 up and in the zone?

Activity

Study these words

Hangman
Teaching Students Opportunities Challenges Abilities Lessons Environment

https://www.hangmanwords.com/play/custom?
g=VGVhY2hpbmclMEFTdHVkZW50cyUwQU9wcG9ydHVuaXRpZXMlMEFDaGFsbGVuZ2VzJTB
BQWJpbGl0aWVzJTBBTGVzc29ucyUwQUVudmlyb25tZW50

More Information - 16 Tips for Teaching Gifted Students

https: //classful.com/16-tips-for-teaching-gifted-students/

6. Balancing research and teaching responsibilities

Introduction
In the academic realm, striking a balance between research and teaching
responsibilities presents a significant challenge. Educators are tasked with not only
delivering quality lessons but also contributing to the advancement of knowledge
through research. This dual role demands effective time management and
prioritization. While teaching engages students and imparts essential knowledge,
research fosters innovation and academic growth. However, finding equilibrium is
crucial, as excessive focus on either aspect can hinder professional development.
Navigating this delicate balance requires strategic planning and continuous
adaptation, ensuring that both teaching and research flourish harmoniously within
the academic landscape.

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfGbyW6fs5w

Questions

Research and Teaching Balance:

a. How do you currently manage the balance between your research and teaching
duties?
b. What aspects of your work do you find more challenging: research or teaching?
Why?
Time Management:
a. Can you share any effective time management strategies you use to handle both
research and teaching tasks?
b. How do you prioritize your research projects and teaching commitments during a
busy semester?

Collaborative Opportunities:
a. Have you ever collaborated with other colleagues on research or teaching
projects? How did that impact your workload and performance?
b. In what ways can collaboration with other professors help you achieve a better
balance between research and teaching?

Student Engagement:
a. How do you ensure that your research activities positively influence your teaching
methods and engage your students?
b. Can you share an example of how you integrate your research experiences into
your teaching content?

Continuous Learning:
a. As a professor, how do you stay up-to-date with the latest research trends while
also fulfilling your teaching responsibilities?
b. Are there any specific tools or resources you find helpful for staying informed
about advancements in your field?

Support System:
a. What kind of institutional support or resources do you think would help you
manage your research and teaching responsibilities more effectively?
b. How can department heads or university administrators assist professors in
maintaining a healthy balance?

Flexible Approaches:
a. How can you adapt your research projects or teaching methods to create a more
flexible schedule that accommodates both roles?
b. Are there any unconventional approaches you've considered for balancing your
research and teaching?

Reflection and Feedback:

a. How often do you reflect on your teaching and research experiences to identify
areas for improvement or adjustment?
b. What role can feedback from students and colleagues play in maintaining
equilibrium between research and teaching?
Long-Term Goals:
a. Where do you see yourself in terms of research and teaching balance in the next 5
years? What steps will you take to achieve that balance?

Work-Life Integration:
a. How do you ensure that your dedication to your career doesn't negatively impact
your personal life and well-being?
b. Can you share any personal anecdotes or tips for achieving a harmonious balance
between work and personal life?

Impact on Students:
a. How do you believe a balanced approach to research and teaching positively
affects the quality of education your students receive?

Activity
https://www.npr.org/2019/10/02/766568824/uncovering-a-huge-mystery-of-college-
office-hours
Fill in the blanks with the missing words

Washington a college one questions smartest used

Many students show up for college and find it is a whole different world than the one they are

____ [1] to, especially low-income students or those whose parents didn't go to college. For many,

it can feel like there's _ [2] hidden set of rules. Here's NPR's Elissa Nadworny of NPR's Life Kit

team with some help to sort out ___ [3] of the biggest mysteries of college, that scary thing called

office hours.

ELISSA NADWORNY: Ask just about any _______ [4] student.

ANIAH WASHINGTON: Office hours are the most intimidating thing that I think anyone told me

about.

ELISSA NADWORNY: Aniah __________ [5] is a sophomore at Amherst College in Massachusetts.

And when she first got to campus, professors, they were the ________[6] people she'd ever seen.

And this idea that she was just going go in and talk to them, ask _________[7]

used[1] a[2] one[3] college[4] WASHINGTON[5] smartest[6] questions[7]

More Information - Tips to balance teaching and research activities
https: //www.timeshighereducation.com/campus/tips-balance-teaching-and-research-
activities

7. Balancing work and personal life.

Introduction
Finding the right balance between work and personal life is important nowadays. It
can be hard to manage both. We need to make time for our job and also for things we
enjoy outside of work. Getting this balance right helps us feel better and do well in
our job. Work gives us money and a sense of achievement. Personal time helps us
relax and spend time with loved ones. To make this balance work, we should plan our
time well and know when to stop working. This way, we can have a happy and
complete life.

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=Igtu698JN9o

Questions
a. How can I effectively manage my teaching, research, and administrative
responsibilities without sacrificing personal time?
b. What strategies can help me establish clear boundaries between work and
personal life?
c. How do other professors in academia successfully balance their professional and
personal commitments?
d. Are there time management techniques specific to academia that can help
maintain a healthy work-life balance?
e. How can I prioritize my own well-being while meeting the demands of academic
work?
f. What are some effective ways to communicate my availability to colleagues and
students without feeling constantly on-call?
g. How do I handle the guilt or pressure I feel when taking time off for personal
reasons?
h. Are there specific periods during the academic year when it's more appropriate to
focus on personal matters?
i. What are some strategies for managing stress and avoiding burnout in academia?
j. How can I delegate tasks or responsibilities to others without feeling like I'm
shirking my academic duties?
k. Are there efficient ways to streamline administrative tasks to free up more time for
personal activities?
l. How do I create a schedule that allows for regular exercise, hobbies, and quality
time with loved ones?
m. Can you share examples of successful professors who have managed to excel in
their careers while maintaining strong personal lives?
n. What role can technology play in helping me find a better balance between work
and personal activities?
o. How can I navigate the pressure to constantly publish and advance my research
career while also enjoying personal pursuits?
p. Are there any university policies or resources that support faculty in achieving a
healthy work-life balance?
q. How do I handle last-minute academic commitments that conflict with my personal
plans?
r. What strategies can I use to prevent over committing to too many academic
projects or responsibilities?
s. How do I address the expectations from colleagues or supervisors that might affect
my work-life balance choices?
t. What are some ways to reconnect with my passions outside of academia and
reignite my personal interests?

Activity
Listen to the audio and fill in the blanks
https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1174272228

North about do fire if living other this work

So there's nothing wrong with loving what you do for a ______, also nothing wrong with being a
hard worker. But what about __ you find yourself working all the time at the cost of _____ things
in your life? Psychotherapist Bryan Robinson speaks of struggling with ____ problem himself
when he was a professor at the University of _____ Carolina. And he told me that he has found
that fighting ____ addiction just doesn't work.
BRYAN ROBINSON: That's like fighting the ____ department when your house is on fire. You add
stress. Think _____ that. You don't fight yourself. You bring compassion to it. How __ you bring
compassion to the part of you that wants to ____ day and night instead of fight it?

Original Text
So there's nothing wrong with loving what you do for a living, also nothing wrong with being a
hard worker. But what about if you find yourself working all the time at the cost of other things in
your life? Psychotherapist Bryan Robinson speaks of struggling with this problem himself when
he was a professor at the University of North Carolina. And he told me that he has found that
fighting work addiction just doesn't work.

BRYAN ROBINSON: That's like fighting the fire department when your house is on fire. You add
stress. Think about that. You don't fight yourself. You bring compassion to it. How do you bring
compassion to the part of you that wants to work day and night instead of fight it?

More Information - How to make work-life balance work

https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdpIKXLLYYM

8. Steven Krashen – linguist

Introduction
Steven Krashen is a linguist known for his language acquisition theories. His main
ideas include:

1. Input Hypothesis: Language is acquired when we understand messages slightly

above our current level (i+1).

2. Monitor Model: We use our language "monitor" to edit and correct our output,
based on learned rules.

3. Natural Order Hypothesis: Certain grammatical structures are acquired in a

predictable sequence.

4. Affective Filter Hypothesis: Emotional factors like motivation and anxiety can
affect language acquisition.

5. Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis: We acquire language naturally through

exposure, while learning occurs through conscious study.
Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=V--eu2d10Cg

Questions
a. What is the main focus of Steven Krashen's language theories?
b. How does the Input Hypothesis relate to language learning?
c. Can you explain the concept of "i+1" in Krashen's Input Hypothesis?
d. What role does the "monitor" play in Krashen's Monitor Model?
e. How does the Natural Order Hypothesis describe the learning of grammar?
f. What does Krashen mean by the "affective filter" in language acquisition?
g. How can motivation affect language learning, according to Krashen?
h. What's the difference between "acquisition" and "learning" in Krashen's theories?
i. Can you give an example of the "silent period" mentioned by Krashen?
j. What are some criticisms of Krashen's theories?
k. How do Krashen's theories relate to immersion language programs?
l. Does Krashen believe that explicit grammar instruction is useful?
m. How does Krashen's emphasis on input align with real-life language use?
n. Can the affective filter theory explain why some people are more confident
language learners?
o. Does Krashen's theory support using authentic materials for language learning?
p. How does Krashen's work differ from other approaches to language learning?
q. According to Krashen, how might a low affective filter impact language
acquisition?
r. Does Krashen's work seem reasonable to you?
s. How might Krashen's theories be applied in a classroom setting?
t. Can you provide examples of activities that would align with Krashen's theories?

More Information - Stephen Krashen theory on second language acquisition

https: //www2.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/siteassets/district/curriculum/esol/cpd/
module2/docs/krashenFINALtext.pdf
9. Sports, Physical Activities
Introduction
Sports and physical activities play a crucial role in one's life, offering a range of
physical, mental, and social benefits. Engaging in these activities helps maintain a
healthy body and contributes to overall well-being. It enhances cardiovascular
fitness, muscle strength, and coordination. Moreover, physical activities promote
mental resilience by teaching goal-setting, discipline, and handling both victory and
defeat. Beyond personal gains, participating in these activities fosters social
connections, teamwork, and communication skills. It's a source of stress relief and
boosts self-confidence. In essence, the significance of physical activities lies in its
impact on individuals, promoting a balanced and fulfilling lifestyle.

Activity
Classify the sports as team sports individual sports or sports that can be both.

Running Swimming Cycling Tennis Golf Boxing Martial Arts Gymnastics

Archery Skiing Snowboarding Surfing Rock Climbing Soccer Basketball
Volleyball Rugby American Football Ice Hockey Cricket Field Hockey
Water Polo Lacrosse Baseball Softball

Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wWGulLAa0O0

Questions
a. What's your favorite sport to watch and why?
b. Have you ever played any team sports? Which ones?
c. Do you prefer indoor or outdoor sports? Why?
d. Are you a fan of any particular sports team? Which one?
e. Have you ever attended a live sports event? How was it?
f. Do you think sports are important for staying healthy? Why?
g. What's the most popular sport in your country?
h. Have you ever tried a sport that you didn't like? Which one?
i. What sports do you think are the most challenging? Why?
j. Are there any sports you're interested in learning to play?
k. Have you ever won a sports competition or received a medal?
l. What's the best sports-related memory you have?
m. Do you follow the Olympics or any other international sports events?
n. How do you feel about extreme sports like skydiving or bungee jumping?
o. Are there any sports you used to play but stopped? Why?
p. Do you think professional athletes are good role models? Why or why not?
q. What's your opinion on the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports?
r. How do you think technology has impacted sports over the years?
s. Are there any sports you find boring or uninteresting? Why?
t. Do you prefer individual sports or team sports? Why?
u. What's your take on the commercialization of sports?
v. Have you ever had an injury related to sports?
w. What's the most unusual or unique sport you've heard of?
x. Do you think schools should prioritize sports education more?
y. What's your view on sportsmanship and fair play in sports?
z. How do you think sports can bring different cultures together?

More Information - WHO Sport for Health Programme

https: //www.who.int/initiatives/sports-and-health

10. Reading to learn English

Introduction
Linguist Steven Krashen emphasizes the vital role of reading in second language
learning. He believes that through extensive reading, learners are exposed to a
variety of vocabulary, sentence structures, and language patterns. This exposure
leads to natural language acquisition, mirroring the way children learn their first
language. Krashen's input hypothesis suggests that comprehensible input, such as
reading materials slightly above the learner's current proficiency level, is crucial for
language development. By immersing oneself in meaningful content, readers can
enhance their language skills, expand their vocabulary, and improve overall language
comprehension, aligning with Krashen's belief in the power of extensive reading for
effective language acquisition.

Information
https: //www.coerll.utexas.edu/methods/modules/reading/03/
Questions
a. Do you enjoy reading in English? Why or why not?
b. What types of reading materials do you find most helpful for improving your
English?
c. How often do you read in English? Is it a regular habit for you?
d. Do you prefer reading physical books or digital content for language learning?
Why?
e. Have you ever tried reading English books that were originally written for native
speakers? How did you find it?
f. Are there any specific genres of books or topics that you like to read in English?
Why?
g. Do you use a dictionary while reading in English? How often do you look up words?
h. How do you choose reading materials that are appropriate for your current English
level?
i. Do you take notes while reading in English? If so, how does it help you?
j. What strategies do you use to understand the main ideas of a text in English?
k. How do you deal with difficult vocabulary while reading? Any tips to share?
l. Have you ever read books that were both in English and your native language side
by side? Did it help?
m. Do you read aloud in English? How does it contribute to your language learning?
n. How do you improve your reading speed without sacrificing comprehension?
o. Are there any English language websites, blogs, or online articles you enjoy
reading?
p. Do you discuss the books or articles you've read with others? How does it enhance
your learning?
q. How do you know if a book or article is too easy or too difficult for your current
level?
r. What do you do when you encounter cultural references or idiomatic expressions
you don't understand while reading?
s. Do you set goals for your reading practice in English? What kind of goals do you
set?
t. How has reading in English influenced your vocabulary and language usage?
u. Are there any specific authors or writers whose works you enjoy reading in
English?
v. Do you find it helpful to read books that include exercises or comprehension
questions?
w. How do you stay motivated to read in English, especially when the material
becomes challenging?
x. Have you ever reread a book or article in English? How did your understanding
improve?
y. Do you prefer reading fiction or non-fiction in English? Why?
z. Can you share a reading strategy that has significantly helped you improve your
English skills?

More Information
https: //www.teyl.org/article5.html

11. Motivation in language learning

Introduction
Motivation is a driving force in language learning. When someone is motivated, they
are more likely to engage actively, practice regularly, and persist through challenges.
There are two main types of motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation
comes from within, fueled by personal interest, enjoyment, and a sense of
accomplishment. Extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, comes from external
factors like rewards, grades, or social approval. Cultivating intrinsic motivation is
important for long-term success in language learning, as it leads to a genuine desire
to communicate and understand, making the learning process more enjoyable and
effective. Setting achievable goals, finding interesting materials, and connecting with
the culture of the language can all boost motivation and contribute to a positive
language learning experience.

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=l57XikZUURU

Questions
a. Why do you think motivation is important in language learning?
b. Can you share an experience where your motivation helped you in learning a new
language?
c. What factors do you think can affect a person's motivation to learn a language?
d. How can setting goals improve your motivation to learn a language?
e. Have you ever faced a lack of motivation while learning a language? How did you
overcome it?
f. What role do you think a teacher plays in motivating language learners?
g. Do you believe that personal interests and hobbies can influence your motivation
in language learning? Why or why not?
h. How can celebrating small achievements in language learning keep you
motivated?
i. Have you ever used rewards or incentives to boost your motivation in language
learning? Did it work?
j. Can you give examples of how a supportive learning environment can enhance
motivation?
k. How does having a positive attitude affect your motivation in language learning?
l. What impact can social interactions and language exchange have on your
motivation to learn a new language?
m. Do you think that learning about the culture of a language can increase your
motivation? Why or why not?
n. How can tracking your progress in language learning help in maintaining your
motivation?
o. Can you compare the differences in motivation when learning a language for
travel versus learning it for academic purposes?
p. What are some strategies you use to stay motivated when faced with challenging
aspects of a language?
q. How does the fear of making mistakes influence your motivation to use a new
language?
r. In your opinion, does age play a role in how motivated someone is to learn a
language? Why or why not?
s. Have you ever been inspired by someone who is bilingual or multilingual? How did
it impact your motivation?
t. How does the availability of language learning resources and materials affect your
motivation?
u. Can you share any tips for staying motivated in the long-term process of language
learning?

Activity
Put the lines of the conversation in between Marti and Carlos in logical order.

1._____Marti: Nice, Carlos. One final question,. Do you have a favorite English word?
2._____Carlos: First, I set small daily goals, like learning new words.
3._____Marti: After that I think of my dream to travel.
4._____Carlos: Next, I chat with native speakers online to build confidence.
5._____Marti: Thanks for all the ideas, Carlos. Let's keep motivating each other!
6._____Carlos: Yes, "adventure" - it keeps me excited about the journey!
7._____Marti: Carlos, how do you stay motivated when learning English?
8._____Marti: Good idea, daily goals. What's next?
9._____Carlos: Native speakers, wow. That's great, Carlos. And after that?

One possible solution

Carlos, how do you stay motivated when learning English?

Carlos: First, I set small daily goals, like learning new words.
Marti: Good idea, daily goals. What's next?
Carlos: Next, I chat with native speakers online to build confidence.
Marti: Native speakers, wow. That's great, Carlos. And after that?
Carlos: After that I think of my dream to connect with people through English.
Marti: Nice, Carlos. One final question,. Do you have a favorite English word?
Carlos: Yes, "adventure" - it keeps me excited about the journey!
Marti: Thanks for all the ideas, Carlos. Let's keep motivating each other!

More information – Lazy learning

https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7q2bjk_m-M

12. Mexican culture and cultural activities in Mexico

Introduction
Traditional cultural activities in Mexico are diverse and meaningful, providing a
glimpse into the core of this lively country. From vibrant celebrations to captivating
dances and detailed crafts, these activities reveal the strong traditions and values of
Mexican society. Events like Day of the Dead show the mix of indigenous and Spanish
influences, creating special traditions. Dance styles like the graceful Folklorico
express the rhythm and emotion of Mexican culture. Additionally, the skill seen in
handmade textiles, pottery, and folk art reveals a deep link to heritage and art.
Activity
Use these words to complete the crossword puzzle

Activities Celebrations Dances Crafts Traditions

Mix Influences Styles Textiles Events

https://crosswordlabs.com/view/cultural-activities-2

Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fd8X6OCbaDQ

Questions
a. What are some traditional Mexican dances and their significance?
b. How does the celebration of Day of the Dead reflect Mexican culture?
c. What role does mariachi music play in Mexican society?
d. Can you describe the significance of the quinceañera celebration?
e. What are some popular Mexican festivals and their origins?
f. How do Mexicans celebrate Christmas and other religious holidays?
g. What are the main ingredients and dishes in Mexican cuisine?
h. How is the art of muralism linked to Mexico's cultural identity?
i. What traditional crafts are famous in Mexico, and why?
j. How do Mexican families typically spend their weekends and holidays?
k. What role does Lucha Libre (Mexican wrestling) play in popular culture?
l. What is the significance of pre-Hispanic ruins and archaeological sites in Mexico?
m. How do Mexicans celebrate Independence Day?
n. Can you explain the importance of the Virgin of Guadalupe in Mexican culture?
o. What are some traditional games or recreational activities enjoyed in Mexico?
p. How is traditional Mexican clothing, like sombreros and ponchos, still relevant
today?
q. What is the significance of the Mayan and Aztec calendars in Mexican culture?
r. How do Mexican communities celebrate regional traditions and local events?
s. What types of folk art and crafts are specific to different regions of Mexico?
t. How has Mexican cinema and telenovelas influenced global entertainment?
Activity
Complete the conversation between Roberto, a Mexican student and Lautaro, a
Chilean student.

Roberto: Hello, Lautaro! How are you?

Lautaro: Hi, Roberto! I'm good, thank you. Hey Roberto, I want to learn about the Day
of the Dead in Mexico. Can you tell me more about it?
Roberto: Of course! _____________________________________________________________
Lautaro: How do you celebrate it? _______________________________________________
Roberto: There are many ways to celebrate it, __________________________________
Lautaro: That sounds interesting! What kind of food is involved?
Roberto: ________________________________________________________________________
Lautaro: And what do you do during these days?
Roberto: ____________________________________________________________________
Lautaro: What a beautiful tradition! Are there parades or something like that?
Roberto: ____________________________________________________________________

More Information - How L.A.’s culinary roots lie in its Mexican tradition
https: //news.usc.edu/202459/how-l-a-s-culinary-roots-lie-in-its-mexican-tradition/

13. American English Slang

Introduction
For English as a Second Language (ESL) students, understanding slang is a
fascinating and sometimes challenging aspect of language learning. Slang, informal
words and phrases used in everyday conversations, adds color and depth to
language proficiency. While learning proper grammar and vocabulary is essential,
grasping slang expressions can help students communicate more naturally with
native speakers. However, navigating slang requires caution, as its usage can vary
based on context and culture. Balancing the acquisition of both formal and informal
language skills equips ESL learners to engage confidently in various social situations,
fostering a well-rounded command of the English language.

Activity
Slang quiz
https://quizlet.com/819046763/flashcards?funnelUUID=545a2c13-bc39-48c8-a362-1a6fe6b1ddbb
Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=JfMOfxMOHBU

Examples
a. Hey, what's up?
b. Wanna grab a bite later?
c. I'm totally down for that plan.
d. No worries, take your time.
e. Dude, you won't believe what happened!
f. Let's catch a movie or something.
g. Ugh, Mondays are the worst, right?
h. That concert was epic, like seriously.
i. What a bummer.
j. So, like, I was saying...
k. He's, like, totally into video games.
l. I'm gonna crash early tonight.
m. Can't make it, got other stuff going on.
n. You're kidding, right? That's insane!
o. I'm all ears, spill the tea.
p. Gotta jet, see you later!
q. It's a no-brainer, go for it!
r. She's really nice, super easy to talk to.
s. Long time no see! How've you been?
t. Alrighty, I guess that's settled then.

Questions
a. Have you ever heard the phrase "broke" used in slang? What does it mean?
b. What's the slang meaning of "chill" or "chill out"?
c. Can you give me an example of how to use the slang word "dude"?
d. Do you know what "hangry" means? Have you ever felt hangry?
e. Have you encountered the term "LOL" in informal communication? What does it
stand for?
f. What's the difference between "cool" and "lit" in slang? Can you use them in
sentences?
g. Do you use the word "selfie" in your language? What does it mean in English?
h. Have you heard the slang term "FOMO" before? What does it stand for?
i. What's the meaning of "throw shade" in slang? Can you think of an example?
j. Have you ever used the word "bff" to refer to someone? What does it mean?
k. How would you explain a slang phrase to someone who's not familiar with it?
l. What's the slang definition of "hang out"? Can you use it in a sentence?
m. Can you provide an example of how "sick" is used in slang to mean something
positive?
n. Have you encountered the term "gnarly"? What does it mean?
o. What's the slang meaning of "lit" ? Can you give an example?
p. Do you know what "ROFL" stands for? When would you use it in a conversation?
q. How would you define the slang word "swag"? Can you use it in a sentence?
r. Have you ever used the term "YOLO"? When is it appropriate to use it?
s. What's the slang definition of "crash"? Can you provide a context for it?
t. If someone tells you that they are “stoked”, what are they telling you?

More information - Top 14 American Slang words

https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1Ge9NFSDyE

14. Relaxed and linked speech

Introduction
Using relaxed and linked English speech, often referred to as colloquial language,
adds a casual and friendly tone to conversations. It involves substituting words like
"wanna" for "want to," or "gonna" for "going to," making communication feel more
informal and natural. Expressions like "kinda" or "sorta" replace "kind of" or "sort of,"
making sentences sound less rigid. While these informal phrases are common in
everyday dialogue, it's essential to know when and where to use them appropriately,
as they might not be suitable in formal settings. Relaxed speech fosters a sense of
connection and familiarity, reflecting the way people interact in relaxed social
situations.

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMCT6VigUuo

Here are some examples of relaxed and linked speech in English.

a. "wanna" instead of "want to": I really wanna go to the beach this weekend.
b. "gonna" instead of "going to": I'm gonna meet up with some friends later.

c. "kinda" instead of "kind of": It's kinda chilly outside, isn't it?

d. "cuz" instead of "because": I can't make it today, cuz I have a meeting.

e. "y'know" or "ya know" instead of "you know": Y'know, I've always wanted to try

skydiving.

f. "sorta" instead of "sort of": That movie was sorta funny, but not that great.

g. "lemme" instead of "let me": Lemme know if you need any help with your

homework.

h. "gotcha" instead of "got you": I'll meet you at the coffee shop, gotcha.

i. "ain't" instead of "isn't" or "aren't": Ain't it amazing how fast time flies?

j. "freakin'" or "friggin'" instead of "freaking" or "fricking": That was a freakin'

awesome concert!

k. "dunno" instead of "don't know": I dunno if I'll be able to make it to the party.

l. "coulda" instead of "could have": I coulda finished that project sooner if I had more

time.

m. "shoulda" instead of "should have": She shoulda called me back by now.

n. "woulda" instead of "would have": I woulda gone to the game if I knew it was

today.

o. "outta" instead of "out of": I'm running outta patience with this situation.

p. "tryna" instead of "trying to": I'm tryna finish this book before the weekend.

q. "whatcha" instead of "what are you" or "what do you": Whatcha gonna do this

weekend?

r. "hafta" instead of "have to": I hafta finish this report before I can leave.

s. "needa" instead of "need to": I really needa get some groceries.

t. "gimme" instead of "give me": Gimme a moment, I'll be right with you.

Video
https://youtu.be/gAHUTKm_1n0
Questions
a. Do you often use casual phrases like "wanna," "gonna," or "kinda" in your

conversations?

b. How do you feel about using slang expressions like "lemme" instead of "let me"?

c. Are there any colloquial terms you find confusing when others use them?

d. What are some situations where it's appropriate to use relaxed speech?

e. Do you think using relaxed speech helps build rapport in social interactions?

f. Have you ever misunderstood someone because they were using informal

language?

g. What's your opinion on using "ain't" instead of "isn't" or "aren't"?

h. Are there certain situations where you avoid using relaxed speech to maintain

professionalism?

i. How comfortable are you with using contractions like "could've" instead of "could

have"?

j. Do you find it easier to communicate when you use casual language with friends?

k. Are there any phrases you think are overused in relaxed speech?

l. Have you ever used slang expressions unintentionally in a formal situation?

m. Do you think using relaxed speech helps you connect with native speakers better?

n. What's your approach to using informal language when writing emails or

messages?

o. How often do you encounter new slang words or expressions in your

conversations?

p. What are some slang expressions you've learned recently and found interesting?

q. Are there specific TV shows, movies, or songs that have helped you understand

relaxed speech better?

r. Have you ever been corrected by a native speaker for using relaxed speech

inappropriately?

s. Do you think using casual language is more common in spoken English than in

written English?
t. How do you decide when to use formal language and when to use relaxed speech

in different contexts?

Activity

Answer the true or false questions

1. The goal of learning English pronunciation is to sound exactly like a native English
speaker.

2. The goal of learning English pronunciation is to understand other English

speakers, and to be easily understood.

3. English is sometimes difficult to understand because Americans speak fast.

4. English is sometimes difficult to understand because Americans connect words

and change sounds when they speak.

5. English speakers use connected speech because they want to make themselves
difficult to understand.

6. English speakers use connected speech because it allows them to speak

efficiently and with rhythm.

7. When we speak, we connect the final consonant of a word to the vowel of the next
word. For example: “drop it” sounds like “dro-pit.”

Activity
Practice the conversations in relaxed speech. Remember to change the /t/ sound to a
/d/ sound when the /t/ sound is between two vowels. Also try dropping the g/ in ing
words like going. Change /you/ to /ya/.

1. a. I’m going go to a party on Saturday. Do you want to come?

b. No, thanks. I got a lot of homework to do.
2. a. What are you doing?
b. I’m writing a letter to my aunt. She doesn’t use email.
3. a. Would you like butter on your toast or just jam?
b. Just a little butter, please.
4. a. Did you meet the new boss?
b. No, I’m meeting her this afternoon.
5. a. Would you like water or soda to drink?
 b. Just a water bottle, please, but with a lot of ice.
6. a. Could you get the door please?
b. Wait a minute.

More information - The Secret to Understand Fast-Speaking Natives:

Connected Speech
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=FPXqVKgZuJU

15. Music and language learning

Introduction
Using music as a tool for language learning is both enjoyable and effective. Songs
offer catchy melodies and repetitive lyrics that help reinforce vocabulary and
pronunciation. Listening to music exposes learners to natural language patterns and
colloquial expressions, aiding in comprehension. Singing along enhances speaking
skills and rhythm, fostering confidence. Additionally, exploring songs in different
genres broadens cultural understanding. Whether practicing alone or in a group,
music makes language acquisition engaging and memorable. So, next time you're
learning a language, consider adding some tunes to your study routine for a fun and
useful experience.

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlXPdOuNU3Q

Questions
a. Do you often listen to English songs to improve your language skills?
b. What types of music genres do you find most helpful for language learning?
c. Have you ever tried singing along to English songs to improve your pronunciation?
d. How do you choose songs that match your current language level for learning?
e. Can you recall a specific song that taught you a new English word or phrase?
f. Do you think listening to music helps you remember vocabulary more effectively?
g. Have you ever used song lyrics to practice your reading skills and comprehension?
h. What challenges do you face when understanding slang or idioms in song lyrics?
i. Have you ever tried translating song lyrics into your native language to understand
them better?
j. Do you believe that listening to music in English has improved your listening skills?
k. How does the rhythm and melody of songs contribute to your language learning
experience?
l. Have you ever tried writing your own song lyrics in English as a language exercise?
m. Do you think listening to music helps you learn about the culture and lifestyle of
English-speaking countries?
n. Have you found any artists or bands that you particularly enjoy listening to for
language practice?
o. Do you use music as a way to practice English when you're not actively studying?
p. Have you ever watched music videos with subtitles to enhance your language
comprehension?
q. How do you balance using music as a learning tool with other language learning
methods?
r. Have you attended concerts or live performances in English-speaking countries to
immerse yourself in the language?
s. Do you find it easier to remember phrases or expressions from songs compared to
traditional studying?
t. How do you incorporate music into your daily routine for language practice?

Activity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQHsXMglC9A
Fill in the missing words.
http://l.georges.online.fr/tools/cloze.html

Hello, it's me
I was wondering if after all these years you'd like to meet
To go over everything
They say that time's supposed to heal ya, but I ain't done much healing
Hello, can you hear me?
I'm in California dreaming about who we used to be
When we were younger and free
I've forgotten how it felt before the world fell at our feet
There's such a difference between us
And a million miles
Hello from the other side
I must've called a thousand times
To tell you I'm sorry for everything that I've done
But when I call, you never seem to be home
Hello from the outside
At least I can say that I've tried
To tell you I'm sorry for breaking your heart
But it don't matter, it clearly doesn't tear you apart anymore

More information - Learn a language while listening to music

https: //polyglotclub.com/help/language-learning-tips/music-to-learn-languages

16. Your Friend, the Phrasal Verb

Introduction
Phrasal verbs, a crucial aspect of English, combine verbs with prepositions or
adverbs, forming unique meanings. Understanding their nuances can be challenging,
but it's essential for effective communication. Learning phrasal verbs involves
grasping their idiomatic nature, as the combination often differs from the sum of
individual parts. Context plays a key role in deciphering meanings. Engaging with
these expressions in conversations, reading, and listening helps solidify
comprehension. Though tricky, mastering phrasal verbs adds depth to language
skills, allowing learners to express themselves naturally and fluently in a variety of

situations

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7tZSwasnR0

Questions
a. How often do you encounter phrasal verbs in your English learning journey?
b. Do you think phrasal verbs are more challenging than regular verbs? Why or why
not?
c. Can you share an example of a phrasal verb you've recently learned and how you
use it?
d. What strategies do you use to remember the meanings of different phrasal verbs?
e. Are there any phrasal verbs that you find particularly confusing or difficult to
understand?
f. Have you noticed any patterns or rules when it comes to the meanings of phrasal
verbs?
g. How important do you think it is to understand phrasal verbs for everyday
conversations?
h. Do you think watching movies or TV shows with subtitles helps you grasp phrasal
verbs better?
i. Have you ever used flashcards or other techniques to practice phrasal verbs?
j. Are there any resources, like books or websites, that you find helpful for learning
phrasal verbs?
k. Have you ever mistaken the meaning of a phrasal verb in a conversation? What
happened?
l. Do you feel more confident in using phrasal verbs in writing or speaking?
m. How do you think learning phrasal verbs can improve your overall English
language skills?
n. Are there any situations where you prefer to use regular verbs over phrasal verbs,
or vice versa?
o. Have you ever used mnemonics or visual aids to remember phrasal verbs?
p. Do you find it easier to learn phrasal verbs by focusing on their context in
sentences?
q. How do you react when native speakers use multiple phrasal verbs in a single
sentence?
r. Can you share an experience where understanding a phrasal verb helped you in a
real-life situation?
s. Do you think incorporating phrasal verbs in your daily language practice is
essential for progress?
t. What advice would you give to someone who's struggling with learning phrasal
verbs?

More information – Phrasal verbs

https: //www.grammarly.com/blog/common-phrasal-verbs/

17. Using Artificial Intelligence apps to learn English

Introduction
Using an artificial intelligence chat bot to learn English can be a fun and effective way
to improve your language skills. Here are some steps you can take:

1. Conversational Practice: Engage in conversations with an artificial intelligence

chat bot. Start with simple topics and gradually move on to more complex ones. This
will help you practice your reading, writing, and comprehension skills.
2. Grammar and Vocabulary: Ask the artificial intelligence chat bot questions
about grammar rules, vocabulary usage, and sentence structure. You can learn a lot
by asking for explanations and examples related to specific grammar points.
3. Writing Practice: Write paragraphs or short essays and ask the artificial
intelligence chat bot to review and provide feedback. It can help you identify errors
and suggest improvements.
4. Reading Comprehension: Provide the artificial intelligence chat bot with a
passage or article and ask questions about its content. This will help you improve
your reading comprehension and learn new words.
5. Idioms and Phrases: Ask about common English idioms, phrases, and
expressions. Learning these will make your language usage more natural and native-
like.
6. Cultural Insights: Engage in discussions about English-speaking cultures. This
can help you understand not only the language but also the context in which it's
used.
7. Pronunciation and Listening: While the artificial intelligence chat bot doesn't
have audio capabilities, you can still use it to practice typing sentences and
paragraphs. You can also use external resources, like language learning apps and
websites, to work on your listening and pronunciation skills.
8. Language Exercises: Create language exercises for yourself. For instance, give
the artificial intelligence chat bot a sentence with a missing word and ask it to
complete the sentence. This can help reinforce vocabulary and sentence structure.
9. Ask for Corrections: If the artificial intelligence chat bot provides you with a
response that seems incorrect, ask it to correct itself. This can be a useful way to
verify your own understanding and learn from mistakes.
10. Consistency is Key: Regular practice is crucial. Set aside dedicated time each
day to interact with the artificial intelligence chat bot and learn new aspects of the
English language.
11. Explore Different Topics: Don't limit yourself to specific topics. Engage in
conversations about various subjects to expand your vocabulary and knowledge.
12. Use Diverse Prompts: Instead of just asking questions, try providing prompts
in different formats: write a story, describe an image, summarize a paragraph, etc.
This will help you practice language in various contexts.
Questions
a. Have you tried using an artificial intelligence chat bot to improve your English
skills?
b. What kind of conversations do you usually have with the chat bot to learn English?
c. Do you find it helpful to practice grammar with the chat bot's assistance?
d. Can you share a conversation topic you've discussed with the chat bot recently?
e. How often do you interact with the chat bot as part of your language learning
routine?
f. Have you asked the chat bot for tips on improving your pronunciation?
g. What's the most interesting idiom or phrase you've learned from the chat bot?
h. Have you ever had the chat bot correct a mistake in your writing? How did it help
you?
i. Do you think using a chat bot helps you build your vocabulary effectively?
j. Have you used the chat bot to practice your reading comprehension with texts it
generates?
k. Can you share a piece of advice the chat bot has given you about learning English?
l. What are some creative ways you've used the chat bot to enhance your language
skills?
m. Have you ever challenged the chat bot to have a conversation on a difficult topic?
n. How does using a chat bot differ from traditional language learning methods
you've used?
o. Have you discovered any cultural insights through conversations with the chat bot?
p. What's the funniest response you've received from the chat bot while learning
English?
q. How has the chat bot helped you feel more confident in using English in real-life
situations?
r. Have you tried describing an image to the chat bot as a language exercise?
s. Can you think of a time when the chat bot helped you understand a grammar rule
better?
t. What strategies do you use to keep your interactions with the chat bot engaging
and effective?
u. Have you ever used the chat bot to simulate a debate or discussion in English?
v. How do you balance using the chat bot with other methods of language practice?
w. What do you think the chat bot does particularly well in terms of language
instruction?
x. Have you recommended the use of an artificial intelligence chat bot to your friends
for learning English?
y. Can you share a success story where the chat bot significantly improved a specific
language skill for you?

Activity
https://www.qlanguage.com.hk/english-word-stress-rules/

https://youtu.be/efNSXTGkAsE

Sometimes AI speech is sounds artificial and does not have the correct syllable stresses.

Look at the syllable stresses Find the syllable stresses

english: EN-glish request:
communication: com-mu-ni-CA-tion develop:
understanding: un-der-STAND-ing promote:
idiomatic: id-i-O-mat-ic complain:
comprehension: com-pre-HEN-sion explain:
context: CON-text continue:
expressions: ex-PRES-sions different:
include:

re-QUEST
de-VEL-op
pro-MOTE
com-PLAIN
ex-PLAIN
con-TIN-ue
DIF-fer-ent
DIF-fi-cult
in-CLUDE

More information
https: //onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcal.12610
18. Language partners
Introduction
In the exciting journey of language learning, having a language partner by your side
can be incredibly beneficial. A language partner is someone who shares their native
language with you while you reciprocate with your own. This mutual exchange
creates a dynamic and engaging environment where both partners can practice
speaking, listening, and understanding the language. It's a fantastic way to enhance
your conversational skills, gain cultural insights, and build lasting friendships.
Whether through face-to-face interactions or online platforms, a language partner
offers a practical and enjoyable avenue to accelerate your language proficiency and

broaden your horizons.

Video
https: //turbolangs.com/en-gb/language-exchange/

Questions
a. Have you ever had a language partner before? How was your experience?
b. What motivated you to find a language partner to learn English?
c. How often do you usually interact with your language partner?
d. What methods do you use to communicate with your language partner? (Online, in
person, etc.)
e. What aspects of the English language do you focus on when practicing with your
partner?
f. How do you structure your language exchange sessions with your partner?
g. Have you noticed any improvements in your English skills since starting with a
language partner?
h. Do you and your language partner follow any specific study materials or topics
during your sessions?
i. What challenges have you faced while learning with a language partner, and how
have you overcome them?
j. How do you balance speaking and listening while practicing with your partner?
k. Have you learned any new cultural insights from your language partner?
l. What do you enjoy most about the language exchange experience?
m. Do you think having a language partner makes learning more enjoyable? Why?
n. How do you correct each other's mistakes during your language exchange?
o. Have you developed a friendship with your language partner outside of language
learning?
p. What tips would you give someone who is looking to find a language partner?
q. How do you manage your time to ensure consistent practice with your language
partner?
r. Have you ever felt nervous or shy when speaking with your language partner? How
do you handle those feelings?
s. What future goals do you have for your language exchange experience?
t. How would you describe the overall impact of having a language partner on your
English language skills?

More Information -

The Mixxer https: //www.language-exchanges.org/

Meetup https: //www.meetup.com/

Conversation Exchange https: //conversationexchange.com/

The secrets of learning a new language

https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_XVt5rdpFY

19. Time required to learn a language

Introduction
Starting on a journey to learn a new language is an exciting task that requires
patience and dedication. Many factors influence the time it takes to master a
language, such as its complexity, your previous language experience, and the effort
you invest. While some claim rapid fluency, it's essential to recognize that becoming
proficient is a gradual process. Setting realistic expectations and focusing on
consistent practice can lead to steady progress. Remember, every small step brings
you closer to your goal of confidently communicating in a new language, making the
journey as rewarding as the destination itself.

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSo1ehr0MFg

Questions
a. How long have you been learning English?
b. Do you think the time it takes to learn a language varies for different people?
c. What factors do you believe influence how quickly someone can learn a new
language?
d. Have you set a specific timeline or goal for achieving a certain level of proficiency
in English?
e. Do you find it challenging to estimate how long it will take you to become fluent in
English?
f. Have you noticed any differences in the time it takes to learn different languages?
g. How does your previous experience with learning languages affect your current
language learning timeline?
h. What strategies do you use to stay motivated throughout the language learning
process?
i. Are there any shortcuts or techniques you've discovered that help speed up
language acquisition?
j. How do you balance the desire for quick progress with the need for steady and
consistent practice?
k. What role does immersion play in speeding up the language learning timeline?
l. Have you ever felt frustrated by the time it takes to become proficient in a new
language? How do you cope with such feelings?
m. Do you think it's better to focus on learning quickly or on thoroughly
understanding the language?
n. How does the availability of language learning resources impact the time it takes
to learn a language?
o. What advice would you give to someone who wants to learn a language efficiently
in a relatively short time?
p. Have you experienced moments where you felt like you were making rapid
progress? What caused these moments?
q. How does the concept of "language learning plateau" relate to the time it takes to
become proficient?
r. What milestones or achievements do you use to track your language learning
progress over time?
s. How do you manage your time effectively to ensure consistent language practice?
t. Do you think having a language learning partner or community can impact the
speed of your progress?

Activity
Read the text and answer the questions.

There are many good ways to learn English faster. Here are some top tips:
Talk with native English speakers. This helps you learn how to pronounce words and
make sentences. It also helps you practice conversational English.

• Set reasonable goals that you can reach. This will help you stay motivated.
• Try to find a conversation exchange partner. A conversation partner can help
you learn culture also.
• Stay focused on your reasons for learning English. Think about why you want to
learn to stay motivated.
• Use English learning apps on your phone and computer. Apps can help you
learn anywhere and anytime. Good apps include dictionaries and focused
learning apps.

The key is to use different techniques like grammar, conversation, and apps.
Staying motivated by talking with native speakers and setting goals for yourself can
help you learn English faster

Questions
1. Do you use any of these tips?
2. Do you have any other tips to learn faster?
3. What role does reading play in your language study?

More information - How long does it take to learn a foreign language?

https: //www.studyandgoabroad.com/meaningful-travel/language-travel/long-does-
learn-foreign-language/#: ~: text=The%20next%20and%20most%20accurate,in

%20a%20new%20language%20fluently.

20. The cities of the future

Introduction
Step into the world of tomorrow's cities, where amazing changes are happening.
Advanced technology is making cities greener, more efficient, and nicer to live in.
Imagine buildings covered in gardens that clean the air, cars running on electricity,
and smart roads that control traffic. These cities are all about staying connected –
you can get quick healthcare help and move around easily with public transport. But,
there are also some challenges to face. We need to make sure everyone can enjoy
the benefits, and keep our personal information private. As we move forward, these
future cities want to blend technology with city life in a good way for everyone.
Web page
https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/cities-of-the-future

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=TG74dkrrE7I

Questions
a. How do you think future cities will look different from cities today?
b. What kind of technologies do you imagine will be used in cities of the future?
c. How might buildings in future cities be more environmentally friendly?
d. Do you think electric cars will become the norm in future cities? Why or why not?
e. How could smart roads make transportation better in future cities?
f. What are some benefits of having more green spaces in future cities?
g. How might technology help with waste management in future cities?
h. Do you think public transportation will be more accessible in the cities of the
future?
i. What role might artificial intelligence play in managing future cities?
j. How could future cities be designed to be more inclusive for people of all abilities?
k. What challenges could arise from the increased connectivity in future cities?
l. How might healthcare services be improved in the cities of the future?
m. What are some potential privacy concerns in technologically advanced cities?
n. Do you think everyone will have equal access to the benefits of future cities? Why
or why not?
o. How could future cities be more energy-efficient compared to today's cities?
p. What positive impacts could sustainable architecture have on future cities?
q. How might the concept of work and jobs change in cities of the future?
r. Do you think traditional markets and street vendors will still exist in future cities?
s. What recreational and leisure activities might be available in future cities?
t. How could smart home systems enhance daily life in future cities?
u. What role might renewable energy sources play in powering future cities?
v. How might urban farming contribute to the sustainability of future cities?
w. What are some potential downsides of relying heavily on technology in future
cities?
x. How could future cities ensure that citizens' voices are heard in decision-making
processes?
y. What steps could be taken to balance technological advancement with preserving
the culture and history of a city in the future?
More information – Modern cities
https: //www.eldesconcierto.cl/tendencias/2023/08/09/video-registro-muestra-como-
sera-the-line-la-ciudad-futurista-de-arabia-saudita.html

21. How and why did you choose your career?

Introduction
Choosing a career is a big decision we all have to make. It's like starting a journey
where our skills and what we like meet. People think about different things when they
decide. First, they think about what they enjoy doing. Also, they look at what they're
good at. Jobs that are stable and can grow are important too. Some like flexible
hours, while others want a set routine. Family and society can also influence choices.
In the end, picking the right career means finding what we love, what's practical, and
what others think, so we're happy and successful.

Activity
Match the jobs with their definitions.
1. ____ comedian a. researches environmentally friendly technologies
2. ____ green researcher b. helps students with their problems
3. ____ guidance counselor c. controls a company's brand online
4. ____ organic food farmer d. takes care of animals in captivity
5. ____ social media manager e. grows food without chemicals
6. ____ zookeeper f. makes people laugh for a living

Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T73Y8HcDNUE

Questions
a. What made you decide on your current career path?
b. How did you discover your interests and talents for your chosen career?
c. Did your family influence your career choice? If yes, how?
d. What do you enjoy most about your chosen profession?
e. Were there any challenges you faced while choosing your career?
f. How did you gather information about different career options?
g. Did you consider job stability when choosing your career? Why or why not?
h. What factors did you prioritize while making your career decision?
i. Were there any specific subjects in school that guided your career choice?
j. How does your current job align with your skills and strengths?
k. What steps did you take to explore different career paths before deciding?
l. Did you receive any advice from mentors or professionals in the field?
m. How did your personal interests contribute to your career decision?
n. What made you excited about the career you're pursuing?
o. Were there any childhood aspirations that influenced your career choice?
p. How do you see your chosen career evolving in the future?
q. What role did education play in shaping your career path?
r. Did you consider the potential income and growth opportunities in your field?
s. What do you think are the most rewarding aspects of your chosen career?
t. Did you ever think about pursuing a different career? Why or why not?
u. How do you balance your career choice with your personal life and hobbies?
v. Did you take any career assessments or tests to help you decide?
w. What do you wish you had known when you were choosing your career?
x. Did cultural or societal expectations influence your career decision?
y. How confident are you that you made the right career choice? Why?

Activity
Answer the questions
a. Which of the words are positive, which are negative
awful boring challenging dangerous difficult fantastic
frightening interesting rewarding fascinating

b. If you had to live your life over again, what career would you choose?

c. How your life would be different if you had chosen one of the follow professions.
Doctor Elementary Teacher Politician Lawyer Chef Architect
Activity
Chose the correct word
a. I'm interested in human behavior, so I'm planning to take a class in ____________.
(geography / psychology / math)
b. I want to take a course in _____________, such as commerce or accounting.
(education / business / social science)
c. I'd prefer not to study ___________ because I'm not very comfortable in hospitals.
(engineering / new media / nursing)
d. I'd really like to work in Information Technology, so I'm thinking of taking courses
in ____________________.
(computer science / finance / English)
More information – Career choice, follow your passion?
https: //www.cnbc.com/2021/01/13/biggest-mistake-young-people-make-when-
following-their-passion-career-expert-20-years.html

22. Differences Between Latin American Countries

Introduction
Welcome to the colorful world of Latin American countries, where cultures are
different and amazing. Each country has its own special traditions, languages, and
ways of doing things. From Mexico's lively festivals to Brazil's exciting music, every
place is unique. People speak different languages like Spanish, Portuguese, and
native languages. But it's not just about words – the food, clothes, and how people
act can be different too. The old traditions of indigenous people are also important
and passed on to new generations. These differences make Latin America a place full
of history, diversity, and unity.

Web page
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destination/south-america

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aft0tvjeci0&t=23s

Questions
a. What are some common languages spoken in Latin American countries?
b. How do the cuisines differ among various Latin American nations?
c. What similarities or differences do you notice in traditional clothing across Latin
America?
d. What are some well-known festivals celebrated in different Latin American
countries?
e. How does the geography vary among the countries in this region?
f. Are there any shared historical events that have shaped Latin American countries
differently?
g. What are the main religions practiced in various Latin American nations?
h. How do you think the education systems differ among Latin American countries?
i. Are there any distinct cultural dances or music genres associated with specific
countries?
j. How do social norms and customs differ among different Latin American cultures?
k. What are the economic differences between various Latin American countries?
l. Are there any famous landmarks or tourist destinations unique to certain countries?
m. How do political systems vary across Latin American nations?
n. What are some common challenges faced by countries in this region?
o. How does the climate differ among different Latin American countries?
p. Are there any shared values or beliefs that unite Latin American cultures?
q. How have indigenous cultures influenced the identities of different countries in
Latin America?
r. What role does art and literature play in reflecting the diversity of Latin American
countries?
s. How do family structures and traditions differ among various cultures in this
region?
t. Are there any regional organizations that promote cooperation among Latin
American countries?
u. How does the level of urbanization vary across different nations in Latin America?
v. What are the main sources of income and industries in various countries?
w. How do healthcare systems differ among Latin American nations?
x. Are there any languages unique to specific indigenous groups within Latin
American countries?
y. How has globalization impacted the cultural identity of different nations in this
region?

Activity
Continue the following stories.
1. Maria was very excited when her plane landed in Mexico City. She was going to
spend time in Mexico to learn about its culture.

2. Santiago got off the bus in Lima, Peru. He had a backpack and wanted to see the
ancient Inca sites.

3. Emily was in Costa Rica, lying in a hammock on a beautiful beach. She was so
happy to be there to explore and learn about nature.

4. Juan had a map in his hand in the busy streets of Buenos Aires, Argentina. He was
excited to try tango dancing and taste delicious food.

5. Ana was in the Amazon rainforest, amazed by the animals and plants. She was
studying biology and would spend a lot of time in Brazil's jungles to learn more
More Information - Differences Between Latin American Countries
https: //www.linkedin.com/pulse/fun-perplexing-cultural-differences-between-latin-
lopez-larraquy

23. Robots in the future

Introduction
Imagine the future, where robots become a big part of our lives. These machines are
no longer just in movies – they're becoming real. Robots can help at home and work,
doing things precisely and accurately. They might take on jobs that people used to
do. This can make things faster and safer. But there are also important things to think
about. How will robots affect jobs? What about making good choices? As we move
forward, we need to balance new ideas with being responsible. The future could bring
a world where humans and robots work together, opening up new possibilities.

Web page
https://www.rd.com/article/future-robots/

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSA5Bq-1fU4

Activity
Examine the following words about robots
Programming Actuators Feedback loop Algorithm
Degrees of freedom Robotics Sensors

https://quizlet.com/819278879/robots-flash-cards/?new

Questions
a. How do you think robots will change our daily lives in the future?
b. What tasks do you think robots could help us with at home?
c. Can you imagine a job that robots might do better than humans in the future?
d. How could robots improve safety in different industries?
e. Do you think robots might replace some jobs? Why or why not?
f. What kind of robots would you like to have at home in the future?
g. How might robots change the way we communicate with each other?
h. Are there any concerns about robots taking over human roles in society?
i. What positive impacts could robots bring to healthcare in the future?
j. How could robots assist people with disabilities or special needs?
k. Do you think there will be rules or laws to control how robots are used?
l. What are some ethical considerations when it comes to robots making decisions?
m. How might robots change the way we learn and get an education?
n. What role could robots play in emergency situations or disaster relief?
o. Are there any jobs that you think should always be done by humans, not robots?
p. How can we make sure that robots are programmed to follow moral values?
q. What skills or qualities do you think humans have that robots can't replace?
r. Could robots help us with environmental issues in the future? How?
s. What potential downsides might come from relying too much on robots?
t. How do you think people's attitudes towards robots might change over time?
u. Do you worry that robots could become too powerful or uncontrollable?
v. How might the relationship between humans and robots evolve in the future?
w. What are some ways that robots might help us explore and understand space?
x. Do you think there will be jobs related to building, maintaining, and repairing
robots?
y. How can we ensure that robots benefit everyone in society, not just a few?

More information - Chile: Pioneering the protection of neurorights

https: //en.unesco.org/courier/2022-1/chile-pioneering-protection-neurorights

24. Veganism and vegetarianism

Introduction
Explore the worlds of veganism and vegetarianism, where dietary choices are about
more than just food. These lifestyles both avoid eating meat, but they have different
ideas. Vegetarians don't eat meat but still have things like milk and eggs. Vegans
take it a step further and don't eat any animal products at all, like milk, eggs, and
things made from animals. People choose these ways of eating for different reasons,
like caring about animals or the planet, or for their own health. Some think that not
eating meat can help the world be kinder and better for everyone. As more people go
for these choices, food companies are making new things that don't use animals.
Whether it's about being kind to animals, staying healthy, or helping the
environment, both veganism and vegetarianism show that what we eat matters.
Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANUoAdXfA60

Questions
a. What might lead to the decision of adopting veganism/vegetarianism?
b. How does embracing a vegan/vegetarian diet impact eating habits?
c. Which types of foods are usually avoided in veganism/vegetarianism?
d. Is veganism/vegetarianism often considered challenging? If so, why?
e. Are there potential health benefits associated with a vegan/vegetarian diet?
f. What are commonly preferred sources of protein in veganism/vegetarianism?
g. How can situations with limited vegan/vegetarian options be managed?
h. From your perspective, what are the primary environmental advantages of
veganism/vegetarianism?
i. Have you been motivated to try veganism/vegetarianism?
j. How can essential nutrients be ensured in veganism/vegetarianism?
k. What misconceptions might surround veganism/vegetarianism?
l. How are inquiries about reasons for choosing veganism/vegetarianism typically
addressed?
m. Which go-to meals or snacks align with a vegan/vegetarian lifestyle?
n. Does adopting veganism/vegetarianism potentially influence perspectives on
animals and food?
o. How are plant-based products or meat substitutes perceived within
veganism/vegetarianism?
p. Are there instances of social challenges or criticism faced by those practicing
veganism/vegetarianism?
q. What guidance could be given to someone considering veganism/vegetarianism?
r. How does the actual experience of veganism/vegetarianism differ from initial
expectations?
s. Are there specific cultural or traditional foods relinquished in
veganism/vegetarianism?
t. How can family gatherings or events be approached when non-vegan/non-
vegetarian food is served?
u. What influence might veganism/vegetarianism exert on the food industry?
v. Have any new cooking techniques or recipes been discovered through embracing
veganism/vegetarianism?
w. Does the choice of veganism/vegetarianism potentially influence friends or family
members?
More information
https://vegan.com/info/what/

25. After effects of the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction
The after effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have left a significant impact on various
aspects of life. One noticeable change is in the way people work. Many companies
have embraced remote work, allowing employees to work from home, which offers
flexibility but also blurs the line between work and personal life. Additionally, the
pandemic has accelerated the adoption of online technologies for communication,
shopping, and entertainment. However, it has also highlighted the digital divide, with
some struggling to access these resources. Economically, businesses, especially
small ones, have faced challenges, leading to job losses and financial strain for many.
The pandemic's toll on mental health has been another concern, with feelings of
isolation and anxiety becoming more common. As societies recover, there's a
renewed emphasis on healthcare systems, preparedness for future crises, and the
importance of community support.

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=GddRH1EVcds

Questions
a) How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected the way people work?
b) What is remote work, and why has it become more common?
c) How has the pandemic changed the use of technology in daily life?
d) What is the digital divide, and how has it been highlighted during the pandemic?
e) How have businesses been impacted economically by the pandemic?
f) Have job losses been a common result of the pandemic's economic impact?
g) What challenges have small businesses faced during and after the pandemic?
h) How has the pandemic affected mental health on a broad scale?
i) What are some feelings people might experience due to pandemic-related
isolation?
j) Has anxiety become more prevalent due to the pandemic?
k) How do societies plan to recover from the pandemic's effects?
l) What aspects of healthcare systems are being emphasized post-pandemic?
m) Are communities more focused on preparedness for future crises now?
n) What are some ways communities are providing support to those affected by the
pandemic?
o) Are there positive changes that have come from the pandemic's aftermath?
p) What lessons have been learned from the COVID-19 pandemic?
q) How has the pandemic influenced people's perception of personal and work-life
balance?
r) What industries have thrived despite the challenges posed by the pandemic?
s) Are there any long-term effects of remote work on employees?
t) How has the education sector been impacted by the pandemic's aftermath?
u) What safety measures are being put in place to prevent future outbreaks?
v) Has international travel returned to normal after the pandemic?
w) How have people's spending habits changed due to the pandemic?
x) What support is available for individuals struggling with mental health aftereffects?
y) Are there any cultural changes that have arisen as a result of the pandemic?
z) How have government policies changed in response to the pandemic's effects?

Activity

Listen to the article and answer true or false.

https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1127361435

1. COVID-19 affected everyone's sense of time in the same way.

2. Ruth Ogden felt that time passed quickly during the lockdown.
3. Arthur Wade Young III noticed time moved slower at the beginning of the
pandemic.
4. The park near Ruth Ogden's home was accessible during the lockdown.
5. NPR's Yuki Noguchi shared her personal experiences during the pandemic in the
article.

More information - long-term societal impacts of COVID-19

https: //www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/publications/covid-decade-understanding-the-
long-term-societal-impacts-of-covid-19/
26. School abandonment
Introduction
School abandonment, also known as school dropout, refers to the unfortunate
situation where students leave their education prematurely before completing their
studies. This can have various negative consequences on both the individual and
society. When students abandon school, they miss out on valuable learning
opportunities and skills that are essential for their future careers. This often leads to
limited job prospects and financial struggles. Moreover, the lack of education can
hinder personal growth and development, making it difficult for individuals to reach
their full potential. On a broader scale, school abandonment can contribute to social
and economic disparities, as those who do not complete their education are more
likely to face challenges in accessing higher-paying jobs and contributing positively to
their communities. Efforts to prevent school abandonment include providing support
systems, addressing academic challenges, and promoting the importance of
education in shaping a successful future.

Video
https: //www.pbs.org/video/frontline-dropout-nation-preview/

Questions
a) What is school abandonment?
b) Why do some students abandon school?
c) What are the consequences of school abandonment?
d) How does school abandonment affect individuals?
e) How does school abandonment affect society?
f) Are there common reasons why students drop out of school?
g) What are some challenges that might lead to school abandonment?
h) How can schools help prevent students from dropping out?
i) Are there programs designed to address school abandonment?
j) Can financial issues contribute to school abandonment?
k) How does lack of parental support affect school abandonment?
l) What role does peer pressure play in school abandonment?
m) Are there differences in school abandonment rates between different regions?
n) Can emotional or mental health issues lead to school abandonment?
o) What are some strategies to motivate students to stay in school?
p) How can teachers identify students at risk of abandoning school?
q) Are there alternative education options for those who have abandoned school?
r) What is the impact of school abandonment on future employment?
s) Are there any success stories of students overcoming school abandonment?
t) How does school abandonment relate to social inequality?
u) What are some long-term effects of not completing education?
v) Can government policies help reduce school abandonment rates?
w) How can communities contribute to reducing school abandonment?
x) Are there cultural factors that influence school abandonment?
y) What role does technology play in addressing school abandonment?
z) How does school abandonment affect a person's self-esteem?

Activity

Andrea: Hi Catalina, have you seen the recent school dropout rates? It's __________. digital

Catalina: Yes, Andrea, it's quite __________, especially among students facing __________ financial
difficulties.
money
Andrea: True, it's sad to see how __________ can affect education. Any patterns you've
noticed? systems

Catalina: Definitely, disadvantaged students often struggle more to stay __________ concerning
school.
research
Andrea: Maybe we should reassess our support __________ and outreach programs.
technology
Catalina: Good idea, early help and personalized support could make a big __________.
change
Andrea: What about __________? Could it be making things worse?
in
Catalina: It's possible, the __________ divide might be part of the problem for some
students. difference

Andrea: We should collaborate on __________ to find solutions and advocate for worrisome
__________.
shot
Catalina: Absolutely, Andrea. Let's work to ensure all students get a fair __________ at a
good education.

More information - How Can Schools Engage Students

https: //www.nytimes.com/2023/03/13/learning/how-can-schools-engage-students-
who-are-at-risk-of-dropping-out.html

27. Organization and Time Management

Introduction
Organization and time management are essential skills that help individuals
efficiently manage their tasks and responsibilities. Being organized involves
arranging tasks, materials, and information in a structured manner, making it easier
to locate and utilize them. This skill prevents clutter and confusion, allowing for
smoother workflow. Time management, on the other hand, entails allocating time
effectively to different activities. By setting priorities and creating schedules,
individuals can make the most of their day. Effective time management reduces
stress and ensures that important tasks are completed in a timely manner. Both
organization and time management contribute to productivity, as they prevent
procrastination and reduce the likelihood of last-minute rushes. Developing these
skills involves creating to-do lists, setting goals, and adhering to a routine. Overall,
mastering organization and time management can lead to a more balanced and
successful life.

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=RiI1NkaDXlQ

Activity – Read the following text.

Time management is important for most people - especially at work. A survey found
89% of people waste time every day at their job. With cell phones, social media, and
emails distracting us, managing time well is hard. However, use these 6 tips to have
fewer distractions and be more productive at work:

1. Set reminders for all your tasks. Know your deadlines and set reminders 15
minutes before meetings or events so you can prepare.

2. Make a daily list of tasks to accomplish and note upcoming meetings or

deadlines. Check off tasks as you complete them.

3. Give each task on your list a time limit. If you don't finish, stop when the time
ends and come back to it later.

4. Block distractions. Turn off email notifications. Check email every 2 hours
instead of every 15 minutes. Minimize cell phones, social media, and online
shopping.

5. Create a routine at work that makes sense for your job. Stick to your routine so
you don't procrastinate. Routines can help lower stress.

6. Take breaks. Take short 5-10 minute breaks every hour. Breaks help you re-focus.
Questions
a) What is organization and why is it important?
b) How can being organized make daily tasks easier?
c) Are there specific methods for staying organized?
d) What are the benefits of managing time effectively?
e) How can good organization reduce stress?
f) What are the consequences of poor time management?
g) Can you explain the connection between organization and productivity?
h) What techniques can help in setting priorities?
i) How can someone develop better time management skills?
j) Are there tools or apps to assist with time management?
k) How does creating a schedule aid in time management?
l) Can you provide examples of short-term and long-term goals?
m) What role does discipline play in time management?
n) How can someone balance work, personal life, and leisure effectively?
o) Can organization and time management improve one's overall quality of life?
p) How do organization and time management relate to procrastination?
q) Are there cultural differences in approaches to organization and time
management?
r) What are the challenges in implementing effective time management?
s) How can someone handle unexpected tasks while sticking to a schedule?
t) Is multitasking an effective strategy for time management?
u) How do organization and time management differ in different life stages?
v) Are there benefits to using digital tools versus traditional methods for
organization?
w) Can someone with poor organizational skills improve over time?
x) How can someone maintain motivation for consistent time management?
y) What are the consequences of not setting realistic goals?
z) Can organization and time management help improve academic performance?

More information - 8 must-have time management and organizational skills

https: //www.timedoctor.com/blog/time-management-and-organizational-skills/

28. Books and Literature

Introduction
The role of literature and reading in second language learning is paramount. Reading
books, stories, and other forms of written material in a target language offers
learners valuable exposure to vocabulary, sentence structures, and cultural nuances.
It enhances language comprehension and boosts vocabulary acquisition. Literature

allows learners to see language used in context, improving their overall grasp of
grammar and idiomatic expressions. Moreover, reading exposes learners to diverse
writing styles and perspectives, helping them develop their own language skills and
writing proficiency.

Literature also offers a window into the culture and history of the language's native
speakers, fostering a deeper understanding of societal norms, values, and traditions.
It encourages critical thinking as learners analyze plots, characters, and themes.
Engaging with literary works creates a bridge between language learning and
personal enjoyment, making the learning process more enjoyable and effective.
Overall, literature and reading serve as invaluable tools for second language learners,
enriching both linguistic and cultural dimensions of their language acquisition
journey.

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0QbAEkWJxs

Questions
a) How does reading literature help improve second language skills?
b) What are the benefits of reading books in a second language?
c) Can reading literature enhance vocabulary acquisition?
d) How does reading expose learners to different sentence structures?
e) What cultural insights can be gained from reading in a second language?
f) Does reading literature help learners understand idiomatic expressions?
g) How does reading improve overall language comprehension?
h) Can reading literary works help with speaking and writing in a second language?
i) What is the connection between reading and grammar improvement?
j) How does reading diverse writing styles contribute to language learning?
k) What is the significance of understanding cultural nuances through literature?
l) How can literature encourage critical thinking in language learners?
m) What types of literary works are suitable for second language learners?
n) How can reading bridge the gap between language learning and personal
enjoyment?
o) Is reading literature in a second language more effective than textbooks?
p) Can reading literature accelerate the language learning process?
q) How does analyzing plots and characters in literature benefit language learners?
r) Are there any challenges when reading literature in a second language?
s) What is the relationship between reading and writing proficiency?
t) How does reading literature enhance pronunciation and intonation skills?
u) Can reading help learners become more fluent in conversations?
v) Are there specific strategies for effective language learning through literature?
w) What role does comprehension play when reading literature in a second language?
x) How can teachers incorporate literature into language learning lessons?
y) Does reading literature in a second language differ from reading in one's native
language?
z) Are there certain genres of literature that are more helpful for language learners?

More Information - Literature as a tool for language learning

https:
//www.teachingenglish.org.uk/professional-development/teachers/managing-
resources/articles/using-literature-introduction#: ~: text=Literary%20texts
%20offer%20a%20rich,structures%20and%20presenting%20new
%20vocabulary.

29. Education: Talking about educational experiences

Introduction
In schools, it's important to recognize that everyone has different educational
experiences. Each student comes from a unique background, possesses distinct
learning styles, and faces diverse challenges. These differences contribute to the
variety of experiences within the classroom. Some students might excel in certain
subjects while struggling in others, highlighting their individual strengths and
weaknesses. Moreover, factors such as cultural background, socioeconomic status,
and personal interests play a role in shaping educational experiences. Teachers strive
to create inclusive environments that accommodate these diversities, tailoring their
teaching methods to cater to various learning preferences. It's valuable to respect
these differences and foster an environment where all students can learn and grow
according to their own pace and capabilities. This recognition of individuality
enhances the overall educational journey and promotes a deeper understanding and
appreciation of diversity among students.
Activity – Find the synonyms
Word Synonym
1. diverse a) abilities
2. strengths b) limitations
3. weaknesses c) all-encompassing
4. inclusive d) choices
5. preferences e) instructional
6. educational f) encounters
7. experiences g) upbringing
8. background h) obstacles
9. challenges i) surroundings
10. environment j) customize
11. tailor k) admiration
12. appreciation l) varied

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2-HXLkqOq4
Questions
a) Why do students have varied educational experiences in schools?
b) How do students' backgrounds affect their educational experiences?
c) Can you give examples of different learning styles in a classroom?
d) What are some challenges that can make educational experiences different for
students?
e) How do individual strengths and weaknesses impact educational experiences?
f) Is it common for students to excel in some subjects and struggle in others?
g) How do cultural backgrounds influence educational experiences?
h) Are there differences in educational experiences based on socioeconomic status?
i) Do personal interests play a role in shaping educational experiences?
j) How can teachers accommodate different learning preferences in the classroom?
k) What is an inclusive classroom environment?
l) How does acknowledging diversity in educational experiences benefit students?
m) What is the role of pace and capabilities in educational experiences?
n) Can educational experiences impact students' self-esteem?
o) Are there specific teaching methods that cater to different learning styles?
p) How do students with learning disabilities experience education differently?
q) Are there instances where students' educational experiences become more
similar?
r) How can schools promote an understanding of diverse educational experiences?
s) Are there challenges in creating an inclusive classroom for all students?
t) What can students do to embrace and appreciate each other's differences in
learning?
u) Do teachers receive training to address diverse educational experiences?
v) How does individualized attention affect educational experiences?
w) Are there cultural differences in the approach to education around the world?
x) Can you provide examples of how technology influences educational experiences?
y) How can parents contribute to enhancing their children's educational experiences?
z) What is the role of extracurricular activities in shaping educational experiences?

More information - Inequality in Teaching and Schooling

https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK223640/

30. Discussing personal challenges and accomplishments.

Introduction
Discussing personal challenges and accomplishments is a valuable aspect of
communication that allows individuals to share their experiences, growth, and
emotions. When talking about challenges, people open up about obstacles they've
faced, such as difficult situations, setbacks, or struggles. Sharing these stories can
foster empathy and understanding, while also offering a chance to seek advice and
support from others who may have gone through similar experiences. On the other
hand, discussing accomplishments involves sharing achievements, successes, and
milestones. This can lead to feelings of pride, motivation, and inspiration for both the
speaker and the listener. Such conversations can strengthen relationships, as they
show vulnerability and authenticity. Overall, openly discussing personal challenges
and accomplishments helps create connections and contributes to personal and
interpersonal growth.

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_DuN9i53vA

Questions
a) Can you share a personal challenge you've overcome?
b) How did you feel when facing a difficult situation?
c) What strategies helped you deal with a challenging time?
d) Can you talk about an accomplishment that made you proud?
e) How did you achieve your most recent accomplishment?
f) What challenges did you encounter while working towards your goal?
g) How did your past challenges shape your approach to new ones?
h) Can you describe a time when you felt like giving up but persevered?
i) How did seeking support from others help you overcome a challenge?
j) What are some lessons you've learned from facing challenges?
k) Have your personal challenges influenced your future goals?
l) Can you share an accomplishment that surprised you the most?
m) How do you celebrate your achievements?
n) Did you have to make sacrifices to accomplish a goal?
o) Can you discuss a challenge that changed your perspective on life?
p) How does reflecting on past accomplishments motivate you?
q) Can you talk about a time when you helped someone overcome a challenge?
r) How does sharing personal challenges create connections with others?
s) What advice would you give to someone facing a similar challenge?
t) How do you stay motivated when working towards a goal?
u) Can you share an accomplishment that required teamwork?
v) How does acknowledging personal accomplishments boost self-confidence?
w) Can you discuss a time when your determination paid off?
x) How do you balance humility and pride when discussing accomplishments?
y) What are some positive outcomes that emerged from facing challenges?
z) Can you describe a challenge that led to unexpected personal growth?

More information – Overcoming challenges

https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=IOrmS8vJDQw

31. Social Media Impact

Introduction
Social media has become an integral part of modern life, profoundly impacting how
people connect, communicate, and interact. With platforms like Facebook, Instagram,
and Twitter, individuals from around the world can effortlessly stay in touch, share
their thoughts, and engage in conversations. Social media has transformed how news
and information spread, enabling rapid dissemination of updates and events. It has
also revolutionized business and marketing strategies, providing companies with
direct access to their target audiences. However, the impact of social media isn't
entirely positive. It has raised concerns about privacy, online bullying, and the
addictive nature of constant scrolling. People often curate their lives for online
display, which can contribute to feelings of inadequacy or comparison. The influence
of social media on mental health and well-being is an ongoing discussion. Ultimately,
while social media offers many benefits, it's essential to navigate it mindfully and
strike a balance between virtual and real-world interactions.

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ahGDGXJQQY

Activity
Hidalgoclass – pass word for jeopardylabs
https://jeopardylabs.com/play/social-media-1233

Questions
a) How has social media changed the way people communicate?
b) Can you give examples of popular social media platforms?
c) What benefits does social media bring to connecting with friends and family?
d) How does social media affect the spread of news and information?
e) What role does social media play in business promotion and marketing?
f) Are there any drawbacks to the constant use of social media?
g) Can you explain how social media impacts privacy concerns?
h) How does social media contribute to online bullying?
i) What are the effects of social media addiction on individuals?
j) How can someone use social media mindfully?
k) What are some positive aspects of curating one's life on social media?
l) Can you discuss the impact of social media on mental health?
m) What strategies can be used to manage the negative effects of social media?
n) How does social media influence self-esteem and self-image?
o) Are there cultural differences in the way people use social media?
p) How can someone strike a balance between virtual and real-world interactions?
q) What are the benefits of using social media for educational purposes?
r) How does the younger generation's use of social media differ from older
generations?
s) Can you provide examples of misinformation spreading on social media?
t) What are the effects of "cancel culture" on social media?
u) How can social media foster a sense of community?
v) How do businesses use influencers on social media for marketing?
w) What role does social media play in political discussions and activism?
x) Are there any regulations in place to control the impact of social media?
y) How can individuals build a positive online presence on social media?
z) Can you discuss the impact of social media on interpersonal relationships?

More information - Social media's growing impact on our lives

https: //www.apa.org/members/content/social-media-research

32. Discussing the role of food in different cultures and its

significance.
Introduction
Food holds a significant role in shaping the identity and traditions of diverse cultures
around the world. It goes beyond mere sustenance, reflecting historical, social, and
geographical influences. Different cultures have unique culinary practices,
ingredients, and preparation methods that tell stories of their heritage. Sharing meals
with family and friends is often a cornerstone of cultural bonding, where recipes are
passed down through generations, preserving a sense of continuity.

Video

https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPImnEJ9CHc

Questions
a) How does food contribute to a culture's identity?
b) What are some examples of unique culinary practices in different cultures?
c) How does food reflect historical influences in a culture?
d) What role does food play in social interactions within a culture?
e) Can you give examples of traditional dishes that have been passed down through
generations?
f) How does sharing meals strengthen cultural bonds?
g) What are some ways food acts as a bridge between cultures?
h) How does trying different cuisines help people understand other traditions?
i) Are there specific foods associated with festivals and celebrations in your culture?
j) How can learning about another culture's food help break stereotypes?
k) How does globalization impact traditional food cultures?
l) Are there any cultural taboos related to food in different societies?
m) What factors contribute to the diversity of ingredients used in different cultures?
n) How do cooking techniques vary across different parts of the world?
o) Can you explain the connection between food and nostalgia in culture?
p) How does migration influence the spread of food traditions?
q) Are there similarities in the way different cultures value food?
r) What are some ways people adapt their traditional dishes when living in a new
country?
s) How do food preferences reflect a culture's geography?
t) How does the availability of ingredients shape a culture's cuisine?
u) What role does storytelling play in passing down food traditions?
v) Can trying foreign foods foster a sense of adventure and curiosity?
w) Are there any health benefits associated with traditional diets from different
cultures?
x) How can food-related cultural misunderstandings be avoided?
y) How do culinary schools and cooking shows contribute to cultural exchange?
z) Can you share a personal experience of discovering the role of food in a different
culture?

More information - To be a cook, is to be a storyteller

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1Qu9DestJw

33. Cultural differences in different regions of Mexico

Introduction
Mexico, a diverse and vibrant country, is characterized by significant cultural
differences across its various regions. Each region boasts its own unique traditions,
cuisine, and way of life. For instance, in the northern states like Chihuahua and
Nuevo Leon, the cowboy culture is prevalent, with rodeos and ranching being central
to daily life. On the other hand, the southern states, such as Oaxaca and Chiapas, are
renowned for their indigenous heritage, colorful textiles, and intricate handicrafts.
Coastal regions like Yucatan and Quintana Roo offer a blend of Mayan influences and
a laid-back beach lifestyle. Furthermore, the central region, including Mexico City,
showcases a modern urban landscape alongside historical sites, reflecting the
nation's past and present. These cultural differences enrich Mexico's tapestry,
highlighting the unity within diversity and making the country a captivating
destination for exploring various ways of life.
Web page
https://www.roughguides.com/maps/north-america/mexico/
Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBJVKh0CMXc

Questions
a. Have you ever been to different regions of Mexico? What cultural differences did
you notice between them?
b. How does the cuisine vary between different regions of Mexico, and which dishes
have you tried?
c. Can you share any insights into the traditional clothing and fashion styles in
specific Mexican regions?
d. What are some unique festivals or celebrations that take place in specific regions
of Mexico?
e. How do daily routines and lifestyles differ between urban and rural areas in
Mexico?
f. Are there any specific dialects or accents that you've encountered in different
regions of Mexico?
g. What cultural customs or traditions stand out to you in specific Mexican regions?
h. Can you share any experiences where you've observed differences in
communication styles between regions?
i. How do attitudes towards religion vary between different regions of Mexico?
j. What forms of art or craftsmanship are prominent in particular Mexican regions,
and how do they reflect the culture?
k. Are there any specific historical or indigenous influences that are more pronounced
in certain regions of Mexico?
l. How do the concepts of community and social interactions differ between various
Mexican regions?
m. Can you share any observations about the role of family and extended family
networks in different areas of Mexico?
n. How does the pace of life and attitudes towards time differ between regions in
Mexico?
o. What are some local music genres, dances, or performances that you've
encountered in specific Mexican regions?
p. How does the landscape and environment influence cultural practices and
traditions in different regions of Mexico?
q. How do gender roles and expectations vary in different Mexican regions compared
to your own culture?
r. Can you share any experiences of hospitality or gestures of politeness that are
unique to certain regions of Mexico?
s. How is work-life balance perceived differently between various regions of Mexico?
t. What are some distinct architectural styles or landmarks that you've come across
in specific Mexican regions?
u. What have you learned about the cultural diversity and unity within Mexico
through your experiences in different regions?

More Information - The 7 Regions of Mexican Cuisine

https: //www.gustomexico.com/blog-collection/the-7-regions-of-mexican-cuisine

33. Collaborative learning and group projects in higher

education
Introduction
In collaborative learning in higher education students join forces to share knowledge
and work together for better learning. Collaborative learning means students team
up to solve problems and talk about ideas. Group projects take this further – they
work together on assignments that need everyone's help. These experiences are like
real work situations, getting students ready for their careers. While this way of
learning helps them work better in a team and think critically, there are challenges
like communication problems and different levels of effort. As with everything there
are advantages and disadvantages in collaborative learning.

Video – Watch the video and answer the question.

https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=TqBNWEQmBRM

According to the video, what are the two condition needed for success when working
with collaborative learning?

Questions
a. How do you think collaborative learning enhances students' understanding of
course material?
b. What strategies do you use to encourage active participation in group projects
among your students?
c. Have you noticed any differences in learning outcomes between collaborative
activities and individual tasks?
d. How do you address challenges like unequal contributions or conflicts within
student groups?
e. Can you share an example of a successful collaborative learning experience you've
facilitated?
f. What role do you see technology playing in supporting collaborative learning and
group projects?
g. How do you help students develop effective communication skills within their
teams?
h. What steps do you take to ensure that each student in a group project has a
chance to shine?
i. What are some ways to assess individual contributions within a group project?
j. How do you balance the benefits of collaborative learning with the need for
individual assessment?
k. What challenges have you faced when implementing collaborative learning
methods, and how did you overcome them?
l. How do you prepare students to work in diverse groups, considering varying
backgrounds and perspectives?
m. What advice would you give to professors who are new to incorporating
collaborative learning in their courses?
n. Can you share your thoughts on the role of feedback in enhancing the
effectiveness of group projects?
o. How do you foster a sense of accountability and responsibility among students in
group settings?
p. What strategies do you use to motivate introverted students to actively participate
in collaborative activities?
q. How can collaborative learning help students develop critical thinking and
problem-solving skills?
r. What are some creative ways you've seen students use technology to collaborate
on projects?
s. How do you ensure that students focus on the learning process itself rather than
just the final outcome?
t. What considerations should professors keep in mind when forming student groups
for projects?
u. How do you strike a balance between structured guidance and allowing students to
take ownership of their projects?
v. Can you share an example of a group project that allowed students to apply
theoretical concepts to real-world scenarios?
w. What feedback or reflections do you collect from students after completing
collaborative learning experiences?
x. How do you think collaborative learning prepares students for the teamwork
required in their future careers?
y. What are some future trends you anticipate in collaborative learning and
group projects within higher education?

More information - Collaborative learning approaches

https: //educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk/education-evidence/teaching-
learning-toolkit/collaborative-learning-approaches#: ~: text=is%20the%20evidence
%3F-,What%20is%20it%3F,together%20on%20a%20shared%20task

34. Innovations in teaching methodologies and pedagogical

approaches
Introduction
In today's rapidly changing educational landscape, new and creative ways of
teaching are emerging to enhance learning experiences. These innovations go
beyond traditional methods, incorporating technology, interactive activities, and
tailored approaches to better suit diverse learners. Teaching methodologies are
evolving to engage students actively, encouraging critical thinking, problem-solving,
and collaboration. Pedagogical approaches, or the strategies educators use to guide
learning, are adapting to meet the needs of modern learners, emphasizing practical
skills alongside theoretical knowledge. From flipped classrooms to online learning
platforms, these advancements aim to create dynamic, student-centered
environments that prepare learners for the demands of the 21st century.

Video

https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=1hoTOkgIf1k

Questions
a. What comes to mind when you hear the term "innovations in teaching
methodologies"?
b. Have you experienced any new teaching methods that you found particularly
effective?
c. How do you think technology has impacted the way we learn and teach?
d. Can you give an example of a pedagogical approach you've encountered that was
different from traditional methods?
e. What benefits do you see in using interactive activities to enhance learning?
f. Have you ever been in a flipped classroom? What was your experience like?
g. How do innovations in teaching accommodate different learning styles?
h. Do you think the role of teachers is changing with these new approaches? How?
i. What challenges might educators face when implementing innovative teaching
methods?
j. Have you used online platforms for learning? How do they compare to traditional
classrooms?
k. Can you think of any ways that modern teaching methods prepare students for
real-world challenges?
l. What impact do you think collaborative learning has on students' understanding of
subjects?
m. Have you encountered gamification in education? How does it affect learning?
n. Do you believe that students have a more active role in their learning with these
new approaches?
o. How can innovative teaching methods encourage critical thinking and problem-
solving skills?
p. Can you share your thoughts on how practical skills are emphasized in modern
pedagogical approaches?
q. What do you think are the pros and cons of having a teacher act as a facilitator
rather than a lecturer?
r. Are there any pedagogical approaches you're curious to experience firsthand?
s. How do you see the future of education evolving with continuous technological
advancements?
t. Have you noticed any cultural differences in how innovative teaching methods are
adopted?
u. Can you think of any instances where blended learning, combining online and in-
person teaching would be beneficial?
v. How important is it for teachers to adapt their methods to suit different age
groups?
w. What do you believe are the key components of a successful innovative teaching
method?
x. Are there any ethical concerns that might arise with the integration of technology
in education?
y. How do you think the pandemic has accelerated the adoption of new teaching

methodologies?

More information – Innovative approaches to teaching and learning in higher-

education
https://elearningindustry.com/innovative-approaches-to-teaching-and-learning-in-
higher-education

35. Bad translations

Introduction
Bad translations, while unintentionally amusing, can lead to confusion and
misunderstandings. These translations occur when language nuances, cultural
references, or idiomatic expressions are lost in the process. Often stemming from the
use of automated tools or lack of linguistic expertise, they can be found on signs,
menus, packaging, and even in digital content. Bad translations can range from
humorous to problematic, potentially conveying unintended meanings that may
offend or confuse readers. They highlight the importance of accurate language
understanding and cultural sensitivity. While these errors might elicit a chuckle, they
underscore the significance of investing in proper translation services and language
learning. In an increasingly globalized world, striving for accurate communication
across languages is vital to avoid these unintentional linguistic blunders.

Video My video

Questions
a) What are bad translations and how do they happen?
b) Can you provide examples of funny bad translations you've encountered?
c) How can bad translations lead to misunderstandings?
d) What are the common sources of bad translations?
e) Are bad translations more prevalent in certain languages?
f) Can you explain why automated translation tools can lead to bad translations?
g) How do bad translations occur in signs and menus?
h) Have you come across any instances of bad translations causing cultural
misunderstandings?
i) What is the impact of bad translations on global communication?
j) Can you share examples of bad translations that could be offensive?
k) How can bad translations be problematic in professional contexts?
l) What are some tips for avoiding bad translations?
m) How do cultural nuances play a role in bad translations?
n) What steps can businesses take to ensure accurate translations?
o) Are there any memorable bad translation stories you've heard?
p) How can bad translations affect a brand's image?
q) Can you explain why understanding idiomatic expressions is crucial for accurate
translation?
r) What are the consequences of using bad translations in legal documents?
s) How can learning about bad translations improve one's language skills?
t) What resources can individuals or businesses use to avoid bad translations?
u) Can bad translations be detrimental to international relations?
v) How can someone differentiate between good and bad translation services?
w) Can you provide examples of translations that changed the intended meaning?
x) How do bad translations affect tourism and travel experiences?
y) What role does human expertise play in avoiding bad translations?
z) Can you discuss any instances of bad translations that went viral on social media?

More information – How to avoid translation mistakes

https: //circletranslations.com/blog/how-avoid-translation-mistakes

36. Language Teaching online

Introduction
In the digital age, the landscape of language education has experienced a
remarkable transformation through online teaching methods. With the world
becoming more interconnected, teaching languages online has become an
increasingly popular and convenient approach. This method transcends geographical
barriers, offering flexibility and personalized learning experiences. Through virtual
classrooms and interactive resources, learners can now engage with languages in a
dynamic and tailored manner. Online language teaching has not only made learning
more accessible but has also demonstrated the potential of technology to enhance
and redefine the educational process.

Information
https://www.britishcouncil.org/voices-magazine/teaching-english-online-opportunities-
pitfalls

Some sites to begin language teaching online:

Italki, Verbling, Preply, Cambly, VIPKid, WizIQ, Meetup, Tandom, Craigslist, Facebook,
Twitter, Instagram, Youtube,

Audacity: Audacity is a powerful open-source audio editing software. While it's more
focused on editing, you can record and mix your podcast episodes using this tool.

Podbean: Podbean provides free podcast hosting and distribution. It also offers a
mobile app with recording and editing features, making it convenient for podcast
creators.

Activity – Imagine that you are an online Spanish teacher. Continue the following
conversation.

Student: Hola! I'm excited to start learning Spanish with you. How will you teach your
class?

You: ¡Hola! Welcome! In our class, we'll focus on speaking, listening, reading, and
writing. I'll adapt to your pace and ensure a fun and effective learning journey. ¿Listo
para empezar?

Student: Yes! What will we do today?

You: ____________________________________________________________
Student: Great! Then what?
You: ____________________________________________________________

Questions
a. What are the first steps to become an online language teacher?
b. How do you choose the right platform for online language instruction?
c. What qualifications or skills are necessary to teach a language online?
d. How can you create an engaging online profile as a language instructor?
e. What considerations should be made when determining your target audience?
f. What resources are essential for preparing online language lessons?
g. How can you adapt your teaching style for an online environment?
h. What equipment and technology do you need to teach a language online
effectively?
i. How do you plan and structure your first online language lesson?
j. What are some strategies to attract and retain online language students?
k. How can you set achievable goals for your online language teaching journey?
l. What role does multimedia content play in your online language lessons?
m. How can you establish a sense of community among your online learners?
n. What methods can you use to assess the progress of your online language
students?
o. What are some common challenges faced by new online language teachers?
p. How do you price your online language lessons and handle payments?
q. What communication tools are best for keeping in touch with online students?
r. How can you create a structured curriculum for your online language course?
s. What strategies can you employ to effectively manage an online classroom?
t. How do you handle technical issues that may arise during online lessons?
u. What ethical considerations should you be aware of while teaching languages
online?
v. How can you promote your online language teaching services to a wider audience?
w. What role does feedback play in improving your online language instruction?
x. How do you handle different time zones when scheduling online lessons?
y. What steps can you take to continuously improve your skills as an online language
teacher?

More Information
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=FuliRT5eLQc

37. United Nations goal - End poverty in all its forms

everywhere
Introduction
Un Techo Para Chile, also known as "Techo," is a nonprofit organization operating in
Chile. It focuses on combating poverty and improving living conditions in informal
settlements. Techo works towards building transitional housing, providing basic
services, and empowering communities through education and social programs. With
a mission to create a fairer society, the organization collaborates with volunteers,
residents, and other partners to address housing and social inequality. Techo not only
constructs physical structures but also fosters community engagement, aiming to
uplift marginalized populations, raise awareness, and promote social change for a
more equitable Chile. There is also a Techo organization in Mexico
https://mexico.techo.org/
Activity
https://quizlet.com/819434824/techo-flash-cards/?new
Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWSrc7yDydc
Questions
a. Have you ever volunteered or taken part in initiatives to help those in need?
b. How can communities work together to alleviate poverty?
c. Are there any local organizations or charities that you know of that support people
living in poverty?
d. Have you ever personally witnessed the effects of poverty on individuals or
families?
e. In your opinion, what role does education play in addressing poverty?
f. Do you think technology can help bridge the gap for those in poverty?
g. What kinds of support do you believe are most effective in helping people escape
poverty?
h. What misconceptions do you think people often have about poverty?
i. Can you think of any success stories of people who have overcome poverty?
j. What are some ways we can raise awareness about poverty and its impact?
k. How does poverty affect different aspects of a person's life beyond just finances?
l. What resources or opportunities do you think should be more accessible to those in
poverty?
m. How can we encourage empathy and understanding towards individuals
experiencing poverty?
n. Are there cultural or societal factors that contribute to the cycle of poverty?
o. Have you ever participated in donation drives or fundraisers for poverty
alleviation?
p. Can you think of any innovative approaches or solutions to address poverty?
q. How can we create more inclusive communities that support individuals regardless
of their financial situation?
r. What steps do you believe need to be taken to achieve the UN goal of ending
poverty?
s. What do you think are the biggest challenges in eradicating poverty on a global
scale?
t. Have you ever heard about success stories related to poverty reduction in certain
countries?
u. Are there any specific regions of the world that you think need more attention
when it comes to poverty alleviation?
v. Do you believe that addressing poverty can also help address other global issues?
w. What can individuals do in their daily lives to contribute to ending poverty?
x. How do you think the media can raise awareness and promote action on this issue?

More information
https: //www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/poverty/
https: //mexico.techo.org/

38. United Nations goal - Ensure healthy lives and promote

well-being for all at all ages

Introduction
There has been some progress on improving global health in recent years. For
example, 146 out of 200 countries or areas have already met or are on track to meet
the target on under-5 mortality. Effective HIV treatment has cut global AIDS-related
deaths by 52 per cent since 2010 and at least one neglected tropical disease has
been eliminated in 47 countries.
However, insufficient progress has been made in other areas, such as on reducing
maternal mortality and expanding universal health coverage. Globally, approximately
800 women died every day from pregnancy or childbirth in 2020. And 381 million
people were pushed or further pushed into extreme poverty in 2019 due to out-of-
pocket payments for health.

Information
https://www.un.org/en/academic-impact/unai-quiz-sdg-3-good-health-and-wellbeing-
quiz

Questions
a. How can individuals maintain a healthy lifestyle?
b. What role does regular exercise play in promoting well-being?
c. Do you think it's important to have balanced meals? Why?
d. How can we encourage people to eat more fruits and vegetables?
e. What are some common health challenges people face as they age?
f. How can communities provide better healthcare access for everyone?
g. Have you heard of any successful public health campaigns in your country?
h. What habits can lead to better mental health?
i. How can we reduce stress in our daily lives?
j. Do you think access to clean water and sanitation affects health? Why or why not?
k. What is the importance of regular medical check-ups?
l. How can technology improve healthcare services?
m. Have you ever participated in a wellness program? How was your experience?
n. What are some ways to raise awareness about the importance of vaccinations?
o. How does the environment we live in affect our overall health?
p. Can you share any tips for getting a good night's sleep?
q. What measures can societies take to prevent the spread of diseases?
r. How can we promote mental health and well-being in schools?
s. Have you ever volunteered for a health-related organization? What did you do?
t. What are some ways to promote healthy habits among children and teenagers?
u. How can governments ensure healthcare is affordable for everyone?
v. Do you think promoting well-being is solely an individual responsibility?
w. What is the role of education in teaching people about healthy lifestyles?
x. How can we address the stigma surrounding mental health issues?

More information – UN Goals

https: //www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/health/

39. Culture shock

Introduction
Culture shock is a common experience when people move to a new country with a
different culture. It's the feeling of disorientation and confusion that arises due to
unfamiliar customs, language, and social norms. This can lead to anxiety and
frustration as individuals struggle to adapt. However, over time, many find ways to
overcome culture shock by learning about the new culture, making local friends, and
being open-minded. This experience can broaden horizons, increase empathy, and
enhance personal growth as people learn to appreciate and understand diverse ways
of life, making the initial challenges of culture shock worth the eventual rewards.
In my country, people never leave tips. So when I first went abroad, I kept forgetting
to tip servers. I felt really embarrassed.

Activity
Complete these sentences. Use words from the list.

Confident curious depressed embarrassed culture

uncertain uncomfortable worried fascinated overwhelmed

1. In my country, people never leave tips. So when I first went abroad, I kept
forgetting to tip servers. I felt really _____________.
2. The first time I traveled abroad, I felt really _____________. I didn't speak the
language, and I didn’t make any friends.
3. I just spent a year in France learning to speak French. It was a satisfying
experience, and I immersed myself in the ____________.
4. At first, I really didn't like shopping in the open-air markets. I felt____________
because so many people were trying to sell me something at the same time.
5. When I arrived in Lisbon, I was nervous because I couldn't speak any Portuguese.
As I began to learn the language, I became more ____________ about living there.
6. Before I went to Alaska last winter, I was very ____________ about the cold. But it
wasn't a problem because most buildings there are well heated.
7. When I was traveling in Southeast Asia, I couldn't believe how many different kinds
of fruit there were. I was _____________ to try all of them, so I ate a lot of fruit!
8. It was our first trip to Latin America, so we were ____________ about what to expect.
We loved it and hope to return again soon.

Answers

1. In my country, people never leave tips. So when I first went abroad, I kept

forgetting to tip servers. I felt really embarrassed.

2. The first time I traveled abroad, I felt really uncertain. I didn't speak the language,
and I didn’t make any friends.
3. I just spent a year in France learning to speak French. It was a satisfying

experience, and I immersed myself in the culture.

4. At first, I really didn't like shopping in the open-air markets. I felt overwhelmed
because so many people were trying to sell me something at the same time.
5. When I arrived in Lisbon, I was nervous because I couldn't speak any Portuguese.

As I began to learn the language, I became more confident about living there.
6. Before I went to Alaska last winter, I was very worried about the cold. But it wasn't
a problem because most buildings there are well heated.
7. When I was traveling in Southeast Asia, I couldn't believe how many different kinds

of fruit there were. I was fascinated to try all of them, so I ate a lot of fruit!

8. It was our first trip to Latin America, so we were curious about what to expect. We
loved it and hope to return again soon.

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=dcYFXXeUlww

Questions
a) Have you ever experienced culture shock? If so, where and when?
b) What aspects of a new culture do you think might cause culture shock for
someone?
c) How can someone cope with culture shock when they move to a different country?
d) Can you imagine a specific situation or incident that made you realize you were
experiencing culture shock?
e) What strategies do you think are effective in overcoming culture shock?
f) Did you think it would be easy to adapt to the local customs and traditions if you
move from one region of Mexico to another region?
g) How important do you think it is to learn the language of the new culture in order
to reduce culture shock?
h) What advice would you give to someone who is about to move to a new country
and might experience culture shock?
i) Have you ever witnessed someone else going through culture shock? How did you
help them?
j) In your opinion, can culture shock have any positive outcomes? If yes, what are
they?
k) Did you experience any culture shock when you started college? If so, what
aspects were the most challenging?
l) How did the academic expectations and workload in college compare to what you
were used to in high school?
m) Were there any new social norms or behaviors in college that you found different
from high school? How did you adapt?
n) Did you have to adjust your study habits or time management skills when you
entered college? How did you handle that transition?
o) Were you able to easily make new friends and social connections in college, or did
you find it challenging due to cultural differences?
p) Did the diversity of people and perspectives in college impact your initial
experiences? How did you navigate this aspect?
q) Were there any specific situations or moments that made you realize you were
facing culture shock during your transition to college?
r) How did you handle the increased independence and responsibility that often
comes with college life compared to high school?
s) Did you find any support systems or resources in college that helped you
overcome the challenges of culture shock and transitioning?
t) Looking back, do you think experiencing culture shock during your move from high
school to college had any positive effects on your personal growth or adaptability?

More information – TED Talks

https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=1iVNOeawYf8
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGSD6jduFJg

40. Chilean culture and language

Introduction
Chilean culture is a vibrant blend of indigenous traditions and European influences.
Its rich history and diverse geography have shaped a unique identity. From the
bustling capital, Santiago, to the serene landscapes of Patagonia, Chile offers an
array of experiences. Traditional music and dance, like the energetic cueca, reflect
the country's dynamic spirit. Chileans are passionate about soccer and relish their
cuisine, especially empanadas and seafood. The Mapuche people's heritage remains
a vital part of Chilean culture, celebrated through art and festivals. With a mix of old

and new, Chile's culture embodies a captivating fusion of heritage and modernity.

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOJfCJrrrP4

Chilean Spanish
https://quizlet.com/696262497/spanish-chileanisms-flash-cards/

Questions
a. What role does slang play in Mexican communication?
b. How does slang vary across different regions of Mexico?
c. Can you provide examples of common Mexican slang words used in everyday
conversations?
d. How do young people in Mexico use slang to express themselves?
e. Are there any Mexican slang words that have become widely used in other
Spanish-speaking countries?
f. How does slang help to create a sense of identity and belonging among Mexicans?
g. What are some Mexican slang terms related to food and cuisine?
h. How has the influence of pop culture and media impacted Mexican slang over the
years?
i. Can you explain the origins of certain Mexican slang expressions and phrases?
j. Are there any generational differences in the use of slang in Mexico?
k. What role does slang play in Mexican music, especially in genres like reggaeton
and hip-hop?
l. How does social media influence the evolution and spread of Mexican slang?
m. Are there slang words unique to specific subcultures or communities within
Mexico?
n. How do tourists and foreigners react to hearing Mexican slang for the first time?
o. What are some Mexican slang terms related to relationships and dating?
p. Are there slang words that have historical or political significance in Mexico?
q. How do Mexican slang expressions contribute to humor and wit in conversations?
r. What impact does slang have on formal vs. informal communication in Mexico?
s. Are there any efforts to preserve traditional Mexican slang as language evolves?
t. How does the use of slang reflect the dynamic and ever-changing nature of
language in Mexico?

More Information
https://upscapetravel.com/blog/chilean-culture-101-everything-you-need-to-know/

41. Interculturalism in class

Interculturalism
Interculturalism in education promotes understanding and respect among students
from diverse backgrounds. It encourages sharing traditions, beliefs, and customs,
fostering a rich learning environment. Students learn to appreciate different
perspectives, enhancing their empathy and communication skills. This approach
helps break down stereotypes and cultivates a sense of unity in a multicultural world.
Teachers play a vital role by incorporating varied cultural examples into lessons,
encouraging open discussions, and celebrating diversity. Ultimately, interculturalism
prepares students to thrive in an increasingly globalized society, where collaboration
and mutual respect are essential.

Information
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGn_7AZHGvs
https: //www.studyspanishlatinamerica.com/en/test-latin-american-culture

To foster intercultural competence and confidence in the classroom, five

strategies can be implemented.

First, students should engage in self-reflection to explore their personal identities

and cultures, encouraging understanding of their heritage.

Second, employing think-pair-share activities in small groups allows classmates to

share diverse backgrounds, enhancing their appreciation for cultural diversity. This
approach fosters authentic conversations, building class cohesion.

Third, periodically rearranging the classroom layout promotes relationships among

all students, preventing cliques formed by familiarity.

Fourth, incorporating team-building exercises into lessons encourages trust and

collaboration, enhancing communication skills across diverse groups.

Last, interacting with students from different regions or countries via online
platforms allows collaboration on assignments, providing exposure to global
perspectives. These strategies collectively create an inclusive and culturally
enriching learning environment.

Questions
a. How do you incorporate interculturalism into your classroom activities?
b. What strategies do you use to create an inclusive environment for students from
different cultural backgrounds?
c. Can you share an example of a successful intercultural lesson you've taught?
d. How do you address potential challenges or conflicts arising from cultural
differences among students?
e. What resources do you find most helpful for promoting intercultural understanding
among your students?
f. Do you think interculturalism enhances students' overall learning experience? Why
or why not?
g. How do you encourage students to share their own cultural experiences with their
peers?
h. What role do language barriers play in intercultural classrooms, and how do you
overcome them?
i. How do you balance teaching about various cultures while avoiding stereotypes or
misconceptions?
j. Can you describe an activity that encourages students to explore and appreciate
cultural diversity?
k. How do you handle instances of cultural insensitivity or bias within your classroom?
l. What steps do you take to ensure that no student feels excluded due to their
cultural background?
m. How can interculturalism in education contribute to building a more harmonious
society?
n. Do you think interculturalism should be integrated into all subjects, or is it more
suitable for certain topics?
o. What training or professional development have you undergone to effectively
implement intercultural teaching methods?
p. Can you share an experience where a cultural misunderstanding turned into a
valuable learning opportunity?
q. How do you assess students' growth in terms of intercultural competence?
r. What role does self-awareness play in helping teachers navigate intercultural
classrooms?
s. How can technology be leveraged to support intercultural learning in today's
classrooms?

Activity – Match the word and definition

 a) A tendency to think that our own culture is superior to
1. ___Global Village
other cultures.
b) A metaphor that assumes that immigrants and cultural
2. ___Melting Pot minorities will be assimilated in the U.S. majority
culture, losing their original cultures.
c) Extremely patriotic to the point of being anti-
3. ___Ethnocentrism
immigrant.
d) A term coined by Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s that
4. ___Diasporic Groups refers to a world in which communication technology
unites people in remote parts of the world.
e) Ethnic and/or national groups that are geographically
5. ___Identity Tourism
dispersed throughout the world.
f) A concept that refers to people taking on the identities
6. ___Nativistic of other races, genders, classes, or sexual orientations
for recreational purposes.
g) Underlying assumptions about the nature of reality and
7. ___Worldview
human behaviour.

More information – Promoting cultural understanding

https: //jalt-publications.org/articles/26751-simple-ideas-and-strategies-promoting-
intercultural-understanding-schools-and-l2#: ~: text=developing%20empathy%2C
%20flexibility%2C%20tolerance%2C,and%20the%20worlds%20of%20others.

42. Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies

Introduction
The United Nations strives to achieve the goal of promoting just, peaceful, and
inclusive societies worldwide. This objective involves ensuring equal access to justice
for all, reducing violence and crime, and building societies where diversity is
celebrated and respected. By addressing root causes of conflict, such as inequality
and discrimination, the UN aims to create environments where everyone's rights are
protected, and individuals can live without fear of violence. Through collaboration
among nations and the implementation of effective policies, the UN envisions a world
where people from all walks of life can coexist harmoniously, fostering a more
equitable and secure future.
Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=TN47uddU—A

Activity
https://quizlet.com/819429445/society-of-inclusion-or-exclusion-flash-cards/?new
Use Match

Questions
a. What does the United Nations mean by "just, peaceful, and inclusive societies"?
b. Why do you think it's important for societies to be just and inclusive?
c. Can you give an example of a society that is not inclusive? How could it be
improved?
d. How can promoting justice and inclusivity contribute to a more peaceful world?
e. What role does equality play in creating just and inclusive societies?
f. How can communities work towards reducing violence and crime?
g. Do you think the United Nations' goal is achievable? Why or why not?
h. What strategies can countries use to ensure equal access to justice for all citizens?
i. How does discrimination hinder the creation of peaceful and inclusive societies?
j. Can you think of any local initiatives that align with the UN's goal?
k. How does diversity enhance the strength of a society?
l. What steps can individuals take to promote inclusivity in their communities?
m. How can education contribute to the development of just and peaceful societies?
n. What are some challenges that societies might face in achieving these goals?
o. Can you provide an example of a conflict that could have been prevented by
promoting inclusivity?
p. How can governments encourage citizens to be active participants in creating
peaceful societies?
q. What measures can be taken to ensure that justice is accessible to everyone,
regardless of their background?
r. In what ways do you think cultural differences can be a source of strength in
society?
s. What are some ways societies can address issues of inequality to achieve their
goals?
t. How can media and communication contribute to building just, peaceful, and
inclusive societies?

More information
https: //www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/peace-justice/
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDOFqkqOJXw
43. United Nations goal – Quality education

Introduction
Providing quality education for all is fundamental to creating a peaceful and prosperous world.
Education gives people the knowledge and skills they need to stay healthy, get jobs and foster
tolerance.
The COVID-19 outbreak, however, has caused a global education crisis. Most education systems
in the world have been severely affected by education disruptions and have faced unprecedented
challenges. School closures brought on by the pandemic have had devastating consequences for
children’s learning and well-being.
To deliver on this goal, education financing must become a national investment priority.
Furthermore, measures such as making education free and compulsory, increasing the number of
teachers, improving basic school infrastructure and embracing digital transformation are
essential.
Activity password DigitalDivideHidalgo

Web page
https://www.npr.org/2019/11/07/777391505/how-the-price-of-the-metro-sparked-mass-protests-in-
chile

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCU3n6y-uaU

Questions
a. How do you define a quality education?
b. What factors do you believe contribute to a successful learning environment?
c. In your opinion, what role does technology play in enhancing educational quality?
d. Can you share an example of an effective teaching method you've used in your classroom?
e. How do you ensure that your lessons are engaging for all students?
f. What strategies do you employ to meet the diverse learning needs of your students?
g. How do you assess whether your students have truly understood the material you've taught?
h. What do you think is the significance of feedback in improving the quality of education?
i. In what ways do you promote critical thinking skills among your students?
j. How do you encourage active participation and class discussions in your lessons?
k. Can you share your approach to fostering a positive classroom atmosphere?
l. What resources do you find most valuable for enhancing the quality of your teaching?
m. How do you handle challenges and disruptions in the classroom while maintaining a
productive learning environment?
n. What steps do you take to keep up with the latest developments and trends in education?
o. Do you feel that you received a quality education?
p. What methods have you found effective in helping struggling students catch up with the rest of
the class?
q. How do you balance standardized testing requirements with a well-rounded, engaging
curriculum?
r. What role does creativity play in your teaching methods, and how does it impact educational
quality?
s. Can you share an example of how you integrate real-world applications into your lessons?
t. How do you encourage self-directed learning and independent thinking among your students?
u. What strategies do you use to build strong relationships and rapport with your students?
v. How do you address ethical and cultural considerations when designing your curriculum?
w. What role does collaboration with other teachers and professionals play in improving
educational quality?
x. How do you help students set and achieve their individual learning goals?
y. What measures do you take to ensure that your classroom is an inclusive and welcoming
space for all students?

More information
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=XqPEOb9sOVA
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=l61HgJn2ei0

43. United Nation Goal - Gender equality

Introduction
Ending all discrimination against women and girls is not only a basic human right, it’s crucial for
sustainable future; it’s proven that empowering women and girls helps economic growth and
development.
The United Nations has made gender equality central to its work and we’ve seen remarkable
progress in the past 20 years. There are more girls in school now compared to 15 years ago, and
most regions have reached gender parity in primary education.
But although there are more women than ever in the labor market, there are still large inequalities
in some regions, with women systematically denied the same work rights as men.

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZGNsldobnR4

Activity
https://quizlet.com/819424453/gender-equality-flash-cards/?new Use Match
Questions
a. What does gender equality signify to you within the framework of the United Nations goals?
b. How can higher education institutions actively contribute to advancing gender equality?
c. In your experience, what obstacles hinder the attainment of gender equality within academia?
d. Could you provide instances of initiatives that promote discussions on gender dynamics in
university classrooms?
e. How do you ensure an inclusive learning environment that encourages participation from all
genders?
f. What measures have you found effective in addressing gender-based bias or prejudice among
colleagues and students?
g. How can universities encourage women's participation in fields traditionally dominated by men,
such as STEM?
h. Could you share your approaches for incorporating the achievements of influential women in
your teaching content?
i. What is the role of extracurricular activities in fostering awareness about gender equality among
students?
j. How can male faculty members be encouraged to actively support and engage in gender
equality efforts?
k. Can you give examples of educational materials that underscore the significance of gender
equality?
l. What steps can universities take to ensure equitable representation of genders across
academic disciplines?
m. In what ways do you address the intersection of gender with other dimensions like race,
ethnicity, and socioeconomic status in your teaching?
n. How do you create a respectful and inclusive academic environment that values students of all
genders?
o. How might universities collaborate with families to reinforce the principles of gender equality
beyond the campus?
p. What strategies can be employed to empower female students to pursue leadership roles and
unconventional career paths?
q. How do you counter potential gender biases embedded in academic resources, such as
textbooks?
r. Can you illustrate a lesson plan that aims to deconstruct stereotypes related to gender?
s. What role does media literacy play in helping students critically analyze gender representation
in media?
t. How do universities implement gender-neutral language and practices in everyday academic
life?
u. How can faculty development programs contribute to sensitizing educators to gender equality
issues?
v. What is your approach to discussing historical and cultural contexts of gender roles within your
courses?
w. How can universities offer support to students navigating challenges related to their gender
identities?
x. In what ways do you guide students in discussions about consent and healthy relationships
within the context of gender equality?
y. What suggestions do you have for fostering an ongoing discourse about gender equality within
the university community?

More information - Gender equality websites

https: //www.unwomen.org/en/news-stories/explainer/2022/09/explainer-sustainable-development-goal-
five?
gclid=Cj0KCQjwrfymBhCTARIsADXTabltJUnieC1MfkMyRpkjp9ANpvyL4TYqCm8wzhNDGXxf9LU
B8f3c0ekaApd8EALw_wcB
https: //www.dcu.ie/commsteam/news/2023/jun/dcu-ranked-worlds-sixth-best-university-its-
impact-reducing-inequality

44. United Nations goal Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies

Introduction
This United Nations goal is about promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, providing access to
justice for all and building effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels. People
everywhere should be free of fear from all forms of violence and feel safe as they go about their
lives whatever their ethnicity, faith or sexual orientation.
High levels of armed violence and insecurity have a destructive impact on a country’s
development. Sexual violence, crime, exploitation and torture are prevalent where there is conflict
or no rule of law. Governments, civil society and communities need to work together to find
lasting solutions to conflict and insecurity. Strengthening the rule of law and promoting human
rights is key to this process, as is reducing the flow of illicit arms, combating corruption, and
ensuring inclusive participation at all times.

Activity – Answer the TRUE or FALSE questions about the above text.

1. The United Nations goal mentioned in the text includes promoting peaceful and inclusive
societies.
2. According to the text, everyone should feel safe from violence regardless of their ethnicity,
faith, or sexual orientation.
 3. High levels of armed violence and insecurity can have a positive impact on a country's
development.
4. Sexual violence, crime, exploitation, and torture are more likely to occur in areas with
conflict or no rule of law, as stated in the text.
5. The text suggests that governments, civil society, and communities should collaborate to
address conflict and insecurity.
6. Strengthening the rule of law and promoting human rights are not important aspects of
finding lasting solutions to conflict and insecurity, according to the text.
7. According to the text, reducing the flow of illicit arms is a key factor in addressing conflict
and insecurity.

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=5e0a7rpp1sw&t=13s

Questions
a. What does the concept of "peace" mean to you within the context of the United Nations goals?
b. How can higher education institutions actively contribute to promoting peace, justice, and
strong institutions?
c. In your opinion, what are some challenges in establishing and maintaining peaceful societies?
d. Can you share examples of classroom activities that encourage discussions about justice and
the rule of law?
e. How can universities foster a culture of open dialogue and understanding as a step towards
peace?
f. What strategies have you found effective in addressing social inequalities and human rights
issues in your teaching?
g. How can academic institutions contribute to building strong, accountable institutions in a
society?
h. Could you provide examples of how you incorporate discussions about global conflicts and
resolutions into your curriculum?
i. What role do extracurricular activities play in promoting awareness of peace and justice among
students?
j. How can academics collaborate to address corruption and ensure accountable governance?
k. Can you give examples of teaching materials that highlight the importance of peace and strong
institutions?
l. What steps can universities take to encourage students to engage in social justice advocacy?
m. In what ways do you discuss the balance between individual rights and the common good in
your courses?
n. How do you encourage students to critically analyze issues related to peace, justice, and
governance?
o. How can universities collaborate with community organizations to strengthen institutions and
promote peace?
p. What strategies do you use to empower students to take an active role in fostering justice and
accountability?
q. How do you address the potential biases in academic content that might impact discussions
about peace and justice?
r. Can you share an example of a lesson plan that addresses the importance of conflict
resolution?
s. What role does media literacy play in helping students understand global issues related to
peace and justice?
t. How can universities create an environment that encourages constructive debates about
societal challenges?
u. How do you approach discussing historical and cultural contexts of peace and justice within
your teaching?
v. What measures can institutions take to support students interested in pursuing careers in law,
governance, or diplomacy?
w. In what ways do you guide students in understanding the significance of upholding human
rights?
x. How can universities encourage students to engage in initiatives that promote peace and
justice locally and globally?
y. What suggestions do you have for nurturing a continuous dialogue about peace, justice, and
strong institutions within the university community?

More information - Students and academics playing a part in the campaign to bring peace
and prosperity to the planet.
https: //www.dmu.ac.uk/about-dmu/news/2023/april/un-official-praises-dmu's-'phenomenal'-work-
on-sustainable-development-goals.aspx

45. United Nations goal - Partnerships for the goals

Introduction
This goal is about revitalizing the global partnership for sustainable development. The 2030
Agenda is universal and calls for action by all countries – developed and developing – to ensure
no one is left behind. It requires partnerships between governments, the private sector, and civil
society. The Sustainable Development Goals can only be realized with a strong commitment to
global partnership and cooperation.

Significant challenges remain. Official development assistance (ODA) has not reached the
targeted level; private investment flows are not well aligned with sustainable development; there
continues to be a significant digital divide; and there are on-going trade tensions. To be
successful, everyone will need to mobilize both existing and additional resources and developed
countries will need to fulfill their official development assistance commitments.

Activity – Answer the TRUE or FALSE questions about the above text.

1. The 2030 Agenda calls for action by both developed and developing countries.
2. The Sustainable Development Goals can be achieved without global partnership and
cooperation.
3. Official development assistance (ODA) has reached the targeted level.
4. Private investment flows are well aligned with sustainable development.
5. There is no significant digital divide according to the text.
6. The text mentions the existence of on-going trade tensions.
7. Mobilizing both existing and additional resources is not necessary for success.
8. Developed countries are not required to fulfill their official development assistance
commitments for success.

Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oXQmDy2WG04

Questions
a. How do you interpret the concept of "partnerships for sustainable development" within the
United Nations goals?
b. What role can higher education institutions play in fostering effective partnerships for achieving
sustainable development?
c. In your view, what are some challenges in building meaningful partnerships between
academia, government, and the private sector?
d. Can you share examples of collaborative projects that have successfully addressed complex
societal issues?
e. How can universities encourage interdisciplinary collaboration to address diverse global
challenges?
f. What strategies have you found effective in bridging gaps between academia and the business
community?
g. How can academic institutions facilitate international partnerships to address global
sustainability challenges?
h. Could you provide examples of how universities can contribute to creating partnerships that
promote innovation?
i. What is the significance of engaging local communities in partnerships for achieving sustainable
development goals?
j. How do you encourage students to actively participate in partnership initiatives aimed at
societal betterment?
k. Can you give examples of educational materials that emphasize the importance of partnerships
for sustainable development?
l. What steps can universities take to ensure equitable participation and representation in
partnership initiatives?
m. In what ways do you incorporate discussions about ethical considerations and corporate social
responsibility into your teaching?
n. How do you inspire students to be agents of change through engagement in partnership
projects?
o. How can universities collaborate with governmental bodies to promote policies aligned with
sustainable development goals?
p. What strategies do you use to empower students to take leadership roles in partnership
initiatives?
q. How do you address potential conflicts of interest and power imbalances within collaborative
partnerships?
r. Can you share an example of a lesson plan that highlights the importance of cross-sector
partnerships?
s. What role does media literacy play in helping students understand the dynamics of global
partnerships?
t. How can universities encourage students to explore diverse career paths related to sustainable
development partnerships?
u. How do you approach discussing the role of partnerships in addressing global challenges
within your courses?
v. What measures can institutions take to support students interested in pursuing careers in
international development?
w. In what ways do you guide students in understanding the principles of effective and equitable
partnerships?
x. How can universities help students develop skills for effective communication and negotiation
in partnership contexts?
y. What suggestions do you have for fostering ongoing dialogue and collaboration about
partnerships for sustainable development within the university community?

More information - How to achieve the United Nations goals

https: //www.monash.edu/msdi/about/sustainable-development/sdg-guide/partnerships

46. United Nations goal - Economic Growth

Introduction
The United Nations believes that economic growth should be a positive force for the whole
planet. This is why they want to make sure that financial progress creates decent and fulfilling
jobs while not harming the environment. The UN wants to protect labor rights and once and for all
put a stop to modern slavery and child labor. The UN thinks that if we promote job creation with
expanded access to banking and financial services, we can make sure that everybody gets the
benefits of entrepreneurship and innovation.
This UN goals states that by 2030, we must achieve full and productive employment and decent
work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal
pay for work of equal value.

Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWLGsfOlo_Y

Activity password Hidalgoeconomics

https://jeopardylabs.com/play/introduction-to-economics-89

Questions
a. How does this goal promote sustainable development?
b. How do you define “decent work” that is mentioned within this goal?
c. How can countries ensure inclusive and equitable economic growth as per this goal?
d. What role does technology play in achieving this goal?
e. Can you provide examples of policies that promote labor rights and safe working environments
in line with this goal?
f. How does informal employment affect progress toward this goal?
g. What strategies can governments implement to reduce youth unemployment, as outlined in
this goal?
h. How do labor migration and remittances impact economic growth and decent work
opportunities in the context of this goal?
i. What challenges might arise when trying to balance economic growth with decent work
according to this goal?
j. How does this goal intersect with other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
k. Can you discuss the role of trade unions in promoting decent work and economic growth within
the scope of this goal?
l. What measures can be taken to eliminate forced labor and child labor in various industries, as
advocated by this goal?
m. How does this goal address income inequality and its impact on societies?
n. What is the relationship between sustainable business practices and achieving the objectives
of this goal?
o. Can you provide examples of successful public-private partnerships that support this goal?
p. How do different systems of education impact the achievement of the aims of this goal?
q. What data and indicators are used to track progress towards the targets of this goal?
r. How can countries with limited resources make progress towards the objectives of this goal?
s. What are some potential negative consequences of pursuing economic growth without
considering decent work, as highlighted in this goal?
t. How does this goal address challenges related to informal economies in developing countries?
u. Can you discuss the concept of "decent work" in the context of the gig economy as it relates to
this goal?
v. What role does education and skills development play in achieving the objectives of this goal?
w. How does this goal promote sustainable entrepreneurship and innovation?
x. Can you share examples of policy frameworks that have successfully promoted job creation, as
encouraged by this goal?
y. How does climate change mitigation and adaptation relate to the objectives of this goal?
z. What is the role of international cooperation and partnerships in advancing the aims of this
goal?

More information Goal 8 Decent Work & Economic Growth

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZpNz7dn9pXk

47. Educational jargon

Introduction
In the academic world, there's a language of its own: educational jargon. These are special words
and phrases used in teaching and research. Terms like "pedagogy" and "STEM" might sound
confusing, but they're important. However, let's remember that not everyone understands them.
Clear communication is key. By making sure we explain these terms, we can all understand each
other better. It's about creating an open and welcoming academic environment where everyone
can join the conversation. So, let's work together to unravel the mystery of educational jargon and
make our discussions more inclusive.

Video
https://vimeo.com/139547121

Questions
a. What's your take on using acronyms like "STEM" in educational contexts?
b. How do you clarify complex concepts for students without overwhelming them with jargon?
c. Have you encountered situations where educational jargon caused confusion among students?
d. What strategies do you use to help students understand and use discipline-specific terms?
e. Do you think too much jargon hinders effective communication in academia?
f. How do you strike a balance between using technical terms and ensuring student
comprehension?
g. Can you provide examples of how you introduce new jargon to students without intimidating
them?
h. How do you encourage students to ask questions when they encounter unfamiliar terms?
i. What's your opinion on using visuals and real-world examples to explain educational jargon?
j. Have you ever witnessed students feeling left out due to not understanding jargon in
discussions?
k. What resources do you recommend for students to better understand common educational
terms?
l. How can we create an inclusive classroom environment when dealing with diverse language
backgrounds?
m. What are some common misconceptions students have about certain educational jargon?
n. How do you address students who may feel embarrassed to admit they don't understand
certain terms?
o. Can you share experiences where simplifying jargon enhanced student engagement?
p. How do you adapt your communication style when explaining concepts to non-specialist
audiences?
q. Have you encountered cultural differences in the interpretation of educational jargon?
r. What's your approach to helping students differentiate between essential jargon and
unnecessary jargon?
s. How can collaborative projects help students become more comfortable with using academic
language?
t. What's your perspective on using analogies to make educational jargon more relatable?
u. Do you think encouraging students to question and challenge jargon is beneficial?
v. How can we ensure that our enthusiasm for our subject doesn't lead to overwhelming students
with jargon?

Activity
https://quizlet.com/819392215/educational-jargon-flash-cards/?new Use Match

More information Educational jargon

https: //interactcom.com/academic-jargon-why-its-evil-and-how-to-crush-it-with-7-simple-tips/
https: //www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2015/11/11/a-serious-rant-about-
education-jargon-and-how-it-hurts-efforts-to-improve-schools/
47. Blended teaching and learning

Introduction
In today's higher education, a mix of traditional teaching and technology, called blended teaching
and learning, is becoming popular. This combines in-person teaching with online tools, benefiting
both students and university professors.
Blended teaching mixes classroom learning with online resources. Professors can make videos,
interactive quizzes, and online discussions to help students learn better. This way, students can
understand more and work together easily. It also helps students learn how to manage their time
and be responsible for their studies.
Using blended teaching helps us adjust to the digital world. It makes teaching and learning better
and encourages students to be more involved. This prepares them well for the future.

Video
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=C939JILoTFU

Questions
Advantages:
a. How do you think blended learning can enhance students' engagement in the classroom?
b. What types of multimedia resources have you found most effective in your blended teaching
approach?
c. Have you noticed any improvements in students' understanding of complex topics through
blended learning methods?
d. How does blended learning help students develop skills like time management and self-
discipline?
e. In what ways does blended learning allow for more personalized learning experiences for
students with different learning styles?
f. Can you share any success stories of students who thrived in a blended learning environment?
g. How does blended learning support collaborative learning and peer interaction among
students?
h. What role does immediate online feedback play in improving students' learning outcomes in a
blended classroom?
i. Have you found that blended learning helps students better retain information in the long term?
j. How can blended learning be a platform for integrating real-world scenarios and practical
applications into the curriculum?

Disadvantages:
k. What challenges have you faced in maintaining a balance between online and in-person
interactions in blended teaching?
l. How can the digital divide impact students' access to online resources and thus their
participation in blended learning?
m. What strategies do you use to ensure that students don't feel overwhelmed by the technology
aspect of blended learning?
n. Have you encountered any difficulties in creating effective assessments that evaluate both
online and in-person learning components?
o. What are some concerns about the loss of face-to-face interactions and personal connections
in a blended learning setting?
p. How do you address the potential lack of motivation among students who might prefer
traditional classroom settings?
q. What measures do you take to ensure the quality and authenticity of online content used in
blended teaching?
r. How does the flexibility of blended learning impact students' ability to manage their workload
and responsibilities?
s. Are there any concerns about cheating or academic integrity in online assessments within a
blended learning model?
t. How can the use of technology in blended learning sometimes lead to distractions or reduced
focus on the learning material?
u. What strategies have you developed to overcome potential resistance to change from students
who are used to traditional teaching methods?

Overall Reflection:
v. Considering the advantages and disadvantages, how do you see the future of blended learning
evolving in higher education?
w. What additional support or training do educators need to effectively implement blended
learning strategies?
x. How can universities ensure that faculty members are well-equipped to navigate the
challenges and benefits of blended learning?
y. What research opportunities exist to further explore the effectiveness of blended learning in
different subject areas?
z. Can you share any personal insights or experiences that have shaped your perspective on the
advantages and disadvantages of blended learning?

Activity
https://quizlet.com/819384779/blended-learning-flash-cards/ Use Matching
More information
https://itali.uq.edu.au/teaching-guidance/learning-spaces-and-modes/blended-teaching
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xbg7qtWB1wo

Workshops

1. English as a Medium of Instruction at Mexican Universities

Introduction
The notion of implementing an English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) program within university
settings has gained considerable traction in recent years. EMI programs involve delivering
academic content in English, transcending language barriers to foster a globally competitive
learning environment. This approach aims to equip students with language proficiency and cross-
cultural skills, essential for thriving in an interconnected world. By providing access to a broader
pool of resources and fostering international collaboration, EMI programs offer a dynamic
pathway to academic excellence and personal growth.

Open the following web page:

https: //usmexfusion.org/publishing/uni_global/21-English-as-a-Medium-of-Instruction-at-
Mexican-Universities-Strategies-for-Success-in-Integrating-Language-and-Learning-in-
English.html

Read the sections:

The Importance of EMI in the Globalized World

Challenges Faced by Mexican Universities in Implementing EMI

A. Activity - In your group, answer the following questions collectively and be prepared to give
your responses when you return to the main session.

1. What are some of the potential benefits of implementing an English as a Medium of Instruction
(EMI) program in universities.

2. What are some of the challenges of implementing an EMI program?

3. What resources do you need to implement an EMI program?

B. Activity – In your group choose three of the questions from the following list and answer the
questions collectively. Be prepared to give your responses when you return to the main session.

Questions
a. How has the adoption of English as a Medium of Instruction impacted internationalization
efforts in universities?
b. What factors influence a university's decision to offer programs in English as opposed to the
local language?
c. What challenges do non-native English-speaking students face in EMI programs, and how can
these challenges be addressed?
d. How does English proficiency of both students and instructors affect the effectiveness of EMI in
higher education?
e. What strategies can universities implement to ensure equal access and success for students
from diverse language backgrounds in EMI programs?
f. How do universities measure the success and outcomes of EMI programs in terms of students'
language proficiency and subject mastery?
g. What role does teacher training and professional development play in enhancing the quality of
EMI instruction?
h. How do universities balance the need for English proficiency with the preservation of local
languages and cultures?
i. What are the potential benefits of offering bilingual or multilingual instruction alongside EMI in
universities?
j. What are the best practices for integrating language support services into EMI programs to
assist students with language challenges?
k. How can universities create a conducive learning environment that fosters effective
communication in EMI classrooms?
l. What strategies can be employed to bridge the gap between students' language abilities and
the academic demands of EMI courses?
m. How does EMI impact the recruitment of international students and faculty members?
n. What are the implications of EMI on academic publishing and research communication within
universities?
o. How can universities ensure that EMI programs do not compromise the depth of subject matter
understanding due to language barriers?
p. What cultural considerations should universities take into account when implementing EMI to
accommodate diverse student backgrounds?
q. How can universities maintain a balance between promoting English proficiency and ensuring
students' understanding of complex academic content?
r. What role do technology and digital resources play in enhancing EMI instruction and student
engagement?
s. How do universities address potential backlash from local communities when English becomes
the dominant language of instruction?
t. What role does ongoing assessment and feedback play in refining EMI programs and
addressing emerging challenges?

2. Engaging learners

Introduction
Engaging learners at the university level is an endeavor of paramount importance, where the role
of educators extends beyond imparting knowledge to cultivating a transformative educational
experience. The diverse backgrounds, aspirations, and learning styles of university students
underscore the need for innovative teaching approaches. From interactive activities and
technology integration to real-world applications, the journey of engaging learners is a
collaborative effort, shaping not only intellectual growth but also lifelong learning skills.

A. Activity – In your group, answer the following questions collectively and be prepared to give
your responses when you return to the main session.

1. Tell your group member about you worst university level learning experience.
2. Tell your group members about your best university level learning experience.

B. Activity - In your group choose three of the strategies for maintaining student engagement
from the following list and answer the questions collectively. Be prepared to give your responses
when you return to the main session.

1. Explain why you chose those strategies.

2. Explain how you could use these strategies when teaching your subject during the first week
of class

Strategies

a. Interactive Activities: Incorporate a variety of interactive activities such as group discussions,

debates, case studies, and problem-solving exercises to actively involve students in the learning
process.

b. Technology Integration: Utilize technology tools, multimedia, and online platforms to enhance
engagement through virtual field trips, interactive simulations, and multimedia presentations.
c. Real-World Relevance: Relate course content to real-world applications and current events,
demonstrating the practical value of the material and sparking students' interest.

d. Inquiry-Based Learning: Encourage inquiry-based learning by posing thought-provoking

questions, encouraging critical thinking, and allowing students to explore topics of their interest.

e. Active Participation: Create a positive classroom environment that encourages participation,

where students feel comfortable asking questions and sharing their thoughts.

f. Varied Teaching Methods: Employ a mix of teaching methods, such as lectures, group work,
role-playing, and hands-on activities, to cater to different learning preferences.

g. Flipped Classroom: Implement a flipped classroom approach, where students engage with
course materials before class and use class time for interactive discussions and collaborative
activities.

h. Problem-Based Learning: Introduce real-world problems related to the course content that
students work together to solve, fostering engagement and critical thinking.

i. Student Choice: Allow students some choice in selecting research topics, projects, or
assignments, which can increase their motivation and engagement.

j. Regular Feedback: Provide timely feedback on assignments and assessments to help

students track their progress and maintain their motivation.

k. Guest Speakers: Invite guest speakers from relevant industries or academia to share their
expertise and provide practical insights on the subject matter.

l. Peer Collaboration: Encourage peer collaboration and learning by assigning group projects,
where students can learn from each other's perspectives and experiences.

m. Active Learning Techniques: Use active learning techniques such as think-pair-share,

concept mapping, and peer teaching to keep students engaged throughout the class.

n. Incorporate Multimedia: Incorporate videos, podcasts, and other multimedia elements to

present content in diverse formats and engage different learning styles.

o. Clear Learning Objectives: Clearly communicate learning objectives and outcomes to

students, helping them understand the relevance of each session.

p. Feedback Surveys: Conduct regular anonymous feedback surveys to gather insights into
students' engagement levels and preferences, making adjustments accordingly.

q. Incorporate Reflection: Incorporate opportunities for reflection and self-assessment, allowing

students to connect their learning experiences to their personal and career goals.
More information - Engaging Students on the First Day and Every Day
https://hbsp.harvard.edu/inspiring-minds/engaging-students-on-the-first-day-and-every-day

3. Scaffolding techniques to support learners

Scaffolding for university-level students refers to a teaching approach where instructors provide
temporary and structured support to help students grasp complex concepts and skills. This
support is gradually reduced as students become more capable and independent learners.
Scaffolding techniques include breaking down tasks, offering step-by-step guidance, providing
resources, and encouraging critical thinking, all designed to facilitate deeper understanding and
promote students' autonomy in their academic pursuits.

https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=-28iobD8ydM

Part I
Go to the following website and read the article about Scaffolding. Then work together to answer
the following 4 questions about the article. Be prepared to give your responses when you return
to the main session.

https://www.gcu.edu/blog/teaching-school-administration/what-scaffolding-education

Question 1: What is one effective way to scaffold learning through modeling?

A) Providing written instructions

B) Assigning independent research
C) Exploring tangential topics
D) Walking students through the steps

Question 2: Connecting new learning to prior life experiences helps students integrate
information quickly because:

A) It eliminates the need for reflection

B) It makes the content easier to understand
C) It encourages memorization of new facts
D) It adds complexity to the learning process

Question 3: What technique involves students thinking about a topic, discussing it with a
classmate, and then sharing key details with the whole class?

A) Independent study
B) Socratic seminar
C) Solo reflection
D) Think-Pair-Share

Question 4: Which type of vocabulary words are often domain-specific and defined within a
text?

A) Tier-one words
B) Tier-two words
C) Tier-three words
D) Basic words

Part II
Return to the same website
https://www.gcu.edu/blog/teaching-school-administration/what-scaffolding-education

Work together to answer the following questions about the article. Be prepared to give your
responses when you return to the main session.

Question 5: Graphic organizers are valuable tools in instructional scaffolding because they:

A) Eliminate the need for teacher guidance

B) Are exclusively used during independent work
C) Help students understand abstract concepts
D) Replace the need for discussions

Question 6: How can technology be used to support instructional scaffolding?

A) By replacing teacher-student interactions

B) By making the learning process more complex
C) By providing additional homework assignments
D) By offering lecture videos and interactive content

Question 7: In a Socratic seminar, students engage with a text by:

A) Memorizing the entire text

B) Debating the author's ideas
C) Preparing ideas and responding to questions
D) Writing a summary of the text's content

Question 8: What is the purpose of tier-two vocabulary instruction?

A) To teach basic everyday words

B) To introduce domain-specific terms
C) To expand students' vocabulary in all areas
D) To assess students' prior knowledge

Question 9: How can teachers use graphic organizers in the instructional scaffolding process?

A) To replace traditional lectures

B) To eliminate student participation
C) To help students organize their thinking
D) To discourage independent thinking

Question 10: Adaptive online curriculum programs are beneficial because they:

A) Remove the need for teacher involvement

B) Provide a one-size-fits-all approach
C) Personalize learning based on student needs
D) Limit students to a fixed learning path

Answers to the quiz

1. D) Walking students through the steps

2. B) It makes the content easier to understand
3. D) Think-Pair-Share
4. C) Tier-three words
5. C) Help students understand abstract concepts
6. D) By offering lecture videos and interactive content
7. C) Preparing ideas and responding to questions
8. B) To introduce domain-specific terms
9. C) To help students organize their thinking
10 C) Personalize learning based on student needs

Questions
a) How would you define instructional scaffolding in education?
b) What are some key benefits of using scaffolding techniques in the classroom?
c) Can you provide an example of how modeling can be effective in instructional scaffolding?
d) How do you ensure that scaffolding techniques are appropriate for different grade levels?
e) What strategies do you use to connect new learning to students' prior knowledge effectively?
f) In your experience, which instructional scaffolding technique do students tend to respond to
most positively?
g) How do you encourage meaningful discussions among students during think-pair-share
activities?
h) Could you share an example of a successful Socratic seminar you've conducted with your
students?
i) When introducing tier-two vocabulary words, how do you ensure students understand and
retain them?
j) How do graphic organizers enhance students' comprehension and organization of complex
information?
k) In what ways can technology complement and support instructional scaffolding methods?
l) What are some challenges you've encountered while implementing scaffolding techniques?
m) How do you strike a balance between providing support and allowing students to develop
independence?
n) Can you share your thoughts on how scaffolding can be adapted for online or hybrid learning
environments?
o) What strategies do you use to assess the effectiveness of your instructional scaffolding
approaches?
p) How can scaffolding techniques be tailored to accommodate students with varying learning
abilities?
q) In what situations do you find collaborative learning to be particularly effective in scaffolding?
r) How do you encourage students to take ownership of their learning as they become more
proficient?
s) What role does reflection play in the scaffolding process, and how do you facilitate it
effectively?
t) How do you address potential drawbacks or limitations of using scaffolding in education?

More information – website and videos about scaffolding

https://pce.sandiego.edu/scaffolding-in-education-examples/
https://www.buffalo.edu/catt/develop/build/scaffolding.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zZvf0PbKeRQ
https://www.wested.org/resources/zone-of-proximal-development/#: ~: text=The%20Zone%20of
%20Proximal%20Development,collaboration%20with%20more%20capable%20peers.

4. Translanguaging

Introduction
Translanguaging is the ability to move fluidly between languages and a pedagogical approach to
teaching in which teachers support this ability. In translanguaging, students are able to think in
multiple languages simultaneously and use their home language as a vehicle to learn academic
English.

A student could be reading an article about the solar system in English, but in their brain, they are
also thinking and making connections in Spanish. They might annotate in Spanish or first write
down reading comprehension responses in Spanish and then figure out how to provide the
responses in English.

Videos
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=ccOuJSWpj0o
https: //ealjournal.org/2016/07/26/what-is-translanguaging/
https: //www.bell-foundation.org.uk/eal-programme/guidance/effective-teaching-of-eal-learners/
great-ideas/translanguaging/

Activity I - In your group choose three of the strategies for translanguaging from the following list.
Work together to explain how you can implement these three strategies in your classes. Be
prepared to give your responses when you return to the main session.

Strategies commonly used in translanguaging:

1. Code-Switching: Alternating between languages within a conversation or piece of writing to
convey nuances and meaning effectively.
2. Translation: Converting text or speech from one language to another to aid understanding and
communication.
3. Multilingual Group Discussions: Encouraging students to discuss topics in a mix of languages,
allowing them to share their thoughts comfortably.
4. Bilingual Glossing: Providing explanations or definitions in one language alongside content
delivered in another language.
5. Cross-Linguistic Writing: Allowing students to draft assignments or essays in their native
language before translating them into English.
6. Language Peer Tutoring: Pairing students with different language strengths to support each
other's language development.
7. Language Reflection Journals: Having students write reflections on their learning experiences
in both English and their native language.
8. Multilingual Presentations: Encouraging students to use a combination of languages when
giving presentations, considering their audience's language diversity.
9. Cognate Awareness: Teaching students about words that are similar across languages due to
shared origins, aiding vocabulary acquisition.

Activity II - In your group choose three of the questions about translanguaging from the following
list. Work together to answer these questions. Be prepared to give your responses when you
return to the main session.
Questions
a. How can you create a classroom environment that values and supports students' multilingual
abilities through translanguaging?
b. What strategies can you use to encourage students to use their first language alongside
English to enhance their learning experience?
c. In what ways can you help EAL ( English as an Additional Language)students feel confident
and proud of their linguistic diversity when implementing translanguaging?
d. How might allowing students to freely choose their preferred language for different tasks or
discussions contribute to effective translanguaging?
e. What types of activities can you design to promote collaborative learning and peer interaction
through translanguaging?
f. How can you incorporate students' native languages to explain complex concepts and foster
better understanding in the classroom?
g. What role can peer teaching and learning play in facilitating translanguaging among students?
h. How can you strike a balance between translanguaging and maintaining a focus on improving
students' English proficiency?
i. What resources, such as bilingual dictionaries or online translation tools, can you recommend
to support translanguaging in the classroom?
j. How can you encourage students to share their diverse cultural backgrounds and language
skills through class discussions or presentations?
k. What strategies can you employ to ensure that translanguaging doesn't become a barrier to
English language development?
l. In what ways can you assess and provide feedback on students' work that incorporates
translanguaging?
m. How might you address potential concerns from students who are not comfortable with or
resistant to translanguaging practices?
n. What can you do to create a safe space where students feel free to use their native languages
without fear of judgment?
o. How can you collaborate with other faculty members to create a consistent approach to
translanguaging across different courses?
p. What training or workshops can you provide to other professors to help them integrate
translanguaging into their teaching methods?
q. How can technology, such as subtitles in different languages for course materials, enhance
translanguaging efforts in an online setting?
r. What role can guest speakers who speak the same native language as some students play in
promoting translanguaging?
s. How might you adapt your teaching materials to accommodate translanguaging, such as
providing bilingual handouts or resources?
t. What potential benefits and challenges do you foresee when implementing translanguaging in
large lecture-style classes?
u. How can you involve EAL students in the decision-making process regarding when and how to
use translanguaging in the classroom?
v. What strategies can you use to address concerns from monolingual students who might feel
left out due to translanguaging practices?
w. How can you communicate the value and rationale behind translanguaging to both students
and colleagues?
x. What research opportunities exist to explore the effectiveness of translanguaging in specific
subject areas?
y. How can you continuously reflect and adapt your translanguaging practices based on student
feedback and outcomes?

More information
https: //www.translanguagingeducation.org/translanguaging-strategies
https: //www.humanrestorationproject.org/writing/translanguaging-as-a-humanizing-pedagogy?
gclid=Cj0KCQjwrfymBhCTARIsADXTabkbOKchUa6IspPQ7Q6Tz-
oy8aodJXZvejmj6eyMo94liVeCJgBkBOIaAjLREALw_wcB

5. 21st Century Skills for Higher Education Students

Part 1
21st Century Skills for Higher Education Students in EU Countries: Perception
of Academicians and HR Managers

The Canadian Center of Science and Education recently published a study about 21st
Century Skills for Higher Education Students. The study's main aim is to assess the
labor market demands in the European Union regarding 21st-century skills. This
analysis was conducted from the perspectives of academics and human resource
managers in five countries: Turkey, the Czech Republic, Italy, Bulgaria, and Spain.
The study's sample comprises five national reports, with input gathered from 28
human resources managers and 14 academics.

Considering the answers given by both groups about skills, it can be said that there
are significant differences between them. While academics express the most
necessary skill as communication, it is respectively followed by problem-solving skill,
collaboration skill, self-motivation skill, and creativity/innovation skill. These skills are
then followed by computer literacy, critical thinking, foreign language, leadership skill
and listening. These skills are finally followed by computer literacy, critical thinking,
foreign language, leadership skill and listening. HR managers, on the other hand, find
state collaboration/team working skill as the most important skill. Collaboration is
respectively followed by agility, computer literacy, foreign language skill and
problem-solving skill. These skills are then followed by critical thinking, leadership
skill, creativity (innovation) skill, change management skill, customer orientation skill,
global and local connections, intercultural skill, negotiation skill and self-management
skills.

Activity – Work together to answer the following questions about the text. Be
prepared to share your answers when you return to the main session.

1. What are some of the differences in the expectations between HR managers

and academics?

2. Why do you think that such differences exist?

3. Is there any overlap in the two sets of expectations?

4. What do you think are the most important 21st century skills for university
graduates?

Part 2

Here is a list of some essential 21st-century skills that many think that university
students should possess, along with ways university professors can help students
develop these skills:

1. Critical Thinking and Problem Solving:

- Pose challenging questions and assign complex projects that require analysis.

2. Communication Skills:
- Assign group presentations, written reports, and debates.

3. Collaboration and Teamwork:

- Assign group projects to foster teamwork and responsibility.

4. Adaptability and Flexibility:

- Assign projects with changing scenarios or evolving technologies.

5. Digital Literacy:
- Integrate relevant digital tools into coursework.

6. Creativity and Innovation:

- Encourage creativity through open-ended projects and diverse perspectives.

7. Cultural Competence and Global Awareness:

- Include diverse perspectives and global issues in course materials.

8. Leadership Skills:
- Offer leadership opportunities in student organizations and class projects.
9. Environmental Awareness:
- Integrate sustainability topics into the curriculum.

10. Self-Directed Learning:

- Promote independent research and self-study.

Activity - Work together and chose three of the above skills or include skills that you
feel are important. Explain how you could implement this skills in course courses.
Be prepared to share your answers when you return to the main session.

More Information
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1341317.pdf
https://katieclum.org/2021/10/11/21st-century-skills-in-the-higher-education-classroom/