Parking Surveys—~ 61. Need for Parking Surveys Parking is one of the serious problems that confront the urban planner andthe traffic engineer. Before any measures for the better- ment ofthe conditions can be formulated basic data pertaining to the availability of parking space, extent of its usage and parking demand are essential. If it is proposed to implement a system of parking charges it will also be necessary to knowhow much to Charge and what will be the effect of the pricing policy on Parking. Parking surveys are intended to supply all this kind of. information. 62." Definition of Common Terms First ofall, itis desirable to understand clearlythe meaning of - certain terms associated with parking Th i lagi arenes a '8: These terms and their mean- = = as oa number of vehicles parked onal eee Meee ve of parking. accumulation » AVERAGE ais hy ease. SIS% LACCUMUL ation ER OF, VEHICLES PAR NUMB 6 810122 4 6 By TIME OF pay —_~," 12 Fig. 6.1. Parking accumulation diagram,paRnkING SURVEYS lhc 69 _Barking volume. The number of vehicles parkingin «..... a ven period of time. It ig parking ina particu. jal “ usually meas; ured in vehicles per day h der th € area under t] e parking accumulatio; ” rattnglond te For example, in Fig. planer e : P 6-1, the hatched represents the parking load in vehicle-hour for a period of 4 hour, from 6 AM to 10 AM. . The length of time spent in a parking space. ‘ercentage of parking bays actually occupied bye ‘ompared to the theoretical number available. on Number of bays occupied / dex = Ratbins Sede = Thecreticd ieaies of bays available5 100 Parking turn-oveh, Rate of the useage of the available Park- ing spa ere 10 parking spaces used by 100 vehicles in a period of, say 12 hours, then the parking turnover would be i = aay vehicles per space in a period of 12 hours. 63. Types of Parking ‘Surveys The type of parking survey to be comprehensive parking plan for an area can be ‘vary detailed in scope. The data collected and the degree of sophistication employed depend upon the funds available. Detailed manuals for conducting such a survey give general guidance (Ref 1-3). The following are the types of parking surveys usually con- ducted : © Parking space inventory. Pe (@) Parking usage survey/by patrol, These will be discussed in detail. S4. “Parking Space Inventory The first step in a parking survey is to collect da on the Mount, type and location of eae actually or petentially available a Parking-ir-an area—TI urve! ould first be is usually the area where rounding the central business turvey where the parking spills over should also be included in the and #2, The survey area is then subdivided on a street-by-street basis the sub-divisions marked on a map: Sketch plans of the streets conducted for formulating a70 PARKING SURVEy, are then prepared in advance. The data on parking facilities shoulq be recorded on the sketch plans using suitable symbols. The items to be recorded should include the following : (a) Total length of kerb, and lengths governed by no waiting and limited waiting restrictions. (6) Number of parking spaces provided in the street. (c) Street width. (d) Location of bus stops, bus bays, pedestrian crossings, fire hydrants, loading zones, taxi stands, driveways and other features that are likely to affect the use of the street for parking. (e) Traffic management measures in force, such as prohibited turns, one way streets, exclusive bus lanes etc. () Number and type of traffic signs for regulation of parking. (g) Private streets, service and rear-access alleys. (4) Vacant or unused land suitable for temporary or permanent parking space. Atypical sketch plan for a street with the above information recorded is given in Fig. 6-2. We lfevr feqyr PARKING PROHIBITED <— FULLY OR PARTIALLY B PEDESTRIAN CROSSING — — — PARKING IN MARKED BAYS, PARRALEL PARKING @ PARKING CApaciTY ALoMETERED PARKING PARKING IN MARKED BAYS, LR sncte parninc Pees ARKING WITHOUT MARKED BAYS: -oL = BUS STOP Fig. 6:2.qRAFFIC ENGINEERING AND TRANSPORT 71 Off-street parking facilities should be recorded separately, indicating the type, capacity, parking charges, parking pattern, entrances and exits. 65. Parking Useage Survey by Patrol 6-5-1. Purpose The purpose of. ing usage survey is (0 obtain data on the extent of usage of parking spaces. ‘he survey will include counts 0} parked vel i ‘at regular als through a period, covering both the morning and evening peak period, and the parking accumulation andt-rn-over. The survey can be fof on-atresi and cea. =e) The general methodology for botirthé surveys is similar, though minor details can be different. The method consists of making periodic observations of parked vehicles|on each patrol. ‘or off-street obser- vations, the entire parking spacecarrb Hed or, alternatively, the entrances and exits may be observed continuously. 6-5-2. Mapping t! ee be covered by the patrol, showingtherein its sub-division into sec- tions. Street junctions make convenient points for determining the sections. A typical map is given in Fig. 6-3. L Recording side shown by arrow Fig. 6-3. Patrol map.ee PARKING SURVey, i id The recording can be for both sides of the road or ERR tely for forms should clearly show the fi ee eee spi the sido or sides n pai }. The length of streets to be covered iy ‘a patrol is limited by : (i) the speed of walking while noting the registration numberg and (ii) the frequency of patrol. A speed of 900 m in half an hour is useful guide, which shoulg be altered to suit the density of parking. 6-5-3. Frequency of patrol Though more frequent patrols result in more accurate data th, ° nd b alysis 8_mo) frequency of.% an hour sfa white a frequency ould be img. A frequency of % an hour is likely to miss short-term parkers (up to 29 minutes duration) and thie mreke necessary to have more frequent patrols in selected areas where Parking may be significant, e.g., near banks, post offices servation pot, jut ees vehicles dre not parked oving car may ised. As an aid,a ler‘may be used to record the registration numbers of etc. 6-5-4. Method of ob Usually patrols are b 65-5. Timing of survey The survey should be done on Conical wook day) from A yee factors likely to result in non-representative chara teristics. The 65-6, Equipment and form of recording hobsery will be equipped with 4 pencil, 2 asupply rig) {map ofthesivet and a board, craton form is shown 65-7, Analysis ‘The analysis ofthe data is simplified if iti i ical manner (Ref, 3 he Plified ifitis d amethodica! + (Ref. 3) as indicated in Forms 1,2,3,4 and 6. In these forms the data recorded in Fig. 6-4 have been used.“hanans joxyed Aq oBvasn Buppred wo wyep Surpsosox jo wos wouradg “4-9 ‘Bt 2 e wy vy fi 626. LI. 118 ost |_| ost WW We Str Str i 1 ad cy iL iL er err 86 86 WIL FIL SLT 9 oy Tze Tze 26 161 66 ot. 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OF TIMES SEEN | 1 | 2 | 3-4] 5-8 | 9-12 | 18-20 | 21-22 [TOTAL ‘Average Durationin | %| 1 |1%-2/244 4%-6 | 64-10 | Over Hours jeson |e ‘Total Parked ‘712| 414 | 398} 342} 162 84 20 2132 & 39} 19 | 19] 17 : 4 1 100 Vehicle-Hours of ‘356/414 | 6951110] 850 | 694 215 4334 occupation % 8/10] 16] 25] 20 16 5 100 Fig. 6-8. Parking Analysis : Form 4. PARKING ANALYSIS : FORM 5 ‘AREANO.1 PARKING DURATION THE PEAK PERIOD (DERIVED FROM FORM2) DATE: THURS, 1.4.96 NO.OF TIMES SEEN | 1| 2 | 3-4} 5-8 | 9-12 | 13-20 | 21-22 ‘TOTAL | AverageDurationin | %| 1 |1%-2/2%4| 4%6/6%-10 Over Hours . 10 4 —__} Total Parked 23) 40 | 72] 81 4 62 10 362 & 6 | 11} 20} 22 21 17 3 100 Vehicle-Hours of 12] 40 | 126] 264) 388 | 512 108 1450 occupation % 1/3] 9 [1] 27 | 35 | 7 |. 100 Fig. 6-9. Parking Analysis : Form 5. co iorron the extent to which the existing facilities 4 are being used, the parking requirements ut the PICae existing at the time of the aurvay-the parking demand at afferent, — Prices, the distribution of demand over area and time and the journey Purposes of car parkers (Ref. 5). 6-6-2. The survey can either be made by making enquiries mong the car owners living in the vicinity of the survey area, or by making enquiries among the drivers of cars seen to park in the area at the time of the survey. In the former method, a sample of car wners is selected from the list of car owners and the questionnaires78 TRAFFIC ENGINEERING AND TRANSPORD 5 . Non-respondents can be followed up ang eal fe ne aap cre griseed up to the requirements oth whole population. The second method suffers from a disadvant. that it misses information about potential parkers who never bring their cars to the survey area for want of space, but this can nf overcome by a supplementary sample. 6-6-3. In the interview of actual parkers, the info, collected should include : (@) address of origin of the trip (ii) address of destination of the trip (ii) trip purpose —~ (i) time of arrival at the parking place (©) time of departure from the parking place (vi) type of parking wrtce odd (oii) type of vehicle, ormally one interviewer is required to cover about fifteen spaces, All the parkers in 8 or 10 hours period are interviewed. The duration of the survey may be a single day (working day) or may be spread over a number of days. 6-7. Cordon Count’ TMaAtion it is The difference betwe: Parked or in motion 68. Photographic Methods Photographic methods are findi iéation id park? ing surveys. Theseiace ung useful application in parl dealt with in Chapter 7, REFERENCES @ Comprehensive Parl on Urb 1. Conducting National Committee 2. Conducting a Limited Parking § ; 2 g Study, Proced ‘National a: ‘nsportation, Chicago, "° Manual 3C Nat }. Parking iy it an rking in Town Centres, Planning Bulletin 7, H.MS.O., London 4. ECAPE, Manualon Traffj , ic Surveys, United Nati 197. 6. G4. Roth, Parking pac, fe d Nations, New York, sional Papers, University ofc ‘bridge, 1965, °***ing the Demand, Osse