Theme 10

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. ultimate B. study C. pursuit D. funny
2. A. adequate B. private C. facilitate D. candidate
3. A. interaction B. initiative. C. hospitality D. interaction
4. A. overwhelming B. compassionate C. collection D. opportunity
5. A. voluntarily B. prioritize C. potential D. hospitality
6. A. geyser B. honeymoon C. journey D. money
7. A. envelopes B. communicates C. headaches D. judges
8. A. dumb B. lamb C. rib D. plumber
9. A. charlatan B. charade C. champagne D. cherish
10. A. genius B. e-learning C. email D. employable
11. A. temptation B. interaction C. hospitality D. adequate
12. A. self-directed B. compulsory C. pursuit D. choosing
13. A. necessary B. adequate C. overwhelming D. temptation
14. A. facilitate B. education C. voluntary D. motivated
15. A. initiative B. interaction C. negotiate D. facilitate
16. A. graduate B. mandatory C. explode D. persuade
17. A. investigate B. neglect C. gaol D. progress
18. A. chooses B. clothes C. encourages D. boxes
19. A. design B. persuade C. pursue D. increase
20. A. motivation B. initiative C. optional D. restricted
21. A. secure B. employable C. rewarding D. convenient
22. A. shadow B. hospitality C. overwhelming D. donation
23. A. career B. interaction C. secure D. fascinating
24. A. tension B. moisture C. extent D. upset
25. A. yield B. shield C. audience D. grief
26. A. backstroke B. associate C. control D. comfort
27. A. college B. delegate C. manage D. region
28. A. rough B. souvenir C. touch D. courage
29. A. social B. educate C. country D. electronic
30. A. movement B. lose C. who D. women
31. A. labour B. famous C. honour D. our
32. A. technical B. change C. much D. exchange
33. A. prime B. service C. society D. childbearing
II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. probation B. adequate C. talented D. specialize
2. A. website B. worship C. unique D. lifelong.
3. A. directed B. motivate C. confident D. paperwork
4. A. interaction B. flexibility C. facilitate D. hospitality
5. A. certificate B. knowledgeable C. prosperity D. development
6. A. applicant B. nutritious C. safeguarding D. habitat
7. A. mathematics B. centenarian C. approachable D. territorial
8. A. upmarket B. subsequent C. cultural D. rational
9. A. anonymous B. spectacular C. perseverance D. commodity
10. A. adequate B. ultimate C. convenience D. genius
11. A. flexibility B. voluntarily C. hospitality D. technological
12. A. initiative B. interaction C. self-directed D. overwhelming
1
13. A. opportunity B. enthusiasm C. informality D. independently
14. A. authentic B. ultimate C. graduate D. personal
15. A. compulsory B. voluntary C. initiative D. investigate
16. A. optional B. primary C. selective D. national
17. A. unchangeable B. adjustable C. emotional D. privilege
18. A. reluctant B. different C. flexible D. willingly
19. A. rewarding B. dishwasher C. adequate D. genius
20. A. fascinating B. voluntary C. maturity D. hospitable
21. A. criteria B. equivalent C. symbolize D. intensity
22. A. suffer B. victim C. orient D. unwise
23. A. millennium B. legendary C. behaviour D. statistical
24. A. sympathize B. vocational C. photography D. eliminate
25. A. medieval B. interactive C. promotional D. liberation
26. A. establish B. educate C. regional D. operate
27. A. labor B. country C. promote D. women
28. A. represent B. intensive C. domestic D. employment
29. A. minister B. dependent C. encourage D. agreement
30. A. social B. proportion C. industry D. easily
III. Choose the best answer.
1. The entire education system _____ to facilitate lifelong and ‘lifewide’ learning.
A. designed B. designed C. is designed D. is designing
2. A skilled population is the key _____ a country’s sustainable development and stability.
A. for B. to C. by D. in
3. Two ground-breaking reports on lifelong learning by UNESCO _____ in 1972 and 1996 articulated
fundamental principles of lifelong learning.
A. to publish B. publishing C. published D. having published
4. Lifelong learning can enhance our understanding of the world around us, provide us _____ more and
better opportunities and improve our quality of life.
A. for B. of C. with D. by
5. Lifelong learning involves the use of both formal and informal learning opportunities throughout
people’s lives in order to foster the _____ development.
A. continuing B. continuous C. continual D. continued
6. “Anyone who stops learning is old, _____. Anyone who keeps learning stays young.” - Henry Ford
A. either at twenty or eighty B. neither at twenty or eighty
C. neither at twenty nor eighty D. whether at twenty or eighty
7. “The more I live, the more I learn. _____.” - Michel Legrand
A. The more I learn, the more I realize that the less I know
B. The more I learn, the more I realize that I know the less
C. The more I learn, the more I realize to know the les
D. The more I learn, the more I realize, the less I know
8. “Curiosity is one of _____ permanent and certain characteristics of a vigorous intellect.” - Samuel
Johnson
A. a B. the C. its D. those
9. “Education is the process _____ we discover that learning adds quality to our lives. Learning must be
experienced.” - William Classer
A. which B. in which C. that D. by which
10. Rohit Sharma is digital marketing consultant and _____ on digital media and marketing projects with
several major brands.
A. works B. is working C. has worked D. worked
2
11. “Educating yourself does not mean that you were stupid in the first place; it means that you are
intelligent enough to know that there _____ plenty left to.” - Melanie Joy
A. is B. are C. will be D. would be
12. “If I _____ and my life depended on the solution, I would spend the first 55 minutes determining the
proper question to ask, for once I know the proper question, I could solve the problem in less than five
minutes.” - Albert Einstein
A. have an hour to solve a problem B. had an hour solving a problem
C. had had an hour to solve a problem D. had an hour to solve a problem
13. If he had not spent his youth not learning anything, he _____ himself for his lack of knowledge now.
A. will not blame B. would not blame C. would not have blamed C. would blame
14. If he _____ this homework to do, he would have gone out with his friends.
A. had not B. didn’t have C. had had D. hadn’t had
15. Uneducated people, the kind _____ lack information about life, themselves, and the world, make poor
choices in their life that take away from themselves and society.
A. who B. that C.  D. whom
16. If you feel _____ you are easily swayed in life, then education is your answer to become stronger.
A. as B. like C. for D. with
17. “I strongly suggest _____ yourself on the things that interest you most in all areas of your lie.”
A. educate B. to educate C. educating B. to be educated
18. The Professor _____ his ideas clearly in the lecture.
A. ran across B. put across C. cut across D. came across
19. Were my grandfather alive, he _____ learning something new. He was really a studious.
A. will be B. would be C. would have been D. will have been
20. Things in this shop are too expensive. I won’t pay $500 for the fur coat because it is not worth _____.
A. that much all B. all that much C. that all much D. much all that
21. It is a policy in our school that you should _____ your student’s card when you leave the college.
A. give up B. turn in C. take in D. get out
22. A ratio is a comparison of _____ whole or a part to another part.
A. part to the B. a part to C. a part to the D. the part to the
23. We waited for you for over an hour. You really _____ have telephoned to say you were not coming.
A. can B. must C. might D. need
24. Don’t trust him. He is just a wolf in sheep’s _____.
A. clothing B. clothes C. cloth D. skin
25. We would sooner the chairman _____ us all the information we needed. We should have been well
informed.
A. sent B. send C. have sent D. had sent
26. The scheme is too expensive to be _____ at the present moment.
A. compatible B. liable C. feasible D. accessible
27. Many technological innovations, such as the telephone, _____ the result of sudden bursts of inspiration,
in fact, were preceded by many inconclusive efforts.
A. whose appearance B. that appear to be C. and appear to be D. are appearing
28. No one imagined that the apparently _____ businessman was really a criminal.
A. respective B. respecting C. respectful D. respectable
29. During the evening football match the stadium was illuminated by _____.
A. spotlights B. flashlights C. flood lights D. highlights
30. When we arrived at the campsite, it was _____ with rain.
A. running B. pouring C. falling D. dropping
31. I tried to say ‘I love you,’ but the words wouldn’t _____.
A. come out B. go off C. utter out D. set off
3
32. Despite recent attempts to prove _____ did indeed reach the North Pole in 1909, the evidence still
remains questionable.
A. what Robert Peary B. that Robert Peary C. Robert Peary, who D. which Robert Peary
33. Are you sure these motorbikes are _____?
A. to let B. for hire C. for use D. to rent
34. _____ her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.
A. Given B. Taken C. Considered D. Accounted
35. Fantastic! It’s a _____ that she wasn't here to see it.
A. dishonor B. regret C. sorrow D. shame
36. Oil _____ if you pour it on water.
A. floated B. has floated C. will be floated D. floats
37. The packaging materials for these goods should be _____ substances.
A. flammable B. flameless C. inflammable D. nonflammable
38. We can only give you the _____ number of refugees crossing the border at the moment.
A. suggestive B. indefinite C. approximate D. unclear
39. A man’s pay usually _____ from the number of hours he works in a week.
A. results B. depends C. starts D. earns
40. The water workers’ claim for a 10 percent pay rise has been under _____ by the Government.
A. application B. consideration C. inquiry D. regard
41. The Government has _____ an inquiry to investigate bribery in local elections.
A. set out B. come up C. put forward D. set up
42. Dentists will always try to save teeth rather than _____.
A. cut them off B. dig them up C. take them out D. let them down
43. I couldn’t believe that they were brothers. They were as different as _____.
A. fire and water B. milk and honey C. chalk and cheese D. dogs and cats
44. The whole of life is learning; therefore, education can have no _____.
A. stops B. endings C. finals D. lasts
45. Lifelong learning can enhance our understanding of the world around us, provide us with more and
better _____ and improve our quality of life.
A. opportunities B. incidents C. events D. occasions
46. Lifelong learners are _____ to learn and develop because they want to: it is a deliberate and voluntary
act.
A. stimulated B. affected C. interested D. motivated
47. Through reading you will never stop _____ and being amazed by the incredible creativity, and
intelligence.
A. to learn B. learning C. to understand D. understanding
48. Wisdom is not a product of schooling but of the lifelong _____ to acquire it.
A. attempt B. try C. manage D. hope
49. Asking the _____ questions can be more important than having the answers.
A. true B. right C. actual D. sure
50. We _____ won the game if we’d had a few more minutes.
A. have B. will C. had D. could have
51. If Nam hadn’t quarreled with the bad boys at school, he _____ a black eye.
A. would have had B. wouldn’t have had C. won’t have had D. hadn’t had
52. If you had taken my advice, you _____ in such difficulties now.
A. wouldn’t have been B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. won’t be
53. If Jack had tried hard the last season, _____.
A. he will now be in the national team B. he has never been in time for the match
C. he would now be in the national team D. he is never in time for the match
4
54. One of the most forgotten _____ of education is to teach students how they can learn on their own.
A. objects B. aims C. directions D. subjects
55. Today’s online world is full of opportunities for all of us to _____ our own learning path.
A. control B. influence C. discover D. determine
56. As a university student you are expected to take responsibility for your own learning and be _____.
A. self-absorbed B. self-directed C. self-aware D. self-centred
57 “Education is not _____ for life; education is life itself,” said John Dewey.
A. preparation B. arrangement C. agreement D. contribution
58. Lifelong learning is really important to _____ the successful life and career you want and deserve.
A. create B. creating C. invent D. inventing
59. Teachers have to be very _____ when working with students who have varying needs.
A. applicable B. capable C. flexible D. reliable
60. Curiosity and lack of fear of _____ is what distinguishes bright people.
A. comment B. question C. realism D. criticism
61. If there _____, the rice fields could have been more productive.
A. had been enough water B. were enough water
C. would be enough water D. had had enough water
62. If you _____ to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.
A. listen B. had listened C. will listen D. listened
63. If I had listened to my parents, I _____ at this job now.
A. don’t have to work B. am not working
C. wouldn’t be working D. wouldn’t have worked
64. If I hadn’t stayed up so late last night, I _____ so tired this morning.
A. don’t feel B. felt C. didn’t feel D. wouldn’t have felt
65. I _____ in terrible trouble right now if you hadn’t helped me.
A. am B. will be C. would be D. would have been
66. If I had a computer, I _____ the assignment last night.
A. finished B. have finished C. would have finished D. had finished
67. Education brings _____ and teaches us to live in society with a changing environment.
A. quality B. maturity C. ability D. increase
68. A covering letter is vital in creating a good first _____ and can be a key _____ in getting you invited to
a job interview.
A. affection – element B. affection – factor C. impression – factor D. impression – element
69. In order to be an effective learner, you need to be _____ and use different approaches to suit the
circumstances.
A. adaptable B. suitable C. acceptable D. available
70. Learning through experience, not just from books, is one of the best ways to give youth the _____ they
need for lifelong learning.
A. practices B. performances C. details D. skills
71. Education is _____ remains after one has forgotten everything he learned in school.
A. why B. which C. that D. what
72. It was most embarrassing. We _____ whisky half way through the party.
A. ran out B. ran out of C. put out D. put out of
73. How is he _____ with his class work these days?
A. taking on B. putting up C. getting on D. keeping on
74. Forgive us _____ we forgive our enemies.
A. as B. so C. although D. when
75. If he hadn’t wasted too much time, he _____ in his examination.
A. would fail B. wouldn’t fail C. won’t fail D. wouldn’t have failed
5
76. If Lucy’s car _____ down, she would be here by now.
A. didn’t break B. hadn’t broken C. doesn’t break D. wouldn’t have broken
77. To avoid accidents, you should read _____ for safety when you practise some water sports.
A. precautions B. threats C. guarantees D. explanations
78. Don’t swim or dive alone, especially drink and dive. The _____ of alcohol can be extremely dangerous
in diving.
A. result B. quality C. conditions D. effect
79. In many parts of the world, some techniques have been used to prevent desert _____.
A. extension B. spread C. expansion D. effect
80. Unless people have more _____ methods, their homes and land will be lost.
A. modern B. effective C. useful D. practical
81. Worldwide commercial _____ of animals for food and other products has reduced numbers of rare
species.
A. explosion B. eradication C. exploitation D. expansion
82. We should protect endangered species and their habitats _____ the earth’s valuable biodiversity for
future generations.
A. to improve B. to expand C. to provide D. to preserve
83. Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be
used for _____ or treated respectfully.
A. information B. instruction C. announcement D. advertisement
84. Water skiing is a sport and _____ activity and is popular in many countries around the world.
A. factual B. recreational C. personal D. commercial
85. UN programs offer several advantages in _____ economic development.
A. promoting B. changing C. challenging D. supporting
86. The ASEAN countries are going to adopt a _____ to establish a free trade zone.
A. negotiation B. contract C. admission D. resolution
87. _____ we finish our project, _____ we can start the next one.
A. The soonest / the soonest B. The sooner / the most soon
C. The soonest / the sooner D. The sooner / the sooner
88. _____ the content of carbon dioxide in the air, _____ heat it refines.
A. The higher / the less B. The more low / the greater
C. The lower / the more D. The higher / the more
89. Both roads lead to the city center, but the left–hand one is probably a bit _____ and _____.
A. shorter / more direct B. shorter / most direct
C. more short / more direct D. most short / most direct
90. The Ring of Fire – a zone of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions around the Pacific Ocean has
_____ volcanoes in the world.
A. the more B. the greatest C. the most D. the best
91. The exact questions she had prepared perfect answers for _____ in the exam.
A. came on B. came back C. came up D. came out of
92. Quite soon, the world is going to _____ energy sources.
A. get off B. cut down C. get into D. run out of
93. I won’t be able to go shopping with you today, I’m afraid. I’ve got a lot on at the moment. Can we
_____ it _____ till next week?
A. put / out B. put / off C. put / away D. put / on
94. Last year I had a bad car accident, and I spent two weeks in the hospital. It was a terrible experience,
and I hope I’ll never _____ anything like it again.
A. try on B. go through C. get over D. come round

6
95. I’m telling you, Marge. I don’t think I can _____ this mess much longer; I’m thinking about leaving
this apartment.
A. go out with B. get along with C. put up with D. catch up with
96. I ask Mary to run the office while I’m away _____ I know I can _____ her.
A. since / count on B. although / live on
C. unless / cope with D. when / talk over
97. _____ the severe temperature in deserts, desert plants are adapted to _____ extreme heat.
A. Although / get along with B. Because of / depend on
C. In spite of / cope with D. Even if / rely on
98. Two of the factories in our small town have closed. _____, unemployment is high now.
A. Therefore B. However C. Since D. So that
99. This fruit _____ kept in the refrigerator. _____, it will be spoiled soon.
A. must be/ Otherwise B. can be/ Despite C. will be/ Unless D. should be/ However
100. Where can we go on holiday next summer? My son likes going to a ski resort. _____, my daughter
enjoys water-skiing in the beach.
A. And also B. Consequently C. On the contrary D. Furthermore
101. We spent a couple of hours just trying to _____ what to do or where to go. If I had it all again, I
probably _____ plan out.
A. cope with/ should B. find out / might C. go through/ may D. figure out/ would
102. Why did the girl get embarrassed? I don’t think you _____ her.
A. would have kissed B. could have kissed
C. should have kissed D. might have kissed
103. Nicole had left because there was an important meeting in her office, so she _____ for you.
A. can’t wait B. shouldn’t have waited
C. couldn’t have waited D. won’t wait
104. Why did you stay at a hotel when you went to New York last month? You _____ with me. I _____
angry if you don’t stay with me the next time you come here.
A. would stay / would be C. could stay / will be
B. must stay / will be D. may stay / would be
105. _____ Ms Johnson has some time to meet you, I _____ give you a ring.
A. If / should B. When / can C. Whenever / may D. As soon as / will
106. _____ Ceylon had been independent for 24 years, its name _____ to Sri Lanka.
A. After / was changed B. When / has been changed
C. Since / has changed D. As soon as / is changed
107. More and more women have become _____ and do research on many fields as men do.
A. science B. scientific C. scientifically D. scientists
108. It is _____ that changes women’s lives and the perception of women’s roles.
A. educate B. education C. educational D. educated
109. They are designing a new program to help businesswomen with an attempt to promote _____ growth.
A. employ B. employer C. employee D. employment
110. UNESCO was established to encourage _____ among nations in the areas of education, science,
culture, and communication.
A. employment B. collaboration C. workforce D. independence
111. UNESCO hopes to encourage universal respect for justice, laws, human _____, and fundamental
freedoms.
A. rights B. projects C. programs D. protests
112. UNESCO has its _____ in Paris, France, and operates educational, scientific, and cultural programs
and exchanges from 60 field offices worldwide.
A. shelters B. houses C. homes D. headquarters
7
113. UNESCO has international cooperation agreements to secure the world's cultural and natural heritage
and to _____ human rights.
A. collaborate B. exchange C. preserve D. remain
114. The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is a specialized
_____ of the United Nations established on November 16, 1945.
A. office B. agency C. company D. enterprise
115. Women’s rights have given them an _____ to pursue high schooling and well-paid career.
A. agency B. employment C. access D. economy
116. About 1.3 billion people live in absolute poverty on _____ income of less than one US dollar a day.
70% of these people are women.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
117. Women’s rights became _____ important issue in the English speaking world.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
118. _____ the office staff learned about Jones’s promotion, they threw her a party.
A. Before B. When C. By the time D. Since
119. John has not phoned us _____ he left the city.
A. after B. until C. since D. as
120. David was crossing the street _____ a truck turned round at the corner and nearly hit him.
A. by the time B. as far as C. till D. when
121. As soon as Mary _____, she _____ to her hometown.
A. graduates / will return B. will graduate / returns
C. will be graduating / has returned D. graduated / had returned
122. Stay here _____.
A. since I came back B. until I come back
C. when I will come back D. as soon as I was coming back
123. I _____ all the preparations before you _____ home tonight.
A. have made / will have come B. am making / came
C. will make / will come D. will have made / come
124. Don’t be so childish. It is time you _____ up.
A. did B. went C. grew D. brought
125. Around 100 million children have no access to primary education, and girls _____ up 60%.
A. make B. put C. take D. go
126. One study found that men’s contribution _____ housework has doubled over the past four decades.
A. on B. to C. with D. for
127. Men have tripled the time they spend caring _____ their children at the present time.
A. for B. against C. on D. with
128. Thanks to labor-saving devices, women have more time to take part in _____ activities.
A. society B. social C. socially D. socialize
129. American women live more _____ than women in Asian countries.
A. dependent B. independence C. independent D. independently
130. Getting good education and making money themselves have given women more _____.
A. free B. freely C. freed D. freedom
131. Women in _____ employment earn around 75% of that earned by men.
A. doubted B. reserved C. paid D. economic
132. In several regions of the world, the _____ of men is 5% higher than that of women.
A. amount B. number C. account D. status
133. _____ industries or methods of making things involve a lot of workers.
A. Service B. Joining C. Social D. Labor-intensive
134. In our area, women make up 60% of the unskilled _____.
8
 A. workforce B. access C. status D. number
135. Many women have been _____ for their works and research.
A. illegal B. agreed C. dependent D. famous
136. Many decades ago, medicine was _____ for men only. Women were not allowed to pursue a career in
medicine.
A. exchanged B. established C. reserved D. encouraged
137. The _____ of women in the profession staff of our university has risen to 17.3%.
A. proportion B. most C. sum D. total
th
138. Since the middle of the 20 century, women have had more opportunities to get high _____ education.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
139. Women can use _____ effective birth-control method to delay having children.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
140. I had drunk a cup of coffee _____ I went to work.
A. before B. until C. since D. as soon as
141. Mary is going to look for a job _____ she finishes high school.
A. once B. since C. till D. whenever
142. Don’t say anything _____ you are asked.
A. after B. no sooner C. until D. as long as
143. _____ in London, we will have sat on the bus for 10 hours.
A. When we will arrive B. As we are going to arrive
C. By the time we arrive D. By the time we will arrive
144. Peter _____ for thirty minutes before Mary arrived.
A. would be waiting B. has been waiting C. had been waiting D. was waiting
145. _____ on the stairs than the phone rang.
A. Had no sooner I stepped B. Had I stepped no sooner
C. No sooner I had stepped D. No sooner had I stepped
146. It is so hot. Let’s go swimming to _____ off.
A. cool B. make C. give D. stay
147. My grandfather is quite deaf so you will have to _____ up when you are telling him something.
A. catch B. keep C. take D. speak
148. Don’t wait _____ for me. I may be home very late tonight.
A. of B. on C. at D. up
149. Mary had a serious fever, missed school and fell _____.
A. up B. off C. behind D. after
IV. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s).
1. Trying a variety of ways to learn will help you to find the way that sticks.
A. being most reliable B. being the most suitable
C. being a favorite D. being a secrete
2. Teachers are in the business of molding our youth into the citizens that will eventually run this country.
A. fitting closely to the shape of B. influencing the way one develops
C. changing the appearance of someone D. transforming the state of spirituality
3. Roosevelt was what we might call a “lifetime learner.” Learning became, for him, a mode of personal
enjoyment and a path to professional success. It’s a habit many of us would like to emulate.
A. to do in the same manner B. to look up to
C. to follow someone’s directions D. to come up with
4. There are two main reasons for learning throughout life: for personal development and for professional
development. These reasons may not necessarily be distinct as personal development can improve your
employment opportunities and professional development can enable personal growth.
A. contrasting B. separate C. different D. various
9
5. Effective learning requires that you acquire information through reading, listening, observing, practising,
experimenting and experience. Information is all around you: the trick is to acquire relevant and meaningful
information and develop this into knowledge and skills.
A. a habit of doing something B. the most intelligent way of doing something
C. the best solution to a problem D. a practice of making a joke to study funnily
6. The aboriginal people of Australia are experts at survival in an environment with scanty resources.
A. ordinary B. limited C. abundant D. natural
7. I just can’t beat Paula when we play chess! Every time I make a move that should lead me to victory, she
makes a better move that thwarts my plan.
A. helps to succeed B. gives a good opportunity
C. makes a difference to D. stops from happening
8. I’m sorry I didn’t inform you about it. The decision came out of the blue.
A. unexpectedly B. immediately C. out of order D. out of place
9. Wait until they’re out of earshot, then I’ll tell you exactly what happened to them when they were on
holiday.
A. beyond power B. unable to hear C. out of sight D. impossible to know
10. Secondary education is now compulsory nationwide.
A. optional B. selective C. primary D. mandatory
11. All students are required to attend the course in order to be eligible for a certificate.
A. see B. watch C. join D. study
12. The lecture is followed by a 15-minute discussion session.
A. length of journey B. period of time C. section D. set
13. It is important for high school students to acquire necessary living skills to live independently.
A. gain B. possess C. improve D. practise
14. Students’ motivation for language learning really varies.
A. sense B. emotion C. feeling D. inspiration
15. Different learners have different learning styles.
A. steps B. means C. methods D. rituals
16. Online courses allow learners to study at flexible time.
A. fixed B. adjustable C. rigid D. unchangeable
17. No one asked him to donate his money. He did it voluntarily.
A. willingly B. unwillingly C. reluctantly D. suspiciously
18. More and more school leavers want to pursue higher education.
A. prepare B. surprise C. persuade D. continue
19. In fact, learning is not confined to the classroom environment and school subjects.
A. defined B. unlimited C. restricted D. designed
20. Children learn a great deal in their daily interaction with other peers at school.
A. interruption B. communication C. action D. projection
21. Lifelong learners are people who have a strong desire to learn and explore the world.
A. investigate B. invest C. explode D. express
22. Nowadays, lifelong learning is facilitated by e-learning platforms.
A. insisted B. assisted C. assessed D. accessed
23. Online courses have enabled many people to realize their learning objectives.
A. motivated B. discouraged C. allowed D. stopped
24. There are different courses available for students to select.
A. consider B. neglect C. collect D. choose
25. The ultimate aim of lifelong learning is to better yourself for personal or professional development.
A. utmost B. secondary C. trivial D. minimal
26. She has always showed her genuine interest in lifelong learning.
10
 A. artificial B. fake C. genius D. authentic
27. Greater efforts are needed to reach the goal of universal education.
A. achieve B. archive C. receive D. risk
28. Having adequate funding is crucial throughout the learning process.
A. abundant B. enough C. insufficient D. unsatisfactory
29. Our first priority is to offer free education to all people.
A. attention B. help C. concern D. aid
30. It is equal chance for everyone. No one should be given privilege.
A. time B. money C. disadvantage D. advantage
31. I don’t think office work is suitable for me. I’d like to work in a more challenging environment.
A. rewarding B. enjoying C. relaxing D. demanding
32. She is very good at handling both her work and family life.
A. assessing B. reserving C. managing D. changing
33. I am lucky to have a very supportive supervisor.
A. survivor B. manager C. saver D. protector
34. Upon the project completion, I was transferred to the sales department.
A. moved B. dismissed C. retrained D. translated
35. If you have the right qualifications and are good at English, you are very likely to get promoted.
A. elevated B. enlightened C. encouraged D. endorsed
36. What is your barrier to lifelong learning?
A. bar B. obstacle C. badge D. motivation
37. A number of people are prevented from lifelong learning due to various reasons.
A. preserved B. invented C. hindered D. encouraged
38. His life is a rich source of inspiration for many writers and poets.
A. nuance B. hindrance C. discouragement D. encouragement
39. Lifelong learning can also help amend some of the weaknesses of the education system.
A. correct B. change C. develop D. intensify
40. A good lifelong learner can advance both at work and in life.
A. process B. progress C. precede D. recede
41. We all welcome the government’s initiative to boost lifelong learning.
A. intention B. initial C. new plan D. prospect
42. I have so much to do that I can’t stay on schedule to complete my work.
A. carry on with B. put up with C. keep up with D. come up with
43. She finally finished the backlog of emails that had accumulated over the vacation period.
A. put up with B. go on with C. carried on with D. got through with
44. Even though English is a hard language to master, you must keep trying!
A. stand up to it B. face up to it C. stick to it D. talk back to it
45. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), was established in
1946.
A. set up B. taken off C. put away D. run up
46. More and more women are now joining the paid labor force worldwide.
A. putting away from B. keeping up with C. taking part in D. making room for
47. Paid employment has undoubtedly brought economic and social gains to many women.
A. easily B. freely C. independently D. certainly
48. When I was crossing the street, I caught sight of an old friend of mine in a restaurant.
A. saw B. waved C. hit D. watched
49. She decided to give up her job to stay at home and take care of her little son.
A. carry B. quit C. apply D. continue
50. Women bear more than half of all work done.
11
 A. give up B. put away C. keep on D. take up
51. The number of women living in poverty has risen by 50% since 1970, the number of men by 30%.
A. stayed on B. gone up C. kept away D. cooled off
V. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s).
1. I was going to have a go at parachuting but lost in my nerve at the last minute.
A. was determined to go ahead B. lost my temper
C. was discouraged from trying D. began to dislike it
2. If a friend is usually very smart but suddenly doesn’t understand a simple joke, you might say he is thick.
A. slow to learn new things B. clever at telling jokes
C. quick to understand everything D. not interested in funny stories
3. He was surprised that he hadn’t won the scholarship. “That’s implausible!” he whined.
A. believable B. unlucky C. improbable D. accessible
4. We must constantly adapt and innovate to ensure success in a growing market.
A. introduce and use new ideas B. follow the traditional method
C. change things for the better D. take pride in oneself
5. The teacher asked us to get on with the next exercise and he would be back in a while.
A. finish doing B. start doing C. continue doing D. stop doing
6. Those students who fail the National High School exams may want to retake them the following year.
A. pass B. fall C. sit D. take
7. Thanks to lifelong learning, people’s level of awareness has improved significantly.
A. has increased B. has declined C. has gone up D. has bettered
8. The teacher is going to a conference next week, so our presentation will be put off.
A. delayed B. deferred C. carried out D. cancelled
9. A new school has just been set up for the kids in the area.
A. started B. established C. built D. demolished
10. Unnecessary components should be removed from the current program to reduce the workload for
school students.
A. added B. taken away C. taken off D. abolished
11. The school picnic has been cancelled because of bad weather.
A. called off B. continued C. destroyed D. broken off
12. If children are inactive most of the time, it is very easy for them to gain weight.
A. put up B. loose C. lose D. put on
VI. Indicate the underlined part that needs correction.
1. The key competencies (A) to promote lifelong learning don’t focus (B) on knowledge acquisition and
test score results, but (C) in developing skills (D) for longer term learning.
2. The development of (A) technology and access to (B) Internet has brought huge (C) opportunities to our
children and young people but has also brought (D) threats.
3. A sense (A) of initiative and entrepreneurship will (B) assist students (C) with becoming creative,
proactive and (D) well-organized young people.
4. A recent report in Neurology (A) noted that while cognitive (B) activity can’t change the biology of
Alzheimer’s, learning (C) activities can help delay symptoms, (D) preserve people’s quality of life.
5. Every person, at every stage of (A) their life should have lifelong learning (B) opportunities to acquire
the (C) knowledge and skills they need to fulfil their aspirations and contribute (D) for their societies.
6. A dolphin (A) locates underwater objects (B) in its path by (C) doing a series of clicking and (D) whistling
sounds.
12
7. (A) The Department of Foreign Languages (B) are not located in (C) the new building (D) opposite the
old one.
8. A galaxy, (A) where it may include (B) billions of stars, (C) is held (D) together by gravitational
attraction.
9. We wish today (A) was sunny (B) so that we (C) could spend the day in the countryside (D) to
communicate with nature.
10. (A) Any property that a bankrupt person (B) may still have is usually divided among the various people
(C) for whom money (D) is owed.
11. (A) A basic knowledge of social studies, (B) such as history and geography, (C) seem to be a basic part
of the education of (D) every single child.
12. If I (A) hadn’t miss the bus, I (B) would have come (C) at least 20 minutes (D) earlier.
13. If you (A) had phoned me before I (B) left home, I (C) would (D) brought you the textbook.
14. (A) If we had (B) register earlier, we (C) would have (D) been selected for the job offers.
15. If (A) you hadn’t (B) made that mistake, (C) you will (D) have passed your test.
16. If (A) I had my mobile yesterday, I (B) could have contacted and (C) informed you about the last-
minute (D) cancellation of the seminar.
17. (A) If you had studied (B) hard, you (C) wouldn’t (D) failed the exam.
18. If I (A) hadn’t been (B) too late for the exam, I (C) might be (D) allowed to enter the examination room.
19. (A) I would (B) have enroll on an online course (C) if I had had (D) enough money.
20. (A) We might (B) have gone to the Science Fair (C) if we (D) knew about it happened.
21. If we (A) had drop school (B) so early, we (C) wouldn’t have (D) had enough knowledge of the school
subjects.
22. If you (A) had come to class (B) last week, you (C) might have join in the discussion (D) on air pollution.
23. If I (A) had listened to (B) my parents, I (C) wouldn’t (D) have been in so much trouble now.
24. I (A) don’t know your phone number. If (B) I had known it, I (C) would (D) have called you last night.
25. If I (A) have studied English (B) earlier, I (C) could (D) have read this book several years ago.
26. If a meteor (A) hadn’t (B) struck the Earth, the dinosaurs (C) didn’t become (D) extinct.
27. If they (A) had win the lottery (B) last summer, they (C) would have (D) bought a new car.
28. (A) The longer professional baseball is played, (B) the more certainly it (C) becomes that Walter
Johnson’s (D) shut out record will never be beaten.
29. (A) While they were away on vacation, they allowed their mail (B) piling up at the post office (C) and
the grass in their garden to become (D) more luxuriant.
30. (A) Although (B) struck by lightning in the last thunderstorm, that tree (C) went to (D) thriving.
31. (A) According to many experts, violence (B) carried out by the victim’s family members (C) is the most
(D) kind of violent against female.
32. We just (A) moved into a nice house in Toronto, and my parents went next door to meet the neighbors
- the Taylors. The Taylors (B) have a daughter (C) named Maya who is (D) the same age with I am.

13
33. The children did the exercises slowly (A) although they knew that (B) as soon as they (C) finished them,
their teacher (D) would give them some new ones.
34. (A) In the event that you (B) will take my advice (C) and follow these instructions, you (D) can get
much progress in a short time.
35. (A) In spite of being in the same class and at the same age as (B) I am, Jason always (C) behaves more
maturely than (D) I have.
36. In the last few years, nutritionists (A) have been studying some international superfoods – dishes from
around the globe (B) that (C) must hold the key to (D) healthy eating.
37. The Internet is (A) much smaller in size, (B) however, than the worldwide telephone network, but (C)
because of the Internet links computers instead of telephones, it has vastly (D) more power.
38. Although men (A) may know more about (B) diapering babies and vacuuming floors than their fathers
did, (C) but women are still doing most of housework and (D) child rearing.
39. (A) When men and women (B) are asked who is spending long hours cleaning and (C) tidy up, women
are still far (D) ahead of men.
40. In 2006, (A) 87.9 per cent of men said they (B) shared housework (C) from their wives, (D) up from
84.4 per cent in 1996.
41. The (A) proportion of women (B) spend 30 hours a week or more (C) on unpaid housework (D) fell to
19.8 per cent in 2006 from 24.6 per cent in 1996.
42. (A) According to a 2005 report from (B) Statistics Canada, men spent 2.5 hours (C) a day on unpaid
work around the house, (D) as soon as women averaged 4.3 hours.

VII. Indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.

1. Two students are talking with each other. Complete the exchanges with the best answer:
A: “I’m going to take a course in first aid skills.” - B: “_____”
A. Welcome you! B. You did it? C. Can I join you? D. Sure it is.
2. Two teenagers are talking with each other. Complete the exchanges with the best answer:
A: “Have you decided on your future job yet?” - B: “_____”
A. I’m thinking about being a teacher. B. I’m doing well at school now.
C. I’m trying my best to fulfil my ambition. D. Definitely good for you.
3. A student is talking with his professor about his missing the midterm. Complete the exchanges with the
best answer:
Student: “What can I do to make up for the missing midterm test, professor?” - Professor: “_____”
A. Don’t mention it. It’s my pleasure to do this.
B. Thank you very much for accepting the invitation.
C. You are supposed to write a chapter review.
D. I agree to some extent with this statement.
4. – “_____” – “Many happy returns of the day.”
A. Today is my birthday. B. New Year is coming!
C. Merry Christmas! D. I have passed .my exams.
5. – “I’d like to try on those shoes on the top shelf, please?” – “_____”
A. How much will you spend? B. You can’t. They are brand new.
C. OK. What is your size? D. Right. Take off your shoes!
6. - “Will you be able to finish the report in three days?” – “_____”
A. I don’t hope that. B. I will have great difficulty.
14
 C. I’m afraid not. D. Wow! What can I do?
7. – “Your parents must be very proud of your progress at English.” – “_____”
A. You’re right. They must. B. I’m glad you like it.
C. Yes, of course. D. Thanks. It’s really encouraging
Two friends Nam and Lan are talking about the topic of lifelong learning.
8. Nam: Would you like to register for an online course on extensive reading? - Lan: _____
A. Online courses are really popular these days. B. Yes, I’d love to. How can I register?
C. We should improve our extensive reading. D. Extensive reading courses are available online.
9. Lan: What do you think about lifelong learning? - Nam: _____
A. I am thinking about lifelong learning. B. Do you like lifelong learning?
C. Lifelong learning helps us to improve our job prospects.
D. What is the definition of lifelong learning, do you think?
10. Nam: May I borrow your books on soft skills? - Lan: _____
A. Sure. When do you need them? B. So skills are important these days.
C. What do soft skills mean? D. Who needs books on soft skills?
11. Lan: When will our course on time management start? - Nam: _____
A. What is time management? B. Are you good at time management?
C. Time management is important. D. I’m not sure. Perhaps next month.
12. Nam: I’d like to hear your ideas on how to maintain lifelong learning. - Lan: _____
A. I’d say it really depends on people’s attitudes. B. You’re always asking me for advice.
C. I like your ideas so much. D. I am not interested in lifelong learning.
13. Nam: I’m planning to enroll on a cake baking course. - Lan: _____
A. Cake baking is really fun. B. Baking courses are available everywhere.
C. Who wants to bake cakes? D. That’s a good idea. I hope you’ll enjoy it.
14. Nam: Do you want me to help with your homework? - Lan: _____
A. Homework? I don’t like homework. B. Thank you. It’s very kind of you!
C. Why do we need homework? D. If you like, you can do it every day.
15. Nam: If you like, I will find a piano class for you. - Lan: _____
A. I can play the piano very well. B. Every child wants to play the piano.
C. Thanks, but that won’t be necessary. D. Who can play the piano in our class?
16. Nam: Would you mind if sometimes I borrowed your notebook? I was absent last time.
- Lan: _____
A. No, of course not. B. Yes, of course I would.
C. I mind a lot. D. I like discussions.
17. Nam: Could you find all the information related to the course we registered? - Lan: _____
A. All the courses are related to lifelong learning. B. Are they available?
C. What do they look like? D. I think that’ll be very difficult, but I’ll try.
18. Nam: Will you continue your further education after leaving school? - Lan: _____
A. Further education is not for everyone. B. Leaving school is an important milestone.
C. I haven’t decided yet. D. Are you interested in my academic results at school?
19. Nam: Do you think students get too much homework these days? - Lan: _____
A. Homework helps students study better. B. It depends on each school policy.
C. Students always get homework. D. Homework can never be done in class.
20. Lan: Should students be allowed to leave school when they are 14? - Nam: _____
A. I don’t think so. I think it is very important to have a good education.
B. Who wants to leave school at the age of 14?
C. It is a hard decision. D. Students can’t have their own choice at the age of 14.
21. Nam: Do you think the school holidays should be longer? - Lan: _____
A. School holidays are getting longer. B. The longest school holiday is summer holiday.
15
 C. Students really enjoy their summer holiday. D. Sure. Every student would love that.
22. Lan: Do you think your schooldays are the happiest days of your life? - Nam: _____
A. I believe schooldays last forever. B. Were you happy during your schooldays?
C. I think so. We are worry-free and full of ambitions in the schooldays.
D. We didn’t have schooldays when we were at school.
VIII. Reading comprehension
1. Choose the best answer.
A little while ago, the European Parliament recommended a list of 8 key competencies which they
believe all (1) _____ institutions should provide their students with, to promote lifelong learning. These
key competencies consist (2) _____ knowledge, skills, and attitudes which are central to the development
of (3) _____ children, young people and eventually adults.
Finland isn’t the first county to recognize the value of ‘lifelong learning’ but Finland is the first country
to base their teaching curriculum (4) _____ the eight key competencies. Instead of focusing on classic
academic subjects, (5) _____ History or English, Finnish schools will now structure lessons around broader,
cross- cutting and interdisciplinary “topics”.
Speaking on why Finland decided to (6) _____ this shift towards lifelong learning, Pasi Sahlberg,
Visiting Professor at the Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, said: “educators in Finland
think, quite correctly, that schools should teach what young people need in their lives... (7) _____ Finnish
youth need more than before are more (8) _____ knowledge and skills about real world issues.”
As Professor Sahlberg explains, the key competencies don’t focus on knowledge acquisition and test
score results, (9) _____ on developing skills for longer term learning, with an (10) _____ on social and
emotional development.
1. A. educate B. educating C. education D. educational
2. A. by B. of C. with D. in
3. A. good-rounding B. well-rounding C. good-rounded D. well-rounded
4. A. in B. for C. over D. round
5. A. like B. as C. either D. whether
6. A. cause B. push C. make D. pull
7. A. that B. it C. what D. which
8. A. integrate B. integrative C. integrating D. integrated
9. A. rather B. instead C. but D. than
10. A. emphasis B. attention C. investigation D. approach
2. Choose the best answer.
Aside from the ability to delay normal cognitive decline as we age, there are significant social benefits
to lifelong learning. Habitual learners are more likely to put themselves (1) _____ new and challenging
social situations throughout life. Learning is by definition a social activity; (2) _____, we often develop
connections with other people who have knowledge we would like to learn, or who are equally interested
in learning about a new topic.
Viewing socialization through the educational lens (3) _____ corresponding results: we are more likely
to participate in social engagements as older adults when we are lifetime learners, probably due to the (4)
_____ self-esteem that comes with the achievement of a task. Science has shown that aging adults (5) _____
have strong social connections live longer, and lifetime learning is an ideal way to build those support
networks.
1. A. at B. by C. of D. into
2. A. for instance B. therefore C. as a result D. because
3. A. resists B. yields C. publishes D. moulds
4. A. increase B. increased C. increasingly D. increases
5. A. which B. what C. who D. when
16
3. Choose the best answer.
Oxbridge is a word made from the names Oxford and Cambridge and is used to refer (1) _____ to the
universities of Oxford and Cambridge together, especially when they are being distinguished from other
universities.
Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities in Britain. They are generally also thought to be the
best universities to (2) _____ a place at. An Oxbridge degree makes a good impression with many
employers and graduates of these universities may have an advantage when applying for jobs. The (3)
_____ classes have traditionally sent their children to Oxbridge, and many prime ministers and politicians
went there. To many people, Oxford and Cambridge seem very remote places where on the (4) _____
privileged can go.
The teaching system is different from that at most other universities. Students have tutorials, called
supervisions at Cambridge, (5) _____ which they read their essays to their tutor. Terms are short and (6)
_____, and students are expected to prepare for them in the vacations. Final examinations at Oxford are
called schools, and at Cambridge the tripos. Undergraduates at Oxford and Cambridge stud for a BA (7)
_____, but after a period of time graduates can (8) _____ their BA to an MA without doing any further
study.
The two universities are (9) _____ rivals, and rivals also in debating and sport. The Boat Race, held each
rear around Easter, attracts national (10) _____. Rugby and cricket teams play against each other in varsity
matches, as well as against professional sides.
1. A. easily B. informally C. casually D. unsurely
2. A. get B. acquire C. achieve D. attain
3. A. high B. top C. upper D. superior
4. A. very B. too C. so D. only
5. A. on B. during C. in D. at
6. A. tense B. intense C. severe D. concentrated
7. A. diploma B. degree C. certificate D. qualification
8. A. convert B. alter C. exchange D. transfer
9. A. education B. studying C. teaching D. academic
10. A. attendance B. awareness C. attention D. consideration
4. Choose the best answer.
Are You Prepared for Lifelong Learning?
Becoming a (1) _____ of lifelong learning is critical in today’s fast-changing world. Learning is not only
a matter of (2) _____ information but a process of developing many other internal skills, like curiosity,
perseverance, and the ability to tackle tough challenges.
Thanks to research in neuroscience and human development, scientists can now explain how learning
happens from cradle to grave. It (3) _____ that lifelong learning is a natural part of being (4) _____.
When we think of scholars like Socrates, Einstein, or Aristotle, we are (5) _____ of great learners and
their eternal quest for knowledge. But how do we develop the quest for lifelong learning in children and
teens - the internal (6) _____ that propels them to embrace the practice of learning throughout a lifetime?
As children develop toward adolescence, changes occur in the brain that (7) _____ their abilities to learn.
Teens become capable of thinking more critically, solving more complex problems, and weighing difficult
decisions. But in order to utilize these new abilities for lifelong learning, teens must be internally (8) _____.
They must learn because it feels good, not just because they want to get (9) _____ at a good college. The
(10) _____ for lifelong learning starts at a young age.
1. A. learner B. keeper C. user D. seeker
2. A. absorbing B. taking C. processing D. reciting
3. A. finds B. realizes C. turns out D. makes out
4. A. live B. lively C. livable D. alive
17
5. A. recognized B. reminded C. remembered D. foretold
6. A. determine B. provide C. drive D. pull
7. A. heightens B. promotes C. encourages D. teaches
8. A. voluntary B. improved C. directed D. motivated
9. A. approved B. accepted C. believed D. taken
10. A. access B. availability C. preparation D. responsibility
5. Choose the best answer.
Benefits of Lifelong Learning
Many scientists offer the top benefits of lifelong learning which is to fully engage the brain, heighten
physical activity, and (1) _____ healthy social relationships.
First, lifelong learning helps fully develop natural abilities. Once we’re no longer working full time, we
have the opportunity to fully (2) _____ and develop these abilities. There’s nothing like listening to or
taking part in stimulating discussions to help us see the other side of an issue. That give-and-take opens our
minds and brings us to a whole new (3) _____ of understanding. Next, lifelong learning gives us the benefit
of real perspective and enables us to find true meaning in the hills and valleys of our (4) _____.
Today’s retirees and people who are about to retire want and demand more from their later years. They
are taking part in educational programmes, traveling all over the world, and offering their expertise to
society through meaningful community (5) _____.
No one enjoys (6) _____, and through lifelong learning, older adults are meeting new people. Lifelong
learning is a brilliant way to keep in touch with people, meet new friends, and enjoy life surrounded by the
(7) _____ of folks who are truly embracing the excitement of our later years.
We base everything on the belief that our capacity to learn and grow does not decrease (8) _____ our
years increase. Through academic learning, we (9) _____ our awareness, embrace self-fulfillment, and truly
(10) _____ an exciting multi-dimensional life.
1. A. allow B. maintain C. express D. communicate
2. A. possess B. affect C. limit D. explore
3. A. level B. height C. ability D. top
4. A. path B. present C. past D. future
5. A. inclusion B. combination C. spirit D. involvement
6. A. unemployment B. loneliness C. illnesses D. tiredness
7. A. company B. partnership C. business D. group
8. A. but B. because C. as D. so
9. A. stretch B. offer C. extend D. expand
10. A. cause B. create C. support D. save
6. Choose the best answer.
LEARNING HOW TO LEARN AND THINK
What is the point of the education system? Although this question may seem ridiculous at first (1) _____,
it is actually not stupid as it sounds. The reason it is (2) _____ trying to answer is that schools and university
clearly (3) _____ academic achievement, passing exams and gaining (4) _____ much more than acquiring
skills such as (5) _____ children or car maintenance. But why is it? Why do they neglect to teach (6) _____
skills at school?
One answer may be that schools don’t (7) _____ to help us gain useful knowledge about the world. At
school, what we are (8) _____ learning is how to learn effectively. The idea is that we can then (9) _____
use of that ability later on in life when we come to deal (10) _____ more practical aspects of day-to-day
living.
However, some people argue that the (11) _____ system is in fact a failure because it doesn’t actually
teach children how to become good thinkers. Learning how to learn is one thing. Learning how to think is
(12) _____ another.
18
 (Source: ‘Laser’, Mann & Taylore-Knowles (2013))
1. A. glance B. sight C. look D. eye
2. A. cost B. value C. worth D. price
3. A. strain B. stress C. emphasis D. emphasise
4. A. qualifications B. skills C. qualities D. personalities
5. A. increasing B. rising C. growing D. raising
6. A. practice B. practical C. impractical D. imperfect
7. A. prospect B. exit C. exist D. insist
8. A. actually B. factually C. gradually D. virtually
9. A. work B. do C. take D. make
10. A. at B. with C. on D. to
11. A. corruptive B. concurrent C. current D. currency
12. A. quite B. quit C. quiet D. quietly
7. Choose the best answer.
Once upon a time, people left school or university, joined a company and stayed with it until they retired.
The concept of a job for life is now long (1) _____, and nowadays many employees find it hard to stay
loyal to their companies for even a relatively short period of time. According to a recent survey, this is
particularly (2) _____ in London, where more than half of those asked said that they constantly (3) _____
an eye on other job opportunities (4) _____ they are fairly happy in their existing jobs. A high number of
London workers say that they are always on the (5) _____ although they are content and motivated in their
current position.
Job seekers find that the Internet (6) _____ them with a quick and easy way to find out what’s available,
and 53 percent said that they had applied for a job or (7) _____ with an employment agency in the past 12
months. This proactive (8) _____ means that people can look for a perfect job match with the (9) _____ of
effort. But while this is good for job hunters, the growing lack of company loyalty could (10) _____ up
being a big problem for employers. Perhaps surprisingly, the biggest factor attracting job seekers was not
more money, but challenging and interesting work.
1. A. gone B. over C. finished D. done
2. A. actual B. real C. right D. true
3. A. keep B. place C. hold D. put
4. A. as well B. so that C. even if D. just as
5. A. lookout B. pursuit C. watch D. search
6. A. provides B. delivers C. fulfills D. serves
7. A. appointed B. registered C. recorded D. engaged
8. A. manner B. custom C. approach D. style
9. A. minimum B. least C. smallest D. lowest
10. A. run B. come C. lead D. end
8. Choose the best answer.
Every year about seventeen million animals are used in laboratory (1) _____. But in many countries
today, a difficult question (2) _____ asked: Do we have the right to use animals in this way?
The use of animals in medical research has many practical (3) _____. Animal research has enabled
researchers to develop (4) _____ for many diseases, such as heart disease and depression. (5) _____ would
not have been possible to develop vaccines (6) _____ diseases like smallpox and polio without animal
research. Every drug anyone takes today was (7) _____ first on animals. Future medical research is (8)
_____ on the use of animals. Which is more important: the life of a rat or that of a three-year-old child?
Medical research is also a(n) (9) _____ way of using unwanted animals. Last year, over twelve million
animals had to be killed in animal shelters because nobody wanted them as pets.
The case against using animal research.
19
 The fact that humans benefit (10) _____ used to justify using animals in research any more than it can
be used to justify experimenting on other humans. Animals (11) _____ a lot during these experiments. They
are (12) _____ to live in small cages, and they may be unable to move. Much of the research that is (13)
_____ out is unnecessary anyway.
Animals have the same (14) _____ as human do to be able to move freely and not to have pain or fear
forced on them. Researchers must find other ways of doing their research, using cell culture and computer
modeling. There (15) _____ no animals in research laboratories at all.
1. A. assignment B. trials C. experiments D. inspections
2. A. is being B. was C. had been D. will be
3. A. revenues B. benefices C. benefits D. habits
4. A. treatment B. solutions C. keys D. symptoms
5. A. They B. It C. There D. They’re
6. A. as B. to C. on D. for
7. A. tried B. assigned C. conducted D. imposed
8. A. rested B. originated C. relevant D. dependent
9. A. embarrassing B. sickening C. terrifying D. excellent
10. A. would not be B. cannot be C. may not be D. should not be
11. A. suffer B. tolerate C. bear D. torture
12. A. asked B. conducted C. aimed D. forced
13. A. done B. undertaken C. carried D. passed
14. A. responsibilities B. rights C. status D. truths
15. A. might be B. may be C. should be D. must be
9. Choose the best answer.
UNESCO’s purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international (1) _____, through
education, science, and culture in (2) _____ to further universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and the
human rights and fundamental freedom.
UNESCO has 193 Member States and 6 Associate Members. The organization is (3) _____ in Paris,
with over 50 field offices and many specialized institutes and centers throughout the world. There are also
national and regional offices. UNESCO (4) _____ its objectives through five major programs: education,
natural sciences, social and human sciences, culture, and communication and information. Projects
sponsored by UNESCO include literacy, technical, and teacher-training programs; international science
programs; the promotion of independent media and freedom of the press; regional and cultural history
projects, the promotion of cultural diversity; international cooperation agreements to (5) _____ the world
cultural and national heritage and to (6) _____ human rights.
The General Conference is a gathering of the organization’s member states and associate members, in
which each state has one vote. Meeting every two years, the members (7) _____ general policies and defines
programs for the organization. The Director-General, who serves as the public face of UNESCO, is elected
for a four-year (8) _____ by the General Conference. The staff currently numbers some 2100. Two-thirds
of them are based in Paris, with the (9) _____ third spread around the world in UNESCO's 58 field offices.
The Secretariat is divided (10) _____ various administrative offices and five program sectors that reflect
the organization’s major areas of focus.
1. A. collaboration B. diversity C. conservation D. destruction
2. A. work B. result C. order D. requirement
3. A. done B. based C. put D. committed
4. A. catches B. runs C. chases D. pursues
5. A. protest B. secure C. follow D. eliminate
6. A. destroy B. ruin C. preserve D. exchange
7. A. set B. work C. gain D. employ
20
8. A. tournament B. round C. term D. finish
9. A. amount B. total C. remaining D. leaving
10. A. from B. for C. out off D. into
10. Choose the best answer.
The ongoing changes in society, politics and economy lead to not only the raise of women’s role in
society but (1) _____ change the prejudice to treat human beings by sex that had been shaping through
decades. From a legal point of (2) _____, a man and a woman are born to be (3) _____. However, in
practice, there is no real equality for women’s active participation in social life. Housework, chores and
raising children are generally considered to (4) _____ to a woman’s domain. (5) _____ the fact that
birthrates in many countries have been falling, children are obstacles in the labor force. It is understandable
that women decide to (6) _____ having children later or do not have children at all. Women comprise 54
percent of contemporary society. However, the number of women taking part in the country’s political,
economic and civic life shows that women are restricted in the fields of politics and government. Women's
salaries are on (7) ____ lower than men’s, and women are often victims of violence and unemployment.
According to United Nations Gender Organization data, 67 percent of those unemployed are women.
Women have less (8) _____ to retraining programs than men, (9) _____ for those who are bearing and
rearing children. Women’s social status is a serious problem. Few women can be found in positions of
social importance. This strengthens the stereotype of “male superiority” and hinders the creation of true
partnerships between men and women. So, the main goals are protection of women'’ rights, (10) _____ of
discrimination in society, and widening women’s participation at regional and national levels.
1. A. too B. also C. as well D. either
2. A. vision B. look C. view D. sight
3. A. equal B. equally C. equality D. equalize
4. A. belong B. have C. own D. possess
5. A. As B. If C. Even D. Despite
6. A. intend B. encourage C. desire D. delay
7. A. center B. medium C. average D. middle
8. A. walk B. point C. change D. access
9. A. nearly B. especially C. unexpectedly D. appropriately
10. A. success B. elimination C. protection D. achievement
11. Choose the best answer.
As a teacher, every day is a new day you never get bored. When you enter your classroom, you have no
idea what is going to happen. One minute you can have a parent yelling at you, and the next you can find
out that your whole class passed their exam with flying colors. There is always something going on, from
lesson plans to field trips, to planning holiday parties and holding teacher conferences.
Teaching allows you to express yourself. You can be silly and do things that you would never do in front
of other adults. Your classroom is your domain, a place where you are free to show off your personality
and craft and create anything that you wish. Now how many jobs allow you to do that?
A lot of graduate students like the idea of a teaching profession because most of the time teachers only
work about 180 school days a year (notice I said “school days” because we all know we work a lot more
than that). Teaching is a very stressful and demanding job, but it also allows for time of over the holidays.
This “time” gives you a great opportunity to travel, have fun with friends, and spend time with your family.
One of the best reasons to love your job is that it gives you the time of that you deserve.
Unlike most careers, a teaching career has the opportunity to inspire students, not only academically but
personally as well. If you think back to when you were a child, I’m sure you can recall at least one teacher
that really stood out and made a difference in your life. Teaching is touching the lives of your students,
making connections that will last a lifetime, and providing them with inspiration that will take them places
in their lives.
21
 When you are passionate and compassionate for something that you love, it will shine through. When
you love what you do, not only will you make a difference in your students' lives, but you will make a
difference in your own as well.
1. The passage could best be written by _____.
A. a teacher B. a student C. a professor D. a researcher
2. From the first paragraph, you can understand that _____.
A. a teacher’s life is full of ups and downs with a lot of pitfalls
B. a teacher’s life is like an exciting journey with a lot of events
C. a teacher can never feel bored because he/she is not allowed to
D. a teacher can enjoy a life of peace and relaxation all the time
3. The word “domain” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. discipline B. stage C. home D. field
4. Which of the followings can serve as the best heading of paragraph 3?
A. It Keeps You on Your Toes. B. You Can Express Your Creative Side.
C. You Get a Lot of Family Time. D. You are an inspiration.
5. The phrase “stood out” in paragraph 4 describes the teacher who _____.
A. performed best among your teachers B. provided you with greatest inspiration
C. worked most excellently at your school D. tried his/her best to do anything for you
12. Choose the best answer.
The old belief was that you had to go to school to get educated, but, there are plenty of people who have
educated themselves outside of school and become successful. They followed their passion, educated
themselves as they went along, and found success despite not actually going to a school where you sit down,
learn from a teacher, and take tests.
I think that the first 12 years of education are critical. Primary and secondary education teaches you the
basics, helps you get into a mindset of learning, exposes you to a variety of areas that you can pursue after
school, and gives you some real world experience with socializing and working with other people.
All of those things are important, but after that, you can’t rely on a school to really educate you in life.
You can go to college and learn about whatever field you want to go into. But, that school education isn’t
going to give you the knowledge you need to really be successful in your career and your life.
For example, I have a friend who is an accountant. He hasn’t finished all the courses in school that he
needs to get his Bachelor’s degree, but he has more knowledge and ability than anyone who has finished
their courses in school that he works with. He reads up on what he needs to know as he works. He is
passionate about what he does. He can figure stuff out that his fully-schooled peers can’t. And he is a
shining example of why going to school doesn’t automatically mean you are more educated.
The point is that you can educate yourself in the real world. Obviously, there are some programs that
you have to take if you want to be accepted into a specific kind of job. Even though you can educate yourself
outside of school, many professions still require you to finish an education and have a piece of paper proving
it so that you can get hired.
But, for many other things, you can educate yourself by doing things related to your career or passions.
You can educate yourself online by taking courses, learning from experts, buying eBooks, and having
discussions with like-minded people. You don’t need a school to be educated in life. As Mark Twain said,
“I have never let my schooling interfere with my education.”
1. It is stated in paragraph 1 that _____.
A. it is not always necessary for a person to go to school to be educated
B. most of those who do not go to school are very successfully educated
C. education has nothing to do with a school, teachers, classes and tests
D. people will no longer go to school to be officially educated and succeed
2. Which of the following can serve as the title for the passage?
22
 A. Schooling Doesn’t Mean Education B. Being Educated Doesn’t Require School
C. Going to School Will Soon Be out of Date D. Being Educated Outweighs Being Schooled.
3. The word “critical” in paragraph 2 mostly means _____.
A. having a decisive or crucial importance for B. taking on a considerable importance to
C. assuming enormous significance for D. exerting a great influence on
4. With the phrase “that school education” in paragraph 3 the writer refers to _____.
A. the education people receive from primary schools
B. the education people receive from secondary schools
C. the first 12 years of education people receive
D. the education people do for a degree or the like
5. The phrasal verb “reads up on” in paragraph 4 mostly means _____.
A. to read a lot about something B. to read something very carefully
C. to read only what interests you C. to read closely from beginning to end
6. The word “automatically” in paragraph 4 can be best replaced with _____.
A. normally B. necessarily C. definitely D. always
7. The example described in paragraph 3 refers to the fact that _____.
A. a person going to school is not always educated
B. a person can educate himself in practical life
C. courses at colleges are merely for the degree
D. knowledge acquired at colleges can be read elsewhere
8. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. A degree-holding person should still go on self-educating for a successful career.
B. Many professions require that employees acquire official course.
C. Doing things in relevance to profession or interest is one way of educating yourself.
D. Doing things in passion has nothing to do with taking official degree courses.
9. This passage is most likely to be taken from _____.
A. a magazine for teachers B. a journal of education sciences
C. a textbook for university students D. an article for the public
10. The tone passage is _____.
A. descriptive B. affirmative C. negative D. creative
13. Choose the best answer.
A massage is relaxing, and makes you feel great, but did you know that it is also good for you That’s
what doctors are now saying. Massage relieves pain and anxiety, eases depression and speeds up recovery
from medical problems.
Research has shown that people of all ages benefit from touch. Premature infants who are held develop
faster than those left alone, and healthy babies who get a lot of physical contact cry less and sleep better.
Researchers are not sure why this occurs but they have also found out that touch can slow heart rate, lower
blood pressure and increase levels of seratonin, the brain chemical that is linked to well-being. It also
decreases levels of the stress hormone cortisol, and this in turn increases your resistance to illness.
Massage also speeds up healing. Bone-marrow transplant patients who were given massages had better
neurological function than those who weren’t. Furthermore, massage reduced pain by 37% in patients with
chronic muscle aches.
Giving someone a massage may be as good as getting one. A study conducted by the University of
Miami found that mothers suffering from depression felt better after massaging their infants. In that same
study, elderly volunteers who massaged infants reported feeling less anxious and depressed.
It even works when you do it yourself, 43% of headache sufferers reported getting relief after massaging
their temples and neck and smokers who were taught self-massage while trying to quit felt less anxiety and
smoked less.

23
1. What has recently been said about getting a massage?
A. It helps relax you. B. It makes you feel good.
C. It improves your physical condition. D. It requires a special technique.
2. Babies born before their time _____.
A. cry less and sleep better if they are massaged B. grow faster if they are held
C. develop faster than healthy babies D. don’t survive if they are not held
3. The author suggests that touch _____.
A. increases levels of the stress hormone cortisol
B. makes your heart beat faster
C. increases the feeling of well-being D. helps you ideal with your feelings
4. It is stated in the passage that patients who get massages _____.
A. don’t experience muscle pain B. can avoid having surgery
C. are not better off than those who don’t D. make a quicker recovery
5. What is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Mothers will suffer from depression if they don't massage their babies.
B. People can learn to massage themselves as well as others.
C. Massage is good or you regardless of whether you're giving or getting one.
D. Massaging can help smokers cut down on their smoking.
14. Choose the best answer.
HINTS FOR READING PRACTICE
Set aside time each day
Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for some specific regular activity. It may be a
free period or a regular wait, stay in the queue for a bus or meal - even while eating breakfast: One famous
surgeon always made it a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before he went to sleep each
night. Whether he went to bed at 10:00 p.m or 2:30 a.m. made no difference. Even if you cannot keep to
this kind of discipline, it is a good idea to make sure you always have a general interest book in your pocket.
Don't forget it should be a book which entertains you and the English must not be too difficult for you.
Checking your progress through pacing
Nearly all speed reading courses have a “pacing” element some timing device which lets the student
know how many words a minute he is reading. You can do this simply by looking at your watch every 5 or
10 minutes and noting down the page number you have reached. How do you know when 5 minutes have
passed on your watch if you are busy reading the book? Well, this is difficult at first. A friend can help by
timing you over a set period. Pace yourself every three or four days, always with the same kind of easy,
general interest book. You should soon notice your habitual w.p.m rate creeping up.
Check comprehension
Obviously there is little point in increasing your w. p. m rate if you do not understand what you are
reading. When you are consciously trying to increase your reading speed, stop after every chapter (if you
are reading a novel) or every section or group of ten or twelve pages (if it is a textbook) and ask yourself a
few questions about What you have been reading. If you find you have lost the thread of the story, or you
cannot remember clearly the details of what was said, re-read the section or chapter.
“Lightening speed” exercise
Take 4 or 5 pages in the general interest book you happen to be reading at the time. Read them as fast
as you possibly can. Do not bother about whether you understand or not. Now go back and read them at
what you feel to-be your normal w.p.m rate, the rate at which you can comfortably understand. After a
“lightening speed” read through (probably around 6 w. p. m) you will usually find that tour normal speed
has increased - perhaps by as much as 50- 100 w. p. m.
(Practical Faster Reading - Gerald Mosback, Vivienne Mosback)
1. The passage recommends setting aside for reading practice _____.
A. 2 hours day B. 1 hour a day
24
 C. 15 or half an hour a day D. 3 times a day before meal
2. One famous surgeon always made it a rule to read _____.
A. for 15 minutes at 10 p. m each night B. at least 15 minutes at bedtime
C. at least 15 minutes at either 10 p. m or 2: 30 a. m
D. whether he had a spare moment
3. It is a good idea always to carry in your pocket _____.
A. a book you will never forget B. a serious book
C. several books of various kinds D. an easy and entertaining English book
4. According to the passage, a “pacing” device _____.
A. times a student's reading speed B. is not included in most speed reading course
C. is an aid to vocabulary learning D. should be used whenever we read alone
5. Looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes _____.
A. avoids the need for reading faster B. is not the same as pacing
C is not easy at first D. helps you to remember the page number
6. The passage recommends pacing yourself _____.
A. every 2 days with different kinds of books B. every 3 or 4 days with the same kind of book
C. every week with the same kind of book D. as often as you read a book
7. When you are reading a novel the passage advises you to pause to check the content _____.
A. every chapter B. every hour C. every 3 or 4 pages D. after every page
8. The purpose of pausing for thought every so often is to _____.
A. rest the eyes B. make sure you have not missed any pages
C. make sure you really understand what you have read
D. prevent brain fatigue
9. If you have lost the thread of a story you are reading, the passage recommends _____.
A. choosing an easier book B. glancing back over the chapter you have just read
C. asking a friend to help you with the difficult words
D. learning the previous chapter by heart
10. The purpose of the lightening speed exercise is to _____.
A. increase your normal speed by practising at a very high rate
B. get through the book in half the time so that you can go on to the next
C. help you understand more of the content of the book
D. enable you to win reading races against your friends
15. Choose the best answer.
LOVE ME DO!
I’ve just got to talk about this problem I’m having with my postman. It all began a year ago, after the
birth of his first child. Not wanting to appear rude, I asked him about the baby. The next week, not wanting
him to think I had asked out of mere politeness the week before, I asked all about the baby- again. Now I
can’t break the habit. I freeze whenever I see him coming. The words ‘How’s the baby?’ come out on their
own. It holds me up. It holds him up. So why can’t I stop it?
The answer, of course, is that I want him to like me. I want everyone to like me. This was made clear to
me the other day. I found myself in the bank, replying ‘Oh, as it comes’ when the cashier asked how I’d
like the money. As she was handing me the 20 note, I realised I’d have no change to buy my newspaper.
But, not wanting her to dislike me, I said nothing. In order to get the 20 note down, to a decent, paper-
buying size, I went into the grocer’s. Not wanting to buy things I didn’t actually need, I bought some food
for dinner. That got the price up to a respectable 5.12, which I duly paid. I then bought my paper at the
station with my £5 note.
With my sister, it wasn’t the postman who was the problem, but the caretaker of her block of flats: ‘All
he ever does is moan and complain; he talks at me rather than to me, never listens to a word I say, and yet

25
for some reason I’m always really nice to him. I’m worried in case I have a domestic crisis one day, and he
won’t lift at ringer to help.’
What about at work? Richard Lawton, a management trainer, warns: ‘Those managers who are actually
liked by most of their staff are always those to whom being liked is not the primary goal. The qualities that
make managers popular are being honest with staff, treating them as humans and observing common
courtesies like saying hello in the morning.’ To illustrate the point, Richard cites the story of the company
chairman who desperately wanted to be liked and who, after making one of his managers redundant, said
with moist eyes that he was so sorry the man was leaving. To which the embittered employee replied: ‘If
you were that sorry, I wouldn’t be leaving.’ The lesson being, therefore, that if you try too hard to be liked,
people won’t like you.
The experts say it all starts in childhood. ‘If children feel they can only get love from their parents by
being good,’ says Zelda, a marriage guidance consultant, ‘they develop low self-confidence and become
compulsive givers.’ But is there anything wrong in being a giver, the world not being exactly short of
takers? Anne Cousins believes there is. ‘There is a point at which giving becomes unhealthy, she says. ‘It
comes when you do things for others but feel bad about it.’
I am now trying hard to say to people ‘I feel uncomfortable about saying this, but…’ and tell myself:
‘Refusal of a request does not mean rejection of a person’ and I find I can say almost anything to almost
anyone.
1. Why does the writer ask the postman about his baby?
A. He is interested in the baby. B. He wants to create a good impression.
C. The postman is always polite to him. D. The postman enjoys a chat.
2. The writer went into the grocer’s so that _____.
A. he could buy a newspaper there B. he had some food for dinner that night
C. he could ask for £20 in change D. he could buy something to get some change
3. What do we find out about the writer’s sister and the caretaker?
A. She doesn’t pay attention to him. B. She doesn’t want to risk offending him.
C. He refuses to help her. D. He asks her for advice.
4. The word “freeze” in the first paragraph probably means _____.
A. feel very cold B. stop moving suddenly
C. get ready to talk D. evade a conversation
5. Managers are more likely to be popular if they _____.
A. help staff with their problems B. make sure the staff don’t lose their jobs
C. encourage staff to be polite to each other D. do not make too much effort to be liked
6. The word “embittered” in the passage probably means _____.
A. annoyed and bitter B. regretful and sorry
C. angry and disappointed D. shameful and uncomfortable
7. When is it wrong to be ‘a giver’?
A. When it makes you ill B. When it does not give you pleasure
C. When you make other people unhappy D. When you are unable to take from others
8. What do we learn from this article?
A. If you tell the truth, it will not make people like you less.
B. If you take time to talk to people, they will like you better.
C. You should avoid unpleasant situations where possible.
D. You shouldn’t refuse other people’s requests for help.
9. The word “unhealthy” in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.
A. likely to be harmful B. going to be sick
C. unlikely to recover D. mostly destructive
10. Why was this article written?
A. To analyse the kinds of conversations people have
26
 B. To persuade people to be more polite to each other
C. To encourage people to have more self-confidence
D. To suggest ways of dealing with difficult people
16. Choose the best answer.
Lifelong Learning
Most people associate learning with formal education at school, college, university etc. We are all told,
from an early age, that we should ‘get a good education.’ Generally speaking, it is true that a formal
education and the resulting qualifications are important. Education may maximise our potential to find
better, more satisfying jobs, earn more and, perhaps, become more successful in our chosen career.
However, ‘schooling’ is only one type of learning. There are many other opportunities to further your
knowledge and develop the skills you need throughout life. Knowledge can be acquired and skill sets
developed anywhere - learning is unavoidable and happens all the time. However, lifelong learning is about
creating and maintaining a positive attitude to learning both for personal and professional development.
Lifelong learners are self-motivated to learn and develop because they want to. Lifelong learning can
enhance our understanding of the world around us, provide us with more and better opportunities and
improve our quality of life.
People learn for personal development and for professional development. There are many reasons why
people learn for personal development. You may want to increase your knowledge or skills around a
particular hobby or pastime that you enjoy. Perhaps you want to develop some entirely new skill that will
in some way enhance your life - take a pottery or car mechanic course for example. Perhaps you want to
research a medical condition of your ancestry.
If you do find yourself unemployed, then use the time wisely. Learning something new can pay off with
new opportunities which might not otherwise have arisen. While you are employed, take advantage of
training, coaching or mentoring opportunities and work on your continuous professional development as
you will likely become better at what you do and more indispensable to your current or future employer.
1. All of the following are the benefits of a formal education except _____.
A. getting good qualifications to get decent jobs
B. having adequate skills to develop our skills throughout life
C. becoming more successful in our chosen career
D. fostering our potential in order to get good and satisfying jobs
2. The purpose of lifelong learning is _____.
A. to improve our professional development
B. to develop the skills that future jobs may require
C. to be developed anywhere and happen all the time
D. to maintain a positive attitude towards learning
3. People learn for personal development because they want to _____.
A. know things related to their pastime B. become a mechanic or a pot maker
C. research medicine in their free time D. develop your skills to higher levels
4. Lifelong learners are self-motivated to _____.
A. develop a new skill to go back to work B. start understanding the world around them
C. learn everything that they like to D. provide better quality of life
5. Whether we are employed or unemployed, we should _____.
A. learn something new formally or informally B. have continuous professional development
C. have indispensable skills for current jobs D. get new opportunities for better positions
17. Choose the best answer.
The Importance of Lifelong Learning
Henry Ford once said, “Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at twenty or eighty. Anyone who
keeps learning stays young. The greatest thing in life is to keep your mind young.”
27
 Lifelong learning is defined as the continuous building of skills and knowledge throughout the life of an
individual. It occurs through experiences encountered in the course of a lifetime. These experiences could
be formal (training, counseling, tutoring, mentorship, apprenticeship, higher education, etc.) or informal
(experiences, situations, etc.). Lifelong learning is the “lifelong, voluntary, and self-motivated" pursuit of
knowledge for either personal or professional reasons. As such, it not only enhances social inclusion, active
citizenship and personal development, but also competitiveness and employability.
Lifelong learning can be socially energetic while also improving memory and cognitive abilities.
Activities such as volunteering can be a learning experience while making the life of the volunteer
meaningful and at the same time offering benefits to society. Lifelong learning allows us to continue to use
our minds, one of our most important “muscles” we often forget to exercise as we age. As part of the Rush
Memory and Aging Project conducted in Chicago, a study of more than 1,200 elders, participants underwent
cognitive testing for up to five years. The study revealed that cognitively active elders, whose average age
was 80, were 2.6 times less likely to develop dementia and Alzheimer’s disease than those who were
cognitively inactive.
The study also showed that frequent cognitive activity during old age was associated with a decreased
risk of mild cognitive impairment, a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia, as well as a
slowed decline in cognitive function. Stimulating the brain by visiting a museum or attending a concert, for
example, can increase the connections between brain cells. Physical exercise improves blood flow to the
brain, encouraging development of new brain cells. Learning is such an important part of living.
1. All of the following are the features of lifelong learning except _____.
A. learning through experiences of a lifetime B. keeping learning to stay young in mind
C. pursuing professional developments until old age
D. acquiring skills and knowledge throughout the life
2. Lifelong learning through experiences can be _____.
A. occurring at institutions B. happening at a famous university
C. occurring through voluntary work D. taking place at any place
3. All of the following are benefits of lifelong learning except _____.
A. becoming more active in activities B. becoming winners in competitions
C. keeping personal development D. being self-motivated to get knowledge
4. According to the results of the study, lifelong learning can help elderly people _____.
A. prevent dementia and Alzheimer’s disease
B. exercise muscles effectively and actively C. stay active and prevent some illnesses
D. improve memory and cognitive abilities up to five years
5. According to the study, frequent cognitive activity during old age can help learners _____.
A. become cognitively active above the age of 80
B. stimulate cognitive function of their brains
C. increase the number of brain cell D. improve blood flow to the brain
18. Choose the best answer.
During my last couple of years as a student here at Union High, I have noticed that there is nothing to
do during our occasional free periods. Hanging around in the hallways or in the library with friends isn’t
productive or relaxing. The student body council noticed this as well and brought it to the attention of Mr.
Swanson and the rest of the faculty. A meeting to discuss the issue occurred last Friday, February 10th, in
the all-school meeting room.
The faculty not only agreed that there wasn’t much to do during these free periods, but also seemed
determined to find a solution. The student body council and the faculty talked about different ideas for a
long time. The faculty had noticed that some students don’t like using their free periods for studying.
Instead, they spend their time disrupting the students who want to study by being noisy in the library. By

28
the end of the meeting, the faculty had decided to put a pool table and a ping pong table in our student lobby
at the start of next semester.
I know some people will be concerned about getting their work done with these potential distractions,
but I believe this will help us all in enjoying our time at school. I agree that it’s important to complete our
work but it is just as important to enjoy ourselves and to relax with our friends. School is already such a
stressful place. It makes many students feel worried and anxious. We want our school to be a friendly place
so that students want to come every day. Students should remember that this change will make the library
a lot quieter. Because of this, the students who want to study will be able to do so in peace.
To all the students at Union High, I sincerely hope that you enjoy the new additions to our lobby.
Hopefully, they will make our free periods a lot more relaxing. If you happen to have one of the same free
periods as I do, then please challenge me to a game of pool!
(Source: Master TOEFL Junior (2014))
1. What is the text mostly about?
A. Another choice for free periods at Union High
B. A chance to study in peace at Union High library
C. How students at Union High spend their free periods
D. A meeting at Union High about its new facilities
2. What is the meeting on February 10th about?
A. Students hanging around freely during free periods
B. Finding a solution to spending free periods effectively
C. Ineffective time at the Union High library D. Maintaining disciplines at Union High school
3. In paragraph 2, the word “they” refers to _____.
A. faculty members B. some students C. students’ parents D. council members
4. In paragraph 2, the word “disrupting” is closest in meaning to _____.
A. fighting B. insulting C. corrupting D. interrupting
5. According to the author, new facilities _____.
A. make the school a stressful place B. make students worried
C. bring anxiety to students’ parents D. make students relaxed during free periods
6. In paragraph 4, the word “they” refers to _____.
A. free periods B. our friends C. new additions D. all the students
19. Choose the best answer.
Twenty-five students from Walling School are currently living in France. They are there for three months
as part of a living-abroad project. The 16- and 17-year-old students are living with French families and
attending a French school. Most of the students have taken French language classes for 3 or 4 years and are
finally getting an opportunity to use their French.
Not only are students learning a new language, but they are learning about a new culture, too. Students
have been particularly surprised about the French attitude towards food. “They won’t leave anything on
their plate,” says Vanessa Athol. “They aren’t wasteful at all.” Vanessa has vowed to be more careful with
waste when returning to the United States.
The group’s chaperone, Mrs. Smith, has been pleased with the students’ acquisition of language. “Even
the most timid are trying their best to speak. The students are learning a lot. I’m very impressed,” she said.
Mrs. Smith added that she thinks living with a French family makes a difference because students are forced
to speak French. “We are all very grateful to the French families who are hosting us.”
The French families are happy to have the students as they are getting to learn about American culture.
Both groups will be celebrating the exchange at a large potluck dinner at the end of the stay. There will be
a slide show of memories and the students will speak about their experiences. Currently, the American
students are periodically posting pictures and student essays on the Walling School website. “Living in
France is an experience I’ll never forget,” writes student Tina Davis. “I know I’ll want to eat these croissants
and this Camembert for the rest of my life!”
29
 (Source: Master TOEFL Junior (2014))
1. Which title would be the most suitable for this article?
A. French Families Love America B. Student Tina Davis Lives in France
C. Walling School Website Posts Student Essays
D. Walling School Students Stay Abroad in France
2. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. Students from Walling School are now staying in the USA.
B. These students are immigrants from the USA.
C. Walling School students are now staying with French families.
D. Walling School students are applying for jobs in France.
3. What can be implied about the culture in France?
A. It scares the students. B. It requires fluency in French.
C. It can be learned from a book. D. It’s different from the culture in America.
4. In paragraph 2, the word “vowed” is closest in meaning to _____.
A. promised B. saved C. received D. changed
5. In paragraph 3, the word “acquisition” is closest in meaning to _____.
A. speaking B. gaining C. purchase D. responsibility
6. Based on the passage, what does Mrs. Smith probably think about the French language?
A. It is more beautiful than Spanish.
B. It is very important for international communication.
C. It’s best to learn it from a French family in France.
D. It is something each and every student needs to know.
7. According to the passage, how will the students conclude their stay?
A. They will take a French exam. B. They will have a party together.
C. They will visit Paris together. D. They will stay in hostel together.
20. Choose the best answer.
Improving the Effectiveness of Adult Learning
We typically view learning as a process which involves receiving technical information or developing
skills. We read books and attend lectures and classes in order to learn about new fields or to learn how to
cook, make pottery and so on. This view of learning could be termed “instrumental” – we learn how to
better control and manipulate our environment. While instrumental learning is the most common experience
of learning, adults actually regard two other forms of learning as far more valuable and meaningful. These
could be termed “social” and “developmental”. Social learning involves learning about others, such as how
to relate better with others and how to express oneself to others. Developmental learning involves learning
about oneself.
When adults are asked what they feel is most important for them to learn in their lives, they typically
reply with some variation of social or developmental learning. A study was conducted to examine adult
learning in everyday life. The self-reported learning situations of a group of 34 urban adults were monitored
during a typical week in their lives. Participants were signaled via an electronic watch at random times
during the day and asked to report on their experience. Each participant was asked during the interview the
question, “What do you feel is most important for you to learn in your life?” The participants’ answers
invariably involved either learning about themselves (developmental knowledge), learning how to get along
better with others (social knowledge), or some combination of social and developmental knowledge.
Furthermore, learning experiences which also involve elements of social and developmental learning are
more likely to be “transformative” for adults. These experiences are more likely to change or broaden one’s
perceptions because they are usually viewed as more intrinsically meaningful than other kinds of
experiences. The adults often described these learning experiences using words such as “expressing their
core” or being a “heart” experience.

30
 Adults learn by constructing meaning from their experiences. Situations which aren’t viewed as
meaningful are typically rejected as a source of learning. An important aspect of these meaningful learning
experiences is that they not only involve one’s intellectual faculties but one’s emotional capacities as well.
Thus, incorporating elements of social and developmental learning will undoubtedly enhance the impact of
standard learning activities.
1. Instrumental learning focuses on _____.
A. learning how to use new instruments B. acquiring skills and ways to do things well
C. learning how to better our environment D. getting the most common experience in life
2. All of the following are the goals of social learning except _____.
A. learning about other people B. having better relationship with others
C. involving social learning D. learning ways to express oneself in public
3. People who took part in the study were asked to _____.
A. monitor during a typical week in their lives
B. give information about their experience of learning
C. reply the questions about their types of learning
D. give signals via an electronic watch at random times
4. The participants in the study rated _____ highly.
A. both social and developmental learning B. expressing their core and heart experience
C. having transforming their experiences D. either social or developmental learning
5. Experiences involving social and developmental learning are very useful for a person’s development
because they _____.
A. are emotional and meaningful B. provide learning activities
C. play the most important role D. reject anything that is not meaningful
21. Choose the best answer.
The Changing Face of Education
Despite a rapidly changing world where technology and globalization have had an impact on almost
every possible corner of our lives, methods of education in the modern world haven’t really been affected
very much. In fact, the way young people learn in schools and colleges is remarkably similar to when free,
compulsory education for all was first introduced. But what if getting an education doesn’t mean going to
a school or college building and sitting in a classroom reading books and listening to a teacher?
Although lessons are still held in classrooms, computers and technology have already started to play a
major role in modern education. This role can only grow as the power of computer memory increases while
the cost of computers drops. Computers can replace books, assist teaching, be used in testing and provide
teachers with a plentiful supply of teaching resources. Though they are already an essential part of
education, the day that they become the core tool for receiving an education cannot be very far away. How
long before they replace classrooms?
Possibly not that long at all if colleges and universities are anything to go by. Many universities now
offer online degree courses that are completed only over the Internet.
This means that it doesn’t matter where you are in the world, you can still have access to a university
education without moving to the country the university is in. Perhaps one of the main reasons why this type
of learning hasn’t taken off at school level is because parents want their children to be looked after while
they are at work.
Another benefit of getting away from traditional teaching methods and using technology more and more
as an educational tool is that it means that education in the future won’t just be something that is mainly
associated with the young. There will be much more opportunity for lifelong learning. Imagine if, at any
time of your life, you could just find the course you want to do on the Internet and do it whenever it suited
you. You won’t have to worry about giving up work or moving away from your family in order to study.

31
Having so much greater choice over how people study will make it much more attractive to them, whatever
their age.
At the moment, one of the main blocks to change is the teachers who have been trained to teach using
traditional methods. Some of them may find it hard to embrace tablet computers, smartphones and social
media as positive teaching tools. Even harder will be giving up on classrooms entirely and having little to
no face-to-face contact with pupils or students. However, it’s doubtful that any resistance to new ways of
learning will last very long because there’s just no getting away from the fact that the world is changing.
Technology is becoming more and more central to or daily life both at home and at work.
1. In the first paragraph, the writer says that education _____.
A. hasn’t altered a great deal in recent decades
B. has been deeply affected by technology and globalization
C. is exactly the same as when free education became available
D. no longer requires attending a school or college
2. The writer believes that computers and technology in education will _____.
A. only increase when computers get cheaper B. one day become essential
C. drastically change all aspects of learning D. give teachers a lot of extra work
3. The writer points out that online courses _____.
A. are now the main way to get a degree B. need only a few lessons at the university
C. are the same all over the world D. make it easier to get a university education
4. The writer thinks online learning will _____.
A. never be available in schools B. affect how children are looked after
C. become more widespread in schools eventually
D. only ever be available for children in isolated areas
5. One advantage of the increasing use of technology in learning is that _____.
A. older people will use the Internet a lot more
B. people would worry less about passing exams
C. people of all ages will have greater access to education
D. young people won’t have to choose between work and study
6. The word “it” refers to _____.
A. people’s age B. family C. education D. giving up work
7. The writer believes some teachers may find it particularly difficult to _____.
A. get better training in the future B. admit that technology is changing the world
C. see anything positive in new teaching methods
D. accept that they won’t come into personal contact with students
8. Overall the writer is _____.
A. critical of current teaching methods B. sorry that old teaching methods will die out
C. angry about how slowly education is changing
D. enthusiastic about the use of technology in learning
22. Choose the best answer.
The saying that “a woman’s place is in the home” no longer applies to the dauntless ladies in space. The
first woman in space was Soviet who orbited the earth with a male companion in 1963 and landed unscathed
after a three-day sojourn aboard a spacecraft. Seemingly, it was inevitable that another Soviet woman would
repeat her feat. The second woman in space was Svetlana Savitskaya, a parachutist and test pilot, who
served as a researcher aboard Soviet Soyuz T-7, which had a rendezvous with Salyut 7, the space station in
which the longest manned orbital flight was complete.
Ms Savitskaya’s aptitude for space travel was patent in her past experience in aviation. As a holder of
several women’s records in aviation, she had flown sundry types of aircraft and made over 500 parachute
jumps. Her father was a Soviet Air Force marshal, and her husband a pilot. Without a qualm she boarded

32
the spacecraft with her commander, Lieutenant Colonel Leonid Popov, and another rookie astronaut who
was the flight engineer.
Soviet authorities announced that they were looking forward to gaining further information about the
“weaker sex,” so-called in the Soviet newspaper Tass, under the stressful conditions of space travel. Sex,
however, is not considered an impediment but rather a benefit in space, for the Soviet have lauded women
for their precaution and accuracy in carrying out experiments.
As planned, the American put their first woman in space in mid-1983. Sally Ride was their choice. Ms
Ride joined the NASA program with five other women and thirty-four men to train as astronauts in the
space shuttle program. She faces an epoch when space travel will no longer be a glamorous adventure but
rather a commonplace day’s work.
1. You can infer that women have been included in the space program as a result of _____.
A. public outcry B. their husbands C. their qualifications D. their connections
2. The Soviet Salyut 7 was _____.
A. joined by Soyuz T-7 B. an experiment
C. manned by a woman D. a training craft
3. Ms Savitskaya was chosen to travel into space because _____.
A. her father was in the Soviet Air Force B. she was dauntless
C. her husband was an astronaut D. she was experienced in aviation
4. From the use of the term “weaker sex”, you can infer that the Soviets _____.
A. think that Soviet women are not strong B. entertain a bias against women
C. think that Soviet men are better than women D. question the women’s movement
5. An American woman has traveled _____.
A. to the moon B. to NASA
C. in the space shuttle D. with the Soviet
23. Choose the best answer.
A trend in women's change in attitude to work and home life roles has launched because more and more
women begin to feel the stress and exhaustion when they play multiple roles.
The image for women of the 1950s was the domesticated housewife and mother who cooked, cleaned,
and sewed. The vogue woman of today is proud while possessing the role as career woman and mother,
wife, and domestic organizer. Yet, the main thing that has really changed for the modern woman is the fact
that her workload has doubled from the duality of her role. The effects of this duality are being felt through
stress, and unfairness.
A recent study has shown that 68% of women see a conflict between working and raising a family. It is
no wonder since large amounts of stress stem from a woman's professional career in collaboration with her
role as housekeeper and mother. A study in 1997 by the Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology
said, “Stress appears to be strongly related to being employed outside the home and is more strongly felt
by women working more hours, especially those working full-time.” The 2001 U.S. Current Population
Survey found that many women wish to have fewer office hours. More and more women want to cut work
hours because they find it difficult to take care of household responsibilities while maintaining a career.
The Female Lifestyle Survey of Great Britain 2004 found that 86% of full-time working women did most
of the housework and 77% did most of the child rearing, which has made them quite exhausted.
1. The text is about _____.
A. women’s difficulties when they have to work both outside and at home
B. women’s stress caused by her children
C. women's exhaustion caused by her boss D. women’s preference of multiple roles
2. Being both a career woman and domestic organizer makes women ____.
A. happy and independent B. proud and exciting
C. vogue and wonderful D. stressed and exhausted
33
3. Which idea is not referred in the text?
A. There have been several studies and surveys on women and their roles.
B. Many women realize a conflict between working and raising a family.
C. All women can do well with their roles both at home and at work.
D. Stress stems from a woman's professional career and her roles as a housekeeper and mother.
4. The writer _____.
A. advised women to quit their jobs and stay at home for childrearing
B. described the situations that working women suffered from stress and exhaustion
C. conducted several surveys on women and their work
D. objected to the fact that women worked outside the home
5. Women _____.
A. want to have less work hours B. want to have more work hours
C. do not want to do housework any more D. do not want to join social activities
24. Choose the best answer.
Peacekeeping is the non-aggressive use of military force to help nations in conflict reach a settlement.
The United Nations charter does not mention peacekeeping forces, although chapter 6 of the charter does
establish guidelines for peaceful resolution of international conflicts.
The United Nations’ first peacekeeping effort took place in the Middle East in 1948. The United Nations
sent unarmed observers to help maintain the truce negotiated after five Arab countries attacked Israel earlier
in the year. The UN first used armed peacekeepers during the Suez Crisis of 1956, when England, France,
and Israel fought Egypt for control of the Suez Canal. The peacekeepers oversaw the withdrawal of French,
British, and Israeli troops and acted as a buffer between the warring parties.
Today, the United Nations’ peacekeeping forces play a neutral role, working to calm regional conflicts
in several ways. They can go into an area of conflict as observers, making sure agreements reached between
opposing sides are being followed. They can provide a buffer between warring parties by physically
interposing themselves in the middle. They can negotiate with military officers on both sides, providing a
channel of communication. They can also monitor ceasefires, supervise elections, and provide humanitarian
aid.
Peacekeepers are lightly armed. They travel in armored vehicles with automatic rifles, but lack artillery,
tanks, or other heavy weapons. Their work can be hazardous, especially if one of the warring sides doubts
their neutrality. They are often caught in the middle when ceasefires collapse and they sometimes have
been deliberately attacked. By 2004, more than 1,800 peacekeepers had died in the line of duty.
The Security Council grants authority for peacekeeping missions, usually for several months, although
the Council can reauthorize missions for many years.
1. Why were the UN peacekeeping forces founded?
A. to strengthen the power of the United Nations
B. the United Nations charter sets up that.
C. to help nations to settle down conflicts between them
D. Chapter 6 of the UN charter establishes guidelines for peacekeeping forces.
2. When did the UN first use armed peacekeepers?
A. in the Middle East in 1948 B. during the Suez Crisis of 1956
C. in 2004 D. in the Iraq war
3. What was the role of the UN peacekeepers during the Suez Crisis of 1956?
A. to oversee the withdrawal of French, British and Israeli troops
B. to act as a buffer between the warring parties
C. to control the Suez Canal D. A & B
4. What are the functions of the United Nations’ peacekeeping forces nowadays?
A. to have the role of observers

34
B. to provide a buffer between warring parties by physically interposing themselves in the middle or
negotiate with military officers on both sides
C. to monitor ceasefires, supervise elections, and provide humanitarian aid.
D. All are correct.
5. Why are the UN peacekeepers often in danger?
A. because they sometimes have been deliberately attacked when ceasefires collapse
B. because the Security Council cannot reauthorize their missions
C. because they don’t have their neutrality
D. because they lack artillery, tanks, or other heavy weapons
IX. Indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
1. The security guard looked at me suspiciously and said: “Open your bag.”
A. The security guard suspected me and opened my bag.
B. Opening my bag, the security guard looked at me suspiciously.
C. Looking suspiciously at me, the security guard asked me to open my bag.
D. Because the security guard looked at me suspiciously, I opened my bag.
2. Dr. Mercer decided not to accept the research grant at Harvard because he is going to take six months
off to spend more time with his family.
A. Dr. Mercer would have accepted the research grant at Harvard if he were not going to take six months
off to spend more time with his family.
B. Dr. Mercer would accept the research grant at Harvard if he were not going to take six months off to
spend more time with his family.
C. Dr. Mercer would have accepted the research grant at Harvard if he had not been going to take six months
off to spend more time with his family.
D. Dr. Mercer would accept the research grant at Harvard if he had not been going to take six months off
to spend more time with his family.
3. Professor Schmitz talked so much about the Maasai tribe because she is an expert on African tribal
groups.
A. Professor Schmitz would not talk so much about the Maasai tribe if she were not an expert on African
tribal groups.
B. Professor Schmitz would not have talked so much about the Maasai tribe if she were not an expert on
African tribal groups.
C. Professor Schmitz wouldn't have talked so much about the Maasai tribe if she were not an expert on
African tribal groups.
D. Professor Schmitz would have not talked so much about the Maasai tribe if she had not been an expert
on African tribal groups.
4. She is not worried about the conference tomorrow because she is not giving a speech.
A. She will be worried about the conference tomorrow if she is giving a speech.
B. She will not be worried about the conference tomorrow if she was giving a speech.
C. She would be worried about the conference tomorrow if she is giving a speech.
D. She would be worried about the conference tomorrow if she were giving a speech.
5. Frank is not going to the graduation ceremony because he broke his leg snowboarding last week.
A. Frank would go to the graduation ceremony if he had not broken his leg snowboarding last week.
B. Frank would be going to the graduation ceremony if he had not broken his leg snowboarding last week.
C. Frank would not be going to the graduation ceremony if he had broken his leg snowboarding last week.
D. Frank would have been going to the graduation ceremony if he had not broken his leg snowboarding last
week.
6. You must have boiled the potatoes for too long.
A. The potatoes were not boiled long enough.
B. It was not long before the potatoes were boiled.
35
 C. It was not necessary to boil the potatoes too long.
D. You had to boil the potatoes for too long.
7. Unlike her friends, she disagreed strongly with the idea of moving abroad.
A. Her friends were in favour of the idea of moving abroad, but she didn’t.
B. Just like her friends, she was opposed to the idea of moving abroad.
C. She disliked her friends, and didn't support the idea of moving abroad.
D. She disagreed strongly with her friends, who had the idea of moving abroad.
8. “Shall I make you a coffee?” the girl said to the man.
A. The girl was asked to make a coffee for the man.
B. The girl offered to make a coffee for the man.
C. The man promised to make a coffee for the girl.
D. The man was given a coffee by the girl.
9. Wait a moment! It’s on the tip of my tongue.
A. Something is hurting my tongue. B. I can’t speak for a moment.
C. The tip of my tongue is sore. D. I shall remember it in a moment.
10. Tome denied breaking the teacher’s laptop.
A. “No, I refuse to break the teacher's laptop.”
B. “No, I didn’t intend to break the teacher's laptop.”
C. “It is not I who broke the teacher's laptop.”
D. “The teacher’s laptop was not what I wanted to break.”
11. Once we’d got on the train, we could settle down and relax for the long journey to come.
A. Once we boarded the train and settled down and relaxed for the long journey to come.
B. After boarding the train, we managed to find our seats and then relax on the long trip ahead.
C. Getting on the train, we found it difficult to find a good place to sit and relax for the following long
journey.
D. Once upon a time, we got on the train and enjoyed the long trip that followed.
12. I didn’t have an umbrella with me, so I got wet.
A. Since I got wet, I didn’t have an umbrella with me.
B. My umbrella helped me to get wet. C. I got wet, so I didn’t have an umbrella.
D. I got wet because I didn’t have an umbrella with me.
13. Unless you leave me alone, I’ll call the police.
A. I’ll call the police because you leave me alone.
B. I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone.
C. If you leave me alone, I’ll call the police. D. You leave me alone, so I’ll call the police.
14. If it snows, we don’t go to school.
A. In snowy weather, we don’t go to school. B. We go to school despite snowy weather.
C. We only go to school when it snows. D. Snowy doesn’t stop us from going to school.
15. If you hadn’t told me about the changes in the timetable, I wouldn’t have noticed.
A. You hadn’t told me about the changes in the time table, so I didn’t notice.
B. Unless you had told me about the changes in the timetable, I wouldn’t have noticed.
C. If you had told me about the changes in the timetable, I would have noticed.
D. Unless you tell me about the changes in the timetable, I won’t notice.
16. I wouldn’t accept if you asked me to do the assignment for you.
A. If you were to ask me to do the assignment for you, I wouldn’t accept.
B. If you ask me to do the assignment for you, I will accept.
C. If you ask me to do the assignment for you, I won’t accept.
D. Unless you ask me to do the assignment for you, I won’t accept.
17. If I had known the reason why she was absent from class, I would have told you.
A. I knew the reason why she was absent from class, but I didn’t tell you.
36
 B. Unless I knew the reason why she was absent from class, I wouldn’t tell you.
C. I didn’t know the reason why she was absent from class; so I didn’t tell you.
D. Although I knew the reason why she was absent from class, I didn’t tell you.
18. If my company hadn’t employed me, I couldn’t have got such valuable real-world experience from my
professional colleagues.
A. Unless my company had employed me, I could have got professional real-world experience from my
professional colleagues.
B. Even my company had employed me, I couldn’t have got valuable real-world experience from my
professional colleagues.
C. I couldn’t have got valuable real-world experience from my professional colleagues because my
company hadn’t employed me.
D. Because my company had employed me, I could have got valuable real-world experience from my
professional colleagues.
19. Lisa couldn’t continue her university course now if she hadn’t received financial support from her uncle
last year.
A. Lisa hadn’t received financial support from her uncle, so she couldn’t continue her university course.
B. Lisa received financial support from her uncle last year, so she can continue her university course now.
C. If Lisa had received financial support from her uncle last year, she could continue her university course
now.
D. Even Lisa hadn’t received financial support from her uncle, she could continue her university course.
20. If my dad hadn’t kept educating himself continuously, he wouldn’t be a really successful man now.
A. My dad has kept educating himself continuously, so he is a really successful man now.
B. My dad hasn’t kept educating himself continuously, so he isn’t really successful.
C. My dad is a really successful man now, but he isn’t kept educating himself continuously.
D. Although my dad hasn’t kept educating himself continuously, he is a really successful man now.
X. Indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences.
1. The whole point of education is to give students the knowledge to be who they want to be. This quote
should be posted in schools for kids to see and live by.
A. That the whole point of education is to give students the knowledge to be who they want to be is a quote
that should be posted in schools for kids to see and live by.
B. It’s the whole point of education that gives students the knowledge to be who they want to be, which is
a quote that should be posted in schools for kids to see and live by.
C. Because whole point of education is to give students the knowledge to be who they want to be, this is a
quote that should be posted in schools for kids to see and live by.
D. Not only is the whole point of education to give students the knowledge to be who they want to be, but
also a quote that should be posted in schools for kids to see and live by.
2. A teaching career is something that never ends. Teachers themselves continually learn and grow each
day.
A. If teachers continually learn and grow each day, their teaching career will never end.
B. A teaching career never ends because teachers themselves continually learn and grow each day.
C. A teaching career would never end if teachers themselves do not continually learn and grow each day.
D. That teachers themselves continually learn and grow themselves makes their teaching never end.
3. I can’t believe that you would do something so crazy. If I were you, I might do the same.
A. I can’t believe that you would do something so crazy; however, if I were you I might do the same.
B. I can’t believe that you would do something so crazy that if I were you, I might do the same.
C. If I were you, might do such a crazy thing that I myself can’t believe that you would do
D. If I were you, I couldn’t believe you would do something so crazy, but I might do the same.
4. The principal has made one simple request to all the school’s students. The request is to leave cell phones
at home.
37
A. The principal has made one simple request to all the school’s students that they leave cell phones at
home.
B. The principal has made one simple request to all the school’s students to make sure that they leave cell
phones at home.
C. The principle made all the school’s students at a request of leaving their cell phones at home.
D. There has been a request made by the principal that all the school’s students leave their cell phones at
home.
5. She teaches children with special needs. Many of them have severe learning difficulties.
A. She teaches children with special needs and whoever have severe learning difficulties.
B. She teaches children with special needs and severe learning difficulties
C. She teaches children of severe learning difficulties and with special needs.
D. She teaches children with special needs, many of whom have severe learning difficulties.
6. You left the windows open last night. You were so careless.
A. It was careless of you to leave the windows open last night.
B. You left the windows open last night, which was so careless.
C. Leaving the windows open last night, you became more careless.
D. If you left the windows open last night, you would be so careless.
7. Another candidate with more qualifications applies in the next forty-eight hours. You should get the
position without any difficulties.
A. You should get the position without any difficulties forty-eight hours before another candidate with
more qualifications applies.
B. You should get the position without any difficulties after another candidate with lore qualifications
applies in the next forty-eight hours.
C. Another candidate with more qualifications applies in the next forty-eight hours to let you get the position
without any difficulties.
D. Unless another candidate with more qualifications applies in the next forty-eight hours, you should get
the position without any difficulties.
8. I have to stay for tutoring. I failed the quiz in math.
A. I have to stay for tutoring because I failed the quiz in math.
B. Staying for tutoring made me fail the quiz in math.
C. I failed the quiz in math as I have to stay for tutoring.
D. Having failed the quiz in math, I had to stay for tutoring.
9. They are very busy at work. They try to find time to play with their children.
A. They are so busy at work that they cannot find time to play with their children.
B. Busy as they are at work, they try to play with their children when finding time.
C. Busy as they are at work, they try to find time to play with their children.
D. They rarely have time to play with their children as they are busy at work.
10. Mary did not put any effort into learning English. She cannot speak with foreign partners in this project
now.
A. Even Mary put great effort into learning English, she cannot speak with the foreign partners in this
project now.
B. Mary did not put any effort into learning English, but she can speak with the foreign partners in this
project now.
C. Although Mary did not put any effort into learning English, she couldn’t speak with the foreign partners
in this project.
D. If Mary had put her effort into learning English, she could speak with the foreign partners in this project
now.
11. My younger sister was so excited to learn new things after work. She is in a cake-baking class now.

38
A. My younger sister wasn’t so excited to learn new things after work, so she was in a cake-baking class
now.
B. If my younger sister hadn’t been so excited to learn new things after work, she would not be in a cake-
baking class now.
C. My younger sister wasn’t so excited to learn new things after work, so she wasn’t in a cake-baking class
now.
D. My sister wasn’t in a cake-baking class now because she wasn’t excited to learn new things after work.
12. My dad had a wide range of practical life skills. He could solve most problems by himself.
A. If my dad hadn’t had a wide range of practical life skills, he couldn’t have solved most problems by
himself.
B. Because my dad hadn’t had a wide range or practical life skills, he couldn’t have solved most problems
by himself.
C. Since my dad didn’t have a wide range of practical life skills, he couldn’t solve most problems by
himself.
D. If my dad had a wide range of practical life skills, he couldn’t solve most problems by himself.
13. The subjects at high school were not really relevant to the real world. I cannot apply that knowledge in
my job now.
A. If the subjects at high school are more relevant to the real world, I can apply that knowledge in my job
now.
B. If the subjects at high school were more relevant to the real world, I could apply that knowledge in my
job now.
C. The subjects at high school were relevant to the real world, so I can apply that knowledge in my job
now.
D. If the subjects at high school had been more relevant to the real world, I could apply that knowledge in
my job now.
14. My sister didn’t have enough money for learning after college. She can’t get a Bachelor of Science
degree now.
A. If my sister had enough money for learning after college, she could get a Bachelor of Science degree
now.
B. If my sister had had enough money for learning after college, she could get a Bachelor of Science degree
now.
C. If my sister has enough money for learning after college, she can get a Bachelor of Science degree now.
D. Although my sister didn’t have enough money for learning after college, she could get a Bachelor of
Science degree.
15. My elder brother was interested in improving his management skills. He becomes so successful now.
A. If my elder brother weren't interested in improving his management skills, he could not become so
successful now.
B. If my elder brother isn’t interested in improving his management skills, he cannot become so successful
now.
C. If my elder brother hadn’t been interested in improving his management skills, he could not become so
successful now.
D. Even though my elder brother wasn’t interested in improving his management skills, he has become so
successful now.

39