Introduction
CONTEMPORARY Contempt
WORLD
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You are already a whether you are aware of
it or not.
CITIZEN OF THE
WORLD
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Relevance of this course
?
An outlook that is limited to one’s immediate community.
A person who is concerned only with his/her family, village, or
even country is parochial.
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KNOW MOREABOUT YOURSELF
It can teach you more about yourself. Knowing about other
countries allows you to compare your society with others. The
experiences of communities outside the PH may provide
solutions to many of the country’s current problems. They may
also provide warnings about what not to do.
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• define globalization
• differentiate the competing conceptions of globalization
• identify the underlying philosophies of the varying
definitions of globalization
THE STRUCTURES OF Definition
GLOBALIZATION
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Globalization is a process of interaction and
integration among the people, companies, and
governments of different nations.
A process driven by international trade and
investment and aided by information
technology.
This process has effects on the environment, on
culture, on political systems, on economic
development and prosperity, and on human
physical well-being in societies around the
world. (Globalization 101, n.d)
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GLOBALIZATION
DEFINITIONS FROM personages
VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES
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DEFINITIONS
Goldstein (2009)
Globalization encompasses many trends including
expanded international trade, monetary coordination,
multinational corporations, telecommunications,
technical and specific cooperation, cultural exchanges
of new types and scales, migration and refugee flows,
and relations between world’s rich and poor countries
and between human beings and the natural
environment. WOODGROVE 9
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DEFINITIONS
Friedman 1999
The inexorable integration of markets, nation-states
and technologies to a degree never witness before in a
way that is enabling individuals, corporations and
nation-states to reach around the world farther,
deeper, and cheaper than before.
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DEFINITIONS
Kiss, Endre 2013
Globalization is defined as the unprecedented new
world state, a special phase of the world history that is
already perceptible but that started ultimately in its
mature form in 1980 with the retreat of communism.
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DEFINITIONS
Heywood 2014
Globalization is the emergence of a complex web of
interconnectedness that means that our lives are
increasingly shaped by events that occur, and
decisions that are made, at a great distance from us.
Distinction are commonly drawn between economic
globalization, cultural globalization and political
globalization.
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DEFINITIONS
Ritzer and Dean 2015
Globalization is a trans planetary process set of
processes involving increasing liquidity and growing
multisectoral flows of people, objects, places, and
information as well as the structure they encounter
and create that are barriers to or expedite those flows.
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MANFRED STEGER
Professor of Hawaii at Manoa.
He was also Professor of Global
Studies and Director of the
Globalism Research Centre at
RMIT University in Australia
until 2013.
Steger’s research and teaching
spans globalization, ideology, and
non-violence.
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Manfred Steger
COMMON THEMES
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THEME 1
– Globalization involves the
creation of new and the
multiplication of existing social
networks and activities that
increasingly overcome traditional
political, economic, cultural and
geographical boundaries.
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THEME 2
– Globalization is reflected in the
expansion and stretching of social
relations, activities, and
interdependence.
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THEME 3
– Globalization involves the
intensification and acceleration of
social exchanges and activities.
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THEME 4
– Globalization processes also
involve the subjective plane of
human consciousness since the
creation, expansion, and
intensification of social
interconnectedness and
interdependence do not occur
merely on an objective, material
leve.
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GLOBALIZATION
Globalization is the expansion
and intensification of social
relations and consciousness
across world-time and across
world-space.
Expansion – refers to both the creation of new social
networks and the multiplication of existing connections that
cut across traditional political, economic, cultural, and
geographic boundaries.
Intensification – refers to the expansion, stretching, and
acceleration of these networks.
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GLOBALIZATION IN
ECONOMICS
• Multinational Corporations operate on a global scale, with
satellite offices and branches in numerous locations.
• Outsourcing can add to the economic development of a
struggling country, bringing much needed jobs.
• Some automobiles use parts from other countries, as in a car
being assembled in the United States with the parts coming
from Japan, Germany, or Korea.
• One shirt sold in the US could have been made from Chinese
cotton by workers in Thailand. Then it could have been shipped
on a French freighter that had a Spanish crew. WOODGROVE 21
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GLOBALIZATION IN THE
BLENDING OF CULTURES
• The Silk Road was a trade route between China and the
Mediterranean Sea area and it allowed the exchange of not
only goods, but culture and knowledge.
• Christian missionaries from Europe added to the globalization
of Christianity.
• Food is one factor of globalization
• Satellite television allows shows from one country to be
broadcasted in many others, adding to cultural globalization.
Example, spread of K-pop.
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GLOBALIZATION IN
TECHNOLOGY
• The Internet is a major contributor to globalization, not only
technologically but in other areas as well, like in cultural
exchanges of the arts.
• Global news networks, like CNN, contribute to the spread of
knowledge.
• Cell phones connect people all over the world like never before.
Around 60 percent of all people in the world use cell phones.
• Greater international travel and tourism
• Greater immigration, including illegal immigrants. WOODGROVE 24
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PRO?
ANTI? GLOBALIZATION
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ANTI-GLOBALIZATION
Many anti-globalism activists see globalization as the
promotion of a Corporatist agenda, which is intent on
constricting the freedoms of individuals in the name of
profit.
They also claim that increasing autonomy and strength of
corporate entities increasingly shape the political policy of
nation-states.
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Globalism – a widespread belief among powerful people that the global integration of economic
markets is beneficial to everyone, since it spreads freedom and democracy across the world.
PRO-GLOBALIZATION
(GLOBALISM)
Supporters of free trade point out that economic theories
such as comparative advantage suggests that free trade
leads to a more efficient allocation of resources, with all
those involved in the trade benefiting.
In general, they claim that this leads to lower prices, more
employment and better allocation of resources.
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ANTHROPOLOGIST ARJUN
APPADURAI’S “SCAPES THEORY”
(GLOBAL CULTURAL FLOW)
For Anthropoligist Arjun
Appadurai, while it is
important to ask “What is
globalization? It is
likewise important to ask,
what is/are being
globalized?
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ANTHROPOLOGIST ARJUN
APPADURAI’S “SCAPES THEORY”
(GLOBAL CULTURAL FLOW)
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GLOBALIZATION IS…
▪About the liberalization and global integration of market;
▪Inevitable and irreversible
▪Nobody is in charge of it;
▪Benefits everyone in the long run;
▪Furthers the spread of democracy in the world;
▪Requires a global war on terror.
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THANK YOU.
