Introduction

Welcome to RowSafe
RowSafe provides safety advice to rowers, clubs, competitions and everyone else associated with the sport of rowing.
RowSafe is a simple and direct web-enabled directory. The sections contain “Expectations” for various different groups, e.g.
Everyone, Clubs, Competitions, Coaches, Regional Rowing Councils, and British Rowing, the list varies a little according to topic. They
also contain links to other relevant information.

The Approach
It is a myth that “health and safety” is all about stopping people from enjoying themselves. RowSafe has adopted the modern safety
approach of trying to find the ways in which people can take part in an activity without putting themselves and others at
unacceptable risk.
We recognise that, in the real world, there is some risk associated with every activity. A little thought can go a long way to ensuring
that the level of risk is acceptable.
The need for risk assessment is a continuing theme in RowSafe. This consists of thinking about hazards and the hazardous events that
they can cause. Risk can be reduced by installing “barriers” that reduce the chances of a hazard producing a hazardous event and by
having “controls” that limit the harm should a hazardous event occur. This is explained in detail in the Safety Basics online learning
resource.
Risk Assessments can be documented and detailed but these should be supplemented by considerations of whether it is safe to do
what we were planning to do. We all do this every time we cross the road.

Introduction
DISCLAIMER: RowSafe provides general guidance to clubs and their members on safe practice in rowing. It is however the responsibility of each
club to maintain up-to-date risk assessments and define and monitor its own safety practices, guidance and procedures specific to its environment
and activities, which clubs shall ensure are made known to their members and members shall comply with the same.

Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the medical and other similar information and guidance in this manual is accurate and reflective of best
practice at the time of publication, it is the user’s responsibility to ensure that such information and guidance is up-to date before acting upon it.
British Rowing accepts no responsibility for the content of third party websites accessed through links in this publication. 2
The Update Process
British Rowing is a learning organisation and our knowledge continues to evolve. RowSafe will be updated periodically to
accommodate this learning.
Updates will be made on an annual basis around spring of each year. Each section is dated to help users to ensure that they are using
the most recent version. A summary of the changes at each update will also be provided.
Users are invited to ask questions, make comments and suggest improvements; to do so please write to safety@britishrowing.org.

Version Update date

2016 November 2016

2017 April 2017

2018 April 2018

2019 April 2019

2020 October 2020

2021 April 2021

2021 April 2021

2022 April 2022

Further Information
• Safety Basics - https://www.rowhow.org/course/view.php?id=194

Introduction
RowSafe is a safety guidance document. Please read our safety message and disclaimer. 3
Contents
1. Culture and Expectations 6
1.1. Roles and Expectations 7
1.2. Positive Safety Culture 9
1.3. Club Safety Policy 11
1.3.1. Specimen Safety Policy 12
2. Communication 13
2.1. Communication of Safety Information 14
2.2. Make up of Club Induction Pack 16
2.3. Radio Procedure 18
3. Club Safety 24
3.1. Club Risk Assessment 25
3.2. Club Safety Plans and Safety Rules 27
3.3. Club Emergency Response Plan 30
3.4. Club Rowing Safety Adviser Job Description 32
3.5. Training Camps and Rowing on Unfamiliar Waters 34
3.6. Competence in the Water 36
3.7. Capsize and Recovery 38
3.8. Man Overboard 41
4. Competition Safety 43
4.1. Competition Risk Assessment 45
4.2. Competition Safety Plans and Safety Rules 47
4.3. Competition Emergency Response Plan 50
4.4. Competition Rowing Safety Adviser Job Description 52
4.5. Competition Navigational Arrangements 54
4.6. Alternative Arrangements Plan 56
4.7. Competition Safety Boat Providers 58
4.8. Adaptive Competitions 60
4.9. Touring 63
5. Competence 65
5.1. Steering and Navigation 66
5.2. Launch Driving 70
6. People 73
6.1. People new to Rowing 74
6.1.1. Safety Advice for People new to Rowing 77
6.2. Adaptive rowers 78
7. Equipment 82
7.1. Boats and Blades 83
7.2. Transport and Trailers 86
7.3. Safety Aids 88
Contents
DISCLAIMER: RowSafe provides general guidance to clubs and their members on safe practice in rowing. It is however the responsibility of each
club to maintain up-to-date risk assessments and define and monitor its own safety practices, guidance and procedures specific to its environment
and activities, which clubs shall ensure are made known to their members and members shall comply with the same.

Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the medical and other similar information and guidance in this manual is accurate and reflective of best
practice at the time of publication, it is the user’s responsibility to ensure that such information and guidance is up-to-date before acting upon it.
British Rowing accepts no responsibility for the content of third party websites accessed through links in this publication. 4
 7.4. Launches 90
7.4.1. Launch Safety Kits 92
8. Health 94
8.1. Cold Water Immersion and Hypothermia 95
8.2. Sunburn, Heat Illness and Exhaustion 97
8.3. First Aid 99
8.4. Waterborne Infections and Diseases 103
8.5. Concussion 105
8.6. Coping with Illness and Diseases 107
8.6.1. Common Illnesses 109
8.6.2. Chronic Conditions and Diseases 111
8.6.3. Asthma 113
8.7. What To Do If Someone Collapses 116
9. Topics Covered in Risk Assessments 120
9.1. Weather 121
9.2. The Rowing Environment 126
9.3. The Water 130
9.4. Other Water Users 135
9.5. Going Afloat and Landing 139
9.6. In and Around the Boathouse 143
9.7. Faulty, Incorrectly Set and Poorly Maintained Equipment 146
9.8. Pre-existing Health Conditions and Low Levels of Fitness 150
9.9. Ocean Rowing Risk Management Plan 152
9.10. Rowing in floods 156
9.11. Indoor Rowing 160
10. Rowing on the Sea 165
10.1. Coastal and Inshore Rowing 166
10.2. Fixed Seat Sea Rowing 169
10.2.1. Gig & Other Fixed Seat Boat Safety Kits 172
10.3. Ocean Rowing 173
10.3.1. Ocean Rowing Safety Equipment 177
11. Land Training 178
11.1. Indoor Rowing 179
11.2. Gym Training 182
12. Incident Reporting 184
13. Auditing 186
13.1. Safety Inspections 187

Contents
RowSafe is a safety guidance document. Please read our safety message and disclaimer. 5
1. Culture and Expectations
The analysis of reported incidents has shown that most harmful incidents associated with rowing are the result of at-risk behaviour. A
positive safety culture can do more to ensure everyone’s safety than the technical issues that many tend to focus on.

This chapter of RowSafe contains the following sections:

1.1 Roles and Expectations 7
1.2 Positive Safety Culture 9
1.3 Club Safety Policy 11
1.4 Specimen Safety Policy 12

I. Culture and Expectations

DISCLAIMER: RowSafe provides general guidance to clubs and their members on safe practice in rowing. It is however the responsibility of each
club to maintain up-to-date risk assessments and define and monitor its own safety practices, guidance and procedures specific to its environment
and activities, which clubs shall ensure are made known to their members and members shall comply with the same.

Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the medical and other similar information and guidance in this manual is accurate and reflective of best
practice at the time of publication, it is the user’s responsibility to ensure that such information and guidance is up-to-date before acting upon it.
British Rowing accepts no responsibility for the content of third party websites accessed through links in this publication. 6
1.1. Roles and Expectations
Everyone involved in rowing is expected to ensure their actions or lack of action do not compromise the safety of themselves or
others. Confusion in role definition can lead to necessary tasks being left to others and not being completed at all.
Expected roles are outlined in very general terms below and in more detail throughout RowSafe.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Take responsibility for their own safety both on and off the water.
• Ensure that their actions both on and off the water do not put others at risk.
• Examine their own actions if they are involved in an incident and identify opportunities for improvement.
• Ensure that they have prepared for the activity that they are about to undertake, including having eaten appropriately and
have sufficient drinking water.
• Ensure that they are dressed appropriately for the conditions and that their hair, if long, is restrained such that it does not
interfere with their rowing.
• Be aware of, and abide by, the Club Safety Rules.
• Follow the guidance in the Club Safety Plans.
• Report all incidents both within the club and to British Rowing.

Club
Club Officers are expected to ensure a positive safety culture (see RowSafe 1.2) and safe practice within the club; they are expected
to:
• Establish and publish a Safety Policy in which they commit to safety.
• Provide a safe environment for their members and others to enjoy their sport.
• Appoint a Club Rowing Safety Adviser(s) (CRSA) (see RowSafe 3.4), to lead and advise on promoting safe practice.
• Support the CRSA and take their advice into account.
• Establish and communicate Safety Rules that define what is, and what is not, appropriate behaviour (these may be
integrated into the more general Rules of the club).
• Complete and maintain Safety Plans to guide members on safe practice in rowing.
• Provide members with education and training in risk assessment and safe practice.
• Produce and maintain a Club Risk Assessment that covers all the activities of the club.
• Complete the British Rowing Annual Safety Audit and consider implementing any improvements that this suggests.
• Liaise with all water users and other stakeholders (such as the local sailing club) to ensure that neither will put the other at
risk.
• Encourage club members to be accountable for safety and report all incidents.
• Take appropriate action if its members fail to abide by its Safety Rules.

Competitions
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Complete and maintain a Competition Risk Assessment and use this to define Safety Plans for the competition.
• Promote and communicate safe practice in all activities associated with the competition.
• Appoint a Competition Rowing Safety Adviser (CoRSA) (see RowSafe 4.4) to lead and advise on promoting safe practice,
support their CoRSA and take their advice into account.

I.1. Roles and Expectations Click here to go to Contents

RowSafe is a safety guidance document. Please read our safety message and disclaimer.
7
Regional Rowing Councils
Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Develop and encourage a positive safety culture (see RowSafe 1.2) and safe practice in the region.
• Support clubs and competitions in organising their activities and encourage them to follow good practice based on the risks
associated with the type of club, waters and activities in the region.
• Promote safety education and training.
• Review the safety provision of competitions within the region and provide or withhold approval for each of them to be
held.
• Review safety at clubs and competitions and provide feedback to those clubs and competitions.
• Maintain contact with navigation and other authorities to assist their clubs and competitions to operate safely.
• Appoint a Regional Rowing Safety Adviser to lead and advise on promoting safe practice.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides leadership and promotes a positive safety culture (see RowSafe 1.2).
• Provides support through safety education and training for regions, clubs, competitions and members.
• Appoints an Honorary Rowing Safety Adviser.
• Supports the National Rowing Safety Committee.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• RowSafe 1.2 - Positive safety culture
• RowSafe 3.4 - CRSA Job Description
• RowSafe 4.4 - CoRSA Job Description
• Rules of Racing - britishrowing.org/events/entering-events/rules-of-racing
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System – incidentreporting.britishrowing.org

I.1. Roles and Expectations Click here to go to Contents

RowSafe is a safety guidance document. Please read our safety message and disclaimer. 8
1.2. Positive Safety Culture
A positive safety culture is a bit like a sense of humour, it is difficult to describe but you know what it is when you see it.

What is safety culture?

The safety culture of any organisation is formed from a combination of individual and group:
• Beliefs;
• Values;
• Attitudes;
• Perceptions;
• Competencies; and
• Patterns of behaviour.
These determine the commitment to, and the style of, a club’s approach to safety.

Clubs with a positive safety culture have:

• Communications founded on mutual trust;
• Shared perceptions of the importance of safety; and
• Confidence in the effectiveness of their safety precautions.

Building a positive safety culture

Safety culture does not just develop on its own and it does not happen quickly. The best way to start is to help people to
understand how their behaviours can influence their safety; in time this will influence that behaviour, and help those people to
develop positive values and attitudes.
It may be necessary to impose behaviour using rules. Eventually, imposed behaviours become learned behaviours, and learned
behaviours will become natural or instinctive behaviours. This all leads to improved competence and will, in due course, help to
develop attitudes and beliefs.
This does not just happen on its own; it takes leadership and commitment. It needs a desire from the leaders of the club to improve
the way members act together to keep themselves and each other safe. This all starts with influencing behaviour.

Leading people to change their behaviour

The leaders of clubs can motivate and encourage their members to develop “safe” behaviour and avoid “at-risk” behaviour. The first
step is to understand the importance of behaviour in the causation of incidents. This was described in an article in Rowing and
Regatta.
“Leaders” in this context are not just those in positions of responsibility but also everyone whose decisions can impact on the safety
and wellbeing of others. This will include club officials, coaches, coxes, steers, rowers, scullers, parents and helpers. Almost everyone
involved has some sort of leadership role.
Leaders can encourage people to improve their behaviour by first defining the behaviour that is acceptable and that which is not
acceptable. This should not be a long list but should contain the issues that matter most. More can be added later as behaviour
improves. This information should then be published so that members can understand it. This will influence their behaviour.
There should be consequences of both acceptable and at-risk behaviours. There should be positive consequences for acceptable
behaviour and negative consequences for at-risk behaviour. This could be as simple as a coach thanking a cox who took great care
when steering to avoid hazards and keeping to the navigation plan, and taking a cox who did not to one side and providing stern
words of advice.
Knowledge of the consequences, at the time of the behaviour tends to feed back and influence the behaviour. To be effective,
consequences should be soon, certain and significant.
There is more information for Level 2 coaches in “Coaching Safe Behaviour” (go to RowHow, then click on “Coaching
Qualifications” then “Club Coach - UKCC Level 2 Certificate in Coaching Rowing” then “Essential Reading” and click on “Coaching
Safe Behaviour”).

I.2. Positive Safety Culture Click here to go to Contents

RowSafe is a safety guidance document. Please read our safety message and disclaimer. 9
Why should a club want to build a positive safety culture?
Having a positive safety culture leads to a cohesive, considerate, friendly atmosphere. It will also enhance the reputation of the club
particularly amongst the parents of juniors. It will reduce the number of injuries that stop rowers from performing and it will reduce
the amount of equipment damage.
This cohesion will help when it comes to competition. The pride and sense of belonging that rowers have for their club will motivate
them to succeed.
A positive safety culture in a rowing club would result in everyone taking care to keep themselves and others safe. For example,
members would always:
• Consider safety when deciding whether to start, or continue, an activity.
• Check their boats before going afloat.
• Take care when handling boats.
• Follow the instructions of their cox and coach.
• Take care when launching.
• Dress appropriately for the conditions.
• Always abide by the circulation plan or rules of the river.
• Keep a good lookout.
• Report all the incidents that they see and consider how they could have been avoided.
• Take care when coming ashore.
• Clean their boats before putting them away.

Further Information
A positive safety culture may be difficult to define but it is an invaluable asset for any club.
For further information and training opportunities contact the Honorary Rowing Safety Adviser at safety@britishrowing.org.

I.2. Positive Safety Culture Click here to go to Contents

RowSafe is a safety guidance document. Please read our safety message and disclaimer. 10
1.3. Club Safety Policy
A safety policy provides the opportunity for a club to make a clear statement of its intention to keep its members safe. It can also
form the basis for the development of a positive safety culture (see RowSafe 1.2).

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Read the Club Safety Policy and show their commitment to it by signing a copy.
• Implement the policy to the best of their abilities.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Define the safety policy for their club, there is a specimen policy in RowSafe 1.3.1.
• Communicate it widely.
• Invite members to commit to it by signing it.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Support the implementation of the safety policy.
• Lead by example.
• Commit to the safety policy.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to clubs in their region on safety policies.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides support through safety education and training for regions, clubs, competitions and members.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• RowSafe 1.2 - Positive Safety Culture
• RowSafe 1.3.1 - Specimen Club Safety Policy - see example below

I.3. Club Safety Policy Click here to go to Contents

RowSafe is a safety guidance document. Please read our safety message and disclaimer. 11
1.3.1. Specimen Safety Policy

Club Safety Policy (++ insert Club Badge or

Logo ++)

+++ insert name of club +++ has a zero tolerance for anyone being harmed as a result of our members’ participation in the sport.
We believe that harm is not an inevitable consequence of our activities and that incidents that cause harm can be avoided. We will
strive to provide an environment in which the sport can be practised safely and enjoyably by our members. We will guide and lead
our members in a way that fulfils these aims.
We recognise that our members have primary responsibility for their own safety and the safety of others. The Club, through its
Officers and Committee, will encourage safe practice having due regard for the guidance provided by British Rowing in RowSafe.
The Club has safety rules that it expects its members to respect; these can be found (insert location). Complying with these rules will
help to prevent harm.
The Club is also committed to learn from the incidents it becomes aware of and will share this information to help others in the
sport to learn too. We are committed to make appropriate use of British Rowing’s Incident Reporting System.
Members are invited to refer any questions and concerns, relating to safety, to the Club’s Rowing Safety Adviser (insert name) or his
(or her) deputy (or deputies) (insert name(s)).

Signed by Chairman: Date:

NB: You can copy and paste this Safety Policy into an editable document.

I.3. Club Safety Policy Click here to go to Contents

RowSafe is a safety guidance document. Please read our safety message and disclaimer. 12
2. Communication
Good communication works in many directions. In rowing it is important that clubs communicate with their members and
competitions communicate with participants (including umpires and officials). Effective communication often uses a variety of media,
these include personal and electronic communication.
Everyone should ensure that they are aware of the information and guidance that has been made available to them and that they
should report any issues or concerns that they are aware of. It is also important to feel free to ask questions and to be able to
receive appropriate answers.

This chapter of RowSafe contains the following sections:

2.1. Communication of Safety Information 14
2.2. Make up of Club Induction Pack 16
2.3 Radio Procedure 18

2. Communication
DISCLAIMER: RowSafe provides general guidance to clubs and their members on safe practice in rowing. It is however the responsibility of each
club to maintain up-to-date risk assessments and define and monitor its own safety practices, guidance and procedures specific to its environment
and activities, which clubs shall ensure are made known to their members and members shall comply with the same.

Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the medical and other similar information and guidance in this manual is accurate and reflective of best
practice at the time of publication, it is the user’s responsibility to ensure that such information and guidance is up-to-date before acting upon it.
British Rowing accepts no responsibility for the content of third party websites accessed through links in this publication. 13
2.1. Communication of Safety Information
Everyone should ensure that they are aware of the information and guidance that has been made available to them and that they
should report any issues or concerns that they are aware of. It is also important to feel free to ask questions and to be able to
receive appropriate answers.
Communication methods include:
• In person, face-to-face;
• Safety notice boards (club and competition);
• Digital communications (websites, emails and social media); and
• Training and induction materials.

Expectations Look out for any new safety

information
© Richard Palmer
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Frequently check the various communication methods
such as notice boards, emails and website.
• Review the information available and take appropriate
action such as understanding the displayed circulation
plan and abiding by it.
• Report concerns, incidents and near misses as
appropriate.
• Report all incidents using the British Rowing Incident
Reporting System.
• Ask a responsible person whenever they have questions
or feel that they need more information.
• Be aware of, and understand, the instructions and any
safety requirements when at competitions.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Promptly review all advice issued by British Rowing and the Regional Rowing Council and take action when required.
• Make members aware of changes whenever the Club Risk Assessment, rules, procedures and advice are updated.
• Maintain regular communication with all local water users and other stakeholders and circulate any information to members.
This could include information about sailing regattas and fishing competitions arranged by other organisations.
• Ensure that all members are aware of and able to access the communication methods used by the club.
• Review the effectiveness of the club’s communication processes.
• Report all incidents using the British Rowing Incident Reporting System.

2.1. Communication of Safety Information Click here to go to Contents

RowSafe is a safety guidance document. Please read our safety message and disclaimer.
14
Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Communicate rules and safety recommendations to rowers under their supervision.
• Report all perceived safety issues to the Club Rowing Safety Adviser and Club Committee.
• Report all incidents using the British Rowing Incident Reporting System.
• Ensure that their crews, when at competitions, are aware of and understand the instructions to competitors and any safety
requirements.
• Read, understand and implement the guidance on Coaching Safe Behaviour (if you have a UKCC Level 2 Club Coach
qualification go to RowHow, then click on “Coaching Qualifications” then “Club Coach - UKCC Level 2 Certificate in
Coaching Rowing” then “Essential Reading” and click on “Coaching Safe Behaviour”)

Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Promptly review all advice issued by British Rowing and the Regional Rowing Council to the Competition Rowing Safety
Adviser, and take action when required.
• Make competing clubs aware of the Competition Risk Assessment, local rules, procedures, advice and safety arrangements.
• Publicise rules, procedures, and other requirements.
• Encourage competitors to check the communication methods used by the competition.
• Review the effectiveness of the competition’s communication processes.
• Report all incidents using the British Rowing Incident Reporting System.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Promote and support communication on all aspects of safety.
• Issue and maintain any regional guidance on rowing safety, acting primarily on advice from the Regional Rowing Safety
Adviser.
• Recommend action as a result of incidents that may come to the attention of the Regional Rowing Safety Adviser.
• Maintain regular communication with local navigation authorities and other regional stakeholders and circulate any
information to clubs (for example information relating to river closures or modifications to navigation rules).
• Maintain regular communication with British Rowing.
• Review the effectiveness of the Regional Rowing Council’s communication processes.

British Rowing
British Rowing:

• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.

• Provides an Incident Reporting System.

• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.

• Provides safety training material on its website.

• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org

• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive

2.1. Communication of Safety Information Click here to go to Contents

RowSafe is a safety guidance document. Please read our safety message and disclaimer. 15
2.2. Make up of Club Induction Pack
The Club Induction Pack should contain information that new members would need to familiarise themselves with the operation of
the club. It should provide new members with simple guidance that will keep themselves and others safe and ease their transition
into full participation in the club.
The Club Induction Pack should also contain links to other information that may be needed later. If it is available on the club’s
website then the links should be hyperlinks.

Suggested Contents
Introduction to the Club
Provide information on topics such as:
• A summary of the history of the club.
• A list of club officials (preferably including photographs).
• A list of club First Aiders (preferably including photographs).
• Club Rowing Safety Adviser (name, photo and contact details).
• Club Welfare Officer (name, photo and contact details).
• Parking.
• Times when the club is open.
• Transport to and from the club.

Club Procedures
Include a list of procedures and links to each. Procedures could include, for example, the process for quarantining damaged
equipment.

Safety Information
Provide information on topics such as:
• The location of club procedures; for example, are they located on the notice board or on the website?
• Responsibilities and expectations for everyone.
• Risk Assessments / Safety Plan; what they are and where they can be found.
• Safety Aids such as throw lines, lifejackets, launch, lifeguard tube.
• Declarations of Medical Conditions (for example telling a coach about medical and fitness issues).
• First Aiders and First Aid provision.
• Emergency Response Plans; what they are and where they can be found.
• Clubhouse Fire Evacuation Plan.
• Emergency Contacts.
• Incident Reporting.
• Capsize / Man Overboard and Recovery Training / Floating and Swimming ability.
• Waterborne diseases.
• Where to find further safety information on the British Rowing website including RowSafe and the Rules of Racing.

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Navigation
Provide information on topics such as:
• Club rules.
• Circulation plan and navigation rules.
• Outing rules.
• Hazards whilst afloat and hazards on land.
• Responsibilities and expectations of cox and steersperson.
• Responsibilities and expectations of launch drivers.
• Launch driving rules.

Equipment
Provide information on topics such as:
• Care of equipment; for example, pre and post use equipment checks.
• Types of boats and parts of boats and blades.
• Any limitations on the equipment to be used by members.
• Responsibilities and expectations when using launches.
• Responsibilities and expectations when using the rowing tank.
• Responsibilities and expectations when land training; for example, using the gym, rowing machines, bikes and weights.
• Responsibilities and expectations when using trailers.

Expectations
Specify expectations for:
• Crew (novice and more experienced rowers).
• Cox and steersperson.
• Coaches.
• Launch drivers.
• Helpers and other volunteers.

Introduction to Rowing
Provide information on topics such as:
• Rowing terminology (see the Glossary of Rowing terms).
• Equipment.
• British Rowing Technique.
• Training advice.

Further Information
• British Rowing website:
o Glossary of Terms - britishrowing.org/knowledge/online-learning/techniques-and-training/glossary
o Equipment section - britishrowing.org/knowledge/online-learning/equipment
o British Rowing Technique section - britishrowing.org/knowledge/rower-development/british-rowing-technique/
o Training advice section - britishrowing.org/knowledge/online-learning/training-advice
o Safety Alert Archive - https://www.britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive/

2.2. Make Up of Club Induction Pack Click here to go to Contents

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2.3. Radio Procedure
Effective use of the radios relies on keeping transmissions short and to the point, speaking clearly and following basic internationally
recognised procedure.
The following guidelines are based on standard VHF radio procedure. They are internationally recognised and are consistent with the
procedure regarded as standard by other radio users. The use of Procedure Words (pro-words) and the International Phonetic
Alphabet makes transmissions easier to understand, especially when reception is poor. A list of pro-words and the phonetic alphabet
are shown below. The pro-words are shown in red in the following examples.
Competition Organisers are advised to consider having a dedicated channel for safety and rescue communications.
Advice on Radio Licensing and Operators’ Certificates of Competence will be provided in ClubHub.

Radio Channels
Marine Mobile Band VHF channels
Marine Mobile Band radios typically have 57 channels with each channel having a designated function. The following channel
designations should be noted:
• Channel 16 is used for initial calling, distress and safety only
• Channel 67 is the small craft safety channel
• Channels 6, 8, 72, and 77 are the primary inter-ship channels for “ship to ship” working
• Channel 70 is reserved for Digital Selective Calling (DSC) only
Other channels are reserved for Port Operations. If you operate near a port then you should know the primary channel used by that
port. Monitoring the local Port Control or Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) channel can give you advance notice of large ship movements.
A list of the channels used by Port Radio (VTS) stations, locks and bridges can be found at https://rnli-sarroc.org.uk/channels.html
Some channels use different frequencies for “ship to shore” and “shore to ship” transmissions (these are known as duplex channels).
They cannot be used for ship to ship communications.
Avoid channels commonly used by other local water users e.g. fishing boats, other local clubs.

Other radios
Other radios may have several channels but without a designated function for each channel. It is important that your club agrees
which channels are to be used or that all radio users agree this at the start of the outing.

2.3. Radio Procedure Click here to go to Contents

RowSafe is a safety guidance document. Please read our safety message and disclaimer. 18
Making a Call
Listen
Only one radio can transmit successfully at a time so if you talk at the same time as someone else one of you will not be heard.

Make Your Call

To make your initial call, say their name and yours. e.g. “Control. This is Rescue 1. Over.”
If you do not get an immediate reply, wait a short time and then call again saying the station names twice, for example, at a
competition you may say “Control, Control, this is Rescue 1, Rescue 1. Over”.
At sea or where communications are difficult it is quite normal to say the station names three times for example “Falmouth
Coastguard, Falmouth Coastguard, Falmouth Coastguard, this is Gig Swift, Swift, Swift, Over.”
When the other station has replied to your initial call, pass your messages. When you have finished saying something and want to
hear the other station, say “Over”. At the end of the conversation, one station will say “Out”.
For example, at a competition you may hear:
“Control, this is Rescue 1 Over.”
“Rescue 1, this is Control. Over.”
“Control, this is Rescue 1. I am in position just downstream of the bridge Over.”
“Rescue 1, this is Control. Received. Out.”

If communication is not clear then you may be asked to spell a name or word. This is what you may hear.
“Station calling London Coastguard this is London Coastguard. Please spell your vessel’s name, Over”
“London Coastguard this is the London Cornish Gig Fury Fury, I spell Foxtrot, Uniform, Romeo, Yankee, Fury.
Over”

Always use the phonetic alphabet.

Examples of some standard calls

Radio Checks
At the start of a competition, Control may carry out radio checks to ensure that everyone can hear and be heard. The procedure for
this is:
“Rescue 1, this is Control. Radio Check, please. Over.”
“Control, this is Rescue 1. I have you loud and clear. Over.”
“Rescue 1, this is Control, I have you loud and clear also. Out.”

It is important that Rescue 1 knows that Control is receiving his transmissions.

Routine call to coastguards

A routine call may be made to the area Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre by a Gig, or any other vessel, leaving harbour and
proceeding to sea if the club’s risk assessment, or the local conditions at the time, determine that this is appropriate.
In this example the Gig Troy is about to leave Fowey harbour and proceed to sea and wishes to call MRCC Falmouth.
Initial call on Channel 16,
“Falmouth Coastguard, Falmouth Coastguard, Falmouth Coastguard this is the Fowey Gig Troy, Troy, Troy.
Routine safety traffic, Over.”
“Gig Troy this is Falmouth Coastguard, standby on channel 67 and await my call Over.”
“Falmouth Coastguard this is Troy, I will stand by on channel 67 Out.”

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Then switch to channel 67 and listen, this is what you may hear.
“Gig Troy, Troy, Troy, this is Falmouth Coastguard Pass your message Over.”
“Falmouth Coastguard this is Troy. I am just leaving Fowey harbour and expect to return within one hour. I have
seven persons on board. Over.”
“Troy, this is Falmouth Coastguard. Received. Please call again on your safe return to Fowey. Out.”

If the coastguard station is not particularly busy then it may transfer communication to Channel 67 immediately, as described below.
Initial call on Channel 16,
“Falmouth Coastguard, Falmouth Coastguard, Falmouth Coastguard this is the Fowey Gig Troy, Troy, Troy.
Routine safety traffic, Over.”
“Gig Troy this is Falmouth Coastguard, channel 67 Over.”
“Falmouth Coastguard this is Troy, channel 67 Out.”

Then switch to channel 67 and listen, if the channel is clear then transmit your message.
“Falmouth Coastguard, Falmouth Coastguard this is the Fowey Gig Troy, Troy. Over.”
“Troy, this is Falmouth Coastguard Pass your message Over.”
“Falmouth Coastguard this is the Troy. I am just leaving Fowey harbour and expect to return within one hour. I
have seven persons on board Over.”
“Troy, this is Falmouth Coastguard. Received. Please call again on your safe return to Fowey. Out.”

Do not forget to switch back to channel 16.

Broadcasting to All Stations

Sometimes it is important to tell everyone something e.g. that the lunch break has just started. To pass a message to everyone, call
“All Stations”.
“All Stations, this is Control. Be aware that the lunch break has started and the next race is due to start at 13:00. Out.”

This should be used when you need to communicate information to everyone. End the message with “Out” if you do not expect
anyone to reply.

Distress calling - Mayday

The word Mayday is derived from the French m’aidez (help me). It is only to be used when there is grave and imminent danger of
loss of life or a vessel and immediate assistance is required. “Mayday” calls take precedence over all other transmissions.
For example, on Marine Mobile Band, channel 16:
“Mayday Mayday Mayday Rogue All Stations, this is Ilfracombe Gig Rogue Rogue Rogue My position is In The
Range, half a mile north of Ilfracombe Harbour. We have capsized and the boat is awash. We require rescue.
There are seven persons in the water with the boat. All the people in the water are wearing lifejackets. There
are no other boats in the vicinity. All Stations, this is Rogue Over.”

At this point the Coastguard would respond to Rogue to confirm the information whilst another Coastguard officer would alert the
appropriate Lifeboat station or Air Sea Rescue helicopter base.
If there are other vessels in the area then the Coastguard would retransmit the message using the pre-fix Mayday Relay. This prefix
is used by a station that is not in distress to alert other stations that a vessel is in distress. For example, it would be used by a station
upon sighting a red flare or other distress signal.
All further radio transmissions not directly associated with the rescue shall cease immediately and shall not resume until permission
(“Distress Fini” (pronounced Distress Feenee)) is transmitted. All radio transmissions associated with the rescue should commence
“Mayday Rogue”.

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There is a standard order in which information should be passed in a distress or urgency situation. This can be remembered using the
mnemonic “MIPDANIO”, as follows:
M = Mayday
I = Identification (the name of your vessel)
P = Position (your location, preferably as a bearing and distance from a well-known point)
D = nature of your Distress (what is your problem)
A = the Assistance required (what help do you need)
N = the Number of people involved
I = any other relevant Information
O = Over
The efficient transfer of information may help to save a life.

Urgency message - prefix Pan-pan

The message prefix “Pan-pan” is used when there is a matter of urgency but where there is no imminent danger of loss of life or a
vessel. “Pan-pan” messages take precedence over all except “Mayday” messages and, although they do not impose radio silence
automatically, further transmissions not associated with the incident should cease until the urgency has ended. There is an example
below:
“Pan-pan, Pan-pan, Pan-pan, All Stations this is Umpire 1, Umpire 1. I am 50 metres upstream of the weir I have
suffered engine failure but am using my anchor to maintain this position. I will require a tow. I have 2 persons on
board. All Stations this is Umpire 1 Over.”
“Pan-pan Umpire 1 Umpire 1 this is Rescue 1. I will be with you in 30 seconds Over”
“Pan-pan Umpire 1 Rescue 1 this is Umpire 1. Received Out”

Safety message - prefix “Securite”

A Safety message is often used to broadcast safety information. For example, a Coastguard radio station will broadcast gale warnings,
upon receipt. There is another example bellow:
“Sécurité Sécurité Sécurité All stations this is Start Marshal, Start Marshal. A large motor vessel is about to enter
the course and navigate up the centre of the river at speed. Suspend racing and clear the course. All Stations,
this is Start Marshal. Out.”

“Sécurité” messages take precedence over all except “Mayday” and “Pan-pan” messages.

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Pro-words
This is Indicates the Station making the call

Over Invitation to reply

Out Indicates the end of working (Never say “Over and Out”.)

Radio Check Tell me the strength and clarity of my transmission

Wait If a station is unable to receive traffic, it will reply “Wait … minutes”

Station Calling Used when a station receives a call but is unsure who is calling

I say again / Say again I am repeating what I have just said / Please repeat what you have just said

All after / All before Used after “say again” to request the repetition of a part of the previous message

Repeat Used if a part of the message is important and needs emphasising

I Spell I shall spell the next word or group. Use the phonetic alphabet

Received Your message has been received and understood (Do not use Roger)

Break I am going to continue to transmit but I am going to speak to another station

Mayday This is a distress call

Silence Mayday Announcement to impose radio silence during a distress situation

Distress fini Announcement made to indicate the distress situation is now resolved

This is an urgency call. Urgent help is needed but there is no imminent danger of loss of life or
Pan-pan
a vessel.

Sécurité This message contains safety information.

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Phonetic Alphabet
A Alpha J Juliet S Sierra

B Bravo K Kilo T Tango

C Charlie L Lima U Uniform

D Delta M Mike V Victor

E Echo N November W Whiskey

F Foxtrot O Oscar X X-ray

G Golf P Papa Y Yankee

H Hotel Q Quebec Z Zulu

I India R Romeo

0 Zero

1 Wun

2 Too

3 Tree

4 Fower

5 Fife

6 Six

7 Seven

8 Ait

9 Niner

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3. Club Safety
Rowers, and other club members, are expected to take responsibility for their own safety and clubs are expected to provide
education and training to help them to be safe. Clubs are also expected to provide a safe environment in which their members can
enjoy their sport.
This chapter of RowSafe contains the following sections:
3.1 Club Risk Assessment 25
3.2 Club Safety Plans and Safety Rules 27
3.3 Club Emergency Response Plan 30
3.4 Club Rowing Safety Adviser Job Description 32
3.5 Training Camps and Rowing on Unfamiliar Waters 34
3.6 Competence in the Water 36
3.7 Capsize and Recovery 38
3.8 Man Overboard 41

3.1. Club Risk Assessment Click here to go to Contents

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24
3.1. Club Risk Assessment
Hazard identification and risk assessment are the basis for planning to maintain and improve safety. These provide clubs with the
ability to understand the ways in which harm can be caused, and to minimise both the probability of that harm occurring and the
severity of harm should it occur. It puts clubs in control of their risks.
The Risk Assessment only adds value when the actions that it identifies as being needed are completed.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Understand, and abide by the rules that the club has
defined as a result of its Risk Assessment.
• Be familiar with the club’s Safety and Emergency
Response Plans.
• Be aware of the hazards associated with each of the
club’s activities that they take part in.
• Be aware of the hazards in other club facilities such as
gym, kitchen or workshop.
• Complete the Safety Basics online learning module.
• Report all incidents using the British Rowing Incident
Reporting System.

Be aware of potential hazards

Club © Richard Palmer
Club Officers are expected to:
• Ensure that their club has completed a Risk Assessment for each of its activities both on and off the water. Factors to be
considered include:
o Location of the club, for example remote or in a built-up area, easy or difficult access.
o Type and extent of boating area (for example, narrow canal, wide river or lake, estuary or the sea) and the effect that
this has on the type of rescue that may be needed.
o Potential hazards such as obstructions, weirs and limited access points. There is more information on flow over weirs
here, and here.
o People, for example number of members, age and rowing experience.
o Hazards in other club facilities such as gym, kitchen and workshop.
o Travel time to the nearest hospitals with an A&E Department or Minor Injuries Unit and type of cover offered.
o Details of the service provided by the local NHS ambulance service (this varies from region to region).
o Availability of other rescue services such as air ambulance and lifeboat.
• Publish the club’s Risk Assessments on their website or make them available to their members and the parents of junior
members in other ways.
• Publish suitable Safety Plan(s) (see RowSafe 3.2) and Emergency Response Plan(s) (see RowSafe 3.3) based on the issues
identified in the Risk Assessments.
• Take action, where necessary, to ensure that nobody is exposed to substantial or intolerable risk.
• Review, and if necessary, update, the Risk Assessments at least once a year.
• Review, and if necessary, update, the Risk Assessments following any significant incident at the club or elsewhere (including
those communicated in Safety Alerts) (see Safety Alert Archive).

3.1. Club Risk Assessment Click here to go to Contents

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25
Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Be conversant with the Risk Assessment for the activity that they are leading.
• Ensure that participants are aware of, and abide by, the club’s rules.
• Understand the risks associated with the activities that they are leading.
• Take action, where necessary, to ensure that nobody is exposed to substantial or intolerable risk.
• Ensure that participants are aware of the hazards that are associated with the activities that they are leading.
• Report all occurrences of disregard for the Safety Rules to the club.
• Complete the Safety Basics online learning module.

Club Rowing Safety Adviser

Club Rowing Safety Advisers are expected to:
• Complete the Advanced Risk Assessment online learning module.
• Lead or facilitate the completion and review of the club’s Risk Assessment.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to clubs in their region on risk assessment.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides online learning materials, examples and templates to assist with risk management and assessment.
• Provides advice and guidance on risk assessment and control.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• Online learning modules:
o Safety Basics - https://www.rowhow.org/course/view.php?id=194
o Advanced Risk Assessment - https://www.rowhow.org/course/view.php?id=201
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• RowSafe 3.2 - Club Safety Plans and Rules
• RowSafe 3.3 - Club Emergency Response Plan
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• Information on flow over weirs - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYI67uZkNvQ
• Safety Alert - Keep clear of weirs, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Safety-Alert-Keep-clear-of-
Weirs-Dec-2019.pdf
• Safety Alert - Rowing in Floods, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Safety-Alert-Rowing-in-Floods-
Nov-2019.pdf

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3.2. Club Safety Plans and Safety Rules
Safety Plans describe how members should act in particular circumstances in order to keep themselves and others safe.
Safety Rules specify the behaviours that the club requires of its members and any behaviours that it would find unacceptable.
Club Emergency Response Plans (see RowSafe 3.3) describe how the club will deal with emergencies and other incidents to
minimise the harm that they would otherwise cause.
Clubs are also expected to consider how they keep their premises safe and use their Risk Assessment to determine the need for
plans covering electricity and gas checks and building maintenance. There is further information on Safety in Club Premises here.
Safety Rules and Safety Plans stem from the Barriers (to reduce the probability) and Controls (to reduce the severity of harm) in Risk
Assessments. In most cases the Safety Rules are derived from the Barriers and the Emergency Response Plans are derived from the
Controls.
This all follows from the definitions. Barriers come into effect before the hazardous event and tend to make it less likely to happen.
Barriers identify things that must, or must not, happen and therefore can translate into rules.
Emergency Response Plans are based on Controls that come into effect after the hazardous event has occurred and tend to limit its
consequences. In some cases these could be written as Safety Rules (e.g. always have a launch alongside inexperienced scullers).
This is just expressing a control as a "must do action".
It is important to distinguish what constitutes advice in a Safety Plan (e.g. wear sunscreen on a sunny day) and when the advice has to
be expressed as a Safety Rule (e.g. wear a lifejacket when coxing).
Safety Plans can also contain items such as:-
• the optional parts of the navigation plan e.g. areas where it is permissible but not obligatory to row fast
• keep hydrated
• wear hi-vis tops
• washing boats after outings
• checking boats before outings
• people in the boathouse when boats are being moved
In some clubs these could be rules and in others they could be guidelines. It all depends on the individual circumstances of the club.
Clubs are advised to restrict themselves to only having the rules that they really need and ensuring compliance with those few rules.
If they have a proliferation of rules then people will not remember them all and one day a rule that is important will be forgotten.
Safety plans could also include the routine maintenance of barriers or controls, such as, for controls:-
• check the contents of the first aid kit every month
• check the lifejackets every six months
• provide capsize training every year
.... and for Barriers:-
• provide safety briefings and reminders to members
• hold periodic discussions with other water users
• information when there are algal blooms

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Take responsibility for their own safety and the safety of others affected by their activities.
• Read, understand and follow the Safety Plans.
• Read, understand and abide by all the Safety Rules.
• Report all occurrences of disregard for the Safety Rules to the club.

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Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Produce and communicate Safety Plans and Safety Rules for all its members and coaches.
• Prominently publish and display the Safety Plan and the Safety Rules (for example, on the website).
• Modify the Safety Rules and the Safety Plan in light of incidents, Risk Assessments, Safety Alerts and developments in good
practice.
• Actively promote a set of shared values and beliefs that make safe practice instinctive.
• Upload their Safety Plan as part of the annual Safety Audit.
• Register for Met Office weather warnings

Safety Plans should include:

• A plan of the local water highlighting hazards, navigation
rules and circulation patterns and emergency access
points (named and where necessary with postcodes or
grid references).
• Instructions to cover any variation to normal procedures
needed to manage risks resulting from tidal currents,
stream, wind, floods or other climatic conditions.
• Instructions for reporting incidents orally, on paper in
the club and online to British Rowing.
• Vital telephone numbers relating to safety such as Club
Officials, First Aiders, key holders, navigation authority,
river or harbour police.
• Where appropriate, VHF radio channels and
information about how to contact the navigation
authority and coastguard.
Identify any potential hazards
© Richard Palmer
Safety Rules should include:

• Rules for club members covering their responsibilities in relation to safe practice.
• When and where crews can train, warm up and cool down on the water.
• The criteria for assessing the risks associated with any local water activity.
• Instructions to coxes and steers to keep a good lookout and comply with the circulation plan and navigation rules at all
times when afloat.
• Instructions to rowers to be conspicuous and wear high-visibility clothing at all times when afloat other than when they are
required to wear club kit during competitions.
• Not wear Dryrobe denims, jeans or heavy cotton clothing at any time when afloat.
• Not wear a hoodie when rowing or sculling as the thumbs tend to catch in the pocket, or when coxing in a bow-loader as
it could become entangled and impede a rapid exit.
• Steers should be encouraged to use head mounted mirrors or similar devices.
• Rules relating to the training of junior members, people new to rowing and adaptive rowers.
• Rules relating to rowing in darkness, particularly for boats without coxes.
• Rules specifying the conditions, if any, under which crews may go afloat unaccompanied.
• Navigation rules based on the local environment, the requirements of the local water authority and agreements with other
water users.
• Rules relating to the use of indoor rowing machines and gym facilities.
• Rules relating to the use of launches, including that drivers must be at least 18 years old unless accompanied by a
responsible adult. See Safety Alert - Children Driving Launches.
• If going to sea, rules on notifying the coastguard and navigation authority, radio channels to be used and monitored.

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Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Educate and train their crews in understanding and following the club’s Safety Plan and Safety Rules and those of other clubs
when training away.
• Lead by example.
• Report all occurrences of disregard for the Safety Rules to the club.
• Ensure that they carry the safety equipment specified by the club at all times when coaching rowers afloat.
• Encourage rowers to report incidents using the Incident Reporting System.

Club Rowing Safety Adviser

Club Rowing Safety Advisers are expected to:
• Advise on the appropriate Safety Rules and Safety Plans and their specification.
• Ensure that the Safety Plans and Safety Rules are communicated to all members.
• Advise on the extent to which members comply with the Safety Rules.
• Advise on the implementation and effectiveness of Safety Plans and Safety Rules.
• Assist with reviews of the Safety Plans and Safety Rules and with keeping the Safety Plans and Safety Rules up to date.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to clubs in their region on Safety Plans and Safety Rules.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• RowSafe 3.3 - Club Emergency Response Plan
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• Joint guidance for rowers and canoeists on shared water - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-
content/uploads/2017/03/Guidance-for-Rowers-and-Canoeists-on-shared-water.pdf?41e6e6
• Safety Alert - Children Driving Launches, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-children-
driving-launches-1.pdf
• Safety Alert - Collision Avoidance, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Safety-Alert-collision-
avoidance.pdf
• Safety Alert - Rowing in Floods, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Safety-Alert-Rowing-in-Floods-
Nov-2019.pdf
• Safety in club premises - https://www.britishrowing.org/knowledge/british-rowing-clubhub/british-rowing-clubhub-
guides/safety-in-club-premises/
• See Safety Alert – Do not wear a Dryrobe when afloat - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Safety-
Alert-Do-not-wear-a-Dryrobe-when-afloat-March-2022.pdf
• Registration for Met Office weather warnings - https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/guide-to-emails
3.2. Club Safety Plans and Safety Rules Click here to go to Contents
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3.3. Club Emergency Response Plan
The Club Emergency Response Plan defines the actions to be taken if such an incident does happen. It will help to reduce the harm
that such an incident could cause.
The Club Safety Plan and Rules (see RowSafe 3.2) describe what members and others should do to make an incident less likely to
happen.
Club Emergency Response Plans stem from the Barriers and Controls in Risk Assessments. In most cases the Emergency Response
Plans are derived from the Controls.
This all follows from the definitions. Controls that come into effect after the hazardous event has occurred and tend to limit its
consequences. Emergency Response Plans tend to be based on Controls.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Understand and, in an emergency, follow the Club Emergency Response Plan.
• Follow the instructions of Club Officers and coaches.
• Report any incident or condition that could give rise to an emergency to a Club Officer or coach.
• Report incidents and near misses to British Rowing.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Use the club’s Risk Assessment to produce or update the Club Emergency Response Plan.
• Brief members and others using the club facilities on the content of the club Emergency Response Plan and make it
available. The plan should include:
o The process for summoning assistance in case of an emergency.
o The location of the club, including postcode and directions for emergency services.
o A plan showing all emergency access points, with post codes, what3words descriptors, or grid references where
possible, to assist emergency services.
o Emergency phone numbers and the location of the nearest landline telephone, if available.
o Where appropriate, VHF radio channels to be used to contact navigation authority and coastguard.
o The location of First Aid kits and, if available, the nearest Automatic External Defibrillator (AED).
o List of qualified First Aiders (with photos where practical).
o Instructions on what to do in event of a fire, how to evacuate the building and the location of Assembly Points.
o Process for suspending or cancelling the club activities in case of an emergency.
• Where relevant, emergency arrangements for people with disabilities.
• Provide adequate First Aid cover including provision for people suffering from mild hypothermia (people with severe
hypothermia should be taken to hospital).
• Provide sufficient, correctly positioned fire extinguishers and fire blankets, emergency lighting and clearly marked fire exits.
• Maintain emergency equipment such as fire extinguishers and fire blankets, check that fire exits are clear and that
emergency lighting and fire doors are in working order.
• Prominently display notices showing key location and contact information in the club.
• Brief members and others using the club facilities on what to do in an emergency and how to use any equipment.
• Establish contact details and any relevant medical or other information for each member in case of emergency. Ensure that
this information is kept confidential and only available to those who need it.
• Upload the Emergency Response Plan as part of the annual safety audit.
• Where appropriate, ensure that someone in each boat knows how to use a VHF radio and the correct channels to use.
• If going to sea, ensure that someone in each boat knows how to describe where the boat is.

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Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Read and understand the Club Emergency Response Plan.
• Ensure that rowers know what to do in an emergency and where to find the notices showing key location and contact
information.
• Ensure that participants know the location of First Aid kits including an AED, if available.
• Where appropriate, ensure that someone in each boat knows how to use a VHF radio and the correct channels to use.
• If going to sea, ensure that someone in each boat knows how to describe where the boat is.
• Report any incidents to the Club Officers and British Rowing.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to clubs in their region on Emergency Response Plans.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• RowSafe 3.2 - Club Safety Plans and Rules
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• Safety Alert - what3words, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Safety-Alert-what3words.pdf

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3.4. Club Rowing Safety Adviser Job Description
It should be noted that Club Rowing Safety Advisers are not responsible for rowing safety but they are expected to provide advice
on Rowing Safety. It is the responsibility of the individuals and their clubs to ensure that people are not harmed by the club’s
activities.

Expectations
Club
Club officers are expected to ensure a positive safety culture and safe practice within the club; they are expected to:
• Appoint a Club Rowing Safety Adviser(s), to lead and advise on promoting safe practice.
• Support the Club Rowing Safety Adviser and take their advice into account.
• Ensure that safety is a regular agenda item at meetings.

Club Rowing Safety Adviser

Club Rowing Safety Advisers are expected to:
• Be familiar with the guidance provided in RowSafe.
• Provide advice to the club committee and club leadership on all matters relating to safety as appropriate.
• Ensure the completion of the annual safety audit for the club.
• Undertake Safety Reviews of the club’s activities and facilities.
• Undertake inspections and audits if requested to do so by the club and provide feedback to the club committee.
• Promote and monitor Incident Reporting within the club and the reporting of all incidents to British Rowing.
• Periodically (perhaps annually) analyse the club’s reported incidents to identify any common issues and trends and initiate
action to address any opportunities for improvement.
• Lead or facilitate Incident Investigations as necessary.
• Have completed the Advanced Risk Assessment Training.
• Lead or facilitate the completion and review of the club’s Risk Assessment.
• Use the Risk Assessment to identify required safety rules.
• Work with the club committee and the leadership of the club to develop and maintain the club Safety Plan, Safety Rules
and Emergency Response Plan.
• Be willing to be a member of the Club Committee.
• Attend local and regional safety meetings.
• Work with the Regional Rowing Safety Adviser.
• Work with other water and land users on safety as required.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to CRSAs in their region.

3.5. Training Camps and Rowing on Unfamiliar Waters Click here to go to Contents
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British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides online training in Risk Assessment.
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• Online learning module:
o Advanced Risk Assessment - https://www.rowhow.org/course/view.php?id=201
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive

3.4. Club Rowing Safety Adviser Job Description Click here to go to Contents
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3.5. Training Camps and Rowing on Unfamiliar Waters
Training camps and rowing on unfamiliar waters introduce additional hazards that must be identified and risks that must be assessed.
A Training Camp Safety Plan should be developed that will reduce risks to acceptable levels.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Read, understand and implement the requirements of the Training Camp Safety Plan.
• Notify coaches, or others who need to know, of any relevant medical condition, medication or other requirements you may
have. They may have to take extra care if you will be at an unfamiliar venue, or away from home.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Establish a Training Camp Organising Committee that includes the Club Rowing Safety Adviser, to plan visits to unfamiliar
venues.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Adopt the Training Camp Safety Plan and ensure it is implemented.

Training Camp Organising Committee

Training Camp Organising Committees are expected to:
• Request safety information from the host club or venue management, this may include the venue’s own Safety Rules and
Navigation Plan. See the Safety Alert - Know the river, especially when visiting new stretches of water.
• Request a generic Risk Assessment from the host club or venue management.
• Use this information to prepare a Training Camp Risk Assessment for the club’s planned activities; this should include travel
to and from the venue.
• Use the Risk Assessment to establish a Safety Plan.
• Review the Training Camp Safety Plan with the host club or other local experts.
• Review the Risk Assessment on arrival, paying particular attention to sources of local information and amend the Training
Camp Safety Plan as necessary.
• Ensure that all coaches and participants fully understand the Safety Plan before participating in the camp.
• Establish contact details and any relevant medical or other information for each participant in case of emergency. Ensure
that this information is available to those who need it at the camp.
• Check that all participants planning to attend or visit the training camp are able to do so safely.
• Understand and implement the British Rowing Safeguarding Children and Young People Policy where juniors (under 18
years old) are involved. Ensure that an appropriate provision is made for safeguarding.
• Ensure that there is an appropriate coach/helper/participant ratio.
• Consider contacting previous users of the location to identify any potential hazards.
• Ensure that drivers towing trailers are aware of the relevant guidance.

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 Check appropriateness of the Safety Plan on arrival at the training camp location for:
o Circulation pattern,
o First Aid provision,
o Rescue launches, and
o Communications.
• Check local weather forecasts and other up-to-date safety information with the host club or local experts at the time of the
visit.
• Check what equipment is available as required such as lifejackets, throw lines and bikes.
• Check that all launch drivers hold an RYA Level 2 Powerboat certificate (or equivalent) and any other qualification required
by the host club or venue management.
• Check if there are any restrictions on time, noise, age and other users.
• Establish a system for reporting incidents to British Rowing.
• Identify the First Aid provision and communicate this to the participants.
• Carry out thorough equipment checks before travelling to the training camp.
• Conduct a post-visit review; communicate any significant lessons learned through the British Rowing Incident Reporting
System.

Club Rowing Safety Adviser

Club Rowing Safety Advisers are expected to:
• Assist with the preparation of a Risk Assessment and Training Camp Safety Plan.
• Investigate any incidents and ensure that they are reported in the British Rowing Incident Reporting System.
• Participate in the post-visit review.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to clubs in their region on training camps and rowing on unfamiliar waters.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• British Rowing Safeguarding Children and Young People Policy - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-
content/uploads/2021/10/British-Rowing-Safeguarding-Children-and-Young-People-Policy-June-2021-2.pdf
• Guidance for the Transportation of Oar Propelled Racing Boats - britishrowing.org/wp-
content/uploads/2015/09/TowingGuidance.pdf
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• See the Safety Alert - Know the River, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Safety-Alert-Know-the-
river.pdf
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive

3.5. Training Camps and Rowing on Unfamiliar Waters Click here to go to Contents
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3.6. Competence in the Water
It is important that rowers who find themselves in the water do not panic and are able to respond so that they can keep themselves
safe. In effect, this means that they should be able to swim or float. Floating, rather than swimming, is recommended by the RNLI,
RLSS and NWSF because it tends to conserve heat and energy when in cold water.
All participants in rowing should be competent and confident in the water. Each club is expected to use its Risk Assessment to
determine the capability that it requires its members to have.
It should be recognised that the ability to swim in a pool does not guarantee the ability to swim in cold, exposed waters. This is
explained further in the online learning module on Cold Water and Hypothermia and the Safety Alert - Cold Water Kills.
Everyone taking part in rowing should be able to:
• Float unaided for at least five minutes
And ideally
• Swim at least 50 metres in light clothing (rowing kit).
• Tread water for at least two minutes.
• Swim under water for at least five metres.
Those rowers who can only float or swim when wearing a buoyancy aid should also wear such an aid, or a lifejacket if coxing,
whenever they are afloat.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Inform the club of their current swimming or floating ability.
• Attend any swimming or floating tests as required by the club.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Record the swimming or floating ability of each member of the club and make this available to all its coaches.
• Promote a higher level of care for junior, beginner and adaptive rowers.
• Have policies in place for those who cannot, or who have not demonstrated or declared, swimming or floating
competence, particularly junior, beginner and adaptive rowers.
• Reconfirm the swimming or floating ability of all members at appropriate intervals.
• Make lifejackets and buoyancy aids available to all rowers and ensure that they are worn by those not able to swim or float.
• Determine whether lifejackets or buoyancy aids should be worn by juniors who have not completed a capsize drill based on
a risk assessment that includes the circumstances and their ability.

The written declarations of adults, and their parents on behalf of juniors, relating to their swimming or floating ability should be
respected but clubs may choose to conduct tests.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Be aware of rowers’ swimming or floating abilities.
• Follow the policies and rules set out by the club for those who cannot, or who have not demonstrated or declared,
swimming or floating competence.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to clubs in their region on swimming or floating competence.

3.6. Competence in the Water Click here to go to Contents

RowSafe is a safety guidance document. Please read our safety message and disclaimer.
36
British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• Online learning module:
o Cold Water & Hypothermia - https://www.rowhow.org/course/view.php?id=165
• RowSafe 3.7 – Capsize and Recovery
• RowSafe 6.1 - People new to rowing
• RowSafe 6.2 - Adaptive rowers
• Safety Alert - Lifejackets, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-February-2015-
Lifejackets.pdf
• Safety Alert - Cold Water Kills, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-Cold-Water-Kills-
1.pdf
• RNLI advice on lifejackets - https://rnli.org/-/media/rnli/downloads/rnli-guide-to-lifejackets-and-buoyancy-aids.pdf?fd=true
• Capsize and Recovery workshop - britishrowing.org/knowledge/courses-qualifications/safety/capsize-and- recovery-2
• British Rowing’s Capsize and Recovery video - youtube.com/watch?v=DcPE8-gENLo
• Man Overboard and Recovery workshop - britishrowing.org/knowledge/courses-qualifications/safety/man-overboard- and-
recovery-2
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Float to Live - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Safety-Alert-Float-to-Live.pdf

3.6. Competence in the water Click here to go to Contents

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3.7. Capsize and Recovery
Capsize and Recovery training is important because it prepares rowers so that they will know what to do in the event of a capsize.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Know what to do in the event of capsize or swamping.
• Understand the need to stay with the boat and use it as a life raft, unless doing so results in greater danger.
• Take precautions before going afloat to reduce the risk of capsize or swamping.
• Understand that the key steps are to:
o Get free from the boat,
o Get out of the water, and
o Get off the water.
• Attend any Capsize and Recovery training offered by the club or complete the Capsize Training for Rowers online learning
module.
• Be aware of the effects of cold water shock and hypothermia, described in the Cold Water and Hypothermia online
module and the Safety Alert - Cold Water Kills.

Know what to do in the event of a capsize

© Richard Palmer

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Ensure that all members know what to do in the event of capsize or swamping.
• Ensure that all members are aware of the effects of cold water shock and hypothermia, described in the Cold Water and
Hypothermia online module and the Safety Alert - Cold Water Kills.
• Promote a higher level of duty of care for junior, beginner and adaptive rowers.
• Have policies in place for those who have not been trained, particularly junior, beginner and adaptive rowers. These could,
for example, require the wearing of lifejackets or buoyancy aids.
• Record Capsize and Recovery training of each member of the club and make these records available to all its coaches.
• Complete the Capsize Training for Coaches and Club Officials online learning module.

3.7. Capsize and Recovery Click here to go to Contents

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 • Organise Capsize and Recovery training in a local swimming pool or another safe setting to practise:

o Getting free from an inverted boat (including releasing the feet from the shoes).
o Getting on top of the boat, making rescue by launch and buddy rescue easier.
o Getting back into the boat for those who feel capable and confident.
o Lying on top of and paddling a boat (straddle and paddle).
o Calling for help.
o Buddy rescue.
o Recovery using a throw line.
o Developing confidence in the boat (balance drills).
o Preparing a boat for use in the Capsize and Recovery training making sure that it has:
• Well-sealed buoyancy compartments or added buoyancy.
• No backstays.
• No protruding bolts or other sharp projections.
• Correctly adjusted heel restraints.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Instruct rowers on causes and avoidance of capsize and swamping.
• Coach rowers to routinely check heel restraints prior to going afloat.
• Complete the Capsize Training for Coaches and Club Officials online learning module.
• Remind rowers of the safe capsize and rescue techniques following capsize or swamping.
• Be aware of a rower’s Capsize and Recovery training.
• Follow the policies set out by the club for those who have not been trained.
• Instruct rowers on the effects of cold water shock and hypothermia described in the Cold Water and Hypothermia online
module and the Safety Alert - Cold Water Kills.

Competition
Competition Organisers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Be prepared and equipped to provide assistance if capsize is identified as a hazard in their risk assessment.

Launch Drivers
Launch Drivers are expected to:
• Be competent and capable of assisting in the recovery of people in the water.
• Be at least 18 years old unless accompanied by a responsible adult, see Safety Alert - Children Driving Launches.

Know how to recover people from the water

© Richard Palmer

3.7. Capsize and Recovery Click here to go to Contents

RowSafe is a safety guidance document. Please read our safety message and disclaimer. 39
Regional Rowing Councils
Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to clubs in their region on capsize and recovery training.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides a Capsize and Recovery workshop for clubs.
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• RowSafe 3.6 - Competence in the water
• RowSafe 8.1 - Cold Water Immersion and Hypothermia
• RowSafe 6.1 - People new to rowing
• Cold Water & Hypothermia online learning module - https://www.rowhow.org/course/view.php?id=165
• British Rowing’s Capsize and Recovery workshop - http://britishrowing.org/knowledge/courses-qualifications/safety/capsize-
and-recovery-2
• Capsize Training for Rowers - https://www.rowhow.org/mod/book/view.php?id=6346
• Capsize Training for Coaches and Club Officials - https://www.rowhow.org/mod/book/view.php?id=6273
• British Rowing’s Capsize and Recovery video - youtube.com/watch?v=DcPE8-gENLo
• Safety Alert - Children Driving Launches, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-children-
driving-launches-1.pdf
• Royal Life Saving Society - rlss.org.uk
• Safety Alert – Stay with the boat:- https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Safety-Alert-Stay-with-the-
boat-October-2021.pdf
• Safety Alert – Heel Restraints - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Safety-Alert-Heel-Restraints.pdf

3.7. Capsize and Recovery Click here to go to Contents

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3.8. Man Overboard
The risk of losing a person overboard can be particularly significant in sea and offshore rowing but can also be relevant where stable
boats are used in other environments. This risk should be identified in risk assessments and the following guidance is intended to help
in these circumstances.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Have completed the online learning module on Cold Water and Hypothermia online module and the Safety Alert - Cold
Water Kills.
• Understand that the key principles are to:
o Get free from danger,
o Get out of the water, and
o Get off the water.
• Shout “Man Overboard” as soon as anyone falls overboard.
• Know that a crew member should then keep pointing at the Man Overboard.
• Know how to recover a conscious, and an unconscious, casualty into the boat.
• Know how to use a throw line.
• Attend any Man Overboard and Recovery training offered by the club.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Ensure that all members know what to do in the event of a man overboard.
• Ensure that adequate training opportunities are available to rowers and coaches.
• Ensure that boats carry the necessary equipment.
• Record Man Overboard and Recovery training of each member of the club and make these records available to all its
coaches.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Know how to call for help using a mobile phone or VHF radio as appropriate.
• Coach crews to get the boat back to the man overboard using the quickest and easiest method.
• Coach crews on how to recover a person from the water, into the boat.
• Get the man overboard off the water by getting back to shore as quickly and safely as possible.
• Coach crews to manoeuvre their boats under control both forwards and backwards.
• Coach rowers in the use of a throw line.
• Be aware of a rower’s Man Overboard and Recovery training.
• Follow the policies set out by the club for those who have not been trained.

Competition
Competition Organisers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Be prepared and equipped to provide assistance if man overboard is identified as a hazard in their risk assessment.

3.8. Man Overboard Click here to go to Contents

RowSafe is a safety guidance document. Please read our safety message and disclaimer. 41
Launch Drivers
Launch Drivers are expected to:
• Be competent and capable of assisting in the recovery of people in the water.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to clubs in their region on man overboard and recovery.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides a Man Overboard and Recovery workshop for clubs.
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• Cold Water and Hypothermia online learning module - https://www.rowhow.org/course/view.php?id=165
• British Rowing’s Man Overboard and Recovery workshop - http://britishrowing.org/knowledge/courses-
qualifications/safety/man-overboard-and-recovery-2
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert - Cold Water Kills, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-Cold-Water-Kills-
1.pdf
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• RowSafe 3.6 – Competence in the water
• RowSafe 8.1 - Cold Water Immersion and Hypothermia
• Royal Life Saving Society - rlss.org.uk

3.8. Man Overboard Click here to go to Contents

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4. Competition Safety
This chapter addresses Safety at Competitions and Non-Competitive Events (such as Tours and Ceremonial row pasts, etc.) where
crews from several clubs come together for a particular purpose.
The term Competition is intended to include these Non-Competitive Events.
Participants and their clubs are expected to take responsibility for their own safety and that of others. Competition Organisers are
expected to provide a safe environment in which participants and others can enjoy their sport.
In the week before your competition consider whether it would be safe or fair to run it. Consider the weather forecast and its
implications on:
• travel to the competition
• trailer towing
• parking of cars, towing vehicles and trailers
• unloading trailers
• moving people and boats on land
• walking in the launch area
• launching
• rowing to the start
• waiting on the water
• racing
• recovery of boats and people onto the land
• loading of boats onto trailers
• travel home

It is dangerous to tow trailers in icy or very windy conditions. The risks during transit to and from a competition are often more
serious than those at the competition. Do not ask people to put themselves at risk.
The presence of ice on the water, or in the launching or recovery areas, and the presence of slippery conditions on land should also
be taken into account. Do not expose people to these risks. Also consider the strength of the stream and the water conditions
generally.
It is neither fair or safe to expect people, especially juniors, to wait on the water for extended periods. If it is too cold for people to
be waiting on the water then consider whether the competition should take place. Sometimes waiting on the water can be the result
of an unplanned incident, this should be taken into account too.
Consider the welfare of officials, coaches, spectators, etc. You have a duty to care for them too.
Do not leave it too late. An early decision to postpone or cancel will be much appreciated. It means that clubs will not need to load
their trailers and gives people time to find something else that they can usefully do on the day of the competition.
Whilst the financial implications of cancelling a competition can be significant it is also worth taking into account the goodwill that an
early decision will deliver. People will remember the negative experiences they have had travelling to competitions that were
cancelled late and be less keen to travel there again. The same applies to competitions that were not cancelled but should have
been.

4. Competition Safety
DISCLAIMER: RowSafe provides general guidance to clubs and their members on safe practice in rowing. It is however the responsibility of each
club to maintain up-to-date risk assessments and define and monitor its own safety practices, guidance and procedures specific to its environment
and activities, which clubs shall ensure are made known to their members and members shall comply with the same.

Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the medical and other similar information and guidance in this manual is accurate and reflective of best
practice at the time of publication, it is the user’s responsibility to ensure that such information and guidance is up-to-date before acting upon it.
British Rowing accepts no responsibility for the content of third party websites accessed through links in this publication. 43
This chapter of RowSafe contains the following sections:
4.1 Competition Risk Assessment 45
4.2 Competition Safety Plans and Safety Rules 47
4.3 Competition Emergency Response Plan 50
4.4 Competition Rowing Safety Adviser Job Description 52
4.5 Competition Navigational Arrangements 54
4.6 Alternative Arrangements Plan 57
4.7 Competition Safety Boat Providers 59
4.8 Adaptive Competitions 61
4.9 Touring 64

Further Information
• Schematic showing a model for the organisation of competitions - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Event-
Organisation- 2016-V1.pdf
• Competition Organisers Manual - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Competition-Organisers-
Manual-Jan-11th-2022.pdf
• RowSafe 2.3 - Radio Procedure

4. Competition Safety Click here to go to Contents

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4.1. Competition Risk Assessment
Hazard identification and risk assessment are the basis for planning to maintain and improve safety. These provide competitions with
the ability to understand the ways in which harm can be caused and to minimise both the probability of that harm occurring and the
severity of harm should it occur. It puts competitions in control of their risks. The Risk Assessment only adds value when the actions
that it identifies as being needed are completed.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Understand, and abide by the rules that the competition has defined as a result of its Risk Assessment.
• Be aware of the hazards associated with each of the competition’s activities that they take part in.

Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Appoint a Competition Rowing Safety Adviser (CoRSA) (see RowSafe 4.4).
• Ensure that their competition has completed a Risk Assessment and that this covers activities under its influence or control,
both on and off the water. The purpose of the risk assessment is to identify any further barriers or controls needed to
ensure the safety of everyone involved. Factors to be considered include:
o Location of the competition, for example remote or in a built-up area, easy or difficult access.
o Type and extent of boating area (e.g. narrow canal, wide river or lake, estuary or the sea) and the effect that this has
on the type of rescue that may be needed.
o Type of race such as large head race or short, contained regatta.
o Potential hazards such as obstructions, weirs, cold or hot weather, and limited access points. There is more information
about flow over weirs here and here.
o The need for a boating schedule that ensures that there are no long periods of exposure to cold or hot weather.
o People, for example number of competitors (age and rowing experience), spectators and supporters.
o Hazards in other competition facilities such as catering.
o Travel time to the nearest hospitals with an A&E Department or Minor Injuries Unit providing the required cover.
o Details of the service provided by the local NHS ambulance service (this varies from region to region).
o Availability of other rescue services such as air ambulance and lifeboat.
• Publish the competition’s Risk Assessments on the website or make them available to participating clubs in other ways.
• Use its Risk Assessment to identify risk controls that depend critically on participants’ behaviour and specify appropriate
(local) rules and the consequences of non-compliance (For example: “Impeding a race by rowing on the course on the way
to the start will result in disqualification”).
• Publish suitable Competition Safety Plans and Safety Rules (see RowSafe 4.2) and an Emergency Response Plan (see
RowSafe 4.3) based on the issues identified in the Risk Assessments.
• Take action, where necessary, to ensure that nobody is exposed to substantial or intolerable risk.
• Take action to ensure the welfare of umpires and other officials.
• Review, and if necessary, update, the Risk Assessments in preparation for each competition.
• Review, and if necessary, update, the Risk Assessments following any significant incident at the competition or elsewhere
(including those communicated in Safety Alerts (see Safety Alert Archive)).

4.1. Competition Risk Assessment Click here to go to Contents

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Competition Rowing Safety Adviser
Competition Rowing Safety Advisers are expected to:
• Complete the Safety Basics online learning module and the Advanced Risk Assessment online learning module.
• Lead or facilitate the completion and review of the competition’s Risk Assessment.

Umpires and Other Officials

Umpires and other officials are expected to:
• Be aware of the content of the Competition Safety Plan(s) and Safety Rules, and Emergency Response Plan(s).
• Support the Organising Committee by ensuring that the competition is conducted safely and in accordance with the
Competition Safety Plan(s) and Safety Rules, and Emergency Response Plan(s).
• Take disciplinary, or other, action specified by the Organising Committee in the event of non-compliance with any Specified
(local) rule.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to competitions in their region on risk assessment.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• Online learning modules:
o Safety Basics - https://www.rowhow.org/course/view.php?id=194
o Advanced Risk Assessment - https://www.rowhow.org/course/view.php?id=201
• RowSafe 4.4 - CoRSA Job Description
• RowSafe 4.2 - Competition Safety Plans and Safety Rules
• RowSafe 4.3 - Competition Emergency Response Plan
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Information on flow over weirs - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYI67uZkNvQ and https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-
content/uploads/2019/12/Safety-Alert-Keep-clear-of-Weirs-Dec-2019.pdf

4.1. Competition Risk Assessment Click here to go to Contents

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4.2. Competition Safety Plans and Safety Rules
The primary purpose of a Competition Safety Plan and Safety Rules is to ensure the safety of participants, officials, other water users
and the public at large. The Competition Safety Plan describes how officials, participants and others should act in order to ensure a
safe competition.
Safety Rules and Safety Plans stem from the Barriers and Controls in Risk Assessments. In most cases the Safety Rules are derived
from the Barriers and the Emergency Response Plans are derived from the Controls.
This all follows from the definitions. Barriers come into effect before the hazardous event and tend to make it less likely to happen.
Barriers identify things that must, or must not, happen and therefore can translate into rules.
Emergency Response Plans are based on Controls that come into effect after the hazardous event has occurred and tend to limit its
consequences. In some cases these could be written as Safety Rules (e.g. coxes must wear lifejackets). This is just expressing a
control as a "must do action".
It is important to distinguish what constitutes advice (e.g. wear sunscreen on a sunny day) and when the advice has to be expressed
as a rule (e.g. obey the instructions of marshals).
Competitions are advised to restrict themselves to only having the rules that they really need and ensuring compliance with those
few rules. The consequences of failure to comply with a Safety Rule (a Local Rule) should be clearly specified. If they have a
proliferation of rules then people will not remember them all and one day a rule that is important will be forgotten.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Take responsibility for their own safety and the safety of others affected by their actions.
• Read, understand and follow the Competition Safety Plan.
• Read, understand and comply with all the instructions to competitors including any local rules.
• Report any incidents to the Competition Organisers and to British Rowing.

Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Use the Competition Risk Assessment to produce or update the Competition Safety Plan and Rules.
• Define an Alternative Arrangements Plan (see RowSafe 4.6) that outlines the criteria that will cause the competition to be
suspended, abandoned or altered if the conditions or circumstances become unacceptable, and the related actions.
• Prominently publish (e.g. on the website) the Competition Safety Plan and Safety Rules, and distribute them to participating
clubs, race officials, umpires, launch drivers, safety boat crews, and other relevant parties.
• Hold briefings for officials, umpires, launch drivers, safety boat crews, participants and other relevant parties.
• Where appropriate discuss the Competition Safety Plan with emergency services, local navigation authorities and other
interested parties allowing time to implement agreed changes.
• Ensure that visiting officials, umpires and marshals are familiar with the venue and have all the required venue-specific
information.
• If the competition is at sea then ensure that any support vessels, other than “coded vessels”, comply with the Intended
Pleasure Vessel Code.
• Work with competing clubs and competitors to "discourage" them from allowing people to row in conditions, etc. that they
cannot handle.
Competition Safety Plans should include:
• A map or diagram showing vehicle and trailer access routes, parking areas, boat rigging areas.
• A plan of the local water and site highlighting hazards, navigation rules, circulation patterns and emergency access points
(named and where necessary with postcodes).
• Circulation patterns to be followed during periods of racing.

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 • Circulation patterns to be followed during practice sessions on, or in the neighbourhood of, the course and times when
crews can practise, warm up and cool down on the water.
• A boating schedule that ensures that there are no periods of delay and exposure during cold or hot weather.
• Safety boat type, numbers and locations.
• Number and location of Marshals, Umpires and Officials.
• Instruction for Marshals (see Safety Alert – Marshals).
• Safety equipment required for the competition.
• Methods of communication between officials, to competition personnel and participants.
• Racking and boat storage arrangements.
• Launching and landing provision.
• Arrangements for adaptive rowers (see RowSafe 4.8).
• Instructions for reporting incidents to the Competition Organisers and to British Rowing.
Competition Safety Rules should specify:
• The venue-specific rules that everyone should abide by in order to keep themselves and others safe.
• The consequences of failing to abide by those rules.
• Local rules should permit the use of head mounted mirrors or similar devices by steers.

Note: Safety Rules should be few and specific. They should relate to behaviours that could have a significant impact on safety. For
example, at some venues, it may be appropriate to have a rule that states that any crew that rows onto the course and impedes a
race shall be disqualified.

Officials
Race officials, umpires, launch drivers, safety boat crews and other personnel are expected to:
• Understand and follow the Competition Safety Plan and Safety Rules.
• Support the competition by enforcing the rules and by taking the specified disciplinary action.
• Inform the Organising Committee of any incidents or safety concerns.

Participating Clubs
Officers of participating clubs are expected to:
• Ensure that the crews that they enter into a competition have sufficient skill and ability to participate in that competition.
• Brief their participants on the Competition Safety Plan and ensure that they understand any local rules.
• Provide a representative to attend any Safety Briefings.
• Brief participants on any further information provided at the Safety Briefings.
• Ensure that their members are aware of, and abide by, the competition’s rules.
• Take action, as appropriate, to ensure that nobody is exposed to substantial or intolerable risk.
• Ensure that participants are aware of the hazards that are associated with the activities that they will undertake.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Read and understand the Competition Safety Plan and Safety Rules to participants.
• Discuss the contents with crews and check that they know what they should do in an emergency.
• Report any incidents to the Competition Organisers and British Rowing.

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Regional Rowing Councils
Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to competitions in their region on safety plans and rules.
• Review safety plans and rules and provide feedback.
• Give, or withhold, permission for the competition to take place.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.
• Provides advice on Competition Planning.
• Provides advice on National Competition Safety Plans.
• Reviews and approves National Competition Safety Plans.
• Provides advice on adaptive rowing.

Further Information
• RowSafe 4.6 - Alternative Arrangements Plan
• Safety Alert - Marshals - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety- Alert-Marshals.pdf
• RowSafe 4.8 - Adaptive Competitions
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• Competition Organisers Manual - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Competition-Organisers-
Manual-Jan-11th-2022.pdf
• British Rowing Adaptive Rowing Safety Guidance for Event Organisers - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-
content/uploads/2017/04/Adaptive-Rowing-Safety-Guidance-For-Event-Organisers-2.pdf?41e6e6
• RowSafe 2.3 - Radio procedure
• Rules of Racing - britishrowing.org/events/entering-events/rules-of-racing
• Intended Pleasure Vessel Code -
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/961320/IPV_Code_-
_01_January_2019.pdf

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4.3. Competition Emergency Response Plan
The Competition Emergency Response Plan defines the actions to be taken if such an incident does happen. It will help to reduce
the harm that such an incident could cause.
The Competition Safety Plan and Safety Rules (see RowSafe 4.2) describes what should be done to make an incident less likely to
happen.
Competition Emergency Response Plans stem from the Barriers (to reduce the probability) and Controls (to reduce the severity of
harm) in Risk Assessments. In most cases the Emergency Response Plans are derived from the Controls.
This all follows from the definitions. Controls that come into effect after the hazardous event has occurred and tend to limit its
consequences. Emergency Response Plans tend to be based on Controls.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Understand and, in an emergency, follow the Competition Emergency Response Plan.
• Follow the instructions of organisers and officials.
• Report any incident or condition that could give rise to an emergency to the Competition Organisers.
• Report incidents and near misses to British Rowing.

Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Use the competition’s Risk Assessment to produce or update the Competition Emergency Response Plan. The appropriate
level of cover may require the appointment of a Medical Officer or the provision of an ambulance or paramedics.
• Provide information about the Competition Emergency Response Plan to all involved in the competition and make it
available. The plan should include:
o Process for summoning assistance in an emergency.
o Location of the competition, including postcode and other relevant location information, and directions for emergency
services.
o Plan of the competition showing all emergency access points, with postcodes, what3words descriptors, or grid
references where possible to assist emergency services.
o Emergency phone numbers and the location of the nearest landline telephone if available.
o Number and location of First Aid Points and, if available, the nearest Automatic External Defibrillator (AED).
o How injured persons will be transported to the First Aid Point or ambulance.
o Number and type of safety boats.
o Number and location of marshals and instructions to marshals in an emergency (see Safety Alert - Marshals).
o Instructions on what to do in event of a fire, how to evacuate the building and the location of Assembly Points.
o Where relevant, emergency arrangements for adaptive rowers.
• Provide adequate First Aid cover including provision for people suffering from mild hypothermia (people with severe
hypothermia should be taken to hospital).
• Provide a process and an effective means of communication, such as radios, to summon support in an emergency and
ensure that officials, launch drivers, first aiders and other personnel know what to do and how to use any equipment. (see
RowSafe 2.3 – Radio Procedure).
• Provide sufficient, correctly positioned fire extinguishers and fire blankets, emergency lighting and clearly marked fire exits.
• Maintain emergency equipment such as fire extinguishers and fire blankets, check that fire exits are clearly marked and that
emergency lighting and fire doors are in working order.
• Notify the local ambulance control of the date, time and location of the competition, an estimate of the number of people
likely to be present and make arrangements with the ambulance service for an emergency response.
• Offer to provide the emergency services with the Competition Safety Plan and Competition Emergency Response Plan.

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Participating Clubs
Officers of participating clubs are expected to:
• Brief their members on the Competition Emergency Response Plan.
• Provide a representative to attend any Safety Briefings.
• Brief participants on any further information provided at the Safety Briefing.
• Ensure that their members are aware of, and abide by, the competition’s rules.
• Establish contact details and any relevant medical or other information for each participant in case of emergency. Ensure
that this information is kept confidential and only available to those who need it at the competition.
• Ensure that they have an official at the competition with their crews and that this official’s contact details (e.g. mobile phone
number) are known to the Competition Organisers.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Read and understand the Competition Emergency Response Plan.
• Discuss the contents with crews and check that they know what they should do in an emergency.
• Ensure that participants know the location of First Aid Points including an AED, if available.
• Report any incidents to the Competition Organisers and British Rowing.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to competitions in their region on emergency response plans.
• Review emergency response plans and provide feedback.
• Give, or withhold, permission for the competition to take place.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• RowSafe 4.2 - Competition Safety Plans and Safety Rules
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - Marshals - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert- Marshals.pdf
• Competition Organisers Manual - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Competition-Organisers-
Manual-Jan-11th-2022.pdf
• RowSafe 2.3 - Radio Procedure
• Safety Alert - what3words, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Safety-Alert-what3words.pdf

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4.4. Competition Rowing Safety Adviser Job Description
It should be noted that Competition Rowing Safety Advisers (CoRSAs) are not responsible for rowing safety but they are expected
to provide advice on Rowing Safety. It is the responsibility of the individuals, their clubs and the Competition Organisers to ensure
that people are not harmed by the activities at the competition.

Expectations
Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to promote safe practice within the competition; they are expected
to:
• Appoint a Competition Rowing Safety Adviser(s), to lead and advise on promoting safe practice.
• Support the Competition Rowing Safety Adviser and take their advice into account.
• Ensure that safety is a regular agenda item at meetings.

Competition Rowing Safety Advisers

Competition Rowing Safety Advisers are expected to:
• Be familiar with the guidance provided in RowSafe and the safety requirements of the Rules of Racing.
• Provide advice to the Competition Organisers on all matters relating to safety as appropriate.
• Undertake Safety Reviews of the competition’s activities and facilities.
• Undertake inspections and audits if requested to do so by the Competition Organisers and provide feedback.
• Promote and monitor Incident Reporting at the competition and the reporting of all incidents to British Rowing.
• Lead or facilitate incident investigations as necessary.
• Have completed the Advanced Risk Assessment Training.
• Lead or facilitate the completion and review of the competition’s Risk Assessment.
• Use the Risk Assessment to identify required safety rules.
• Work with the Competition Organisers to develop and maintain the competition Safety Plan, Safety Rules, Emergency
Response Plan and Alternative Arrangements Plan.
• Be willing to be a member of the Organising Committee.
• Attend local and regional safety meetings.
• Work with the Regional Rowing Safety Adviser.
• Work with other water and land users on safety as required.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to CoRSAs in their region.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

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Further Information
• British Rowing Rules of Racing - britishrowing.org/events/entering-events/rules-of-racing
• Online learning module:
o Advanced Risk Assessment - https://www.rowhow.org/course/view.php?id=201
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive

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4.5. Competition Navigational Arrangements
It is important that participants in competitions are aware of the navigational arrangements and the consequences of non-compliance
with the navigational rules.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Understand and follow the navigational arrangements for the Competition (including arrangements in the competition of an
emergency).
• Understand the consequences of non-compliance with navigational rules.
• Report any incidents to the Competition Organisers and to British Rowing.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Brief participants on the navigational arrangements (including arrangements in the event of an emergency) and ensure that
they understand what they should do.
• Ensure that crews understand the consequences of non-compliance with navigational rules.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Communicate the navigational arrangements for a competition to participants (including arrangements in the event of an
emergency).
• Ensure that crews understand the consequences of non-compliance with navigational rules.
• Discuss these with the crews and check that they know what they should do.
• Coach rowers and coxes to keep warm when waiting for head races to start (See Safety Alert – Not Getting Cold at
Heads).

Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Use the Competition Risk Assessment to identify any hazards that affect the navigational arrangements for the competition.
• Prominently publish (such as on the website) the navigational arrangements and distribute to participating clubs, officials,
umpires, launch drivers, safety boat crews, and other relevant parties. These should include any Alternative Arrangements
Plan (see RowSafe 4.6).
• Include information about the navigational arrangements in briefings for officials, umpires, launch drivers, safety boat crews,
participants and other relevant parties.
• Define and communicate navigational arrangements to be used in the competition of an emergency.
• Enforce the navigational rules and define sanctions to be applied for non-compliance.
• In head races during cold weather ensure that boats launch in the same order as they start so that nobody has to wait for a
protracted time. Endeavour to ensure that waiting areas prior to the start are beyond, rather than alongside, the course so
that rowers have an opportunity to keep moving and thereby keep warm (See Safety Alert – Not Getting Cold at Heads).

Launch drivers, safety boat crews and other personnel are expected to:
• Understand and follow the navigational arrangements (including arrangements in the event of an emergency).
• Inform the Organising Committee, umpires, marshals or race officials of any non-compliance with navigational rules.
• Inform the Organising Committee of any incidents or safety concerns.

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Umpires, marshals and race officials are expected to:
• Understand and follow the navigational arrangements (including arrangements in the event of an emergency).
• Inform the Organising Committee, umpires or officials of any non-compliance with navigational rules.
• Inform the Organising Committee of any incidents or safety concerns.
• Enforce the navigational rules and, if necessary, in the event of non-compliance apply the defined sanctions.
Information about the navigational arrangements for a competition should include:
• A map showing:
o Boat launch and recovery areas
o Hazards
o Route to start
o The course
o Route from finish to boat recovery area
o Where it is safe to warm up and cool down on the water
o Where it is safe to practise starts, etc.
o Circulation patterns to be followed during periods of racing
o Circulation patterns to be followed during practice sessions
• Local navigation rules.
• Arrangements in event of an emergency (see RowSafe 4.3).
• Consequences of non-compliance with navigational rules.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to competitions in their region on the navigational arrangements.
• Review navigational arrangements and provide feedback.
• Give, or withhold, permission for the competition to take place.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.
• Provides training on Risk Assessment.
• Provides advice on Competition Planning.

Further Information
• RowSafe 4.6 - Alternative Arrangements Plan
• RowSafe 4.3 - Competition Emergency Response Plan
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• Safety Alert - Marshals - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety- Alert-Marshals.pdf
• Safety Alert – Not Getting Cold at Heads - www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Safety-Alert-Not-getting-
cold-at-heads.pdf

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4.6. Alternative Arrangements Plan
Sometimes the conditions at a competition are such that it cannot safely continue as planned. It may then be appropriate to abandon
or suspend the competition or make other alternative arrangements.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Respond as instructed if conditions dictate that a competition has to be abandoned, suspended or altered.
• Consider the conditions at the competition and decide whether they are able to take part safely and withdraw from the
competition if they conclude that they cannot.

Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Register for Met Office weather warnings
• Define an Alternative Arrangements Plan that outlines:
o The criteria that will cause the competition to be abandoned, suspended, or altered. These criteria should be objective
rather than subjective and include specifications for wind speed, wave height and steepness, temperature (high and
low), etc. The conditions should reflect the "exposure" of the venue and the capacity of the competitors.
o How a decision to abandon, suspend or alter the competition will be taken.
o Who will take that decision.
o How the decision will be communicated to participants and officials.
o The action that should be taken as a consequence of the competition being abandoned or suspended.
o The criteria that must be satisfied to enable a suspended competition to be restarted.
• Ensure that they have the contact details, such as mobile phone number, of an official from each club present.
• Alter a competition, where circumstances permit, so that it can be completed safely. The following alterations should be
considered:
o Restricting the competition to specified boat types.
o Restricting the competition to specified participants.
o Changing the direction or length of the course.
o Moving to an alternative course.

Participating Clubs
Officers of participating clubs are expected to:
• Ensure that they have an official at the competition with their crews and that this official’s contact details, such as mobile
phone number, are known to the Competition Organisers.
• Ensure that all their competitors are able to complete the course safely and are properly equipped (e.g., appropriate kit,
carry water, etc.,)..

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Assist crews in responding to instructions.
• Work with their crews to decide whether they should withdraw from a competition if the conditions deteriorate.

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Regional Rowing Councils
Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to competitions in their region on alternative arrangements plans.
• Review Alternative Arrangements Plans and provide feedback.
• Give, or withhold, permission for the competition to take place.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• RowSafe 4.2 - Competition Safety Plans and Safety Rules
• Met Office Weather Warnings - https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/guide-to-emails

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4.7. Competition Safety Boat Providers
Some competitions use external providers to supply safety cover on the water. Even though the people involved may be suitably
qualified, it should not be assumed that they know enough about rowing and rowing boats to be able to operate effectively and
safely in this role. Further instruction may be required.

Expectations
Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Ensure that Safety Boat Drivers:
o Hold at least a RYA Level 2 Powerboat Certificate or equivalent.
o Are at least 18 years old unless accompanied by a responsible adult, see Safety Alert - Children Driving Launches.
o Understand how to provide assistance to rowing boats, provide additional briefings if necessary.
o Understand the load capacity of the boat.
o Keep wash to a minimum, except in an emergency.
• Provide drivers with the Competition Risk Assessment, Safety Plan and Alternative Arrangements Plan.
• Define and communicate to all participants and personnel what is required of Safety Boat Drivers:
o Areas to be patrolled.
o How to summon assistance, including medical attention.
o Where to take casualties.
• Ensure that safety boats are in good working order.
• Ensure that safety boats carry an effective means of communication and that someone in the safety boat knows how to use
it and what channels to use.

Safety Boat Providers

Safety Boat Providers are expected to:
• Ensure that Safety Boat Drivers:
o Hold at least a RYA Level 2 Powerboat Certificate or equivalent.
o Understand the launch driving guidance (see RowSafe 5.2).
o Understand the load capacity of the boat.
o Keep wash to a minimum, except in an emergency.
• Communicate the Competition Safety Plan to Safety Boat Drivers and crew.
• Provide a crew member to assist the Safety Boat Driver.
• Ensure that safety boats are correctly equipped with launch safety kits (see RowSafe 7.4.1).
• Agree the extent of the safety cover required and the safety procedures with Competition Organisers.
• Maintain safety boats in good working order.
• Where appropriate, ensure that someone in the safety boat knows how to use a radio and what channels to use.

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Safety Boat Drivers
Safety Boat Drivers are expected to:
• Hold the appropriate qualifications and be competent to provide safety cover for the type of competition.
• Understand how to provide assistance to rowing boats.
• Understand what is required of Safety Boat Drivers at the competition:
o Areas to be patrolled.
o How to summon assistance, including medical attention.
o Where to take casualties.
o The need to keep wash to a minimum, except in an emergency.
• Follow the launch driving guidelines (see RowSafe 5.2).
• Helm the boat and use the crew to effect a rescue unless assistance is required.
• Know the load capacity of the boat and not exceed it.
• Check that the boat is correctly equipped (see RowSafe 7.4.1).

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide advice to clubs and competitions on Safety Boat Providers.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• RowSafe 5.2 - Launch Driving
• RowSafe 7.4.1 - Launch Safety Kits
• Safety Alert - Children Driving Launches, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-children-
driving-launches-1.pdf
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• RowSafe 2.3 - Radio Procedure
• Competition Organisers Manual - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Competition-Organisers-
Manual-Jan-11th-2022.pdf

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4.8. Adaptive Competitions
There may be additional hazards and risks associated with adaptive rowers depending on the extent of their disability.
Safety Plans and Rules should include any additional actions required to keep adaptive rowers safe.
Adaptive rowers may need extra guidance, support and supervision to keep themselves and others safe. The competition may also
need to provide additional facilities or equipment.
Competitions need only to review risk and take action for the adaptive rowers who participate in the competition, not for all types
of disabilities.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Take responsibility for themselves and others and understand how their actions could affect the safety of adaptive rowers.
• Understand what actions are required to keep adaptive rowers and themselves safe.
• Report any incidents or concerns about the safety of adaptive rowers.

Adaptive rowers
Adaptive rowers are expected to:
• Provide the competition with information about their disability that may affect their own safety and the safety of others.
• Complete British Rowing’s ‘Pre-Activity Health Questionnaire’ for Adaptive Rowing and make this information available to
the competition organisers.
• Operate within their capabilities.
• Ask a competition official about any aspects of safety they are concerned or unsure about.
• Understand the British Rowing Adaptive Rowing Safety Guidance for Event Organisers.

Provide the Competition Organisers with information on your disability

© Richard Palmer

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Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Ensure that the Competition Risk Assessment includes risk for adaptive rowers who participate in the competition.
• Define any additional Safety Rules required to keep adaptive rowers safe.
• Provide any additional safety equipment or facilities required to keep adaptive rowers safe.
• Establish and practise procedures for managing incidents, including capsize, involving adaptive rowers.
• Ensure that sufficient and appropriate safety cover is available for adaptive rowers.
• Ensure that umpires, officials, boat drivers and other competition personnel are aware of any specific issues and know what
to do in an emergency.
• Ensure that access arrangements for adaptive rowers participating in the competition are suitable and safe.
• Ensure that adequate medical support is provided for adaptive rowers.
• Ensure that coaches can maintain effective communication for adaptive rowers with a sensory impairment (visual, hearing
impaired) who may require additional support using radio and/or signage as appropriate.
• Ensure that all safety boats have at least two crew. All crew members should wear a buoyancy aid or lifejacket and one
should be prepared to enter the water to effect a rescue.
• Ensure that all safety boats are on the water before adaptive rowers go afloat and ready for immediate use during rowing
activities. Rigid inflatables with low freeboard, or drop-nose safety boats are preferred.
• Understand the British Rowing Adaptive Rowing Safety Guidance for Event Organisers.

For adaptive rowers, Competition Safety Plans should include:

• Procedures for launching and recovering boats with adaptive rowers.
• Access arrangements for adaptive rowers.
For adaptive rowers, Competition Safety Rules should include:
• Criteria for assessing risks associated with adaptive rowers.
• Actions to be taken in an emergency involving adaptive rowers, including capsize.

Officials
Race officials, umpires, launch drivers, safety boat crews and other personnel are expected to:
• Understand the British Rowing Adaptive Rowing Safety Guidance for Event Organisers.
• Inform the Organising Committee of any incidents or safety concerns relating to adaptive rowers.
• Understand any additional Safety Rules relating to adaptive rowers.
• Be familiar with any additional safety equipment or facilities provided to keep adaptive rowers safe.
• Be familiar with procedures for managing incidents, including capsize, involving adaptive rowers.
• Be aware of any specific issues relating to adaptive rowers participating in the competition and know what to do in an
emergency.

Participating Clubs
Officers of Participating Clubs are expected to:
• Check that the Competition Safety Plan and Rules accommodate the needs of the club’s adaptive rowers participating in
the competition.
• Ensure that rowers with a lower leg prosthesis are able to release themselves from the prosthesis (or the prosthesis from
the boat) in the event of an emergency.
• Brief adaptive rowers on the Competition Safety Plan and ensure that they understand how it relates to them.
• Check that equipment is both appropriate and safe when adaptations are made.

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Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Provide feedback to the competition organisers to help ensure that the Competition Safety Plan and Rules and Emergency
Response Plan are appropriate for their participant.
• Discuss the contents of the Competition Safety Plan and Rules with adaptive rowers and check that they know what they
should do in an emergency.
• Where appropriate maintain effective communication with rowers with a sensory impairment (visual, hearing impaired) who
may require additional support using radio and/or signage as appropriate
• Understand the British Rowing Adaptive Rowing Safety Guidance for Event Organisers.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to competitions in their region on adaptive competitions.
• Review the arrangements for adaptive competitions and provide feedback.
• Give, or withhold, permission for the competitions to take place.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.
• Provides advice on adaptive rowers.

Further Information
• Adaptive Rowing Safety Guidance for Competition Organisers - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-
content/uploads/2017/04/Adaptive-Rowing-Safety-Guidance-For-Event-Organisers-2.pdf
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• Go Rowing - Adaptive Rowing - britishrowing.org/go-rowing/learn-to-row/adaptive-rowing
• Getting started - Adaptive Rowing - britishrowing.org/go-rowing/learn-to-row/adaptive-rowing/getting-started
• Adaptive Rowing Classification - britishrowing.org/go-rowing/learn-to-row/adaptive-rowing/classification
• Clubs - Introducing Adaptive Rowing - britishrowing.org/club-support/developing-your-club/growing- your-club/introducing-
adaptive-rowing
• Safety Alert on Adaptive Rowing Straps - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-February-2015-
Adaptive-Rowing-Straps.pdf
• RowSafe 6.2 - Adaptive rowers
• Pre-Activity Health Questionnaire for Adaptive Rowing - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-
content/uploads/2017/04/British-Rowing-Pre-Activity-Health-Questionnaire-complete.doc

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4.9. Touring
Many rowers just row for the delight of the experience of moving a boat efficiently over water. Some take this further and prefer to
explore more distant waters and travel to less familiar places.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Ensure that they have the competence and are physically able to meet the stamina and fitness demands of the planned tour.
• Wear and carry clothes suitable for the weather conditions likely to be encountered during the tour.
• Not wear Dryrobes, denims, jeans or heavy cotton clothing at any time when afloat.
• Not wear a hoodie when rowing or sculling as the thumbs tend to catch in the pocket, or when coxing in a bow-loader as
it could become entangled and impede a rapid exit.
• Know when a lifejacket or buoyancy aid should be carried and worn and be familiar with fitting it.
• Bring boats suitable for the conditions and in accordance with organiser’s directions
• Bring and carry safety equipment as specified in the Safety Plan e.g. paddles, boat hook, ropes, bailers, lifejackets/buoyancy
aids.
• Check the boat and other equipment at the start of each day and ensure that it is in good condition.
• Take care of their own safety and that of their fellow rowers.
• Understand the Tour Safety Plan and Emergency Response Plan.
• Understand the route and any navigation hazards.
• Attend briefings as required. When acting as a “Boat Captain”, cascade briefings to the crew.

Tour Organiser
Tour Organisers and Organising Committees are expected to:-
• Undertake a risk assessment prior to the tour and implement necessary controls.
• Appoint “Boat Captains” as focal points for route and safety briefings in tours where there is more than one boat.
• Ensure all participants are fully briefed on the route, likely conditions to be encountered, the clothing and equipment to
carry and the Emergency Response Plan.
• Ensure the boats and equipment brought by participants are safe and suitable for the conditions likely to be encountered.
• If providing boats and equipment for participants, ensure that they are suitable and maintained in good order.
• Produce a risk assessment (see RowSafe 4.1) for the tour and ensure that all the Barriers (to reduce the probability) and
Controls (to reduce the severity of harm) are in place.
• Ensure that appropriate safety equipment, as specified in the Safety Plan, is carried. This may include a First Aid kit, a tool kit,
lifejackets for each member of the tour, a means of communication (mobile phone or radio), lights and any other
equipment identified in the risk assessment.
• Know how to transit through locks safely, if appropriate, and be able to explain this to the members of the tour.
• Ensure that there is sufficient food and water for the participants.
• Plan the route and be aware of any hazards and all road access points.
• Have an Emergency Response Plan (see RowSafe 4.3) and a Safety Plan (see RowSafe 4.2) based on the risk assessment.
• Ensure that the boats used are suitable for the tour.
• Ensure that the participants understand the plan for the tour.

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Regional Rowing Councils
Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to Tour Organisers in their region on organising tours.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• RowSafe 4.1 - Competition Risk Assessment
• RowSafe 4.2 - Competition Safety Plans and Safety Rules
• RowSafe 4.3 - Competition Emergency Response Plan
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• Touring Rowing - britishrowing.org/go-rowing/types-of-rowing/touring-rowing
• See Safety Alert – Do not wear a Dryrobe when afloat - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Safety-
Alert-Do-not-wear-a-Dryrobe-when-afloat-March-2022.pdf

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5. Competence
Competence is task specific. People are competent to perform a task if, by virtue of their experience, education and training, they
can perform the task to the required standard.
Safety comes from people knowing what they are doing and being careful not to do what they do not know how to do. It is an
attitude of mind.
People’s competence tends to expand with learning, experience and practice. It is the ability to manage this process that leads to safe
behaviour. On the contrary, confidence without competence can lead to unsafe or at-risk behaviour.
This chapter of RowSafe contains the following sections:
5.1 Steering and Navigation 67
5.2 Launch Driving 71

5. Competence
DISCLAIMER: RowSafe provides general guidance to clubs and their members on safe practice in rowing. It is however the responsibility of each
club to maintain up-to-date risk assessments and define and monitor its own safety practices, guidance and procedures specific to its environment
and activities, which clubs shall ensure are made known to their members and members shall comply with the same.

Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the medical and other similar information and guidance in this manual is accurate and reflective of best
practice at the time of publication, it is the user’s responsibility to ensure that such information and guidance is up-to-date before acting upon it.
British Rowing accepts no responsibility for the content of third party websites accessed through links in this publication. 65
5.1. Steering and Navigation
Most rowing accidents result from steering and navigation errors and these often result from lack of competence and lack of
attention. Competence issues can be addressed by good coaching.

Expectations
Coxes and Steers
Coxes and steers (including scullers) are expected to:
• Keep a good lookout at all times when afloat. Coxes
who cannot see directly ahead should enlist the help
of members of their crew. Steers should consider
using a head mounted mirror or similar device.
• Check the steering equipment before the outing as
part of the boat checking procedure.
• Report any defects in steering equipment to the
club responsible and quarantine the boat.
• Follow correct steering procedures and navigation
rules.
• Communicate effectively with their crew.
• Pay attention and be aware of their position at all
times in relation to circulation patterns, hazards and
other water users.
• Inform the club of any change in the location or type
of hazard encountered.
• Know how to stop the boat quickly and safely in an
emergency as demonstrated here and practise this
skill with their crews.
• Be aware of the Port of London Authority (PLA)
guidance on Rowing on the Tideway, and the
Thames Regional Rowing Council (TRRC)
requirements for Steering on the Thames, if steering
on the Tideway.
• Ensure that any voice projection equipment and
deadweight is fixed to the boat, not to the cox.
• Wear a lifejacket, as a cox, at all times when afloat
but not use an auto inflation lifejacket in a bow
loaded boat.
• Recognise and respect the rights and needs of other
water users, especially anglers.
• Be aware of the effects of flow round bends in rivers
and being swept into danger.
• Watch out for swimmers at all times and be alert to
unexpected floating objects. See Safety Alert - Look
out for swimmers. Follow correct navigation rules
© Richard Palmer
• Where there are motorised vessels, understand the
sound signals, day shapes, navigation marks and,
where appropriate, lights displayed by other vessels.
• Where a radio is carried, ensure that someone in the launch is competent to use it and knows which channels to use.
• Know how to describe the location of the boat to coastguard, RNLI or navigation authority.
• Report any transgression of navigation rules that they have observed to the club and to British Rowing.

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Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Define a Navigation Plan, in consultation with other
water users and the local navigation authority, as
appropriate, this plan should show:
o The navigation pattern.
o All permanent hazards.
o Sites of any potential temporary hazards – if
appropriate.
o Locations of emergency life belt sites and safety
aids.
o Sites of public telephones.
o Easy access points for emergency vehicles
where it is easy to get out of the water.
o Sites where it is difficult, or impossible, to get Define a navigation plan
out of the water. © Richard Palmer

• Display this plan prominently and ensure that all coxes

and steerspersons are aware of it.
• Ensure that those who steer boats are familiar with the information on the local Navigation Plan.
• Check that people responsible for steering boats are in good health with adequate vision and hearing.
• Encourage people responsible for steering boats to abide by the Navigation Plan by providing positive consequences for
those who do and negative consequences for those who do not.
• Ensure steering equipment is suitably maintained.
• Ensure that where there are motorised vessels, someone on the boat understands the sound signals, day shapes and
navigation marks, where appropriate, lights displayed by other vessels.
• Where a radio is carried, ensure that someone in the launch is competent to use it and knows which channels to use.
• Ensure that someone on the boat knows how to describe the location of the boat to the coastguard, RNLI or navigation
authority.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Provide information and training to crews on navigation, hazards and steering rules at all venues visited.
• Check that crews (and particularly those steering) know the location of all hazards and how to avoid them.
• Set a good example to crews when coaching.
• Inform the club of any change in the location or type of hazard encountered.
• Coach crews to stop the boat quickly and safely in an emergency as demonstrated here.
• Be aware of the Port of London Authority (PLA) guidance on Rowing on the Tideway, and the Thames Regional Rowing
Council (TRRC) requirements for Steering on the Thames, if coaching on the Tideway.
• Wear a lifejacket at all times when afloat.
• Report any transgression of navigation rules that they have observed to the club and to British Rowing.
• Ensure that where there are motorised vessels, someone on the boat understands the sound signals, day shapes and, where
appropriate, lights displayed by other vessels.
• Where a radio is carried, ensure that someone in the launch is competent to use it and knows which channels to use.
• Ensure that someone on the boat knows how to describe the location of the boat to the coastguard, RNLI or navigation
authority.

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Launch Drivers
Launch drivers (and Coaches when driving launches) are expected to:
• Be at least 18 years old unless accompanied by a responsible adult. See Safety Alert - Children Driving Launches.
• Check the steering equipment before the outing as part of the boat checking procedure.
• Report any defects in steering equipment to the club responsible and quarantine the boat.
• Keep a good lookout in all directions at all times when afloat.
• Follow correct steering procedures and navigation rules.
• Pay attention and be aware of their position at all times in relation to circulation patterns, hazards and other water users.
• Inform the club of any change in the location or type of hazard encountered.
• Be aware of the Port of London Authority (PLA) guidance on Rowing on the Tideway, and the Thames Regional Rowing
Council (TRRC) requirements for Steering on the Thames, and comply with the PLA requirements for Launch Drivers if
driving on the Tideway.
• Report any transgression of navigation rules that they have observed to the club and to British Rowing.
• Be conversant with safety and rescue procedures in the case of accident.
• Wear a lifejacket at all times when afloat.
• Where there are motorised vessels, understand the sound signals, day shapes and navigation marks, and where appropriate,
lights displayed by other vessels.
• Where a radio is carried, ensure that someone in the launch is competent to use it and knows which channels to use. Know
how to describe the location of the boat to the coastguard, RNLI or navigation authority.

Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Provide participating clubs with clear information, including an annotated plan, showing the navigation rules for the
competition. This should include warm-up and cool-down areas (see RowSafe 4.5).
• Encourage people responsible for steering boats to abide by the Navigation Plan by providing negative consequences for
those who do not.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to clubs and competitions in their region on steering and navigation.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides training on coxing and steering.
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

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Further Information
• RowSafe 4.5 – Competition Navigational Arrangements
• Collision Avoidance video - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/collision-avoidance
• Safety Alert - Children Driving Launches, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-children-
driving-launches-1.pdf
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• RNLI advice on lifejackets - https://rnli.org/-/media/rnli/downloads/rnli-guide-to-lifejackets-and-buoyancy-aids.pdf?fd=true
• Safety Alert - Look out for swimmers, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-look-out-for-
swimmers.pdf
• Joint guidance for rowers and canoeist on shared water - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-
content/uploads/2017/03/Guidance-for-Rowers-and-Canoeists-on-shared-water.pdf
• Safety Alert - Flow round bends in rivers, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Safety-Alert-Flow-
around-bends-in-rivers.pdf
• Safety Alert - don’t be swept into danger, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Safety-Alert-dont-be-
swept-into-danger.pdf

Other
• Rowing on the Tideway - https://boatingonthethames.co.uk/rowing-boating-on-the-thames-port-of-london-authority/
• Steering on the Thames Certification - https://www.thames-rrc.co.uk/steers-certification
• Poster - Keep a good lookout - pla.co.uk/Safety/The-LOOKOUT-Campaign
• Emergency Stop video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3RBfI-O_AUo&feature=youtu.be
• Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (COLREGs)
imo.org/en/About/Conventions/ListOfConventions/Pages/COLREG.aspx,
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Regulations_for_Preventing_Collisions_at_Sea and mar.ist.utl.pt/mventura/Projecto-
Navios- I/IMO-Conventions%20(copies)/COLREG-1972.pdf
• Day Shapes - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z08n-yxl5_s
• Sound signals - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkFhf9Cz68c
• Navigation Marks - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYydED6cXtI&index=3&list=PLomvEgt6UAfE45F1qiSpr0_hxXIo-
kbnf
• Lights on vessels - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-mgZHN7FKA

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5.2. Launch Driving
Risk assessment should be used to determine whether launches are Appropriate launches should be
required, in each specific circumstance, for safety purposes. For equipped to perform a rescue
example, a risk assessment at a club may determine that a safety © Richard Palmer

launch is not required to accompany the club senior eights but is

required to accompany groups of junior scullers. Similarly,
Competition Risk Assessments should be used to determine the
requirement for safety launches, umpire’s launches and other uses.
Launches may also be used primarily for coaching but risk
assessment may determine that even those that are used for
coaching should be equipped so that they can perform a rescue.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Only drive a launch if they are competent, qualified and
permitted by the club to do so.
• Report any incidents or poor practice with the club’s
launches to the club and to British Rowing.
• Wear a lifejacket whenever they are afloat in a launch.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Identify those members and others who are permitted to use the club’s launches.
• Maintain a register of people permitted to drive its launches.
• Ensure that everyone who is permitted to drive launches is competent and suitably qualified to do so. The level of
qualification required will usually be determined by the Risk Assessment but, in most cases, RYA Level 2 Powerboat should
be sufficient.
• Where a radio is carried, ensure that someone in the launch is competent to use it and knows which channels to use.
• Provide sufficient lifejackets for everyone who is likely to go afloat in its launches and require that they are used. Auto
inflation lifejackets are preferred.
• Provide sufficient kill cords and safety kits (see RowSafe 7.4.1).
• Check the competence of its launch drivers from time to time.
• Periodically check that its launches are in good condition, including periodic motor checks (see Safety Alert - Outboard
Motor Safety checks).
• Ensure that any launch that is not in good condition is quarantined so that it cannot be used.
• Where appropriate, ensure that each of its launches is identified with the three letter club code and three digit number as
required in the British Rowing Rules.
• Periodically check that all its lifejackets are in good condition (see Safety Alert - Lifejackets and Safety Alert - Check your
lifejacket).
• Ensure that each launch has effective and appropriate lights if it is used after dusk or before dawn.

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Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Ensure that the number and type of safety
launches provided is sufficient to enable the
Competition Safety Plan (see the Event
Organisers’ Manual)) to be implemented. The
Competition Safety Plan should be based on the
Competition Risk Assessment. . Safety boats
should be dedicated to that purpose and not also
used for umpires or marshalling.
• Where a radio is carried, ensure that someone in
the launch is competent to use it and knows which
channels to use.
• Identify those people who are permitted to drive
the launches.
• Ensure that everyone who is permitted to drive
launches is competent and suitably qualified to do
so. The level of qualification required will usually
be determined by the Competition Risk
Assessment but, in most cases, RYA Level 2
Powerboat should be sufficient.
• Ensure that sufficient lifejackets are available for
everyone who is likely to go afloat in its launches
and require that they are used. Auto inflation Provide sufficient safety kits
lifejackets are preferred. © Richard Palmer

• Ensure that there are sufficient kill cords and safety

kits (see RowSafe 7.4.1).
• Ensure that the launches are in good condition, including periodic motor checks (see Safety Alert - Outboard Motor Safety
checks.
• Ensure that each launch has effective and appropriate lights if it is used after dusk or before dawn.

Launch Drivers
Launch drivers are expected to:
• Be appropriately qualified and competent to drive a launch correctly in the conditions that are likely to be encountered.
• Be at least 18 years old unless accompanied by a responsible adult. See Safety Alert - Children Driving Launches.
• Check the launch prior to each use (see RNLI Outboard Pre-Start Checks) and that the lights, if needed, are working
correctly.
Always wear a correctly fitted lifejacket when afloat (see Safety Alert - Lifejackets).
• Always:
o Carry a Safety Kit (see RowSafe 7.4.1) and paddle.
o Use a kill cord correctly.
o Carry an appropriate communication device.
o Use the correct lights (see Safety Alert - Launch Driving).
• Comply with the local navigation code and the Club Circulation Plan at all times.
• Keep a good lookout at all times when afloat and warn other water users of any hazards or developing hazardous situations.
• When necessary, instruct rowers in the water to climb on top of their inverted boat to facilitate their recovery into the
launch.
• Where a radio is carried, ensure that someone in the launch is competent to use it and knows which channels to use.
• Report any safety incidents both to the club or competition and British Rowing using the Incident Reporting System.

5.2 Launch Driving Click here to go to Contents

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Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Keep a good lookout at all times when afloat and warn other water users of any hazards or developing hazardous situations.
• Report any safety incidents both to the club or competition and British Rowing using the Incident Reporting System.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Ensure that a sensible provision is made for safety and other launches in Competition Safety Plans.

Make sure you are appropriately qualified

© Richard Palmer

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides advice on launch safety.
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• RowSafe 7.4.1 - Launch Safety Kits
• Safety Alert - Outboard motor safety checks - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-Outboard-
Motor-Safety-Checks.pdf
• Event Organisers’ Manual - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Events-Manual-with-HoRR-v1.4-
rebranded.pdf?e413ae
• Safety Alert - Lifejackets - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-February-2015-Lifejackets.pdf
• RNLI advice on lifejackets - https://rnli.org/-/media/rnli/downloads/rnli-guide-to-lifejackets-and-buoyancy-aids.pdf?fd=true
• Safety Alert - Check your lifejacket, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-check-your-
lifejacket.pdf
• Safety Alert - Launch Driving - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-February-2015-Launch-
Driving.pdf
• Safety Alert - Children Driving Launches, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-children-
driving-launches-1.pdf
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• RNLI Outboard Pre-Start Checks - completeguide.rnli.org/outboard-pre-start.html

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6. People
Rowers and their clubs are expected to take responsibility for their own safety and that of others and Competition Organisers are
expected to provide a safe environment in which rowers and others can enjoy their sport.
There are additional risks associated with some groups of rowers and these are covered in this chapter.
This chapter of RowSafe contains the following sections:
6.1 People new to Rowing 75
6.1.1. Safety Advice for People new to Rowing 78
6.2 Adaptive rowers 79

6. People
DISCLAIMER: RowSafe provides general guidance to clubs and their members on safe practice in rowing. It is however the responsibility of each
club to maintain up-to-date risk assessments and define and monitor its own safety practices, guidance and procedures specific to its environment
and activities, which clubs shall ensure are made known to their members and members shall comply with the same.

Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the medical and other similar information and guidance in this manual is accurate and reflective of best
practice at the time of publication, it is the user’s responsibility to ensure that such information and guidance is up-to-date before acting upon it.
British Rowing accepts no responsibility for the content of third party websites accessed through links in this publication. 73
6.1. People new to Rowing
People who are new to rowing may not be aware of the hazards and risks associated with an activity and need additional support
and supervision so that they can keep themselves and others safe.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Provide extra guidance and support for people who are new to the sport.
• Ensure that new rowers are not exposed to risks that they would find substantial or intolerable.

New Rowers
New rowers are expected to:
• Attend the club’s Induction Programme and follow the advice and guidance in the Club Induction Pack (see RowSafe 2.2).
• Provide the club with relevant information such as floating and swimming and ability.
• Inform the club of any reason that they may be at risk due to current or previous illness or injury.
• Operate within their competence level by recognising their growing level of knowledge and understanding.
• Ask a coach or Club Official about any aspects of safety they are concerned or unsure about.
• Take responsibility for their own safety and the safety of others affected by their activities.
• Be aware of key club and sport policies and rules and where to find them.
• Report incidents to the club and British Rowing.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Ensure that the Club Risk Assessment includes risks associated with new rowers.
• Provide an Induction Programme for new rowers. This should have an emphasis on safe behaviour.
• Explain the Club Safety Rules to new rowers.
• Ensure that all new rowers take part in the Club Induction Programme. The Club Induction Programme (see RowSafe 2.2)
should include information about:
o Local hazards, including weather conditions, and navigation rules
o First Aid facilities and Emergency Response Plan
o Club Safety Plan and rules
o Safety aids
o Clothing and hair
o Cold water immersion and hypothermia
o Club structure and communications
o Boats – types, manual handling, boat checking and quarantining
o What to do in the event of a capsize or man overboard
o Incident reporting

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74
 • Ensure a higher level of care is promoted with beginners, juniors, adaptive rowers and adults at risk.
• Support the principle that safety is everyone’s responsibility.
• Encourage all members to set an example for beginners to follow.
• Ensure that sufficient coaches and safety cover are available to train and supervise new rowers.
• Make lifejackets available to all rowers and ensure that they are worn by people who cannot float and non-swimmers.
• Determine whether lifejackets should be worn by juniors who have not completed a capsize drill based on a risk
assessment that includes the circumstances and their ability.
• Record personal information about the new rower including contact details, floating and swimming ability, emergency
contact and parental or guardian consent for juniors.
• Provide advice on any health or injury issues that may affect their safety, particularly when rowing, or refer them to their
medical professional as appropriate.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Ensure all rowers have an adequate Club Induction Programme - and check their understanding of what is expected of
them.
• Set standards that rowers will follow - lead by example.
• Ensure a higher level of duty of care is promoted with beginners, juniors, adaptive rowers and adults at risk.
• Encourage new rowers to ask about anything they are unsure of.
• Encourage rowers to adopt safe behaviour (see Coaching Safe Behaviour, go to RowHow, then click on “Coaching
Qualifications” then “Club Coach - UKCC Level 2 Certificate in Coaching Rowing” select “Essential Reading” and click on
“Coaching Safe Behaviour”
• Provide advice on any health or injury issues that may affect their safety, particularly when rowing, or refer them to their
medical professional as appropriate.
• Ensure that all beginner juniors use sculls with appropriate spoon size, blade length and handle size.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:

• Provide support and advice to clubs in their region on people new to rowing.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.
• Provides the framework for Learn to Row courses.
• Provides coach education that helps coaches to support people new to rowing.
• Provides advice on adaptive rowing.

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Further Information
• RowSafe 2.2 - Make up of Club Induction Pack
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• British Rowing Guidance on Water and Indoor Rowing by Schoolchildren - britishrowing.org/wp-
content/uploads/2016/01/BR- Guidance-Document- On-Water-and-Indoor- Rowing-by- School-Children- Final-
2016.pdf?78251f
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Coaching Safe Behaviour, (go to RowHow, then click on “Coaching Qualifications” then “Club Coach - UKCC Level 2
Certificate in Coaching Rowing” then “Essential Reading” and click on “Coaching Safe Behaviour”
• Safety Alert Float to Live - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Safety-Alert-Float-to-Live.pdf

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6.1.1. Safety Advice for People new to Rowing
These are the 5 key things that new rowers should keep in mind.
1. If you do not know what to do then do not guess; ask someone who does.
2. If you have any medical or fitness concerns then talk to your coach or safety adviser.
3. If you cannot float or swim then wear a lifejacket when afloat and know how to use it.
4. Do not do anything that would put yourself or anyone else at risk.
5. Be prepared for the activity that you are about to do, eat, drink (hydrate), and dress appropriately.

As a new rower, you are expected to:

• Attend the club’s Induction Programme and follow the advice and guidance in the Club Induction Pack (see RowSafe
section 2.2).
• Be aware of and comply with the club’s safety rules.
• Provide the club with relevant information such as your floating and swimming ability.
• Inform the club of any reason that you may be at risk due to current or previous illness or injury; explain how the club can
help you.
• Operate within your competence level by recognising your growing level of knowledge and understanding.
• Ask a coach or Club Official about any aspects of safety you are concerned or unsure about.
• Take responsibility for your own safety and the safety of others.
• Be aware of key club and sport policies and rules and where to find them.
• Report all incidents both within the club and to British Rowing.

Understand that everyone is expected to:

• Take responsibility for their own safety both on and off the water.
• Ensure that their actions both on and off the water do not put others at risk.
• Examine their own actions if they are involved in an incident and identify opportunities for improvement.
• Ensure that they have prepared for the activity that they are about to undertake, including having eaten appropriately and
have sufficient drinking water.
• Ensure that they are dressed appropriately for the conditions and that their hair, if long, is restrained such that it does not
interfere with their rowing.
• Be aware of, and abide by, the Club Safety Rules.
• Follow the guidance in the Club Safety Plans.
• Report all incidents both within the club and to British Rowing.

6.1.1 Safety Advice for People New to Rowing Click here to go to Contents
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77
6.2. Adaptive rowers
There may be additional hazards and risks associated with adaptive rowers depending on the extent of their disability. They may
need extra guidance, support and supervision to keep them and others safe. They may also need additional facilities or equipment.
Safety Plans, Rules and Emergency Response Plans should include any additional actions required to keep adaptive rowers safe. Clubs
and competitions only need to review risk and take action for the adaptive rowers who row at their club or competition.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Take responsibility for themselves and others and understand how their actions could affect the safety of adaptive rowers.
• Understand what actions are required to keep adaptive rowers and themselves safe.
• Provide support and guidance for adaptive rowers.
• Ensure that adaptive rowers are not exposed to risk that they would find substantial or intolerable.
• Report any incidents or concerns about the safety of adaptive rowers to the club and to British Rowing.

Adaptive rowers
Adaptive rowers are expected to:
• Provide their club with relevant information about their disability that may affect their own safety and the safety of others
and any known “warning signs”.
• Operate within their capabilities.
• Provide the club with emergency contact details and information about actions to be taken in event of a medical
emergency.
• Ensure that if they have a lower leg prosthesis then they are able to release themselves from the prosthesis (or the
prosthesis from the boat) in the event of an emergency.
• Ensure that any medicines that are needed are carried by the rower and that the people who are in a position to do so
know how to find them and administer them.
• Ensure that their needs are included in the Club Safety Plan and Emergency Response Plan and, where appropriate,
Competition Safety Plans, Emergency Response Plans and Alternative Arrangements Plans.
• Ask a coach or club official about any aspects of safety they are concerned or unsure about.
• Be aware of the Adaptive Rowing Safety Guidance for Event Organisers.
• Check that equipment is safe for them to use and report any defects.
• Seek additional medical advice when appropriate.

Carers
Carers are expected to:
• Attend initial discussions with the club and attend its induction programme.
• Ensure that the club, coaches and competition organisers are provided with relevant information relating to the disability,
warning signs and requirements.
• Ensure the club is kept up-to-date with any relevant changes in the disability, requirements and emergency contact details.
• Understand the Adaptive Rowing Safety Guidance for Event Organisers.

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Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Ensure that the Club Risk Assessment includes risk for those adaptive rowers who row at the club.
• Ensure an appropriate level of care is promoted for adaptive rowers.
• Discuss the rower’s needs and aspirations.
• Define any additional Safety Rules required to keep adaptive rowers safe.
• Provide and maintain any additional safety and rescue equipment or facilities required to keep adaptive rowers safe.
• Ensure that sufficient coaches and safety cover are available to train and supervise adaptive rowers.
• Provide adaptive rowers with advice on any issues associated with their disability that may affect safety, particularly when
rowing, or refer them to their medical professional as appropriate.
• Ensure that coaches and others supporting adaptive rowers know what to do in an emergency and have access to
emergency contact details for adaptive rowers.
• Establish and practise procedures for managing incidents, including capsize or man overboard, involving adaptive rowers.
• Check equipment is appropriate and safe when adaptations are made.
• Seek advice on equipment that is suitable for each adaptive rower.
• Where necessary, make modifications to club facilities to accommodate adaptive rowers.
• Understand the Adaptive Rowing Safety Guidance for Event Organisers
For adaptive rowers, Club Safety Plans should include:
• Procedures for launching and recovering boats with adaptive rowers.
• Access arrangements for adaptive rowers.
For adaptive rowers, Club Safety Rules should include:
• Criteria for assessing risks associated with adaptive rowers.
• Actions to be taken in an emergency involving adaptive rowers, including capsize or man overboard.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Ensure an appropriate level of care is promoted for adaptive rowers.
• Encourage adaptive rowers to ask about anything they are unsure of.
• Provide advice on any issues associated with their disability that may affect their safety, particularly when rowing, or refer
them to their medical professional as appropriate.
• Identify ability and develop a needs analysis for each individual.
• Ensure that adaptive rowers understand how the Club’s Safety Plan and Rules apply to them.
• Use any specialist knowledge that they may have to assist the club and the athlete.

Check equipment is suitable and safe when adaptations are made

© Richard Palmer

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 • Maintain effective communication with rowers with a sensory impairment (visual, hearing impaired) who may require
additional support using radio and/or signage as appropriate.
• Understand the rower’s disability and know what action to take in an emergency and who to contact.
• With the rower’s permission, communicate any information that affects safety to other rowers and coaches.
• Check equipment is suitable and safe when adaptations are made for each adaptive rower.
• Seek advice on equipment that is suitable for each adaptive rower.
• Understand the Adaptive Rowing Safety Guidance for Event Organisers. Where appropriate, ensure that adaptive rowers
understand how Competition Safety Plans, Emergency Response Plans and Alternative Arrangement Plans apply to them.

Competitions
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Ensure that the Competition Risk Assessment includes risk for those adaptive rowers who are participating in the
competition.
• Cater for the needs of adaptive rowing participants, including access, medical support, equipment and buddy support.
• Permit coaches to maintain effective communication with rowers who have a sensory impairment (visual, hearing impaired)
and require additional support using radio and/or signage as appropriate.
• Be aware and communicate any rescue issues for individual adaptive rowers.
• Ensure that safety boats have at least two crew. Both crew should wear a buoyancy aid or lifejacket and one should be
prepared to enter the water to effect a rescue.
• Ensure all safety boats are on the water before adaptive rowers go afloat and ready for immediate use during rowing
activities. Rigid inflatables with low freeboard, or drop-nose safety boats are preferred.
• Ensure all umpires, officials and safety boat drivers have the information that they need to keep adaptive rowers safe.
• Ensure people who need to know are aware when adaptive rowers are on the water.
• Know what action to take in an emergency.
• Communicate information where appropriate with other athletes and coaches.
• Understand the Adaptive Rowing Safety Guidance for Event Organisers.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to clubs and competitions in their region on adaptive rowers.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.
• Provides advice on adaptive rowing for clubs, competitions, coaches and rowers.

6.2. Adaptive Rowers Click here to go to Contents

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Further Information
• Adaptive Rowing Safety Guidance for Event Organisers - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-
content/uploads/2017/04/Adaptive-Rowing-Safety-Guidance-For-Event-Organisers-2.pdf
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• RowSafe 4.8 - Adaptive Competitions
• Go Rowing - Adaptive Rowing - britishrowing.org/go-rowing/learn-to-row/adaptive-rowing
• Getting started - Adaptive Rowing - britishrowing.org/go-rowing/learn-to-row/adaptive-rowing/getting-started
• Adaptive Rowing Classification - britishrowing.org/go-rowing/learn-to-row/adaptive-rowing/classification
• Clubs - Introducing Adaptive Rowing - britishrowing.org/club-support/developing-your-club/growing-your-club/introducing-
adaptive-rowing
• Safety Alert - Adaptive Rowing Straps - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-February-2015-
Adaptive-Rowing-Straps.pdf

Useful Websites
• Attention Hyperactivity Deficit Disorder: www.adhd.org.uk
• British Blind Sport: www.britishblindsport.org.uk
• Cerebral Palsy Sport England & Wales: www.cpsport.org
• Disability Sport Events: www.disabilitysport.org.uk
• Down’s Syndrome Sport: www.downs-syndrome.org.uk/news/dsactive/
• English Federation of Disability Sport: www.efds.co.uk
• LimbPower: www.limbpower.com
• Mencap: www.mencap.org.uk
• National Autistic Society - www.autism.org.uk
• Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB): https://www.rnib.org.uk/
• Special Olympics Great Britain: http://www.specialolympics.org/
• The British Dyslexia Association: www.bdadyslexia.org.uk
• Tourette’s Syndrome (UK) Association: https://www.tourettes-action.org.uk/
• UK Deaf Sport: www.ukdeafsport.org.uk
• UK Sports Association for People with Learning Disability: www.uksportsassociation.org

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7. Equipment
There are hazards and risks associated with equipment and some equipment is used to reduce risk. These are covered in this
chapter.
This chapter of RowSafe contains the following sections:
7.1 Boats and Blades 84
7.2 Transport and Trailers 87
7.3 Safety Aids 89
7.4 Launches 91
7.4.1 Launch Safety Kits 93

7. Equipment
DISCLAIMER: RowSafe provides general guidance to clubs and their members on safe practice in rowing. It is however the responsibility of each
club to maintain up-to-date risk assessments and define and monitor its own safety practices, guidance and procedures specific to its environment
and activities, which clubs shall ensure are made known to their members and members shall comply with the same.

Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the medical and other similar information and guidance in this manual is accurate and reflective of best
practice at the time of publication, it is the user’s responsibility to ensure that such information and guidance is up-to-date before acting upon it.
British Rowing accepts no responsibility for the content of third party websites accessed through links in this publication. 82
7.1. Boats and Blades

Equipment Checklist
A thorough boat and equipment check includes the following:
• No visible signs of damage to the hull, for example scrapes or cracks.
• Buoyancy compartments, seals, hatch covers, boat hull and ventilation bungs are secure and watertight. Buoyancy Bags are
fully inflated and installed if no under-seat buoyancy compartments are fitted.
• Bow ball is in good condition and securely fixed (where the construction of the boat, or its composition, is such that the
bow is properly protected or its shape does not present a hazard in the event of a collision, then this requirement need not
apply).
• Fixing screws or bolts do not represent a hazard in the event of an accident. Any sharp protrusions should be covered or
removed.
• In all boats the foot stretchers, shoes or other devices holding the feet of the rowers shall be a type which allows the
rowers to get clear of the boat with no delay in an emergency.
• Heel restraints are strong, secure and durable and the correct length (laces and cable ties are not appropriate). See Safety
Alert – Heel Restraints.
•
• Shoes shall be in good condition so that they do not break or become partially detached from the boat in the event of a
rower trying to remove their feet during a capsize.
• Where shoes or other devices holding the feet will remain in the boat, each shoe or device shall be independently
restrained such that when the heel reaches the horizontal position the foot will be released from the shoe.
• Shoe fastenings such as laces or Velcro or similar materials should not be too tight and must be able to be released
immediately by the rower with a single quick hand action of pulling on one easily accessible strap.
• Where shoes or other devices holding the feet will not remain in the boat, each shoe or device must be able to be
released by the rower without using their hands or with a single quick hand action of pulling on one easily accessible strap
or release device
• No part of the rigger, or any other structure, restricts the ability of rowers to remove their feet from the shoes in an
emergency.
• Rudder lines, steering mechanisms and rudder (where fitted) and fin, are secure and in good working order.
• Outriggers, swivels, gates, seats, runners and stretchers are secure and operating correctly and show no signs of cracking or
fatigue.
• The forward port and starboard rigger on all boats, other than single sculls, should be protected by a backstay. See Safety
Alert - Backstays.
• Thole pins are in good condition, correctly placed (hard forward, soft astern) and spares are carried.
• Self-bailers (if fitted) are secure and working correctly.
• Blades are undamaged and buttons are secure and properly set.
• The boat is suitable for the situation in which it is to be used, for example maximum crew weight.
• Lighting, if required, is suitable for the outing and working correctly (see Safety Alert - Lights on Rowing Boats).
• Consider the use of “splash boards” if the water conditions are difficult.

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Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Understand that equipment with defects can cause accidents.
• Know how to check equipment.
• Routinely check equipment prior to each use.
• Only use equipment that is in good condition.
• Routinely check equipment after each use.
• Report any defects found to a coach or other appropriate Club
Official.
• Not wear Dryrobes, denims, jeans or heavy cotton clothing at any Know how to check the
time when afloat. equipment you are using
© Richard Palmer
• Not wear a hoodie when rowing or sculling as the thumbs tend to
catch in the pocket, or when coxing in a bow-loader as it could
become entangled and impede a rapid exit.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Provide storage for boats and equipment in an orderly fashion, in well-lit premises where possible, to minimise damage to
people or other equipment.
• Provide information to members on how boats should be checked (see Safety Alert - Check your boat before you go
afloat).
• Ensure that all boats have sufficient buoyancy and provide extra buoyancy if needed.
• Ensure that the cox’s area of bow loaded boats has no protrusions or other obstructions that would catch on the cox’s
lifejacket straps, or clothing, or hair in such a way that it could impede their exit from the boat. Also ensure that the straps
and clothing are adjusted so that they will not catch on any part of the boat.
• Keep a record of the manufacturer / supplier’s information regarding the inherent buoyancy of the boat.
• Maintain all equipment in good working order and suitable for the conditions in which it will be used.
• Require members to report any damage to boats and equipment to a responsible official without delay.
• “Quarantine” a damaged boat or piece of equipment, with the nature of the damage clearly marked, and ensure that it is
not used.
• Ensure that any damage to boats or equipment is repaired before the boat or equipment is used again.
• Ensure that all incidents are reported to British Rowing using the Incident Reporting System.

Maintain all equipment in good working order and

suitable for the conditions in which it will be used
© Richard Palmer

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Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Coach others on:
o The need to check equipment.
o How to check equipment.
o What to do if defects are found.
• Ensure that equipment is checked prior to it being used.
• Ensure that equipment is checked after it has been used.
• Ensure that quarantined equipment is not used.

Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Inform participating clubs of the arrangements for boat checking.
• Facilitate boat checking prior to launch.
• Ensure that the results of Control Commission Checks are collated and returned to the Regional Rowing Safety Adviser.
• Ensure that all significant defects are reported using the British Rowing Incident Reporting System.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Maintain records of Control Commission Checks within its region.
• Advise clubs of, and provide recommendations on, reported non-compliance.
• Provide support and advice to clubs in their region on boats and blades.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website, including training on how to check boats.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• Safety Alert - Lights on Rowing Boats - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-Lights-on-Rowing-
Boats.pdf
• Safety Alert - Check your boat before you go afloat - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-Check-
Your-Boat-Before-You-Go-Afloat.pdf
• Boat Safety Checks - https://youtu.be/Jv294UHbj0s
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• Correct fitting of a WinTech Quick Release Wing Rigger - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/WinTech-Quick-
Release-Wing-Rigger-Fitting-2.pdf
• FISA’s Minimum Guidelines for the Safe Practice of Rowing - Section II A Safe Rowing Equipment -
worldrowing.com/mm//Document/General/General/10/90/86/Minimum_Guidelines_for_Safe_Rowing_English.pdf
• British Rowing guidance on backstays, https://www.britishrowing.org/2013/06/a-safety-update-for-rowers-and-coaches/
• Safety Alert – Backstays - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Safety-Alert-Backstays-.pdf
• See Safety Alert – Do not wear a Dryrobe when afloat - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Safety-
Alert-Do-not-wear-a-Dryrobe-when-afloat-March-2022.pdf
• Safety Alert – Heel Restraints - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Safety-Alert-Heel-Restraints.pdf

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7.2. Transport and Trailers
The club risk assessment can be used to identify the hazards associated with the use of vehicles and trailers by the club. If these risks
are overlooked then the results can be significant.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Follow the club’s guidance on loading the trailer.
• Take care when handling boats and loading a trailer.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Ensure that any vehicle or trailer used by the
club is maintained in a roadworthy condition.
See Safety Alert – Check your trailer.
• Ensure that trailers are correctly labelled with
the Maximum Allowed Mass (MAM), tyre
pressures and jacking points.
• Confirm that all drivers have the appropriate
vehicle licence and insurance for the trailer
type, length and load.
• Provide information on towing and loading the
trailer (see leaflet – Guidance for
Transportation of Oar Propelled Racing Boats).
• Ensure that the risks associated with loading
and trailing boats are included in the club’s Risk
Assessment and that appropriate action is taken
to reduce risk to an acceptable level.
• Provide adequate ties, lights and end markers
for the load.
• Provide spare bulbs, spare wheel, jack and tools
Provide adequate ties, lights and end
for changing a wheel.
markers for the load
• Provide an assistant who can help the driver © Richard Palmer
with navigation, manoeuvring and emergencies.

Trailer Towing Vehicle Drivers and Minibus Drivers

Drivers are expected to:
• Have the appropriate licence and insurance for the vehicle and trailer (see DVLA Requirements for towing trailers in Great
Britain leaflet).
• Understand the regulations and responsibilities of trailer towing and minibus driving.
• Plan the route so as to avoid areas and times where conditions are likely to be difficult.
• Use towing mirrors if the trailer is wider than the towing vehicle
• Be aware of the reduced speed limits when towing

• If towing, then before each trip, check:

o The nose weight of the trailer.
o That the trailer is correctly loaded.

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 o That the load is secure.
o The lights, brakes, safety chain and jockey wheel.
o That the towing bracket and its fixings are in good condition
o The weather forecast and road conditions.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Ensure that members know how to load and check the trailer.

Competition
Competition Organisers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Ensure there is easy access and adequate parking for towing vehicles and trailers.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to clubs in their region on transport and trailers.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides advice and guidance on the loading and towing of rowing boat trailers.
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• Guidance for the Transportation of Oar Propelled Racing Boats Leaflet - britishrowing.org/wp-
content/uploads/2015/09/TowingGuidance.pdf?ef682d
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• Driving and Towing Limitations for Drivers Flowchart - britishrowing.org/wp-
content/uploads/2015/09/TowingFlowChart.pdf?ef682d
• DVLA Requirements for towing trailers in Great Britain Leaflet - britishrowing.org/wp-
content/uploads/2015/09/INF301.pdf?ef682d
• DVLA Driving a Minibus Leaflet - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/DVLA-MinibusDriving-Inf28.pdf?ef682d
• Rowing & Trailers - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/RowingnTrailers-RM-Jun- 08.pdf?ef682d
• Safety Alert - Trailer oscillations when towing - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-2014-Trailer-
Towing.pdf
• Safety Alert – check your trailer, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Safety-Alert-check-your-
trailer.pdf
• Safety Alert – Check your tow bar - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Safety-Alert-Check-yout-
Tow-Bar-April-2021.pdf
Advice on towing abroad is available from:
• The Caravan Club - caravanclub.co.uk/overseas-holidays/advice-and-information
• The AA - theaa.com/motoring_advice/overseas/index.html and theaa.com/motoring_advice/general-advice/towing-advice-
what-you-need-to-know.html

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7.3. Safety Aids
Safety aids, such as lifejackets, throw lines and emergency blankets, can save lives. It is essential that they are readily available and
maintained in good condition, and that everyone knows how to use them correctly.
The effectiveness and importance of safety equipment is described in the Safety Alert - Safety equipment can save your life.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Know how to use the club’s safety aids.
• Follow the club’s rules on their use.
• Wear a lifejacket when coxing, in a launch or as required by the club or a
coach. Coxes in bow-loader boats must wear a manual inflation lifejacket.
• Not wear an inflatable lifejacket under any other garment.
• Check the lifejacket before use and ensure that it is fitted correctly. See
Safety Alert - Lifejackets.
• Report any safety equipment that is damaged, missing or deployed within
the club.
• Wear a lifejacket if:
o They cannot float or swim.
o They are juniors who have not completed a capsize drill if a risk
assessment determines that this is appropriate.
o Because of a medical condition, there is a risk that they may become
unconscious or immobile whilst afloat.
• Wear or carry a lifejacket if rowing in a gig or other fixed seat boat (coxes
should always wear a lifejacket).
• Report any incidents involving safety aids to the club and to British Rowing.

Club
Club Officers are expected to: Wear a lifejacket when
• Use the Club Risk Assessment and Safety Plan to determine the type and coxing
© Richard Palmer
quantity of safety aids (such as lifejackets, throw lines, lifeguard tubes, and
emergency blankets) for the needs and size of the club.
• Provide and maintain safety aids (see RYA - How to wear a lifejacket
correctly).
• Provide training to club members in the use of safety aids including the use of crotch straps on lifejackets.
• Ensure that safety aids are readily available to members and are stored correctly.
• Make lifejackets available to all rowers and ensure that they are worn by people who cannot float or swim.
• Determine whether lifejackets should be worn by juniors who have not completed a capsize drill based on a risk
assessment that includes the circumstances and their ability.
• Implement a procedure to manage damaged, missing or deployed safety aids.
• Review the requirements for, and the use of, safety aids and implement any changes in their type or use.
• Check lifejackets for leaks, damage and gas cylinder integrity at regular intervals (at least once a year) and record the results
(see Safety Alert - Lifejackets and Safety Alert - Check your lifejacket).
• Provide a boat safety kit for each rowing boat as determined by the risk assessments. See RowSafe 10.2.1 Gig and Other
Fixed Seat Rowing Boat Safety Kit.

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Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Set an example by following the club’s procedures on the
use, maintenance and storage of safety aids.
• Train participants in the correct usage of safety aids including
the use of crotch straps on lifejackets.
• Make lifejackets available to people who cannot float or swim
and participants who are nervous about the water.
• Carry a throw line and practise using them.

Competition
Competition Organisers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Provide sufficient lifejackets and other safety aids to officials
and those involved in running the competition.
• Ensure that people wearing lifejackets provided by the
Competition Organisers know how to fit them correctly,
including the use of crotch straps on lifejackets, and know Service lifejackets at
how to use other safety aids. least once a year
© Richard Palmer

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to clubs and competitions in their region on Safety Aids.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• Safety Alert - Lifejackets - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-February-2015-Lifejackets.pdf
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• Safety Alert - Check your lifejacket, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-check-your-
lifejacket.pdf
• RNLI Guidance on Lifejackets - https://rnli.org/-/media/rnli/downloads/rnli-guide-to-lifejackets-and-buoyancy-aids.pdf?fd=true
• Safety Alert - Safety equipment can save your life, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-
Safety-Equipment-can-save-your-life-1.pdf
• RYA - How to wear a lifejacket correctly - youtube.com/watch?v=NNfXMLG5pI4

7.3. Safety Aids Click here to go to Contents

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7.4. Launches
Launches should be properly maintained and used “within their capabilities”. Some launches are intended as coaching launches but
can still be used as a safety launch providing launch drivers and crew understand what to do and providing that the boats are suitable
for the conditions in which they are used.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Follow the club’s guidance on using a launch.
• Take care when using a launch.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Ensure that any launch, including its motor, used by the club Aluminium launch
is maintained in good working order and safe condition.
• Ensure that any launch that is not fit for use is labelled and
quarantined so that it will not be used until it has been
repaired.
• Ensure that the maximum load is known and adhered to.
• Define procedures for recovering rowers.
• Provide information on the safe use of the launch.
Catamaran
• Ensure that the risks associated with using a launch are
included in the club’s Risk Assessment and that appropriate
action is taken to reduce risk to an acceptable level.
• Provide a kill cord and safety kit for use in the launch (see
RowSafe 7.4.1).
• Provide spare parts for the maintenance of the launch.

Launch Drivers
Launch drivers are expected to:
RIB
• Wear a correctly fitted lifejacket whenever afloat and ensure
that all the crew of the launch do so.
• Before each use, check that:
o The launch, including the motor is in good condition
before starting to use it.
o There is adequate fuel for the outing.
o The engine is secure and properly mounted.
Ensure you are using a launch
o The kill cord mechanism is working correctly suitable for the conditions
© Richard Palmer
o The safety kit is on board.
o If necessary, the lights are working.
o If a radio is carried, it is charged and tuned to the
correct channel.
• If a radio is carried, ensure that someone in the launch is competent to use it and knows which channels to use.
• Report any defects or problems.

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Competition
Competitions and Competition Organisers are expected to:
• Ensure that any launch used by the competition is in good working
order and safe condition.
• Ensure that the maximum load of the launches is known and
adhered to.
• Define procedures for recovering rowers.
• Provide information on the safe use of the launches.
• Ensure that the risks associated with using a launch are included in
the Competition Risk Assessment and that appropriate action is
taken to reduce risk to an acceptable level.
• Provide kill cords and safety kits for use in the launches (see
RowSafe 7.4.1).
Make sure the lights are
• Ensure that there is adequate fuel for the competition.
correctly displayed and working
© Richard Palmer
Regional Rowing Councils
Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to clubs and competitions in their region on launches.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• Safety Alert - Outboard Motor Safety Checks - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert- Outboard-
Motor-Safety-Checks.pdf?ef682d
• RowSafe 7.4.1 - Launch Safety Kits
• Safety Alert - Lifejackets - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-February-2015-Lifejackets.pdf?ef682d
• Safety Alert - Check your lifejacket, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-check-your-
lifejacket.pdf
• RNLI Guidance on Lifejackets - https://rnli.org/-/media/rnli/downloads/rnli-guide-to-lifejackets-and-buoyancy-aids.pdf?fd=true
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive

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7.4.1. Launch Safety Kits
It is recommended that the following equipment should be included in a Launch Safety Kit.
• A First Aid kit in a waterproof bag, checked monthly.
• A throw line or equivalent grab line.
• A serrated safety knife with rope cutter.
• Enough survival equipment or ‘Bivvi bags’ for the launch’s passenger capacity. (Note: Foil blankets tend to keep cold people
cold and are not recommended.)
• Sufficient lifejackets for the maximum number of passengers and crew.
• A spare kill-cord for crewman or passenger in case the driver falls overboard.
• A spare length of rope.
• A bailer.
• A paddle.
• Fire extinguisher.

Carry a launch safety kit

© Richard Palmer

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As a result of the risk assessment of the location, water and weather conditions, the following equipment may also be required.
• A toolkit including spares for rowing boats (such as spanners, nuts and washers and cord).
• A minimum toolkit and spares for the engine.
• An anchor and line appropriate for the water and weather conditions.
• A communications device such as a waterproof VHF radio transceiver or mobile phone.
• A boathook.
• An audio signalling device: air horn, loudhailer or megaphone.
• A pump for the sponsons (buoyancy chambers) plus a spare valve, valve cap, and a repair kit for inflatables or Rigid
Inflatable Boats (RIBs).
• Spare fuel.
• Simple handholds on the side of the launch to provide assistance to anyone being rescued or for the driver if they fall
overboard.
• Spare lifejackets, spare fuel tank (open water use), and alternative means of propulsion adequate for the expected
conditions, in-date flares, maps, navigation aids or GPS system.
• Suitable lights in low visibility conditions.
• Life raft (valise) able to hold the appropriate number of people and suitable for inshore use.
• Rescue tube - an approximately 1 metre long, high-buoyancy foam tube developed for water rescue or other flotation
device capable of supporting a casualty in the water.
• Ladder, rope sling, or similar equipment to help when retrieving a casualty from the water into the boat.
• Rescue strop for pulling the casualty up a steep or vertical bank.
• Sea anchor to prevent the launch drifting with the wind; this could be a canvas bucket on a rope.
• Searchlight with a beam strong enough to locate a casualty at night.

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8. Health
In general, rowing delivers many health benefits but there are some hazards and risks that must be assessed and managed. This
chapter explains some of these hazards and risks and provides guidance on how to deal with them.
However, the effectiveness of general guidance is limited and should never be used as a substitute for individual guidance from a
medical specialist.
This chapter of RowSafe contains the following sections:
8.1 Cold Water Immersion and Hypothermia 96
8.2 Sunburn, Heat Illness and Exhaustion 98
8.3 First Aid 100
8.4 Waterborne Infections and Diseases 104
8.5 Concussion 106
8.6 Coping with Illness and Diseases 108
8.6.1 Common Illnesses 110
8.6.2 Chronic Conditions and Diseases 112
8.6.3 Asthma 114
8.7 What To Do If Someone Collapses 117

8. Health
DISCLAIMER: RowSafe provides general guidance to clubs and their members on safe practice in rowing. It is however the responsibility of each
club to maintain up-to-date risk assessments and define and monitor its own safety practices, guidance and procedures specific to its environment
and activities, which clubs shall ensure are made known to their members and members shall comply with the same.

Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the medical and other similar information and guidance in this manual is accurate and reflective of best
practice at the time of publication, it is the user’s responsibility to ensure that such information and guidance is up-to-date before acting upon it.
British Rowing accepts no responsibility for the content of third party websites accessed through links in this publication. 94
8.1. Cold Water Immersion and Hypothermia
No matter how good a floater or swimmer you are, sudden unexpected immersion in cold water can cause an initial cold shock that
affects muscular co-ordination and impairs the ability to float or swim. Heat loss from immersion can quickly cause hypothermia. Any
of these factors can lead to drowning. Everyone has a responsibility to assess and manage the risk of immersion in cold water and to
know what to do if it occurs.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Have studied the effects by completing the British Rowing Cold Water & Hypothermia online learning module and the
Safety Alert - Cold Water Kills.
• Know and watch for the symptoms of mild hypothermia (such as
complaints of feeling cold and tired, poor comprehension,
disorientation, poor concentration, irrational behaviour, violent
outbursts and confusion).
• Understand the effects of cold water immersion and hypothermia.
• Be prepared for those effects if immersed in cold water.
• Wear clothing appropriate to the conditions (see Keep warm and
Introduction to Coxing and Steering online learning for those people
who are involved in coxing).
• Not wear Dryrobes, denims, jeans or heavy cotton clothing at any
time when afloat.
• Not wear a hoodie when rowing or sculling as the thumbs tend to
catch in the pocket, or when coxing in a bow-loader as it could
become entangled and impede a rapid exit.
• Report incidents to the club and British Rowing.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Ensure that the risks of cold water immersion and hypothermia are
included in the club’s Risk Assessments.
• Provide members with information about cold water immersion and
hypothermia. Wear clothing appropriate to the
• Provide facilities for the initial treatment of hypothermia. conditions
© Richard Palmer
• Include hypothermia in their Emergency Response Plan.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Know and watch for the symptoms of severe hypothermia (such as shivering, pale, blue lips and nails, rapid breathing,
wheezing and coughing, fast pulse and slurred speech).
• Know how to respond if they detect any of these symptoms.
• Set an example by always wearing clothing appropriate to the conditions (see Keep Warm).
• Ensure that their coxes wear clothing appropriate to the conditions.
• Ensure that they are equipped to deal with people with hypothermia.

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Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Ensure that the risks of cold water immersion and hypothermia are included in the competition’s Risk Assessments.
• Provide officials, umpires, launch drivers, safety boat crews, other personnel and participants with information about cold
water immersion and hypothermia.
• If appropriate, provide facilities for the initial treatment of hypothermia.
• If appropriate, include hypothermia in their Emergency Response Plan.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.
• Provides advice and training materials on cold water immersion and hypothermia.

Further Information
• Cold Water & Hypothermia online learning module - https://www.rowhow.org/course/view.php?id=165
• Keep Warm Safety Article - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Keep-warm.pdf
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert - Cold Water Kills, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-Cold-Water-Kills-
1.pdf
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• See Safety Alert – Do not wear a Dryrobe when afloat - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Safety-
Alert-Do-not-wear-a-Dryrobe-when-afloat-March-2022.pdf

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8.2. Sunburn, Heat Illness and Exhaustion
Prolonged exposure to sun can cause sunburn or skin damage at any time of the year, not just in the summer. The body produces a
lot of heat when exercising. When dehydration occurs, body temperatures can rise to levels that cause heat illness (hyperthermia).

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Understand the effects of hyperthermia (heat illness and heat exhaustion) and sunburn (see Avoiding Heat Illness in the
Club Coach material, click here then on “Coaching Qualification”, then “Club Coach - UKCC Level 2 Certificate in
Coaching Rowing”, then “Essential Reading” and click on “Avoiding Heat Illness - Last updated May 2016 File” and NHS
Choices - Heat exhaustion and heatstroke).
• Be prepared for those effects if exposed to heat or sun. Use a high factor
See Safety Alert – How to stay safe whilst rowing in the sunscreen
sun. © Richard Palmer

• Use a high factor sunscreen and wear clothing appropriate

to the conditions.
• Carry drinking water and remain hydrated.
• Observe fellow rowers and watch out for signs of
hyperthermia or sunburn (see under “Coaches” below).

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Include the risks of exposure to sun and heat leading to
sunburn, heat illness and exhaustion in the club’s Risk
Assessments.
• Provide members with information about sunburn, heat
illness and exhaustion.
• Include hyperthermia in their Emergency Response Plan.
• Provide First Aid facilities.
• Ensure that drinking water is available.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to: Carry drinking water and
remain hydrated
• Have read Avoiding Heat Illness (by clicking here then on
© Richard Palmer
“Coaching Qualification”, then “Club Coach - UKCC Level
2 Certificate in Coaching Rowing”, then “Essential Reading”
and click on “Avoiding Heat Illness - Last updated May 2016
File”- Club Coach Course material (if you have a UKCC
Level 2 Club Coach qualification) and have studied the
effects.
• Know and watch for the symptoms of heat exhaustion (such as high levels of fatigue/tiredness, dizziness, nausea/vomiting,
chills or shivering, fast weak pulse, clammy cool skin, appearing pale, numbness or tingling in head, neck, back or hands).
• Know and watch for the symptoms of heat illness (such as confusion/lack of mental clarity, inability to hold a conversation,
bizarre behaviour, hot, red skin, fainting, headache, rapid strong pulse and sweating). See Safety Alert – How to stay safe
whilst rowing in the sun.
• Know how to respond if they detect any of these symptoms.
• Set an example by always wearing sunscreen and clothing appropriate to the conditions.
• Ensure that their crews wear sunscreen and clothing appropriate to the conditions.
• Ensure that their crews remain hydrated and take breaks and rest in the shade.

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 • Ensure that they are equipped to deal with sunburn and heat illness and exhaustion.
• Consider rescheduling outings to cooler parts of the day.

Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Include the risks of exposure to sun and heat leading to sunburn, heat illness and exhaustion in the competition’s Risk
Assessments.
• Provide competitors and officials with information about sunburn, heat illness and exhaustion.
• Include hyperthermia in their Emergency Response Plan.
• Provide First Aid facilities.
• Ensure that sufficient drinking water is available.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides information about the causes, effects and symptoms of sunburn and heat illness in relation to rowing.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• Club Coach course material - Avoiding Heat Illness - https://www.rowhow.org/course/view.php?id=120 then click on
“Coaching Qualification”, then “Club Coach - UKCC Level 2 Certificate in Coaching Rowing”, then “Essential Reading” and
click on “Avoiding Heat Illness - Last updated May 2016 File”
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• NHS Choices - Heat exhaustion and heatstroke - https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/heat-exhaustion-heatstroke/
• NHS Choices - Heat exhaustion and heatstroke, signs and symptoms - https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/heat-exhaustion-
heatstroke/ - signs-and-symptoms
• NHS Choices - Heat exhaustion and heatstroke, what to do - https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/heat-exhaustion-
heatstroke/#things-you-can-try
• NHS Choices - Heat exhaustion and heatstroke, when to get medical help - https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/heat-
exhaustion-heatstroke/#when-to-get-medical-help
• Safety Alert – How to stay safe whilst rowing in the sun - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-
content/uploads/2019/04/Safety-Alert-How-to-stay-safe-whilst-rowing-in-the-sun.pdf

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8.3. First Aid
Many of the provisions identified in the Risk Assessments are means of reducing the probability of a hazardous event occurring, but it
is also appropriate to make provisions to reduce the severity of harm should a hazardous event occur. First Aid is one of the most
commonly used of those provisions.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Report any injuries to First Aiders or Club Officers.
• Report any deficiencies in First Aid cover or problems summoning emergency assistance to the club.
• Report First Aid and medical incidents to the club and to British Rowing.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Use the Club Risk Assessment to define the requirements for First Aid provision. Factors to be considered include:
o Location of the club for example, remote or in a built-up area, easy or difficult access.
o Type and extent of boating area.
o Potential hazards such as obstructions, weirs and limited access points.
o People, for example number of members, age and rowing experience.
o Hazards in other club facilities such as kitchen or workshop.
o Travel time to the nearest hospitals with an A&E Department or Minor Injuries Unit and type of cover offered.
o Details of the service provided by the local NHS ambulance service (this varies from region to region).
o Availability of other rescue services such as air ambulance and lifeboat.
• Include First Aid provision in the Club Emergency Response Plan (see RowSafe 3.3), brief members on the content and
make the plan available.
• Ensure that the club has sufficient First Aiders and that adequate First Aid cover is available during all club activities.
• Make provision for people suffering from mild hypothermia (people with severe hypothermia should be taken to hospital).
• Keep a record of coaches and other members who hold a First Aid qualification and encourage First Aiders to keep their
qualification up to date.
• Prominently display a list of qualified First Aiders (with photos if possible).
• Provide sufficient and clearly marked First Aid kits in easily accessible areas of the club premises. Each kit should contain a
list of contents.
• Regularly check contents against the list of contents, record and date the inspection and replenish supplies.
• Ensure that all launches carry a First Aid kit and sufficient thermal blankets for the crews concerned.
• Maintain adequate supplies of First Aid consumables and equipment including emergency blankets) in good condition.
• Consider providing Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) technique training to all club members. There is online training
material here.
• Consider providing an Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) in the club.

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 Keep all first aid kits well stocked
© Richard Palmer

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Keep their First Aid qualification up-to-date by attending a First Aid course at least every three years.
• Encourage members to report First Aid and medical incidents in the British Rowing Incident Reporting System.
• Ensure that rowers know where the First Aid kits are kept and which members are qualified First Aiders.

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Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Use the Competition Risk Assessment to define the requirements for First Aid provision. Factors to be considered include:
o Location of the competition, for example, remote or in a built-up area, easy or difficult access.
o Extent of boating areas and type of race such as large head race or short, contained regatta.
o Potential hazards such as cold or hot weather, capsize and limited access points.
o People, for example number of competitors (age and rowing experience), spectators and supporters.
o Hazards in other competition facilities such as catering.
o Travel time to the nearest hospitals with an A&E Department or Minor Injuries Unit and type of cover offered.
o Details of the service provided by the local NHS ambulance service (this varies from region to region).
o Availability of other rescue services such as air ambulance and lifeboat.
o First Aid Point(s) - How many and where should they be positioned; how First Aiders will be identified.
• Include First Aid in the Competition Emergency Response Plan (see RowSafe 4.3), brief participants and make it available to
all involved in the competition.
• Ensure that the competition has adequate First Aid cover. The appropriate level of cover may include the appointment of a
Medical Officer or the provision of an ambulance or paramedics.
• Make provision for people suffering from mild hypothermia (people with severe hypothermia should be taken to hospital).
• Where First Aid cover is provided by a third party, agree the scope of the cover to be provided.
• Provide information and signage to ensure that competitors and spectators are aware of the location of the First Aid
facilities.
• Ensure that all launches carry a First Aid kit and sufficient thermal blankets for the crews concerned.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to competitions in their region on first aid cover.
• Review the First Aid cover as part of the Competition Emergency Response Plan and provide feedback.
• Give, or withhold, permission for the competition to take place.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.
• Provides advice on First Aid training.
• Provides an Event Organisers’ Manual.

Further Information
• RowSafe 3.3 - Club Emergency Response Plan
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• RowSafe 4.3 - Competition Emergency Response Plan
• Event Organiser’s Manual - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Events-Manual-with-HoRR-v1.4-
rebranded.pdf
• Safety Alert - Staying Alive - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Safety-Alert-Staying-Alive-FINAL.pdf?78251f
• Cardiac Arrest Care in Rowing - britishrowing.org/2018/05/cardiac-arrest-care/

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Other
• HSE Basic advice on first aid at work - hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg347.pdf
• HSE First aid at work leaflet (See page 2 for First Aid kit contents) - hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg214.pdf
• Royal Life Saving Society - rlss.org.uk
• British Red Cross - redcross.org.uk
• St John Ambulance - sja.org.uk
• There is online training material at https://www.resus.org.uk/apps/lifesaver/

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8.4. Waterborne Infections and Diseases
Diseases can be caused by waterborne infectious agents such as bacteria or viruses, or contracted due to exposure to other
contaminants in the water. These can include, for example, algal blooms, jelly fish (at sea), faecal matter and chemical contamination.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Read and understand any information on waterborne infectious agents and contamination provided by the club.
• See their own doctor as soon as they think that they may have any relevant symptoms.
• Inform the club if they have contracted a disease associated with a waterborne cause so that others can be encouraged to
take greater precautions.
• Cover all cuts or grazes with waterproof dressings if the water is contaminated.
• Wash or shower after any significant contact with water from the river, lake, canal or sea especially if they have any exposed
cuts or grazes.
• Never drink water from sources such as rivers, lakes, canals or sea.
• Wash hands thoroughly before eating or drinking.
• Clean open wounds, such as blisters or calf abrasions with an anti-bacterial substance.
• If contaminated water has been swallowed, refer to their doctor with full details of the incident.
• Wear suitable footwear when launching or recovering a boat, particularly if it is necessary to wade into the water, to
prevent direct contact with the water and protect the feet from cuts and abrasions.
Hose down all equipment after outings to remove any potential contamination.
• Report incidents to the club and British Rowing.

Wash hands thoroughly before eating or drinking

© Richard Palmer

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Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Determine the extent to which the waters that they use may
be infected with relevant bacteria, viruses or other agents (the
Local Authority Environmental Health office and the local
Water Authority may be able to help).
• Include these risks in the club’s Risk Assessments.
• Provide information (such as posters) to members as
appropriate. This information should include:
o Precautions to be taken to avoid exposure.
o Early signs and symptoms of any relevant disease so that
early medical intervention can be sought.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Be aware of the extent to which their participants are at risk
of contracting a disease associated with a waterborne cause.
• Bring information about the risks and appropriate actions to
the attention of participants.
Hose down all equipment after outings
• Monitor the behaviour of any persons at risk and ensure that © Richard Palmer
they act appropriately.

Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Determine the extent to which the waters that they use may be infected with relevant bacteria, viruses or other agents (the
Local Authority Environmental Health office and the local Water Authority may be able to help).
• Include these risks in the competition’s Risk Assessments.
• Provide information (such as posters) to umpires, officials, launch drivers, safety boat crews, other personnel and
participants as appropriate. This information should include:
o Precautions to be taken to avoid exposure.
o Early signs and symptoms of any relevant disease so that early medical intervention can be sought.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• Weil’s Disease - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/health-and-fitness/rowing-and-water-borne-disease

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8.5. Concussion
Concussion is the sudden but short-lived loss of mental function that occurs after a blow or other injury to the head. It is the most
common but least serious type of brain injury.
Concussion does occur in rowing. It is important that it is recognised and that appropriate action is taken. Any blow to the head, face
or neck, or a blow to the body which causes a sudden jarring of the head may cause a concussion.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Recognise the signs and symptoms of concussion, (see NHS - Symptoms of concussion).
• Know how to get help if someone is concussed.
• Take care to avoid head injuries.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Ensure that their First Aid provision can assist a person with concussion.
• Ensure that their members know how to get help in the event of an emergency.
• Ensure that the boathouse is kept tidy so as to reduce the probability of a head injury.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Recognise the signs and symptoms of concussion.
• Know how to help someone who is concussed.
• Coach crews to handle boats on land carefully so as to reduce the probability of a head injury.

Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Ensure that their First Aid provision can assist a person with concussion.
• Provide information to participating clubs on how to get help if needed.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

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Further Information
• NHS Symptoms of concussion - nhs.uk/Conditions/Concussion/Pages/Symptoms.aspx
• NHS Treating concussion - nhs.uk/Conditions/Concussion/Pages/Treatment.aspx
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• Safety Alert - Head Injuries - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-May- 2015-Head- Injuries.pdf

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8.6. Coping with Illness and Diseases
People who are not feeling well, recovering from an infection, or suffering from a chronic condition should take care when exercising.
It is important to seek medical advice in these situations.
Rowing is a team sport. Rowers should be encouraged to look after their fellow rowers. If they look unwell, then they should be
asked how they feel and if there is concern, they should be encouraged to recover or to seek medical advice before they exercise.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Not attend training or competition if they have an infectious illness.
• Inform the club, their coach and other crew members if they are suffering from or recovering from an infectious illness or
are feeling unwell.
• Practise good hygiene (wash hands, disinfect equipment – many gastro-intestinal and upper respiratory tract infections can
be prevented by good basic hygiene).
• If unwell then:
o Refrain from training until they feel they have fully recovered. See Safety Alert – Returning to fitness after covid
o Follow medical advice about how much exercise is appropriate.
o Withdraw from competition.
• Look after other club members - if they look unwell ask them how they are feeling and, if they are not well, encourage
them to rest.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Encourage members to refrain from training and competing when unwell.
• Avoid putting pressure on member to compete when unwell.
• Make members aware when there is a danger of passing on infectious diseases.
• Provide hand washing/cleansing facilities.
• Provide disinfection materials for cleaning equipment.
• Encourage member to seek and follow medical advice when appropriate.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Check that rowers are fit to row.
• Encourage rowers to refrain from training and competition when unwell.
• Avoid putting pressure on rowers to compete when unwell. See Safety Alert – Returning to fitness after covid
• Take account of rowers’ known health issues when training or planning training programmes.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

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Further Information
• RowSafe 8.6.1 - Common Illness and Diseases
• RowSafe 8.6.2 - Chronic Conditions and Diseases
• RowSafe 8.6.3 – Asthma
Safety Alert – Returning to fitness after covid - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Safety-Alert-Returning-to-
fitness-after-Covid-January-2022.pdf
•

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8.6.1. Common Illnesses
From time to time most people suffer from common illnesses like gastroenteritis and respiratory disease. Here are some general
guidelines:
• If you don’t feel well, do not exercise to make yourself feel better.
• If you are unwell and wish to train or compete, you should seek medical advice.
• If you are uncertain, do not train or compete.
Rowing is a team sport - look after your fellow rowers. If they look unwell, ask them if they are feeling well and, if necessary,
encourage them not to row.
There are two common illnesses that require particular care:
• Gastroenteritis (Diarrhoea and Vomiting), and
• Respiratory disease.

Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis is extremely contagious and can be passed on readily and rapidly if adequate precautions are not observed.
People who have gastroenteritis (the symptoms are diarrhoea and vomiting) should avoid mixing with friends and colleagues until
they have fully recovered. They should take full hygiene precautions (such as hand washing) to limit cross-infection risks.
It is recommended to avoid exercise immediately following gastroenteritis as this can lead to myocarditis, an inflammation of the
heart.
People who have gastroenteritis should:
• Not exercise until 48 hours after all the symptoms have disappeared and their appetite has returned.
• Withdraw from training and competition.
• Practise good hygiene (wash hands, disinfect equipment).
• Not put themselves and others in their crew at risk - be socially aware.
• If their symptoms persist, seek medical advice.

Respiratory Disease - Such as colds and coughs

People who are suffering from respiratory disease such as colds and coughs:
• Should not exercise if they have difficulty breathing when exercising.
• If their symptoms persist, then they should seek medical advice.
Viral illnesses can make the symptoms of asthma worse. Rowers, and others, who use an asthma inhaler may have to submit a
Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE), if they need to exceed the daily maximum dose. Check the advice on asthma (See RowSafe
8.6.3) and check medications using GlobalDro.

General Illness
People who are feeling generally unwell should:
• Limit or withdraw from training.
• Consider whether they are fit to row.
• Not return to training until they are fully recovered.
• If they continue to feel unwell, seek medical advice.
• Follow the medical advice given
Remember, if you train or compete when feeling unwell, even from a minor illness, then you will not perform to your best potential
and thereby you will let down your rowing colleagues. If you are unwell during training or competition and require emergency
medical treatment this will cause serious concern and alarm amongst your colleagues. It may even put your colleagues at risk.

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Further Information
• RowSafe 8.6.3 - Asthma
• UK Anti-Doping: www.ukad.org.uk
• Checking Medications: www.globaldro.com

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8.6.2. Chronic Conditions and Diseases
Rowing can help people who suffer from a chronic condition or disease to maintain and improve their health. There is more
information in Rowing and Health.
Rowers may need medical advice to help them to determine how they can safely exercise with their illness. Medical advice is
individual and personal. It would be wrong to copy or extrapolate from what other people have been told and to take medicines
prescribed for someone else.
Clubs and competitions often ask members and participants if they have any medical issues that may affect their safety and the safety
of others. It is not necessary to provide details of any conditions, this information is confidential, but it would be appropriate to share
information about what type or extent of activity would be helpful and any that may be harmful.
This will help clubs and coaches to keep rowers safe.

Cardiac Disease
People who suffer from cardiac disease (including hypertension) that may compromise their rowing or training, are advised to seek
medical advice from a Cardiac Specialist, Sports Medicine Doctor or Sport Physiotherapist, and to follow this advice. These specialists
can advise on how much exercise should be undertaken, the limiting factors and on fitness to row or train.
When exercising, rowers should monitor:
• Their heart rate, and
• The effects of different types of exercise. For example, the reaction to longer steady state exercise compared with short
sprint type exercise.
Tolerance to exercise can be built over a period of time.
Some people with heart disease have an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) - a small defibrillator implanted into the chest
wall. Rowers with an ICD are not required to disclose this but should consider doing so. It could help if their coach and fellow crew
members know what may happen if it self-activates and what, if anything, they should do.

Joint Injury or Illness

Rowers who are suffering from joint injury or illness should seek specialist advice on how to rest and exercise to avoid further injury.
This particularly applies to weight training. Although rowing and indoor rowing are not weight bearing exercises, it is still possible to
injure joints.

Epilepsy
It is important to avoid being on the water until the risk of further seizures has become tolerable. Seizures of either a crew member
or cox may put that person or others at risk of serious injury.
Rowers, coaches (driving launches) and coxswains with epilepsy should not be allowed on the water when there is a possibility of
further seizures placing themselves and others at significant risk.
In line with the recommendations of the DVLA, this period of significant risk is defined as within one year following a seizure, and for
six months whilst reducing medication or stopping medication. In these cases, where there is significant risk of further seizures,
rowers, coaches (driving launches) and coxswains should not be allowed on the water, except where there is a special individualised
risk assessment of the individual and the competition.
Asleep seizures (nocturnal seizures) are seizures that occur whilst falling asleep, when asleep, or on waking up. Rowers, launch drivers
and coxswains who have an asleep seizure should not row, drive a launch or cox until they are seizure-free for one year.
Those who continue to have only asleep seizures should contact their General Practitioner or medical specialist to be assessed as to
their suitability to row, drive a launch or cox.

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In certain circumstances awake seizures may not affect consciousness, attention and the ability to act in any situation, nor cause any
functional impairment. Rowers, launch drivers and coxswains who have awake seizures where they:
• remain fully conscious during the seizures;
• the seizures do not impair or stop the individual functioning normally;
• have only ever had awake seizures;
• have never had a seizure that affects their consciousness, attention and ability to act in any situation;
• may be permitted to row or cox following medical review.
Clubs and rowing facilities should be informed that:
• an individual has had epilepsy
• a suitable period of time has elapsed since the last seizure
• medical consultation has taken place
The club/rowing facility should risk assess the situation and develop an action plan with the individual to manage a seizure, with
appropriate medical advice where required.
There is no restriction to indoor rowing. Clubs and rowing facilities should be made aware of the possibility of seizures in an
individual. The club/rowing facility should risk assess the situation and develop an action plan with the individual to manage a seizure.

Asthma
Asthma is common amongst athletes, even elite athletes. The general advice is:
• To take the prescribed inhaler just before exercise (although the initial effect is dilation of the bronchi this can last for three
to four hours).
• To always carry the prescribed inhaler in the boat (or close by in the gym) so that symptoms can be treated without delay.
• To warm up and cool down carefully and effectively, especially in hot, dry dusty or ‘asthma inducing ambient weather’.
• To minimise exercise with upper respiratory tract infections (such as colds and flu) as this will hasten the onset and make
the asthma worse.
Care should be taken to check that the normal use of the inhaler complies with UK Anti-Doping rules. Increased dosing may require
a Therapeutic Use Exemption. (see RowSafe 8.6.3).

Diabetes
There is an article based on an interview with Sir Steve Redgrave. There is more information on the Diabetes UK website and the
National Health Service website.
See also the Safety Alert - Diabetes and launch driving

Further Information
• Rowing and Health - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Rowing-Health-014-v1.3- Website.pdf
• Advice on Epilepsy - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/health-and-fitness/rowing-and-epilepsy
• RowSafe 8.6.3 - Asthma
• Sir Steve Redgrave on diabetes - bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/8095622.stm
• Diabetes UK - diabetes.org.uk
• NHS - Diabetes - nhs.uk/Conditions/Diabetes/Pages/Diabetes.aspx
• Safety Alert - Diabetes and launch driving, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-
Diabetes-and-Launch-Driving.pdf

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8.6.3. Asthma
Asthma is common, affecting 5.4 million people or one in eight people in the UK. It is most common in children, but also affects
about a quarter of all elite athletes. Asthma does result in 1,200 people dying per year, but if managed correctly asthma should not
be a barrier to a normal life or participation in sport.
The diagnosis of asthma is usually made by the GP, and treated with a variety of prescription inhalers – often a blue “reliever” and/or
a brown “preventer”. It is important to comply with the medication prescribed and to liaise with healthcare professionals if
symptoms persist. It is important to remember that particularly for asthma, prevention is easier than cure.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Recognise the symptoms of an asthma attack.
• Know how to support a person who is suffering from an asthma attack.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Review the information below and communicate it to their members.
• Discuss it with their coaches, particularly coaches of juniors.
• Display relevant information wherever it will be most helpful.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Be aware of exercise induced and seasonal asthma.
• Ensure that all asthmatic rowers carry their inhalers on the water in a dry bag.
• Recognise the symptoms of an asthma attack and the difference between asthma and hyperventilation.
• Be aware of the Asthma Recovery Position.
• Understand how to support a person having an asthma attack.
• Know how to access help.

Rowers with Asthma

Rowers with asthma are expected to:
• Carry their relieving inhaler at all times.
• Take the prescribed inhaler just before exercise (although the initial effect is dilation of the bronchi this can last for three to
four hours).
• Always carry the prescribed inhaler in the boat (or close by in the gym) so that symptoms can be treated without delay.
• Warm up and cool down carefully and effectively, especially in hot, dry dusty or ‘asthma inducing ambient weather’.
• Minimise exercise with upper respiratory tract infections (such as colds and flu) as this will hasten the onset and make the
asthma worse.
• Ensure that coaches and fellow rowers are aware of their condition and how best to manage it.
• Attend regular asthma reviews as advised by their GP.
• Check that their medication complies with UK Anti-Doping rules and follow the guidelines for applying for a Therapeutic
Use Exemption if the dose schedule is exceeded.

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Further Information
• WADA - www.wada-ama.org
• Asthma UK - asthma.org.uk
• St John Ambulance - sja.org.uk/sja/first-aid- advice/illnesses-and- conditions/asthma-attack.aspx
• Netdoctor - Asthma brought on by exercise - netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/asthma_exercise.htm
• UK Anti-Doping - www.ukad.org.uk
• Checking Medications - www.globaldro.com
• UK Anti Doping Rules - http://www.ukad.org.uk/resources/document/uk-anti-doping-rules
• Guidelines for applying for a Therapeutic Use Exemption - https://www.ukad.org.uk/tue-application

Recognition Features
• Difficulty in breathing, with trouble exhaling.
• Wheezing as the casualty breathes out.
• Difficulty speaking and whispering.
• Distress and anxiety.
• Coughing.
• Features of hypoxia, such as a grey-blue tinge to the lips, earlobes and nailbeds (cyanosis).

Treatment
Your aims during an asthma attack are to ease the breathing and, if necessary, get medical help.
• You need to keep the casualty calm and reassure them.
• Keep them upright
• Do not leave them alone.
• If they have a blue reliever inhaler, then encourage them to use it. Children may have a spacer device and you should
encourage them to use that with their inhaler also. It should relieve the attack within a few minutes.
• You can improvise a spacer device using a polystyrene cup if necessary.
• Encourage the casualty to breathe slowly and deeply.
• Encourage the casualty to sit in a position that they find most comfortable, often leaning forward with arms resting on a
table or the back of a chair. Do not lie the casualty down.
• A mild asthma attack should ease within a few minutes but if it doesn’t encourage the casualty to use their inhaler again.
• The casualty may take one or two puffs of their inhaler every two minutes, up to a maximum of 10 puffs.

If this is the first attack, or if the attack is severe and any one of the following occurs:
• The inhaler has no effect.
• The casualty is becoming worse.
• Breathlessness makes talking difficult.
• The casualty is becoming exhausted.

Dial 999 (or 112) for an ambulance.

• Monitor and record the breathing and pulse rate every 10 minutes.

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If the patient becomes unresponsive open the airway and check their breathing and be prepared to give emergency aid.

If the symptoms improve quickly then:

• Continue to sit with them until they are feeling completely well and can go back to previous activity.

If the casualty is a child or vulnerable adult then:

• Contact their parents or carers as appropriate and inform them about the situation.

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8.7. What To Do If Someone Collapses
Would you know what to do if someone collapsed and was unresponsive? How can you prepare for this situation?
Someone who has collapsed, is unresponsive and not breathing normally, is likely to have no heartbeat. It is vital to summon help and
start chest compressions immediately.
There is British Rowing guidance, produced by the Medical Panel, available here. This includes the following:-
“The three key factors in the pre-hospital phase are:
1. Early recognition and a call for help – to prevent cardiac arrest
2. Early CPR (chest compressions) – to buy time
3. Early defibrillation – to restart the heart”
Clubs are advised to review the Medical Panel guidance and consider the need for an AED to be available in the club.
Advice from the Resuscitation Council UK states that “the victim’s chance of survival falls by around 7 - 10% with every minute that
defibrillation is delayed”. There is a similar statement from the Department for Education.
There is also a statement that “Survival rates for people who had a rhythm that could be treated by a shock from the defibrillator,
were 53% following intervention by bystanders.” from the National Institute for Health Research.
Finally it is important to emphasise that it is the combination of chest compressions and AED that produces success not AED alone.
So it is essential to deliver good chest compressions until an AED can be sourced.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Read and understand notices displayed in your club showing:
o How to call 999 for an ambulance and provide directions so that the ambulance can respond to your location quickly
and easily.
o How to perform hands only Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
o Where to find an Automatic External Defibrillator (AED), if there is one nearby.
• Watch the British Heart Foundation (BHF) videos that show what to do if someone collapses (these videos can also be
found by searching YouTube for “cpr vinnie” and “cpr mini vinnie”).
• Download the BHF Pocket CPR app for Android and practise CPR.
• Complete the Lifesaver online learning.
• Attend CPR training if it is available and read the Safety Alert on “What to do if someone collapses in a boat”.
• Study the Staying Alive Safety Alert.
• Be aware that the casualty will need further assessment and advanced medical care and must be taken to hospital, even if
they appear to have recovered.

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Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Provide detailed information on how to call 999 for an ambulance and their club’s location and access points by road.
• Encourage members to learn what to do if someone collapses.
• Provide training and learning opportunities for resuscitation and First Aid.
• Display information on resuscitation.
• Display a notice on the front door of the club, and elsewhere, saying where it is kept if the club has an AED.
• Display information showing how to retrieve one if the club does not have an AED, and if there is one nearby.
• Offer support and counselling to anyone who has was present when someone collapsed. Further information is available
from NHS Choices and help may be available from a General Practitioner, the NHS, Samaritans and ChildLine.

Although AEDs are expensive, they are emergency medical devices and should be readily accessible, and not
locked in cupboards. There is often charitable support that enables clubs to acquire them at a reduced cost.
(see the Safety Alert Get Help to buy your own AED).

Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Ensure that they have an adequate number of appropriately trained Healthcare Professionals and First Aiders available.
• Have the ability to call 999 and the Emergency Services, especially in areas of poor mobile phone reception.
• Provide detailed information of the competition’s location and access points by road.
• Display a notice saying where it is kept if the competition has an Automatic External Defibrillator (AED). It should be made
available to the Healthcare Professionals and First Aiders attending the competition.
• Display information showing how one nearby can be retrieved if the competition does not have an AED.
• Ensure that all umpires and boating staff understand the rescue and medical facilities and how to use them.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Set an example by ensuring that they are fully competent to assist with a person who has collapsed.
• Encourage participants to learn how to assist with a person who has collapsed.
• Practise retrieval of collapsed rowers from boats.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

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Further Information
• British Heart Foundation - Hands-only CPR - bhf.org.uk/heart-health/how-to-save-a-life/hands-only-cpr
• BHF Pocket CPR (Android) - https://apkpure.com/bhf-pocketcpr/com.pocketcpr.pocbhf
• Safety Alert - Staying alive - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Safety-Alert-Staying-Alive-FINAL.pdf
• Lifesaver online learning at https://life-saver.org.uk/
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• How to call an ambulance to the site (see Calling an ambulance section)
• NHS - Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTD) - nhs.uk/conditions/Post-traumatic-stress-disorder/Pages/Introduction.aspx and
NHS - Can I get free therapy or counselling? - nhs.uk/conditions/stress-anxiety-depression/pages/free-therapy-or-
counselling.aspx
• Samaritans - samaritans.org
• Safety Alert - What to do if someone collapses in a boat - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-
content/uploads/2019/02/Safety-Alert-What-to-do-if-a-rower-collapses-in-a-boat.pdf
• Cardiac arrest care in rowing - https://www.britishrowing.org/2018/05/cardiac-arrest-care
• ChildLine - childline.org.uk
• Safety Alert – Get help to buy your own AED - Safety-Alert-Get-help-to-buy-your-own-AED-July-2021.pdf
(britishrowing.org)

Procedure
What to do if someone collapses, is unresponsive and not breathing normally
If you are on your own:
• Check that you are safe and shout for help.
• Start doing chest compressions to the rhythm of “Staying Alive”.
• Call 999.
o Ask for ambulance
o Keep the phone line open
o Put the phone on speaker
• Try to keep doing chest compressions while answering the call centre’s questions.
• Keep doing the chest compressions until help arrives.

If you do not know or are uncertain how to perform chest compressions, then the call centre will take you through the procedure.
If there are two or more persons present:
• Person 1
o Call 999 and ask for an ambulance
o Answer the call centre’s questions
o Leave the phone line open
o Put the phone on speaker
o Get the AED if one is available
• Person 2
o Do chest compressions to the rhythm of “Staying Alive”
• When you have finished talking to the call centre, you can both:
o Share chest compressions until help arrives
o Use the AED if available

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Automatic External Defibrillators (AED)
If an AED is available:
• Call for help.
• Start chest compressions.
• Get or send someone for the AED.
• When the AED has arrived:
o Switch on the AED
o Follow the instructions from the AED while continuing with chest compressions

If CPR or an AED is used then the casualty will need further assessment and advanced medical care and must be taken to hospital,
even if they appear to have recovered.

Internal Defibrillators
Some people have an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) which activates automatically if their heart stops. People with an
ICD, do not have to tell anyone as this is confidential medical information. However, it could help others to help them if they explain
what happens if the ICD is activated and what others should do to help.
If someone with an ICD has collapsed and is unresponsive, react as described above. It is safe to do chest compressions and you may
see the casualty ‘jump’ as an internal shock is delivered. Call 999 for an ambulance and apply an AED if available and follow the
instructions. It is important to follow routine cardiac arrest procedures and not to assume that the ICD is functioning.

Calling an Ambulance
If you need an ambulance:
• Call 999 or 112. In the UK, the service is identical.
• Ask for Ambulance.
• Stay on the phone.
• Give your phone number when requested in case of accidental disconnection.
• If you are using a mobile phone, make sure you stay where there is a signal.
• You may be asked for the following information:
o Age and gender of the casualty
o Medical history (you may not know this)
o Time of incident
o What happened
o Injuries or symptoms of the casualty
o Vital signs - are they breathing, conscious, bleeding
o Where the casualty is
o What treatment have they received

You will receive advice from the call taker as to how to perform resuscitation, if necessary, or how best to manage the casualty until
the emergency services arrive.
You will need to give the emergency services directions to reach the casualty quickly and easily. If the location is difficult to find or
does not have a specific address, the emergency services may need more than an address and post code to find it, such as “it has
blue gates, it’s behind St. Mary’s Church”.
Your club should display posters showing how to contact the emergency services and containing directions. Competition Organisers
should ensure that umpires, race officials and other personnel have this information for the competition venue. If possible, the club or
Competition Organisers should check these directions with the emergency services to ensure that they can be understood by
someone who is not familiar with the location.

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9. Topics Covered in Risk Assessments
The process of undertaking risk assessments can be made simpler by considering the various topics. This section of RowSafe
identifies those topics, gives some general guidance and outlines some potential Hazards, Barriers, Hazardous Events and Controls.
Risk Management Plans are a step in developing a Risk Assessment. They list Hazards and possible Hazardous Events, together with
Barriers (to reduce the probability of a Hazardous Event occurring) and Controls (to reduce the severity of harm should a
Hazardous Event occur).
These terms are explained in the safety of online learning modules on Safety Basics and Advanced Risk Assessment.
These topics are:
9.1 Weather 122
9.2 The Rowing Environment 127
9.3 The Water 131
9.4 Other Water Users 136
9.5 Going Afloat and Landing 140
9.6 In and Around the Boathouse 144
9.7 Faulty, Incorrectly Set and Poorly Maintained Equipment 147
9.8 Pre-existing Health Conditions and Low Levels of Fitness 151
9.9 Ocean Rowing Risk Management Plan 154
9.10 Rowing in Floods 158
9.11 Indoor Rowing 162

Further Information
• Safety Basics - https://www.rowhow.org/course/view.php?id=194
• Advanced Risk Assessment - https://www.rowhow.org/course/view.php?id=201

9. Topics Covered in Risk Assessments

DISCLAIMER: RowSafe provides general guidance to clubs and their members on safe practice in rowing. It is however the responsibility of each
club to maintain up-to-date risk assessments and define and monitor its own safety practices, guidance and procedures specific to its environment
and activities, which clubs shall ensure are made known to their members and members shall comply with the same.

Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the medical and other similar information and guidance in this manual is accurate and reflective of best
practice at the time of publication, it is the user’s responsibility to ensure that such information and guidance is up-to-date before acting upon it.
British Rowing accepts no responsibility for the content of third party websites accessed through links in this publication. 120
9.1. Weather
Rowing activities are affected by the current local conditions. It is important to know about the expected weather conditions at the
time of an outdoor activity. These conditions include wind strength and direction, visibility, temperature, and precipitation. These
considerations should be incorporated into the Risk Assessment.
Clubs and Competitions should register for Met Office weather warnings.
Please note that in the event of Lightning rowers are particularly vulnerable as they are often in wide open spaces where they are
the highest thing around.
• If you are on water, get into shelter as quickly as possible; water will transmit strikes from further away. Proximity to water
is a common factor in lightning strikes.
• Find shelter inside a large building or a motor vehicle. The inside of a car is safe as lightning will spread over the metal of the
vehicle before earthing through the tyres.
Do not shelter beneath tall or isolated trees, one in four people struck by lightning are sheltering under trees. See the Safety Alert
on Lightning.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Learn about local weather peculiarities.
• Be aware of personal limitations, rules and guidelines associated with the weather conditions.
• Assess the weather for the duration and type of outing they are undertaking.
• Respect the individual concerns and capabilities of other crew members if boating in adverse conditions.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Set out rules and guidelines for outings covering:
o Local weather conditions.
o Assessment of unsafe rowing conditions by boat type and rowers’ abilities to include:
• Weather, including lightning.
• Temperature.
o Persons authorised to allow, restrict or stop boating activities.
• Provide information to members as appropriate.
• Implement a process to inform members what activities are currently restricted.
• Amend Risk Assessments and Safety Plans to take account of any advice or direction provided by local navigation or other
relevant water authority relating to local weather conditions.
• Adopt the 30:30 rule on lightning.
• Suspend or curtail boating activities where the conditions are assessed as unsafe.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Learn about local weather peculiarities, and local rules of navigation particularly when visiting unfamiliar venues.
• Assess the weather conditions for the duration and type of outing they are leading.
• Amend outing plans to take account of any updated advice relating to local weather conditions.
• Consider each crew member’s personal limitations, limitations of their equipment and safety facilities available.
• Respect the individual concerns and capabilities of all crew members if boating in adverse conditions.
• Ensure that the whole crew is aware of, and understands, the rules and guidelines for the activity being undertaken.

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 • Ensure that the whole crew, including the coxswain, is suitably dressed and adequately protected for the weather conditions
(wet, hot or cold) that they are likely to encounter.
• Adopt the 30:30 rule on lightning.
• Understand the causes, symptoms and effects of hypothermia and hyperthermia.

Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Establish a process to inform participants of any activities that are currently restricted.
• Ensure there are facilities for competitors, support staff and officials to cope with the expected weather conditions.
• Monitor the weather conditions leading up to and throughout the competition.
• Provide information to competitors covering:
o Local weather conditions.
o Procedure to stop or suspend racing in total or by class of competition.
• Amend Risk Assessments and Safety Plans to take account of any advice or direction provided by local navigation or other
relevant water authority relating to local weather conditions.
• Ensure that rules and guidelines are observed.
• Suspend or curtail the competition if conditions are assessed as unsafe.
• Establish a boating schedule that ensures that there are no long periods of exposure to cold or hot weather.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Review incidents in the region.
• Provide advice to clubs and competitions on safety.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• Safety Alert - Cold Water Kills, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-Cold-Water-Kills-
1.pdf
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• The 30:30 rule on lightning - http://www.rospa.com/leisure-safety/advice/lightning/
• Cold Water and Hypothermia online learning module - https://www.rowhow.org/course/view.php?id=165
• Registration for Met Office weather warnings - https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/guide-to-emails

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Example Risk Management Plan
Hazards associated with the weather

Barriers Hazardous Controls

Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Hot sunny weather • Avoid outings in the middle of the Hyperthermia • Move into a cooler area, remove
day (sun stroke) outer clothing
• Adjust activity levels to suit • Use shower with cool, not cold,
conditions water or cool in river/lake
• Rest in shade (e.g. under bridges, in • Seek medical treatment if severe
the shade of a tree)
• Wear appropriate clothing (thin,
breathable)
• Use water for cooling

• Use sunscreen Sunburn • Use after sun cream

• Avoid outings in the middle of the • Seek medical treatment if severe
day
• Wear appropriate clothing (hat and
covered arms, etc.)

• Carry water and drink regularly Dehydration • Continue to drink, carry drinking
water
• Seek medical treatment if severe

Cold weather • Wear appropriate clothing (including Hypothermia • Move into warmer area and warm
hats and pogies) (see Cold Water gradually
and Hypothermia
• Structure activity levels to keep warm • Provide warm (not hot) drink
online course and
• Monitor crew comfort (particularly Safety Alert - Cold • Seek medical treatment if severe or if
coxes) Water Kills) in doubt
• Shorten outing as needed
• Use coxless rather than coxed boats

• Training and capsize/man overboard Cold shock • Training

drills • Rescue training
• Good explanations of cold shock and
its short term effects.

• Avoid rowing at times or in places Ice causing inability • Use throw lines and launch to tow
where significant ice is expected. to row or boat boat clear of ice
damage
Strong winds • Use larger boats (4x rather than 1x) Capsize • Rescue with launch
• Use more stable boats • Teach capsize drill and buddy rescue
• Fit stabilisers (adaptive rowing floats) technique
to boats • Use lifejacket or buoyancy aid
• Have mixed crews (Mix
juniors/inexperienced rowers with
more experienced rowers)
• Coach good technique
• Avoid holding crews in unstable
positions

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 Barriers Hazardous Controls
Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

• Restrict rowing to sheltered areas Man overboard • Rescue with gig

from gig
• Have mixed crews (Mix • Rescue with safety boat
Juniors/inexperienced rowers with • Teach man overboard drill
more experienced rowers)
• Wear lifejacket or buoyancy aid
• Carry life ring and throwline

• Avoid being upwind of hazards Blown into bank, • Have safety boat and throw lines
(circulation plan?) pontoon, bridge, available to rescue rowers and
shallows, etc. recover boat
• Keep a good look out
• Use coxed rather than coxless boats • Use throw lines from the bank to pull
the boat clear.
• Avoid being close to the downwind
bank • Carry first aid kit and radio or mobile
phone to contact emergency services
• Have trained first aiders available

• Stay upwind of the boathouse Cannot get back to • Have a safety boat available for
boathouse against towing
• Use larger, faster boats (4x rather
the wind
than 1x) • Land boat somewhere else and carry
• Mix Juniors with experienced, fit it back await improved conditions
adults

• Use anchor to hold position Drifting in strong • Carry tow rope for being towed to
winds safety
• Row in sheltered areas

Lightning • Avoid rowing when lightning is Struck by lightning • Treat with First Aid
present or forecast causing burns
• Call an ambulance and evacuate to
or electrocution.
• Get off the water asap if lightning hospital
starts
• Adopt the 30:30 rule on lightning

Poor visibility • Avoid rowing far from land when fog Collision with the • Train rowers to check the equipment
caused by fog is present or forecast bank or other fixed then (if OK) to walk the boat back
or very heavy object into deeper water and row away
• Coach scullers and steers persons to
rain keep a good lookout • Train rowers what to do if the
• Local knowledge equipment is damaged
• Know and understand the lights and • Have safety boat and throw lines
sound signals on navigation marks available to rescue rowers and
recover boat
• At sea, avoid rowing in poor visibility
• Use throw lines from the bank to pull
the boat into the bank (or shallow
water)
• Carry first aid kit and radio or mobile
phone to contact emergency services
• Have trained first aiders available

• Avoid rowing far from land when fog Collision with • Have safety boat and throw lines
is present or forecast another boat available to rescue rowers and
• Coach scullers and steers persons to recover boat
keep a good lookout and listen out
for other boats

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 Barriers Hazardous Controls
Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

• Follow rules of the road (river) • Use throw lines from the bank to pull
• Local knowledge the boat into the bank (or shallow
water)
• Know and understand the lights and
sound signals used by other vessels. • Carry first aid kit and radio or mobile
phone to contact emergency services
• At sea, check for large ship
movements with VTS or port control • Have correctly fitted backstays on
the forward port and starboard rigger
• At sea avoid rowing in poor visibility as these tend to reduce the severity
of impacts with the rigger
• Have trained first aiders available

Poor visibility • Avoid rowing far from land when fog Inability to find way • Use radio or other means to contact
caused by fog is present or forecast back the navigation authority or club
or very heavy • Avoid rowing in fog or when fog is • Use navigation lights to make boat
rain
forecast easier to find

Poor visibility • Avoid rowing in dark areas Collision with the • Train rowers to check the equipment
caused by darkness bank or other fixed then (if OK) to walk the boat back
• Safety boat in attendance with
object into deeper water and row away
spotlights
• Know and understand the lights and • Train rowers what to do if the
sound signals on navigation marks equipment is damaged
• Avoid rowing or sculling without a • Have safety boat and throw lines
cox in darkness available to rescue rowers and
recover boat
• At sea, avoid rowing in darkness
• Use throw lines from the bank to pull
the boat into the bank (or shallow
water)

• Fit navigation lights(and check that Collision with • Carry first aid kit and radio or mobile
they are working) another boat phone to contact emergency services
• Avoid rowing in dark areas • Have trained first aiders available
• Safety boat in attendance with • Have safety boat and throw lines
spotlights available to rescue rowers and
• Know and understand the lights and recover boat
sound signals used by other vessels • Use throw lines from the bank to pull
• Avoid rowing or sculling without a the boat into the bank (or shallow
cox in darkness water)
• At sea, avoid rowing in the darkness • Carry first aid kit and radio or mobile
phone to contact emergency services
• Have trained first aiders available

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9.2. The Rowing Environment
Rowing activities are affected by the current local conditions. It is important to understand the local environment, including local
hazards and the circulation plan and also to take account of current conditions like temporary hazards and changes to the circulation
plan. These considerations should be incorporated into the Risk Assessment.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Learn about local hazards, local rules of navigation and
navigation marks particularly when visiting unfamiliar venues.
• Be aware of personal limitations and the local conditions, rules
and guidelines.
• Respect the individual concerns and capabilities of other crew
members if boating in adverse conditions.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Set out rules and guidelines for outings covering:
o Local navigation rules.
o Assessment of unsafe rowing conditions by boat type and
rowers’ abilities to include:
• Current/stream and tides.
• Rowing or sculling in the dark or in poor visibility
including lighting requirements.
o Persons authorised to allow, restrict or stop boating
activities.
• Provide information to members as appropriate.
• Implement a process to inform members what activities are
currently restricted.
• Set up a communication network with the local navigation
authority and communicate relevant information to members.
• Agree restrictions on boating activities with other water users.
• Ensure that rules and guidelines are observed.
• Suspend or curtail boating activities where the conditions are
assessed as unsafe.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Learn about local hazards, local rules of navigation and Learn about rules of navigation
navigation marks particularly when visiting unfamiliar venues. © Richard Palmer

• Consider each crew member’s personal limitations, limitations

of their equipment and safety facilities available.
• Respect the individual concerns and capabilities of all crew members if boating in adverse conditions.
• Ensure that the whole crew is aware of, and understands, the rules and guidelines for the activity being undertaken.

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Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Establish a process to inform participants of any activities that are currently restricted.
• Provide information to competitors covering local navigation rules.
• Ensure that rules and guidelines are observed.
• Suspend or curtail the competition if conditions are assessed as unsafe.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Facilitate contact between local clubs and navigation authorities in relation to local hazards.
• Review incidents in the region.
• Provide advice to clubs and competitions on safety.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive

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Example Risk Management Plan
Hazards associated with the local environment

Barriers Hazardous Controls

Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Bends in river or • Coach scullers and steers persons to Collision with bank • Train rowers to check the equipment
lake keep a good lookout then (if OK) to walk the boat back
• Coach good steering into deeper water and row away
• Coxed rather than coxless • Train rowers what to do if the
equipment is damaged
• Circulation plan
• Have safety boat and throw lines
• Lookout on bank or launch available to rescue rowers and
• Local knowledge recover boat
• Use throw lines from the bank to pull
the boat into the bank (or shallow
water)
• Carry first aid kit and radio or mobile
phone to contact emergency services
• Have trained first aiders available

• Coach scullers and steers persons to Collision with • Have safety boat and throw lines
keep a good lookout another boat on the available to rescue rowers and
water recover boat
• Coach good steering
• Coxed rather than coxless • Use throw lines from the bank to pull
the boat into the bank (or shallow
• Circulation plan water)
• Follow rules of the road (river) • Carry first aid kit and radio or mobile
• Lookout on bank or launch phone to contact emergency services
• Local knowledge • Have trained first aiders available

Stationary • Coach scullers and steers persons to Collision with a • Have safety boat and throw lines
objects in or keep a good lookout stationary object on available to rescue rowers and
near the water e.g. the water recover boat
• Coach good steering
bridge,
• Coxed rather than coxless • Use throw lines from the bank to pull
pontoon,
the boat into the bank (or shallow
overhanging trees, • Circulation plan water)
locks,
• Follow rules of the road (river) • Carry first aid kit and radio or mobile
moored boats,
buoys, rocks, shoals, • Lookout on bank or launch phone to contact emergency services
shallows, other • Local knowledge • Have trained first aiders available
submerged objects,
• Understand the meaning of local • On gigs, carry a tow line to tow the
etc.
navigation marks (e.g. buoys, etc.) boat to safety
• Rescue gig crew and tow boat to
safety

• As above + Swept or blown • Use Rescue boat and throw-lines

into stationary
• Avoid being upstream or upwind of • Evacuate crew to land
object on the
the stationary object. • On gigs, carry a tow line to tow the
water
boat to safety
• Rescue gig crew and tow boat to
safety

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 Barriers Hazardous Controls
Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Weirs & sluices • Ensure that weirs and sluices are Swept over weirs • Use Rescue boat and throw-lines
marked on local maps or through sluices • Evacuate crew to land
• Keep well upstream of warning
markers
• Keep further clear in strong stream
conditions

Steep banks or • Avoid areas with steep banks or high Unable to land from • Have safety boat and throw lines
walls (makes landing walls. boat if capsized, etc. available to rescue rowers and
difficult) or reeds or recover boat
• Practise buddy rescue technique (to
overhanging trees
avoid the need to land) • Teach capsize drill and buddy rescue
extending over a
technique
large length of bank.
• Use lifejacket or buoyancy aid

Reeds or • Avoid stopping upwind of reeds or Blown or swept • Have safety boat and throw lines
overhanging trees overhanging trees into reeds or trees available to tow boat clear
near bank (usually scullers)
• Teach other scullers rescue
technique

Mud flats • Show any mudflats on map Running aground • Have process to get people off
and being unable to mudflats
• Keep clear of mudflats near low tide
get off before
outgoing tide falls

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9.3. The Water
Rowing activities are affected by the current local conditions. It is important to understand the local water conditions, including local
hazards and the circulation plan and also to take account of current conditions in regions where flow speed is high. These
considerations should be incorporated into the Risk Assessment.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Learn about local hazards such as rough water, fast flowing water, areas of shallow water and water borne hazards, local
rules of navigation and navigation marks particularly when visiting unfamiliar venues.
• Be aware of personal limitations and the local conditions, rules and guidelines.
• Respect the individual concerns and capabilities of other crew members if boating in adverse conditions.
• Understand what measures to take to deal with water that is polluted or where blue-green algae or Weil’s disease is
present (see RowSafe 8.4).

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Set out rules and guidelines for outings covering:
o Local navigation rules.
o Assessment of unsafe rowing conditions by boat type and rowers’ abilities to include:
• Current/stream and tides
• Rough water
• Areas of shallow water
• Pollution, blue-green algae and Weil’s disease
o Persons authorised to allow, restrict or stop boating activities
• Provide information to members as appropriate.
• Implement a process to inform members what activities are currently restricted.
• Set up a communication network with the local navigation authority and communicate relevant information to members.
• Agree restrictions on boating activities with other water users.
• Ensure that rules and guidelines are observed.
• Suspend or curtail boating activities where the conditions are assessed as unsafe.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Learn about local hazards associated with water conditions, local rules of navigation and navigation marks particularly when
visiting unfamiliar venues.
• Consider each crew member’s personal limitations, limitations of their equipment and safety facilities available.
• Respect the individual concerns and capabilities of all crew members if boating in adverse conditions.
• Ensure that the whole crew is aware of, and understands, the rules and guidelines for the activity being undertaken.
• Ensure that the crew understands the procedures to be followed if the water is polluted or blue-green algae or Weil’s
Disease is present.

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Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Establish a process to inform participants of any activities that are currently restricted.
• Provide information to competitors if the water is contaminated.
• Ensure that rules and guidelines are observed.
• Suspend or curtail the competition if conditions are assessed as unsafe.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Review incidents in the region.
• Provide advice to clubs and competitions on safety.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• RowSafe 8.4 - Waterborne Infections and Diseases
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• Cold Water and Hypothermia online learning module - https://www.rowhow.org/course/view.php?id=165
• Information on flow over weirs - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYI67uZkNvQ
• Safety Alert - Cold Water Kills, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-Cold-Water-Kills-
1.pdf
• Safety Alert – Keep clear of Weirs, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Safety-Alert-Keep-clear-of-
Weirs-Dec-2019.pdf
• Safety Alert - Blue-Green Algae, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-blue-green-
algae.pdf

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Example Risk Management Plan
Hazards associated with the water

Barriers Hazardous Controls

Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Rough Water • Use larger boats (4x rather than 1x) Capsize • Rescue with launch
• Use more stable boats • Teach capsize drill and buddy rescue
• Fit stabilisers (adaptive rowing floats) technique
to boats • Use Lifejacket or buoyancy aid
• Have mixed crews (Mix Juniors/
inexperienced rowers with more
experienced rowers)
• Coach good technique
• Avoid holding crews in unstable
positions
• Restrict rowing to sheltered areas

• Avoid areas of rough water Swamping • Have safety boat and throw lines
• Fit wash boards available to rescue rowers and
recover boat
• Use a bailer to prevent water
accumulation • Use throw lines from the bank to pull
the boat into the bank (or shallow
water)
• Row or tow boat to shore then carry
or tow empty boat to boathouse or
relaunch and row back
• Adequate boat buoyancy

• Restrict rowing to sheltered waters Man overboard • Rescue with gig

from gig
• Have mixed crews (Mix • Rescue with safety boat
juniors/inexperienced rowers with • Teach man overboard drill
more experienced rowers)
• Wear lifejacket or buoyancy aid
• Carry life ring and throwline
• Inflate lifejacket.

Rough Water • Avoid rowing in rough water. Swamping or • Operate a buddy systems and rescue
capsize of a Gig with another gig.
• Take extra care approaching the
(traditional wooden
shore where the shallowness of • Rescue with a safety boat
gigs have very little
water increases the wave height. • If necessary, call the coastguard and
inherent buoyancy)
• Do not allow the gig to become request lifeboat support.
beam-on to the waves. • Fit boats with buoyancy bags to
provide extra buoyancy and stay with
the boat until rescued.
• Tow the boat back to the shore.

Fast Flowing water • Avoid being upstream of hazards Swept over weir or • Use Rescue boat and throw-lines
(circulation plan?) into bridge,
• Evacuate crew to land
pontoon, shallows,
• Keep a good look out
etc.
• Use coxed rather than coxless boats

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 Barriers Hazardous Controls
Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

• Stay upstream of the boathouse Cannot get back to • Have a safety boat available for
boathouse against towing
• Use larger, faster boats (4x rather
stream
than 1x) • Land boat somewhere else and carry
• Mix Juniors with experienced, fit it back await improved conditions
adults

Areas of Shallow • Provide information on areas of Grounding • Train rowers to check the equipment
water (permanent shallow water then (if OK) to walk the boat back
or tidal) into deeper water and row away
• Avoid areas of shallow water hazards
(circulation plan?) • Train rowers what to do if the
• Keep a good look out equipment is damaged
• Use coxed rather than coxless boats
• Be aware of the tide times and
heights and plan accordingly

Water-borne • Avoid areas that are known to be Pollution (e.g. • Seek medical attention
hazards polluted. animal waste)
• Minimise crew contact with polluted
water
• Wash open wounds, cuts and blisters
properly on return to land and seek
medical attention

• Avoid areas where this is expected Blue Green Algae • Seek medical attention
to be present. (see Safety Alert -
Blue Green Algae)
• Minimise crew contact with water
containing Blue Green Algae

• Avoid areas where this is expected Weil’s disease • Seek medical attention
to be present. (Leptospirosis)
• Coach rowers to understand the
• Cover cuts and abrasions with symptoms and seek immediate
waterproof dressings medical treatment.
• Wash open wounds, cuts and blisters
properly on return to land and seek
medical attention
• Wash thoroughly after outings

Very cold water • Find an alternative activity ashore. Capsize resulting in • Rescue with launch
hypothermia
• Use larger boats (4x rather than 1x) • Teach capsize drill and buddy rescue
(see Cold Water
• Use more stable boats technique
and Hypothermia
• Fit stabilisers (adaptive rowing floats) online course and • Use Lifejacket or buoyancy aid
to boats Safety Alert - Cold • Provide first aid treatments for
Water Kills) hypothermia
• Have mixed crews (Mix Juniors/
inexperienced rowers with more • Move into warmer area and warm
experienced rowers) gradually
• Coach good technique • Provide warm (not hot) drink
• Avoid holding crews in unstable • Seek medical treatment if severe or if
positions in doubt
• Keep rowers close to the clubhouse
or close to the rescue boat.

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 Barriers Hazardous Controls
Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Tides • Check tide times before going afloat Unable to make • Hold position with anchor
way against the tide
• Avoid having to return against a fast- • Carry tow line
flowing tide • Rescue with motorboat

• Check tide times before going afloat Unable to return • Land boat and secure in another
because tide has place, crew walk back
• Avoid having to return against a fast-
gone out
flowing tide • Moor boat and recover crew with
• Have a plan for leaving the boat in a safety boat
secure place

• Check tide times before going afloat Being swept out to • Hold position with anchor
sea or past harbour
• Avoid having to return against a fast- • Carry tow line
entrance
flowing tide • Rescue with motorboat

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9.4. Other Water Users
Rowing activities are affected by other water users such as motorboat users, sailing clubs, canoe clubs and water-skiers. It is
important to know who else uses the local water, what activities they undertake and the hazards that these may present. These
considerations should be incorporated into the Risk Assessment.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Know who uses the local water and the hazards their activities may present, for example anglers on the bank, large or fast
boats creating wash.
• Know and understand the sound signals and lights used by other vessels.
• Be aware of local navigational rules and guidelines put in place to allow different activities to take place safely.
• Respect the needs of other water users.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Set out rules and guidelines for outings covering:
o Local navigation rules.
o Shared use of the water with other water users.
• Provide information to members as appropriate.
• Implement a process to inform members what other activities are taking place.
• Set up a communication network with the local navigation authority and other water users and communicate relevant
information to members.
• Agree restrictions on boating activities with other water users.
• Ensure that rules and guidelines are observed.
• Suspend or curtail boating activities where the conditions are assessed as unsafe.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Know about the activities of other water user and take account of the risks when planning outings.
• Know and understand the sound signals and lights used by other vessels.
• Ensure that the whole crew is aware of, and understands, the rules and guidelines for the activity being undertaken and the
activities of other water users.

Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Coordinate the competition’s activities with organisations representing other water users.
• Establish a process to inform participants of the activities of other water users and any activities that are currently restricted.
• Provide information to competitors covering local navigation rules.
• Ensure that rules and guidelines are observed.
• Suspend or curtail the competition if conditions are assessed as unsafe.

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Regional Rowing Councils
Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Facilitate contact between local clubs and navigation authorities in relation to the shared use of local water.
• Review incidents in the region.
• Provide advice to clubs and competitions on safety.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• Canal and River Trust Boaters Handbook - canalrivertrust.org.uk/enjoy-the-waterways/boating/navigating-the-waterways-
boating/boaters-handbook
• Rowing on the Tideway -https://boatingonthethames.co.uk/rowing-boating-on-the-thames-port-of-london-authority/
• Joint guidance for rowers and canoeists on shared water - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-
content/uploads/2017/03/Guidance-for-Rowers-and-Canoeists-on-shared-water.pdf?41e6e6

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Example Risk Management Plan
Hazards associated with other water users

Barriers Hazardous Controls

Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Wash from large or • Avoid areas where wash is expected Capsize • Rescue with launch
fast boats • Use larger boats (4x rather than 1x) • Teach capsize drill and buddy rescue
or more stable boats if wash is technique
expected • Use Lifejacket or buoyancy aid
• Agreements with other water users
to allocate different areas for
different activities
• Coach crews in how to handle wash.

• Avoid areas where wash is expected Man overboard • Rescue with gig
from gig
• Agreements with other water users • Rescue with launch
to allocate different areas for • Teach man overboard drill
different activities
• Use lifejacket or buoyancy aid
• Coach crews in how to handle wash.
• Carry life ring and throw line

• Avoid areas where wash is expected Swamping • Have safety boat and throw lines
• Use larger boats (4x rather than 1x) available to rescue rowers and
or more stable boats if wash is recover boat
expected • Use throw lines from the bank to pull
• Agreements with other water users the boat into the bank (or shallow
to allocate different areas for water)
different activities • Row or tow boat to shore then carry
• Coach crews in how to handle wash. or tow empty boat to boathouse or
Use a bailer to prevent water relaunch and row back
accumulation • Adequate boat buoyancy

Anglers on the bank • Avoid areas where angling is Entanglement with • Rescue with launch
or in boats expected fishing lines and • Cut fishing lines
contact with hooks
• Agreements with angling clubs, etc. • First aid treatment
different areas or times for different
activities
• Coach crews to be aware of and
avoid the hazard

Vandals on • Avoid areas where this can be Stone throwing • First aid treatment
the bank or expected from vandals on the
• Mark and quarantine damaged
bridges bank or bridges
• Notify the Police to prevent further equipment until it is repaired
occurrences

Incompetent or • Avoid areas where this can be Collision or • Have safety boat and throw lines
ignorant motorboat expected swamping available to rescue rowers and
users recover boat
• Note the identity of the boat and
notify the Navigation Authority to • Teach capsize drill and buddy rescue
prevent further occurrences technique
• Use throw lines from the bank to pull
the boat into the bank (or shallow
water)

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 Barriers Hazardous Controls
Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

• Row or tow boat to shore then carry

or tow empty boat to boathouse or
relaunch and row back
• Adequate boat buoyancy

Commercial • Avoid shipping channels and other Collision or • Have safety boat and throw lines
shipping such as areas where large vessels operate. swamping due to available to rescue rowers and
cargo vessels, wash recover boat
• Check the VTS (Vessel Traffic
ferries, naval ships
Service) radio channels for shipping • Row or tow boat to shore then carry
movements and plan outing or tow empty boat to boathouse or
accordingly. relaunch and row back
• Be prepared to take action to avoid • Carry tow rope for towing boat to
collision. safety

Swamping or • Operate a buddy systems and rescue

capsize of a Gig with another gig.
(traditional wooden
• Rescue with a safety boat
gigs have very little
inherent buoyancy) • If necessary, call the coastguard and
request lifeboat support.
• Fit boats with buoyancy bags to
provide extra buoyancy and stay with
the boat until rescued.
• Tow the boat back to the shore.

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9.5. Going Afloat and Landing
The hazards associated with going afloat and landing, both on land and on water, should be incorporated into the Risk Assessment.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Understand the local hazards associate with going afloat and landing.
• Take care when handling boats.
• Understand the Circulation Plan for launching and recovery.
• Follow the local procedures and instructions from the cox or coach.
• Wear the correct footwear.
• Take care when handling boats.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Define the procedures for going afloat and landing and communicate to members.
• Define the Circulation Plan for launching and recovery.
• Ensure that there are procedures for quarantining damaged boats and equipment.
• Maintain launching areas in a safe condition.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Coach rowers in the correct procedure for going afloat and landing.
• Coach rowers to take care when handling boats.
• Coach rowers in the Circulation Plan for launching and recovery.
• Ensure that damaged equipment is quarantined.

Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Include the hazards in the boat launch and recovery area in their Risk Assessments.
• Define the procedures for going afloat and landing and communicate to participating clubs.
• Define the Circulation Plan for launching and recovery.
• Maintain launching areas in a safe condition.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Review incidents in the region.
• Provide advice to clubs and competitions on safety.

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British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• Safety Alert – Stay on your feet - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Safety-Alert-Keep-a-good-
lookout-January-2022-1.pdf

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Example Risk Management Plan
Hazards associated with going afloat and landing

Barriers Hazardous Controls

Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Steep banks in • Careful coaching Slipping and falling • First aid treatment
launch/recovery when lifting or
• Good control by coach or cox
area carrying boat
• Correct footwear
• Well defined procedure
• Extra people (helpers)

Steep or irregular • As above Slipping or tripping • First aid treatment

steps in and falling when
launch/recovery lifting or carrying
area boat
Steep banks in • Careful coaching Slipping and falling • First aid treatment
launch/recovery when lifting or
• Good control by coach or cox
area carrying boat
• Correct footwear
• Well defined procedure
• Extra people (helpers)

Steep banks in • As above Slipping or tripping • Rescue with launch

launch/recovery and falling when
• Cut Fishing lines
area lifting or carrying
boat • First aid treatment

Slippery or muddy • As above Slipping and falling • First aid treatment

ground in when lifting or
launch/recovery carrying boat
area
Slippery surface on • As above Slipping, falling or • First aid treatment
slipways trapping hands and
• Clean slipway surface
feet when lifting or
• Take care not to trap hands or feet carrying boat
Boat rolling down • Careful coaching Collision with wall • First aid treatment
slipway out of Boat falls off slipway
• Good control by coach or cox • Additional medical treatment
control Impact with people
• Well defined procedure People are trapped • Mark and quarantine damaged
• Extra people (helpers) against wall or equipment until it is repaired
under boat
• Have means to control descent of
boat (winch, rope etc.)
• Well maintained equipment (e.g.
brakes on trailers).

Manual handling of • Define and implement a safe Musculo-skeletal • First aid treatment
boats procedure for boat handling, launch disorder due to • Additional medical treatment
and recovery. manual handling
• Mark and quarantine damaged
• Use correct posture when lifting equipment until it is repaired
• Additional people to move boats
onshore and launch and recover

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 Barriers Hazardous Controls
Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Strong and variable • Assistance from other crews or Injuries and damage • First aid treatment
currents during boat helpers due to inability to • Mark and quarantine damaged
launching control a boat in
• Find a more suitable location equipment until it is repaired
the launch area
Strong and • Plan approach (into stream) and Injuries and damage • First aid treatment
variable currents include in circulation plan due to inability to
• Mark and quarantine damaged
during boat control a boat in
• Use throw lines from land equipment until it is repaired
recovery the recovery area
• Find a more suitable location

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9.6. In and Around the Boathouse
The hazards in and around the boathouse, including the handling and storage of equipment, should be incorporated into the Risk
Assessment.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Keep the boathouse and the surrounding area tidy.
• Use the correct technique when lifting equipment.
• Follow the instructions of the cox or coach.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Ensure that appropriate and adequate storage is
available for equipment.
• Define a procedure for quarantining equipment.
• Encourage members to keep the boathouse and
the surrounding area tidy.
• Ensure that the hazards in and around the
boathouse are included in their Risk Assessment,
take care to include:
o Hazards associated with the movement of
boats both inside and outside.
o Hazards associated with the movement of
people both inside and outside.
o Hazards associated with the storage of boats.
o Hazards associated with other work
conducted in or around the boathouse such
as boat repair, painting, trailer loading and
unloading (include chemical, electrical
hazards, and fire).
o Other people in the vicinity of the
boathouse. Include any hazards in and around the
boathouse in the risk assessment
© Richard Palmer
Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Coach rowers to keep the boathouse tidy.
• Coach rowers to use the correct technique when lifting equipment.

Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Include the hazards in and around the boat storage area in their Risk Assessments.
• Communicate appropriate advice to participants or participating clubs.

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Regional Rowing Councils
Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Review incidents in the region.
• Provide advice to clubs and competitions on safety.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive

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Example Risk Management Plan
Hazards in and around the boathouse (including handling boats on land)

Barriers Hazardous Controls

Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Solid fixed objects • Clear indication of what should go Collision of person • Have first aid kit available
(riggers, boats, where (housekeeping) with fixed object • Have trained first aiders available
racking, etc.) (e.g. walking into
• Coaching people to take care in the
rigger)
boathouse
• Good control and instruction
(coxing)

• Keeping floor clear Tripping over • Have first aid kit available
object on floor
• Have trained first aiders available

Boats, oars, etc. • Good control and instruction Person struck by • Have first aid kit available
falling from racks (coxing) falling object
• Have trained first aiders available
• Fixing objects so that they cannot fall • Mark and quarantine damaged
Damage to falling
object or something equipment until it is repaired
else as it falls or • Record in damage log
lands
• Repair equipment

Lifting and carrying • Coach good lifting technique Strains and • First aid
boats, oars, etc. Musculo-Skeletal
• Assistance from additional people • Rest
Disorders
• Good control and instruction • Gentle exercise
(coxing) • Physiotherapy

• Good control and instruction Person struck by • First aid treatment

(coxing) object being carried
• Keep a good lookout (coach/cox)
• Good technique (oars)

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9.7. Faulty, Incorrectly Set and Poorly Maintained Equipment
It is important to understand that faulty, incorrectly set and poorly maintained equipment can put rowers and others at risk. Care
should be taken to ensure that the risks associated with these issues are incorporated into the Risk Assessment.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Understand how to adjust equipment for their own use.
• Check equipment before going afloat.
• Know how to quarantine defective equipment.
• Not use defective equipment.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Define a procedure for quarantining equipment.
• Ensure that equipment is maintained in good working order.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Coach rowers in adjusting equipment for their own use.
• Coach rowers to check equipment before going afloat.
• Coach rowers to know how to quarantine defective equipment.
• Not allow rowers to use defective equipment.

Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Define how they intend to check equipment used at the competition.
• Communicate this decision to participants or participating clubs.
• Report any failed boat checks to their region.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Review incidents in the region.
• Provide advice to clubs and competitions on safety.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

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Further Information
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive

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Example Risk Management Plan
Hazards associated with incorrectly set and poorly maintained equipment

Barriers Hazardous Controls

Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Incorrect stretcher • Check adjustments Capsize due to • Rescue with launch

placement hands going past
• Coach rowers to check • Teach capsize drill and buddy rescue
chest
technique
• Use Lifejacket or buoyancy aid

• Check adjustments Musculo-Skeletal • First aid

Disorders and
• Coach rowers to check • Rest
strains
• Gentle exercise
• Physiotherapy

Incorrect • Check adjustments Musculo-Skeletal • First aid

gearing Disorders and
• Coach rowers to check • Rest
strains
• Gentle exercise
• Physiotherapy

Gate not fastened • Check equipment before going afloat Capsize due to lost • Rescue with safety boat or attempt
oar rescue with another rowing boat.
• Coach rowers to check equipment

Steering • Check adjustments Inability to steer • Have safety boat and throw lines
correctly available to rescue rowers and
• Coach rowers to check
recover boat
• Use throw lines from the bank to pull
the boat into the bank (or shallow
water)

Heel restraints • Check equipment before going afloat May be trapped in • Rescue with safety boat or attempt
broken or too capsized boat by rescue with another rowing boat.
• Coach rowers to check equipment
loose, shoes not feet caught in shoes
securely fixed to • Do not go afloat until fixed
the stretcher
Seats, shoes or • Check equipment before going afloat May struggle to get • Have safety boat and throw lines
footplates loose or back to boathouse available to rescue rowers and
• Coach rowers to check equipment
broken against stream or recover boat
• Defect/maintenance log wind
• Use throw lines from the bank to pull
• Mark and quarantine faulty the boat into the bank (or shallow
equipment water)
• Carry an anchor
• Carry extra clothing, drinking water,
radio to call for assistance, etc.

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 Barriers Hazardous Controls
Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Steering failure • Check equipment before going afloat May struggle to get • Have safety boat and throw lines
back to boathouse available to rescue rowers and
• Coach rowers to check equipment
against stream or recover boat
• Defect/maintenance log wind • Use throw lines from the bank to pull
• Mark and quarantine faulty the boat into the bank (or shallow
equipment water)
• Carry an anchor
• Carry extra clothing, drinking water,
radio to call for assistance, etc.

Steering failure • Check equipment before going afloat Collision with bank, • Have safety boat and throw lines
(continued) another boat or a available to rescue rowers and
• Coach rowers to check
solid object recover boat
• Defect/maintenance log
• Use throw lines from the bank to pull
• Mark and quarantine faulty the boat into the bank (or shallow
equipment water)
• Coach coxes and rowers to steer by • Carry first aid kit and radio or mobile
pressure phone to contact emergency services
• Have trained first aiders available

Hatch covers • Ensure covers are all fitted correctly Boat may sink if • Have safety boat and throw lines
missing swamped available to rescue rowers and
recover boat
• Use throw lines from the bank to pull
the boat into the bank (or shallow
water)
• Row or tow boat to shore then carry
or tow empty boat to boathouse or
relaunch and row back
• Adequate boat buoyancy

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9.8. Pre-existing Health Conditions and Low Levels of Fitness
These considerations should be incorporated into the Risk Assessment.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Discuss any health and fitness concerns with the coach or club.
• Refrain from rowing if they are unwell or not sufficiently fit.
• Refrain from training if they feel unwell or if to do so would be unsafe.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Include rower health and fitness in their Risk Assessment.
• Support rowers who feel that they are unfit or unwell.
• Ensure that no pressure is put on rowers who are unfit or unwell.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Check that rowers are sufficiently fit and well for the planned activity.
• Support rowers who feel that they are unfit or unwell.
• Ensure that no pressure is put on rowers who are unfit or unwell.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Review incidents in the region.
• Provide advice to clubs and competitions on safety.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• RowSafe 6.1 - People new to rowing
• RowSafe 8.6 - Coping with Illness and Diseases
• RowSafe 8.6.1 - Common Illness and Diseases
• RowSafe 8.6.2 - Chronic Conditions and Diseases
• RowSafe 8.6.3 - Asthma

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Example Risk Management Plan
Hazards associated with pre-existing health conditions or low level of fitness

Barriers Hazardous Controls

Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Rowers with low • Understand fitness capabilities and Collapse or illness • First aid treatment
level of fitness work within them • Seek Medical attention
• Improve fitness levels • If necessary, request assistance from
ambulance, coastguard or navigation
authority

Pre-existing • Ensure that relevant people know of Medical incident • First aid treatment
health conditions the condition so that appropriate afloat or on land
• Seek Medical attention
(See RowSafe 8.6) action can be taken to prevent an
incident. • If necessary, request assistance from
ambulance, coastguard or navigation
authority

Crew member or • Ensure that an inhaler is carried and Asthmatic incident • Bring Casualty ashore
sculler with asthma used when appropriate afloat • First aid treatment
(See RowSafe 8.6.3) • Avoid stressful situations • Seek Medical attention
• Take extra care if person is in a 1x or • If necessary, request assistance from
2x coastguard or navigation authority

• Ensure that an inhaler is carried and Asthmatic incident • First aid treatment
used when appropriate on land • Seek Medical attention
• Avoid stressful situations • If necessary, request an ambulance

Crew member • Ensure that appropriate food and Diabetic incident • Bring Casualty ashore
or sculler with medicines (if necessary) are available afloat
• First aid treatment
diabetes • Take extra care if person is in a 1x or • Seek Medical attention
(See RowSafe 8.6.2)
2x
• If necessary, request assistance from
coastguard or navigation authority

• Ensure that appropriate food and Diabetic incident on • First aid treatment
medicines (if necessary) are carried land
• Seek Medical attention
• If necessary, request an ambulance

Crew member • Carry appropriate items Incident afloat • Bring Casualty ashore
or sculler other • First aid treatment
known
disorder • Seek Medical attention
(See RowSafe 8.6) • If necessary, request assistance from
Coastguard or navigation authority

• Ensure that appropriate items are Incident on land • First aid treatment
available • Seek Medical attention
• If necessary, request an ambulance

Flu/viral • Discourage rowers from taking Disease may spread • Seek Medical attention
infection exercise when they are ill. or worsen

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9.9. Ocean Rowing Risk Management Plan
There is general guidance on Ocean Rowing in section 10.3 of RowSafe.
There are many hazards inherent in Ocean Rowing and this risk management plan deals with those associated with a person falling
or being swept overboard and capsize. It is understood that capsizes are not uncommon events. There is also a brief mention of
collisions at sea.
The following guidance is general and should be used with care. For example, there is little advantage in having a throw line on a
single seat boat and it may not be practicable to have more than one person on deck at all times on a small boat.

Note 1: Guardrails
Guardrails are fitted on both sides to the deck to help ensure that the members of the crew do not fall overboard. They should
consist of taut, strong, webbing securely fixed to the boat at both ends.
The top rail should be fitted as high as practicable and there should be a lower rail or rails, parallel with the top rail, to ensure that
nobody falls overboard under the top rail. The rail should be positioned so as not to make it difficult for a person to be recovered
back on board.

Note 2: Harnesses, Lifelines, Jackstays

The purpose of the combination of Harnesses, Lifelines and Jackstays is to keep members of the crew connected to the boat in the
event of them falling or being swept overboard.
The harness is usually in the form of a substantial belt rated for this application, this will be worn at all times by every member of the
crew who is on deck or who is entering or leaving a cabin. If a lifejacket with crotch straps is being worn correctly then its integral
harness may be a viable alternative as would a conventional yachting harness.
A lifeline is a line, normally made from strong webbing material with carabiners or similar fasteners at both ends. One end is attached
to the harness and the other to a jackstay. It is important that both ends of the lifeline are correctly attached before a crew member
leaves a cabin and until they have returned to the cabin. Elasticated lifelines may be preferred as they create less of a tripping hazard.
Lifelines should be sufficiently long so that any person swept overboard as a boat capsizes is not held underwater by their lifeline.
Jackstays normally consist of strong webbing material and run along the deck on both sides of the boat. Their ends are securely fixed
to the deck and the ends are positioned in such a way that they can easily be reached be a person in the cabin entrance.

Note 3: Lifejackets
The purpose of Lifejackets is to keep people afloat if they enter the water.
Ideally, they should be auto-inflation with hydrostatic actuators, and be equipped with a crotch strap and automatic light. They should
have a buoyancy of no less than 150 Newtons.
They should be fitted correctly and routinely checked.

Note 4: Lights
Red head torches should be worn by each crew member when on deck at night. Their purpose is to help the crew member to see
and be seen. Red lights are recommended because they tend to cause little degradation of night vision.
Boats should be equipped with navigation lights. These should be switched on if other vessels are in the vicinity, for example if they
can be seen or detected by the AIS and in coastal waters. They may not need to be switched on in full daylight if visibility is good.
Some rowers may, at times, choose not to use navigation lights when well out to sea in order to give them better visibility of
oncoming vessels, allow them to see sea conditions better and reduce sea sickness. Not using navigation lights at night exposes
rowers to the hazard of a collision and should only be contemplated after careful consideration and cannot be recommended.

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152
Note 5: Drogues, parachute anchors and towed lines
Drogues or parachute anchors are deployed to reduce the downwind drift of the boat and to hold it in a stable direction with
respect to the following waves. This will reduce the probability of broaching and capsize.
Broaching occurs when a boat runs quickly down a wave front and turns parallel to the wave front in the trough. The boat is then
broadside on to the next wave and at risk of being capsized.
The line used to connect the drogue or parachute anchor to the boat should be securely fixed to a strong-point on the stern of the
boat. The length of line (distance between the drogue or parachute anchor) should be as long as practicable.
A towed line is used to provide a crew member who has fallen overboard with a last chance to be recovered into the boat. It should
consist of a long floating line with a floating light at the end. It should be deployed whenever the downwind speed of the boat is such
that it would be difficult to turn the boat and row upwind towards a casualty in the water.

Further Information
• Safety Alert – Check your lifejacket, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-check-your-
lifejacket.pdf
• Safety Alert - Lifejackets, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-February-2015-
Lifejackets.pdf

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Example Risk Management Plan

Barriers Hazardous Controls

Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Rogue wave in calm • Taut webbing running the length of Person falls or is • Use of harness and lifeline clipped to
or moderate water both sides of the cockpit (see note swept overboard a jackstay or other strongpoint (see
(see 10.3) 1). note 2).
• Keep decks clear, take care to avoid • Wear an auto-inflation lifejacket (see
tripping hazards. note 3).
• Take great care when moving about
on deck, crawl rather than walk and
hold on.

Failure of (or failure • Taut webbing running the length of Person falls Immediate recovery to the boat
to use) harness both sides of the cockpit (see note overboard and • Have at least two persons on deck
and/or lifeline 1). remains stationary
as the boat is swept • Use throw line or rescue quoit to
• Check equipment prior to each use. bring person back to the boat.
away (boat not
• Keep decks clear, take care to avoid connected to • Tow a buoyant line astern with buoy
tripping hazards. casualty) and floating light at end (see note 5).
• Take great care when moving about • Wear a red head torch at night (see
on deck, crawl rather than walk and note 4).
hold on.
• Wear an auto-inflation lifejacket (see
note 3).
• Deploy a sea anchor to reduce the
downwind drift of the boat (see note
5).

Subsequent rescue if not recovered

immediately
• Every crew member carries a PLB.
• Wear a red head torch at night (see
note 4).
• Wear an auto-inflation lifejacket (see
note 3).
• Deploy an auto inflation danbuoy
with light.
• Use Man Overboard (MoB) facility
on GPS to fix position, transmit
MAYDAY by VHF
• Contact competition organisers to
initiate rescue.

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 Barriers Hazardous Controls
Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Rough water (see • Use drogue to keep boat heading Capsize causing • As above
10.3) downwind (i.e. at 90 degrees to the people to be • Ensure that water ballast tanks or
waves) (see note 5) thrown overboard.
containers are kept full and any heavy
• Ensure crew are safe in cabins with items are securely stowed low in the
hatches closed to prevent water boat to promote self-righting.
ingress. Ensure that vents are closed
if the boat capsizes.

• Ensure that decks are cleared and Capsize causing • As above

deck equipment is stowed below equipment to be
deck or lashed securely on deck. lost overboard.

• Ensure each crew member is wearing Capsize causing • Treat with first aid.
head protection head injuries to
• Call race organisers if support or
crew in cabin.
advice is needed

• Ensure each crew member is wearing Capsize causing • Treat with first aid.
head protection. injuries due to • Call race organisers if support or
contact with
• Ensure that moveable equipment, advice is needed
equipment in a
etc. is stowed securely.
cabin.
• Ensure that fixed equipment is
enclosed.

Other Shipping in • Ensure that Navigation lights are Collision with, or • Use whatever equipment is available
the vicinity when switched on and AIS is transmitting being run down by, to call for help
crew is closed up in (see note 4). other shipping
cabin • Monitor AIS and use VHF to warn
other shipping of your presence.

Other Shipping in • Ensure that Navigation lights are Collision with, or • Use whatever equipment is available
the vicinity at night switched on and AIS is transmitting being run down by, to call for help
or visibility is less (see note 4). other shipping
than “good”

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9.10. Rowing in floods
From time to time, the area around rowing clubs floods. Under some conditions it may be safe to continue rowing over flooded
areas of land but this will require great care. This should only be attempted once a venue specific risk assessment has been
completed and used to define the safety rules for this activity.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Learn about the hazards of rowing in floods, and the relevant club safety rules.
• Take care and comply with the rules when rowing in floods.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Complete a venue specific risk assessment and define the related safety rules before allowing this activity to commence.
• Provide information to members as appropriate.
• Agree restrictions on boating activities with other water users.
• Ensure that rules and guidelines are observed.
• Suspend or curtail boating activities where the conditions are assessed as unsafe.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Understand the club rules about rowing in floods.
• Explain these rules to rowers.

Further Information
• Safety Alert, Rowing in floods, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Safety-Alert-Rowing-in-Floods-
Nov-2019.pdf

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Example Risk Management Plan
There are five different issues with floods. They are:-
1. The water in flooded rivers tends to move quickly.
2. The water in flooded rivers tends to be turbulent.
3. Stationary objects, such as buoys, in fast moving water are hazardous.
4. The water over flooded land may hide solid objects (e.g. fence posts) slightly below the surface.
5. Flood water is often contaminated with sewage, farm animal waste and other materials, and may contain other debris.

The water in flooded rivers tends to move quickly

Barriers Hazardous Controls

Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

The speed of the • Finding a land based alternative Inability of rowers • Using a launch to rescue the crew
water flow activity to make headway and then returning for the boat
against the flow
• Finding an alternative stretch of water • Landing the boat and carrying it back
(e.g. a canal) where the water is to the boathouse
moving less quickly
• Starting the outing by rowing
upstream so that it is downstream
back to the boathouse
• Using bigger, faster boats (e.g. eights
rather than singles)
• Mixing crews so that Juniors row in
boats with stronger, more
experienced rowers
• Staying close to the bank and the
inside of bends where the water
speed is likely to be a little less

The water in flooded rivers tends to be turbulent

Barriers Hazardous Controls

Hazard
(to reduce the probability)
Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Turbulence in fast • Finding a land based alternative Steering and • Using a launch to rescue the crew
moving water activity retaining control of and then returning for the boat
particularly problem boats becomes
• Finding an alternative stretch of water • Provision of helpers with throw lines
downstream of difficult as
(e.g. a canal) where the water is less on the bank
obstructions (e.g. turbulence can
turbulent • Provision of support by a properly
bridges) cause a boat to
• Avoid areas that can be expected to veer off course trained and equipped First Aider
Turbulence is often be turbulent surprisingly quickly
just below the • Using coxed rather than coxless
surface and invisible boats Singles and pairs in
from the bank or particular can
• Use larger boats
boat capsize

Floating and
swimming can be
very difficult or
impossible due to
undertows

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Stationary objects, such as buoys, in fast moving water are hazardous

Barriers Hazardous Controls

Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

The flow of water • Finding a land based alternative Boats can be swept • Using a launch to rescue the crew
past anchored activity into a stationary and then returning for the boat
stationary objects object and perhaps
• Finding an alternative stretch of water • Provision of helpers with throw lines
such as:- pinned against it or
(e.g. a canal) where the water is on the bank
pulled under it
• Moored boats moving less quickly • Provision of support by a properly
• Buoys (both for • Revision of the circulation plan to trained and equipped First Aider
navigation and take the obstructions into account
mooring) • Taking care to avoid the obstructions
• Bridges • Not stopping upstream of an
• Pontoons obstruction
• Weirs • Using coxed rather than coxless
boats
• Floating docks or
• Having a coach in a launch supervise
• Any other
the outing and provide an extra
obstruction that
lookout
the water flows
past quickly

The water over flooded land may hide solid objects (e.g. fence posts) slightly below the
surface

Barriers Hazardous Controls

Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Fixed obstructions • Finding a land alternative activity Collision with a • Check the depth and, if appropriate,
just below the fixed obstruction carry the boat back to the boathouse
• Careful navigation and local
water in flooded just below the
knowledge to avoid obstructions • Provision of support by a properly
areas water in a flooded
• Keeping a good look-out for trained and equipped First Aider
area
indicators of obstructions • Buddy Rescue
• Operating a buddy system

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Flood water is often contaminated with sewage, farm animal waste and other materials, and
may contain other debris

Barriers Hazardous Controls

Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Flood water • Finding a land based alternative Serious illness (e.g. • Washing or showering after the
contaminated with activity Weil’s disease) if outing
untreated sewage the water is
• Avoiding or minimising exposure to • Seeking medical treatment as soon as
or with animal urine ingested or enters
the water any symptoms are noticed
and faeces the body through
• Keeping all cuts and grazes covered uncovered cuts or
with a water-proof dressing grazes
• Avoid eating when afloat and
maintain good hand hygiene
Debris in the water • Finding a land based alternative Collision with debris • Using a launch to rescue the crew
activity and then returning for the boat
• Keeping a good lookout and taking • Provision of support by a properly
care to avoid the debris trained and equipped First Aider
• Using coxed rather than coxless
boats
• Having a coach in a launch supervise
the outing and provide an extra
lookout

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9.11. Indoor Rowing
Indoor rowing is usually a low risk activity but it is not risk free. There are serious risks from overexertion and using poor technique.
Care is needed to ensure that risks are kept to acceptable levels.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Take care when indoor rowing and follow the rules specified by the club.
• Be aware of the correct indoor rowing technique.
• Stop if it hurts.
• Avoid encouraging others to overexert.
• Control their own training and aim for small incremental improvements see Safety Alert - Care when Indoor Rowing.

Club, School or Gym

Club, School and Gym Officers are expected to:
• Complete a venue specific risk assessment and use it to develop rules for indoor rowing.
• Provide information to members as appropriate.
• Ensure that appropriate provision is made for first aid care.
• Consider the need for Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training.
• Consider the provision of an Automated External Defibrillator (AED).

Competitions
Competition organisers are expected to:
• Complete a venue specific risk assessment and use it to develop rules for the competition.
• Use the risk assessment to develop the safety plan for the competition.
• Ensure that appropriate provision is made for first aid care.
• Consider the need for Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training.
• Consider the provision of an Automated External Defibrillator (AED).

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Coach the correct indoor rowing technique.
• Instruct rowers to stop if it hurts.
• Avoid encouraging rowers to overexert.
• Coach rowers to control their training and aim for small incremental improvements see Safety Alert - Care when Indoor
Rowing.

Risk Management Plans are provided for the following activities:

• Indoor Rowing Training or Competition.
• Pre-existing Medical Conditions when Training or Competing.
• Setting up for an Indoor Rowing Competition.
• Transport of Indoor Rowing Machines.
• Storage of Indoor Rowing Machines.
• Assembly and disassembly of Indoor Rowing Machines.

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Further Information
• RowSafe 11.1, Indoor Rowing.
• Indoor Rowing Technique, https://www.britishrowing.org/indoor-rowing/go-row-indoor/how-to-indoor-row/ .
• Safety Alert – take care setting up your C2 rowing machine https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-
content/uploads/2018/05/Safety-Alert-take-care-setting-up-your-C2-rowing-machine-1.pdf .
• Safety Alert - Care when Indoor Rowing https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Safety-Alert-Care-
when-Indoor-Rowing-Feb-2020.pdf .

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Indoor Rowing Training or Competition
Barriers Hazardous Controls
Hazard (to reduce the probability)
Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Use of poor • Good Coaching. Musculoskeletal • Administer First Aid as appropriate.

technique when injury.
• Possible referral to a Physiotherapist.
rowing.
Insufficient space • Ensure that there is adequate space. Rower trips and falls • Administer First Aid
between machines. over the machine
Too many people • Ensure that there are not too many Rower trips and falls • Administer First Aid
around the people around the machines. over the machine
machines.
Rower fails to • Briefing for participants. Rower collapses or • First Aid and administration of high
ensure adequate feels unwell due to glucose food or drink.
nutrition before lack of nutrition.
starting exercise.
Rower fails to • Briefing for participants, provision of Rower becomes • First Aiders or coaches, etc. provide
ensure adequate drinking water. dehydrated and drinking water.
hydration before feels ill.
starting exercise.
Abnormal • Ensure that the temperature is within Rower becomes • Administer First Aid.
Temperature acceptable ranges for physical hypothermic or
exertion. hyperthermic when
rowing.
Overexertion by • Event officials and coaches monitor Collapse, possible • First Aid, possibly Life Support (CPR
rower. effort from a distance and intervene cardiac issues. & AED), evacuation to hospital.
as appropriate.
Peer pressure from • Event Officials and coaches keep Overexertion • First Aid, possibly Life Support (CPR
colleagues, coaches people not using ergs away from leading to collapse, & AED), evacuation to hospital.
etc. causing rowers those that are. possible cardiac
to overexert. issues.
Rowers feel ill and • Tell rowers to stop if they feel ill. Rowers vomit • Have materials available to clean the
vomit. Have buckets or containers to vomit contaminating the machines and the floor.
into available. machine and
causing a slipping
hazard on the floor.
Unclean rowing • Clean machines (particularly handles Transmission of • Recognise symptoms and seek
machines. and seat) as deemed appropriate. viruses and bacteria. medical advice as appropriate.
Long tops (clothing) • Coach people with long tops on to Rower pulled • Administer First Aid.
catching between tuck them in. backward off seat.
seat rollers and the
track machine.
Liquid spill on hard • Cleaning up any spills as they happen. Slips and falls. • Administer First Aid.
floor (slip hazard).
Rower with long • Ensure that rowers with long hair do Hair becomes • Cut hair to free the rower from the
hair holding feet not hold feet unless the hair is tied entangled in the machine
during relay races back up machine

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Pre-existing Medical Conditions when Training or Competing

Barriers Hazardous Controls

Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Rower with • Tell rowers to stop if they feel Rower has an • Administer First Aid, call for
epilepsy. unwell. epileptic episode. ambulance support if needed.
• • Provide extra space around the
machine.
Rower with • Help rowers to be properly prepared Rower has a • Administer First Aid, call for
diabetes. diabetic episode. ambulance support if needed.
• Tell rowers to stop if they feel
unwell.
Rower with asthma. • Use inhaler prior to starting exercise, Rower has an • Administer First Aid, call for
tell rowers to stop if they feel unwell. asthmatic episode. ambulance support if needed.
Unknown medical • Tell rowers to stop if they feel Rower collapses or • Administer First Aid, call for
issues. unwell. feels ill. ambulance support if needed.

Setting up for an Indoor Rowing Competition

Barriers Hazardous Controls

Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Trip hazard from • Tape down cabling where needed Person trips over • Administer First Aid.
cabling of race and define no go zones. cable and falls.
system, extension
leads/AV
equipment.
Electrical equipment • Schedule of portable electrical Electric shock or • Administer First Aid. Evacuate site.
in poor working equipment testing of electrical fire.
condition. equipment.
Water (or aqueous • Keep water, etc. away from electrical Electric shock or • Administer First Aid. Evacuate site.
solution) spilled equipment. fire.
onto electrical
equipment.
Other people in the • Wait for quiet time to move Collision between • Administer First Aid.
vicinity when equipment if possible or position machines or people
equipment is being equipment before the people arrive. moving them and
moved. other people in the
vicinity.
Competition • Ensure that event volunteers are fully Various • Administer First Aid, etc.
volunteers do not briefed.
understand their
responsibilities

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Transport of Indoor Rowing Machines

Barriers Hazardous Controls

Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Loading and • Brief the people not familiar with Falling from rear of • Administer First Aid
unloading machines equipment Have sufficient people, van with equipment
into vehicles some on the vehicle in hand

Equipment moving • Ensure that load is adequately Movement of heavy • Call for help Administer First Aid
in a vehicle during secured equipment in the
transit event of a harsh
braking or a
collision
Moving equipment • Find another possible route (lift or Fall or trip with • Administer First Aid as appropriate
up or down stairs ramps) or briefing on extra care if no equipment or Possible referral to a Physiotherapist
other alternate routes, have sufficient Musculoskeletal
people injury

Storage of Indoor Rowing Machines

Barriers Hazardous Controls

Hazard
(to reduce the probability) Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Fall of machines • If possible split machines in two or Machine(s) topple • Administer First Aid
stored upright store secured to fixed object over hitting a
person
• Keep people clear of the area around
upright machines

Assembly and disassembly of Indoor Rowing Machines

Hazard Barriers Hazardous Controls
(to reduce the probability)
Events (to reduce the severity of harm)

Splitting rowing • Briefing for people not familiar with Trapped fingers
• Administer First Aid
machines the equipment
Movement of seat • Briefing for people not familiar with Trapped fingers • Administer First Aid
on the monorail the equipment
section

Lifting and carrying • Briefing for people not familiar with Musculoskeletal • Administer First Aid as appropriate
heavy parts of equipment on correct lifting injury Possible referral to a Physiotherapist
rowing machines technique
Injury due to • Before use check equipment is in full Machine fails during • Administer First Aid
equipment failure working order and correctly use
or incorrect assembled
assembly

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10. Rowing on the Sea
Many of the hazards and risks associated with coastal rowing, together with their barriers and controls, are similar to those for other
types of rowing. This chapter deals with the issues specific to rowing on the sea.
This chapter of RowSafe contains the following section:
10.1 Coastal and Inshore Rowing 168
10.2 Fixed Seat Sea Rowing 171
10.2.1 Gig and Other Fixed Seat Boat Safety Kits 174
10.3 Ocean Rowing 175
10.3.1 Ocean Rowing Safety Equipment 179

10. Rowing on The Sea

DISCLAIMER: RowSafe provides general guidance to clubs and their members on safe practice in rowing. It is however the responsibility of each
club to maintain up-to-date risk assessments and define and monitor its own safety practices, guidance and procedures specific to its environment
and activities, which clubs shall ensure are made known to their members and members shall comply with the same.

Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the medical and other similar information and guidance in this manual is accurate and reflective of best
practice at the time of publication, it is the user’s responsibility to ensure that such information and guidance is up-to-date before acting upon it.
British Rowing accepts no responsibility for the content of third party websites accessed through links in this publication. 165
10.1. Coastal and Inshore Rowing
Coastal and inshore rowing in this context refers to rowing on the coast but within a short distance of land. Coastal rowers typically
use sliding seat boats that are specifically suited for this purpose. These boats are not suited for open sea, offshore or ocean rowing.

Expectations
The other sections of RowSafe also apply to coastal and offshore rowing. However, the following additional expectations are also
appropriate.

Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Understand the hazards associated with coastal and inshore rowing (such as tide, wind strength and direction and waves)
and the barriers and controls to be used.
• Check, prior to each launch, that:
o Their boats have sufficient buoyancy,
o Self-bailers, where fitted, are in full working order, and
o If self-bailers are not fitted then that there is a method of manual bailing.
• Understand the correct techniques for launching and recovery from a beach or slipway. There is further information on
boat handling in rough water.
• Understand how to fit and adjust a lifejacket, especially coxes are expected to wear correctly fitted lifejackets at all times
when afloat.
• Abide by club rules, local navigation rules and any other rules.

Understand the hazards associated with coastal and inshore rowing

© Richard Palmer

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Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Ensure all boats and equipment used by their members are fit for their intended purpose and safe to use in the intended
environment.
• Ensure that all coxes and rowers understand the hazards (such as tide, wind strength and direction and waves), and the
barriers and controls to be used.
• Ensure that crews abide by local navigation and other rules.
• Ensure that all boats have sufficient buoyancy.
• Ensure that crews keep a good lookout for swimmers (see Safety Alert - look out for swimmers).
• Ensure that self-bailers, where fitted, are in full working order. If self-bailers are not fitted then ensure that there is a method
of manual bailing. This does not apply to those single sculling boats where the boat design ensures self-bailing.
• Ensure that crews are educated in the correct techniques for launching and recovery from a beach or slipway. There is
further information on boat handling in rough water.
• When no launch is available then ensure that no crew goes out without an experienced coastal rower supervising the
session, in the boat with them (either as rower or cox) or from the beach keeping them close to shore.
• Ensure that there is a method of radio communication with the shore in the boat if a safety launch is not available and
ensure that there are at least two rowing boats afloat at any one time and that they operate a buddy system. Marine Mobile
Band VHFs are preferred as these can be used to call the Coastguard directly.
• Ensure that coxes’ lifejackets have crotch straps fitted and that coxes are trained to fit and adjust them correctly.

Coxes
Coxes are expected to:
• Wear a lifejacket at all times when afloat
• Ensure that the crew has checked the boat
• Check, prior to each launch, that:
o Their boats have sufficient buoyancy for the conditions likely to be encountered
• Know and understand the sound signals and lights used by other vessels.
• Learn about local hazards, local rules of navigation and navigation marks particularly when visiting unfamiliar venues.
• Read and understand the principles of coxing.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Understand the hazards associated with coastal and inshore rowing and also understand their barriers and controls.
• Assess risk prior to each outing and either modify the planned outing or find a safer alternative if the level of risk is not low
or moderate, taking into account the capabilities of the crew.
• Coach crews in the hazards, and the barriers and controls to be used (such as understanding tide, wind strength and
direction and waves).
• Coach crews so that they are able to check that:
o Boats have sufficient buoyancy,
o Self-bailers, where fitted, are in full working order, and
o If self-bailers are not fitted then that there is a method of manual bailing.
• Coach crews in the correct techniques for launching and recovery from a beach or slipway. There is further information on boat
handling in rough water.

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Launch Drivers
Launch drivers are expected to:
• Hold qualifications of, or equivalent to, at least RYA Level 2 Powerboat.
• Ensure that they have an effective means of communications with the shore and emergency services.
• Ensure that they are competent to rescue crews from rowing boats in coastal conditions.
• Ensure that their launches are suitable to rescue rowers in the conditions that they are likely to encounter.
• Understand the correct technique for recovering a person to a safety boat.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils, in regions with coastal and inshore rowing clubs, are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to those clubs on coastal and inshore rowing.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• Boat Handling in Rough Water - coastalrowing.org/storage/downloads/safety/BoatHandlingInRoughWater.pdf
• Safety Alert on Lifejackets - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-February- 2015-Lifejackets.pdf
• Safety Alert - check your Lifejacket, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-check-your-
lifejacket.pdf
• Safety Alert - look out for swimmers, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-look-out-for-
swimmers.pdf
• RNLI Guidance on Lifejackets - https://rnli.org/-/media/rnli/downloads/rnli-guide-to-lifejackets-and-buoyancy-aids.pdf?fd=true
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive

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10.2. Fixed Seat Sea Rowing
Fixed seat sea rowing in this context refers to fixed seat rowing on the open sea or in estuaries.

Expectations
The other sections of RowSafe also apply to fixed seat sea rowing. However, the following additional expectations relate specifically
to this style of rowing.

Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Understand the hazards associated with sea rowing (such
as tide, wind strength and direction and waves) and the
barriers and controls to be used.
• Understand the correct techniques for launching and
recovery from a beach or slipway.
• Understand how to fit and adjust a lifejacket, especially
coxes who are expected to wear correctly fitted lifejackets
at all times when afloat.
• Abide by club rules, local navigation rules and any other
rules.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Use their club’s Risk Assessment (see RowSafe 3.1) to Ensure all boats have sufficient buoyancy
determine the club’s safety plans, safety rules and © Richard Palmer
emergency procedures (see RowSafe 3.2)
• Use the Risk Assessment to determine under what
conditions, if any, it is safe for a boat to go afloat alone (i.e. not accompanied by another rowing boat or a safety boat).
Where it is not safe for a boat to go afloat alone then boats should stay in close contact with each other.
• Use the Risk Assessment to determine under what conditions rowers should wear lifejackets.
• Ensure all boats and equipment used by their members are fit for their intended purpose, safe to use in the intended
environment and that boats are not used in conditions that would expose rowers to an unacceptable risk.
• Ensure that all boats have sufficient buoyancy for the conditions in which they are to be used. Boats without additional
buoyancy should not be used in areas and at times when sea conditions are rough. This is particularly important in
traditional wooden gigs as, without additional buoyancy, they will not support their crew when swamped.
• Ensure that all coxes and rowers understand the hazards (such as tide, wind strength and direction and waves), and the
barriers and controls to be used.
• Ensure that crews abide by local navigation and other rules.
• Ensure that crews keep a good lookout for swimmers (see Safety Alert - look out for swimmers).
• Ensure that crews are educated in the correct techniques for launching and recovery from a beach or slipway.
• If a radio is carried, ensure that someone on board is competent to use it and knows which channels to use. (see RowSafe
2.3)
• Ensure that coxes’ lifejackets have crotch straps fitted and that coxes are trained to fit and adjust them correctly.
• Ensure that a boat safety kit is provided for each boat (see RowSafe 10.2.1 Gig and Other Fixed Seat Boat Safety Kit).

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Coxes
Coxes are expected to:
• Take command of the boat, although coxes who are juniors should be guided by a senior rower or a coach in the
immediate vicinity (e.g. in a launch).
• Wear a lifejacket at all times when afloat
• Check, prior to each launch, that:
o Their boats have sufficient buoyancy for the conditions likely to be encountered
o That there is a method of manual bailing
o Seals and bungs are correctly fitted
o Seats and stretchers are secure
o The rudder and rudder lines are in good condition and working order
o The oars are in good condition
o Thole pins are in good condition correctly placed (hard forward, soft astern)
o The safety kit and other safety equipment (see RowSafe 10.2.1) are aboard the boat
• Know and understand the sound signals and lights used by other vessels.
• Learn about local hazards, local rules of navigation and navigation marks particularly when visiting unfamiliar venues.
• Read and understand the principles of coxing

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Understand the hazards associated with sea rowing and also understand their barriers and controls.
• Assess risk prior to each outing and either modify the planned outing or find a safer alternative if the level of risk is not low
or moderate, taking into account the capabilities of the crew.
• Coach crews in the hazards, and the barriers and controls to be used (such as understanding tide, wind strength and
direction and waves).
• Coach coxes so that they are able to check their boats and equipment as described above.
• Coach crews in the correct techniques for launching and recovery from a beach or slipway.
• When no launch is available then ensure that no crew goes out without an experienced sea rower supervising the session,
in the boat with them (either as rower or cox) or from the beach keeping them close to shore.
• Have a means of communication with the boat and with someone on shore.
• Coach coxes to fit and adjust their lifejackets (including crotch straps) correctly.
• Ensure that a boat safety kit is carried in each boat when afloat (see RowSafe 10.2.1 Gig and Other Fixed Seat Boat Safety
Kit).
• Know and understand the sound signals and lights used by other vessels.
• Learn about local hazards, local rules of navigation and navigation marks particularly when visiting unfamiliar venues.

When no launch is available, make sure an experienced coastal rower

supervises the session, either as a cox or rower, or from the beach
© Richard Palmer

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Launch Drivers
Launch Drivers are expected to:
• Hold qualifications of, or equivalent to, at least RYA Level 2 Powerboat.
• Ensure that they have an effective means of communications with the shore and emergency services.
• If a radio is carried, ensure that someone on board is competent to use it and knows which channels to use. (see RowSafe
2.3)
• Ensure that they are competent to rescue crews from rowing boats in offshore conditions.
• Understand the correct technique for recovering a person to a safety boat.
• Ensure that their launches are suitable to rescue rowers in the conditions that they are likely to encounter.
• Know and understand the sound signals and lights used by other vessels.
• Learn about local hazards, local rules of navigation and navigation marks particularly when visiting unfamiliar venues.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils, and Rowing Associations in regions with coastal and inshore rowing clubs, are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to those clubs on fixed seat sea rowing.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• Launching and recovery – Principles of Coxing – Lyme Regis Gig Club,
http://www.lymeregisgigclub.com/media/pg/97/1458123262/principles-of-coxing.pdf
• Safety Alert on Lifejackets - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-February-2015-Lifejackets.pdf
• Safety Alert - check your Lifejacket, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-check-your-
lifejacket.pdf
• Safety Alert - look out for swimmers, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-look-out-for-
swimmers.pdf
• RNLI Guidance on Lifejackets - https://rnli.org/-/media/rnli/downloads/rnli-guide-to-lifejackets-and-buoyancy-aids.pdf?fd=true
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org/
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive/
• Sound Signals - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkFhf9Cz68c
• Navigation Lights - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-mgZHN7FKA
• Navigation Marks - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYydED6cXtI&index=3&list=PLomvEgt6UAfE45F1qiSpr0_hxXIo-
kbnf

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10.2.1. Gig & Other Fixed Seat Boat Safety Kits
For gigs and other fixed seat rowing boats that are used on the open sea, it is recommended that the following equipment should be
included in a Boat Safety kit.
• A First Aid kit in a waterproof bag, checked monthly
• A throw line, throw bag or equivalent grab line (at least 15 metres long).
• A serrated safety knife with rope cutter
• An audio signalling device: air horn, whistle, loudhailer or megaphone
• Enough survival equipment or ‘Bivvi bags’ for the maximum number of persons on board.
(Note: Foil blankets tend to keep cold people cold and are not recommended.)
• Sufficient lifejackets for the maximum number of persons on board
• A bailer
• Spare thole pins
• A communications device such as a waterproof VHF radio transceiver or mobile phone, fully charged
• A tow line secured to the bow of the boat
As a result of the risk assessment of the location, water and weather conditions, the following equipment may also be required.
• A tool kit and spares
• A spare length of rope
• An anchor and line appropriate for the water and weather conditions
• Sufficient in-date flares
• GPS system
• Compass
• Suitable lights in low visibility conditions
• Sea anchor to prevent the boat drifting with the wind; this could be a canvas bucket on a rope
• Fenders

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10.3. Ocean Rowing
Ocean rowing in this context refers to long distance rowing in rowing boats constructed to cross oceans.
It is very similar to Adventure Rowing that takes place at sea but does not normally involve crossing oceans. There is more
information on Adventure Rowing on the British Rowing website.
Ocean rowing is, by its very nature, a high risk activity. It requires extensive safety provisions to reduce the risk to an acceptable level.
Anyone considering participating in ocean rowing should carefully consider the risk associated and, in all cases, ensure that
appropriate safety provisions are in place.
This guidance is intended to help in that process but only to the extent of the hazards that it covers.
There are many hazards associated with Ocean Rowing but this guidance is limited to the two that are probably of most concern.
These are being lost overboard and capsize.
It has been assumed that this activity takes place in warm water. There is advice on rowing on cold water elsewhere in RowSafe.
Anyone who has little or no experience of ocean rowing and who intends to participate is advised to do so in an organised event
that comprises a large number of rowing boats and has support available both on land and at sea. Events of this type are usually
organised by experienced and competent people. The infrastructure and backup that they provide helps to reduce the level of risk.
The following guidance is general and should be used with care. For example, there is little advantage in having a throw line on a
single seat boat and it may not be practicable to have more than one person on deck at all times on a small boat.
There is more information in the generic Risk Management Plan in 9.9 Ocean Rowing Risk Management Plan.

People lost overboard

People who fall or are swept overboard risk being lost if they are not recovered quickly. The basic approach to the management of
this risk is:
1. Keep people on their boats
• Stop people from falling overboard using taut webbing rails (not guard wires) as high as practicable
• Have a second, lower, rail midway between the upper rail and the deck.
• Rowers should take great care when moving about the boat and keep a firm grip at all times.

2. Rescue anyone who falls or is swept overboard but is still connected to the boat
• Everyone will use a lifeline at all times when they are on deck.
• Everyone will wear a secure waist belt or harness, the lifeline will run from a secure attachment on this belt or harness to a
jackstay on deck or another strongpoint on deck
• Lifelines will be attached before anyone leaves the cabin and kept attached to it until they are safely back inside the cabin.
• In conditions where a lifejacket is needed, then the lifeline should attach to the harness point on the lifejacket. Crotch straps
shall be used.
• The lifeline should be sufficiently long so that if the boat rolls then anyone on deck is not trapped under water as the boat
self-rights.
• All members of the crew know exactly how to respond if there is a person in the water and crews should have practised
man overboard drills extensively.

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3. Attempt to rescue anyone who is in the water but not connected to the boat
• Have a rescue quoit on a thin line (proprietary device) at each end of the deck. A throw bag may be an acceptable
alternative.
• Throw lines (as described above) should be securely mounted on the outer surface of each cabin bulkhead and retained
such that they can be accessed without delay but will not be lost accidentally in a storm or in a knockdown.
• Ensure that all crew members know how to throw a rescue quoit or throw bag.
• Ensure that all crew members know how to hold a line (with the arms and not just with the hands).
• Do not keep a loose line on deck, it is difficult to throw from a moving deck and can easily become a tripping hazard or lost
overboard.

4. Facilitate the rescue of anyone lost overboard

• Deploy a drogue or parachute anchor and tow a floating line with a buoy and floating light at the end (encourage the
casualty to grab the line and recover them into the boat).
• Deploy an auto-inflation danbuoy with light.
• The casualty should activate their PLB (or AIS).
• Fix position by GPS, transmit MAYDAY by VHF (see section 2.3).
• Notify Event organisers.

Surviving knockdowns and capsizes

Ocean rowing boats are designed to be self-righting and have sealed cabins for the protection of the crews. Many are also fitted with
drinking water tanks, or spaces for drinking water containers, low in the boat; these act as ballast in rough seas. They should be kept
full to expedite self-righting.
Capsizes are relatively common but boats should self-right without delay.
In conditions where a capsize is likely:
• Ensure that the crew is safe in the cabins
• Deploy a drogue or parachute anchor.
• Ensure that the entire crew are sealed in the cabins.
• Ensure that all hatches are closed and watertight.
• Ensure that all vents are closed and watertight in the event of a capsize.
• Ensure that all loose items are stowed.
• Ensure that all crew members are wearing head protection to protect their heads if the boat capsizes.

Expectations
The other sections of RowSafe also apply to ocean rowing. However, the following additional expectations relate specifically to this
style of rowing.

Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Understand the hazards associated with ocean rowing (such as weather, shipping, distance from land, etc.) and the barriers
and controls to be used (see Risk Management Plans section 9.9).
• Abide by event rules.

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Ocean Rowers
Ocean rowers are expected to:
• Be familiar with the operation of every item of safety and communications equipment carried on board.
• Comply with the requirements of event organisers.
• Carry a Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) at all times. A portable Automatic Identification System (AIS) beacon may be
preferred but this is only suitable for the crew of multi-seat boats.
• Take great care when moving about on deck, whenever appropriate crawl rather than walk and hold on to the boat.
• Ensure that, where fitted, water ballast tanks or containers are kept full and any heavy items are securely stowed low in the
boat full to promote self-righting.

The expectations of ocean rowers are summarised in the table below:

Sea Conditions Daylight Night

Calm • Clip on harness before leaving the As in daylight, plus:

cabin, unclip only after returning to
WMO Sea State Code 0 (Calm) to 2 • Wear a red head torch switched on.
and safely inside the cabin.
(Smooth) (Wave height less than 0.5 • Switch on navigation lights.
• Ensure that decks are kept clear and
metres) that there are no tripping hazards.
Low Swell
Wind strength force 0 to 2 (less than 6 • Ensure that drinking water ballast
knots, 3.3m/s) tanks or containers are full.

Moderate • Clip on harness before leaving the As in daylight, plus:

cabin, unclip only after returning to
WMO Sea State Code 3 (Slight) to 4 • Wear a red head torch switched on.
and safely inside the cabin.
(Moderate) (Wave height between 0.5 • Switch on navigation lights.
• Wear auto-inflation lifejacket
and 2.5 metres)
Moderate Swell • Ensure that all hatches and vents are
Wind strength force 3 or 4 (7 to 16 closed and watertight.
knots, 3.5 – 8 m/s) • Have at least two persons on deck (or
whole crew in cabins).
• Ensure that drinking water ballast
tanks or containers are full.

Rough • Ensure that decks are cleared and As in daylight, plus:

deck equipment is stowed below deck
WMO Sea State Code 5 (Rough) or • Switch on navigation lights.
or lashed securely on deck.
more. (Wave height greater than 2.5 • Ensure that drinking water ballast
metres) tanks or containers are full.
High Swell
Wind strength force 5 or more (greater • Ensure that any heavy items are
than 16 knots, 8m/s) securely stowed low in the boat.
• Ensure that crew members are all in
Note: It may be safe to continue rowing cabins, hatches closed and secured,
in larger boats, with strong crews in vents watertight, helmets on.
otherwise good conditions.
• Ensure that moveable equipment, etc.
is stowed securely.
• Ensure that fixed equipment is
enclosed.
• Monitor AIS and use VHF to warn
other shipping of your presence.

For further information on Sea State see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_state. Sea state definitions should be used as guidance, the
actual conditions, the size of the boat, and the state of the crew, should be used to determine the action to be taken.

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Event Organisers
Event Organisers are expected to:
• Provide detailed safety rules for rowers.
• Provide infrastructure and backup to support rowers.
• Provide event rules that includes:
o Boat and equipment specifications.
o Boat and equipment specifications and inspections.
o Communication rules.
o Training and competence requirements.
• Provide support facilities at sea directly or through other agencies.
• Liaise with rescue coordination centres.

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10.3.1. Ocean Rowing Safety Equipment
The following equipment should be carried on board
• Throw quoit and line or throw bag
• Life raft
• Grab bag
• Lifejacket (one for each person on board and a spare, rearming kits)
• Rated safety harness, or belt, and line (one for each person on board)
• Helmets or other head protection (one for each person on board)
• Safety clothing
• Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) with integral GPS
• Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) (one for each person on board) or Personal AIS on larger boats
• Flares
• Fire extinguisher
• Medical kit
• Signal mirror
• Safety knife
• Automatic Identification System (AIS) Radar transponder
• Satellite telephone
• VHF radio
• Global Positioning by Satellite (GPS) system
• Water maker
• Navigation light
• Suitable power supply
• Deck and shoulder height jackstays
• External grab lines
• Compass
• Suitable food stores
• Suitable cooking device
• Para anchor and drogues
• Bilge pump in each cabin to pump water out of the cabin
• Anchor, chain and warp
• Tool kit
• Spares
• Auto-inflation danbuoy with light
• Long floating line with buoy and floating light at the end ready to trail astern.
• Towing line

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11. Land Training
Many rowers spend considerable time training on land as part of the physical training for competition or simply as a means of
keeping fit. There are specific hazards and risks associated with land training. These are very different from most of the risks
associated with being afloat.
This chapter of RowSafe contains the following sections:
11.1 Indoor Rowing 181
11.2 Gym Training 184

11. Land Training

DISCLAIMER: RowSafe provides general guidance to clubs and their members on safe practice in rowing. It is however the responsibility of each
club to maintain up-to-date risk assessments and define and monitor its own safety practices, guidance and procedures specific to its environment
and activities, which clubs shall ensure are made known to their members and members shall comply with the same.

Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the medical and other similar information and guidance in this manual is accurate and reflective of best
practice at the time of publication, it is the user’s responsibility to ensure that such information and guidance is up-to-date before acting upon it.
British Rowing accepts no responsibility for the content of third party websites accessed through links in this publication. 178
11.1. Indoor Rowing
There are risks associated with indoor rowing and these should be assessed and managed in the same way as other risks. It is
important that indoor rowers are trained to use rowing machines safely and correctly, and with the correct technique.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Follow rules on the use of rowing machines
including:
o Wearing appropriate clothing.
o Cleaning of the rowing machine after use.
• Inform the club, school or gym of any reason that
they may be at risk due to current or previous
illness or injury - and seek medical advice before
continuing.
• Warm up appropriately for the activity.
• Check the rowing machine prior to use.
• Report any incidents or defects to the rowing
machine.
• Work at appropriate intensity and overall
workload. Work at appropriate intensity
• Exercise more control to make indoor rowing an and overall workload
exercise in mental control as well as a physical © Richard Palmer

exercise.
• Ensure that the drag or resistance is set at the
appropriate level.

Club. School or Gym

Club, School or Gym Officers are expected to:
• Promote a positive safety culture (see RowSafe 1.2) for indoor rowing.
• Complete a Risk Assessment for this activity.
• Maintain rowing machines in safe working order and quarantine damaged rowing machines.
• Provide materials for cleaning and disinfecting the rowing machines.
• Ensure that sufficient space is provided between rowing machines.
• Provide appropriate induction sessions for beginners. This should have an emphasis on safe behaviour.
• Provide appropriate notices and instruction on safe use (including clothing, storage and monitor set up) and potential health
issues.
• Report all incidents relating to indoor rowing on the British Rowing Incident Reporting System.
• Implement the British Rowing guidelines for the use of rowing machines by juniors and “How much and how often?”

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Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Adequately manage activities of all users and exercise a higher level of care for those persons who present a higher risk -
beginners, the elderly, juniors and those with special needs or health problems.
• Know how to deal with specific health-related issues that have been identified.
• Promote safe use of the facility and equipment.
• Check the facility and the equipment is safe to use.
• Train users to use the rowing machines correctly including:
o Identifying and naming the key parts of the rowing machine.
o Setting the rowing machine up and adjusting the damper and feet height.
o Demonstrating good technique and posture.
o Cleaning the rowing machine after use.
• Implement the British Rowing guidelines for the use of rowing machines by juniors and “How much and how often?”
• Take care to ensure that their rowers do not overexert themselves or encourage others to do so.
• Ensure that their rowers work at appropriate intensity and overall workload.
• Ensure that the drag or resistance is set at the appropriate level for the rower.
• Ensure that the rowers adopt good posture and correct technique

Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees of indoor rowing competitions and other competitions where rowing machines
are provided are expected to:
• Complete a Risk Assessment for the competition.
• Ensure that rowing machines are in safe working order and quarantine damaged rowing machines.
• Provide materials for cleaning and disinfecting the rowing machines.
• Provide appropriate notices and instruction on safe use (including clothing, storage and monitor set up) and potential health
issues.
• Report all incidents relating to the competition on the British Rowing Incident Reporting System.
• Review competitions/incidents relating to indoor rowing to promote good practice.
• Implement the British Rowing guidelines for the use of rowing machines by juniors and “How much and how often?”

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Supervise the running of multi-club indoor rowing competitions in their region.
• Provide support and advice to clubs and competitions in their region.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides advice and guidance on indoor rowing.
• Provides safety guidance through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

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Further Information
• RowSafe 1.2 - Positive safety culture
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Guidance On-Water and Indoor Rowing by School Children - britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/BR-Guidance-
Document-On-Water-and-Indoor-Rowing-by-School-Children-Final-2016.pdf
• Safety Alert - take care setting up your C2 rowing machine - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-
content/uploads/2018/05/Safety-Alert-take-care-setting-up-your-C2-rowing-machine-1.pdf
• British Rowing - How much and how often? - https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/How-Much-How-
Often-210219.pdf
• Safety Alert - Care when Indoor Rowing, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Safety-Alert-Care-
when-Indoor-Rowing-Feb-2020.pdf

Indoor Rowing Technique

• British Rowing Indoor Rowing Technique - britishrowing.org/knowledge/online-learning/techniques-and-training/indoor-
rowing-technique
• Concept2 Technique videos - concept2.co.uk/indoor-rowers/training/technique-videos
• Concept2 Common Errors - concept2.co.uk/indoor-rowers/training/technique-videos/common-errors
• Concept2 Stretching - concept2.co.uk/indoor-rowers/training/tips-and-general-info

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11.2. Gym Training
Many rowers use gym training to improve their strength and conditioning and to improve their fitness. This form of training can be
very beneficial for athletes but there are risks that should be managed.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Not exercise if they feel unwell.
• Ensure that they are fit and healthy enough to perform the exercises that they are attempting, checking with their doctor if
they are not sure.
• Exercise keeping their limitations in mind and pushing themselves in a sensible and controlled way.
• Keep the gym clean and tidy.
• Not loiter around the gym or get in the way.
• Be conscious of other people’s needs to access items of equipment.
• Put away equipment when the exercise is complete unless someone else is about to use it.
• Check equipment before use and only use equipment that is in good condition.
• Perform an appropriate warm up before starting training and stretch thoroughly when the exercise is complete.
• Never exercise alone, only exercise if there is someone else in the gym.
• Use good technique, this will provide the maximum benefit from the exercise and avoid injury, use relatively light weights
until the technique is established.
• Pay attention and be alert to what is going on around them.
• Report incidents to the club, school or gym and to British Rowing.

Club, School or Gym

Club, School or Gym Officers are expected to:
• Ensure that materials are provided so that equipment can be kept clean.
• Encourage members to keep the gym tidy.
• Ensure that the gym is not overcrowded either with equipment or people.
• Ensure that the equipment is thoroughly checked at appropriate intervals and maintained in good condition.
• Ensure members have access to a full First Aid kit and are aware of where it is kept.
• Ensure a list of current first aiders is displayed prominently in the gym.

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Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Check that their rowers are fit and healthy enough to
perform the exercises that they are attempting,
discourage rowers from starting an exercise if they feel
unwell.
• Encourage rowers to work with a partner when training
with weights.
• Ensure that rowers work with spotters when lifting
heavy weights.
• Encourage rowers to breathe in time with the exercise;
exhale when lifting the weight, inhale when lowering.
• Stop the exercise if a rower becomes unwell.
• Coach rowers to keep their limitations in mind and
push themselves in a sensible and controlled way.
• Encourage rowers to keep the gym clean and tidy.
Breathe in time with the exercise; exhale
• Discourage rowers from loitering around the gym or when lifting, inhale when lowering
getting in the way. © Richard Palmer

• Encourage rowers to put away equipment when the

exercise is complete unless someone else is about to
use it.
• Encourage rowers to check equipment before use and only use equipment that is in good condition.
• Encourage rowers to warm up thoroughly before starting training and stretch thoroughly when the exercise is complete.
• Coach rowers to use good technique.
• Encourage rowers to pay attention and be alert to what is going on around them.
• Report incidents to the club, school or gym and to British Rowing.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to clubs in their region on gym training.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides training in Strength and Conditioning training for coaches.
• Provides safety guidance through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Further Information
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Strength and Conditioning Course - britishrowing.org/knowledge/courses-qualifications/coaching/strength-and-conditioning-
club-coach
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive

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12. Incident Reporting
Everyone can help to improve safety by reporting incidents on the British Rowing Incident Reporting System. This confidential
reporting system is for everyone; clubs, individuals (members and non-members) and competitions to report an incident or concern.
Incidents that cause harm or damage, however trivial, should be reported as well as those where an injury, health issue or damage
has occurred. Near misses should also be reported as these can provide useful information that may help someone to avoid a
serious incident.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Understand the importance of reporting incidents, including near misses, in which they are involved or that they witness.
• Report incidents on the Incident Reporting System.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Promote a no-blame culture of reporting all incidents in order to improve safety.
• Encourage club members to report all incidents and near misses using the British Rowing Incident Reporting System.
• Ensure all club members know what types of incidents should be reported and how to use the Incident Reporting System.
• Regularly monitor the Incident Reporting System to gather information on club incidents and use the information to
develop safer practices.
• Communicate relevant information from British Rowing Safety Alerts to members.
• Keep the members informed of relevant incidents and ways in which action must be taken to avoid reoccurrence.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Promote a no-blame culture of reporting all incidents in order to improve safety.
• Ensure that rowers understand the importance of reporting incidents, including near misses, in which they are involved or
that they witness.
• Encourage rowers to use the British Rowing Incident Reporting System.
• Ensure that rowers act on advice in notices such as British Rowing Safety Alerts.

Competition
Competition Officers and Organising Committees are expected to:
• Understand the importance of reporting incidents, including near misses, in which they are involved or that they witness.
• Report incidents that occur at the competition on the British Rowing Incident Reporting System.

12. Incident Reporting

DISCLAIMER: RowSafe provides general guidance to clubs and their members on safe practice in rowing. It is however the responsibility of each
club to maintain up-to-date risk assessments and define and monitor its own safety practices, guidance and procedures specific to its environment
and activities, which clubs shall ensure are made known to their members and members shall comply with the same.

Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the medical and other similar information and guidance in this manual is accurate and reflective of best
practice at the time of publication, it is the user’s responsibility to ensure that such information and guidance is up-to-date before acting upon it.
British Rowing accepts no responsibility for the content of third party websites accessed through links in this publication. 184
Regional Rowing Councils
Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to clubs in their region on incident reporting.
• Promote a no-blame culture of reporting all incidents in order to improve safety.
• Discuss any significant incidents within their region and take action as appropriate.
• Liaise with the Honorary Rowing Safety Adviser in taking action on serious incidents.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Promotes a no-blame culture of reporting all incidents in order to improve safety.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides a periodic analysis of reported incidents.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety communications.

Further Information
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive

12. Incident Reporting Click here to go to Contents

RowSafe is a safety guidance document. Please read our safety message and disclaimer. 185
13. Auditing
An audit is a periodic, independent, documented, objective assessment of the extent to which an activity or process complies with
the stated criteria. In other words, it is a gap analysis that helps an organisation to identify opportunities for improvement.
In rowing we have an annual Safety Audit that each club is required to submit to show that it has complied with the requirements
specified in the audit document. This is completed by each club and reviewed and, if acceptable, accepted by the Regional Rowing
Safety Adviser (RRSA). Clubs are expected to work with their RRSA to ensure that they have made suitable and sufficient
arrangements to keep people safe.
This chapter of RowSafe contains the following sections:
13.1 Safety Inspections 189

13. Auditing
DISCLAIMER: RowSafe provides general guidance to clubs and their members on safe practice in rowing. It is however the responsibility of each
club to maintain up-to-date risk assessments and define and monitor its own safety practices, guidance and procedures specific to its environment
and activities, which clubs shall ensure are made known to their members and members shall comply with the same.

Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the medical and other similar information and guidance in this manual is accurate and reflective of best
practice at the time of publication, it is the user’s responsibility to ensure that such information and guidance is up-to-date before acting upon it.
British Rowing accepts no responsibility for the content of third party websites accessed through links in this publication. 186
13.1. Safety Inspections
Safety Inspections are relatively frequent checks to ensure that the provisions needed to maintain safe operation of a club continue
to be effective. Many of these provisions will have been identified in the club’s Risk Assessment; they include the barriers that reduce
the probability of a hazardous event occurring and the controls that will reduce the severity of its consequences.

Expectations
Everyone
Everyone is expected to:
• Report any issues or concerns with the club’s safety equipment or procedures.
• Assist with Safety Inspections as requested.

Club
Club Officers are expected to:
• Define the frequency and scope of Safety Inspections.
• Delegate one or several members to undertake the inspections.
• Receive reports on these inspections.
• Consider and act on these reports.

Coaches
Coaches are expected to:
• Report any issues or concerns with the club’s
safety equipment or procedures.
• Assist with Safety Inspections as requested.

Regional Rowing Councils

Regional Rowing Councils are expected to:
• Provide support and advice to clubs in their region
on Safety Inspections.

British Rowing
British Rowing:
• Provides guidance to clubs through RowSafe.
• Provides an Incident Reporting System.
• Provides Safety Alerts and other safety
communications.
• Provides safety training material on its website.
• Provides courses that include safety.

Assist with safety inspections as requested

© Richard Palmer

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RowSafe is a safety guidance document. Please read our safety message and disclaimer. 187
Examples of items that could be in a monthly Safety Inspection
Including but not limited to:
• The condition of the boats and blades (see RowSafe 7.1, Safety Alert - Check your boat before you go afloat).
• The condition of the coaching launch and its engine (see RowSafe 7.4, Safety Alert - Outboard motor safety checks).
• The condition of gym equipment, (such as indoor rowing machines and weights) (see RowSafe 11.1 & 11.2).
• The condition of any boat trailers (see RowSafe 7.2).
• The condition of bikes, provided by the club, for use by coaches and others.
• The condition and availability of safety equipment (see RowSafe 7.3 & 7.4.1) such as:
o Throw lines
o Lifejackets (see Safety Alert - Lifejackets and Safety Alert - Check your Lifejacket)
o First Aid kits (see RowSafe 8.3)
o Lights used on boats (see Safety Alert - Lights on rowing boats)
• The contents of Safety, and other, notice boards (see RowSafe 2.1).
• The general state of housekeeping and tidiness in the boathouse and other areas used by members.
• The condition of other club facilities such as the landing stage and parking area.
• The condition of gas and electrical equipment.

Further Information
• British Rowing Incident Reporting System - incidentreporting.britishrowing.org
• Safety Alert Archive - britishrowing.org/knowledge/safety/safety-alert-archive
• RowSafe 7.1 - Boats and Blades
• Safety Alert – Check your boat before you go afloat, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-
Alert-Check-Your-Boat-Before-You-Go-Afloat.pdf
• RowSafe 7.4 - Launches
• Safety Alert – Outboard motor safety checks, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-
Outboard-Motor-Safety-Checks.pdf
• RowSafe 11.1 - Indoor Rowing
• RowSafe 11.2 - Gym Training
• RowSafe 7.2 - Transport and Trailers.
• RowSafe 7.3 - Safety Aids
• RowSafe 7.4.1 - Launch Safety Kits
• Safety Alert - Lifejackets, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-February-2015-
Lifejackets.pdf
• Safety Alert - Check your lifejacket, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-check-your-
lifejacket.pdf
• Safety Alert - Lights on rowing boats, https://www.britishrowing.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Safety-Alert-Lights-on-
Rowing-Boats.pdf
• RowSafe 8.3 - First Aid
• RowSafe 2.1 - Communication of Safety Information

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