Exercise 27 Focus: Completing structure problems involving parallelism, (Note: One or two items in the exercise do not focus on items involving parallel structures. These items are marked in the answer key with asterisks.) Directions: Choose the one option—(A), (B), (C), or (D)—that correctly completes the sentence, and then mark the appropriate blank. The first onc is done as an example. 1. Insects provide many beneficial services, such as , breaking down deadwood, and pollinating plants. —— (A) they condition soils ——-- B) to condition soil —s2— (© conditioning the soil ———— @) soil conditioned 2, Frozen orange juice must be packed, ___, and stored when the fruit is ripe. —— (A) be frozen (B) must be frozen —= © frozen (D) it must be frozen 3, Sioux is a North American Indian language that is spoken not only _ Sioux but also by the Crow and Osage tribes. _=_ A) by the —— ©) the —_ (© do the ~~ @)and the 4. In 1900 electrically powered cars were more popular than gasoline powered cars because they were quiet, operated smoothly, and s = (A) handled easily —_— ® ease of handling —— © handling easily — D) easy to handle 5. Roger Williams was a clergyman, the colony of Rhode Island, and an outspoken advocate of religious and political frecdom. (A) founded —S_ (B) the founder of * —_— © was the founder of — (0) he founded 6. Paint can be applied toa surface with rollers, ____., or spray guns. —= & brushes (B) brushes can be used —— © with brushes : (D) by brush10. . A dulcimer can be plafed by either striking its strings with a hammer or - The use of labor-saving devices in homes, . and factories added to the amount of leisure time people had. (A) at an office — @) used in offices —— © offices —=- ©) in offices (A) to pluck them with the fingers —_— @) fingers are used to pluck them © they are plucked with the fingers (D) plucking them with the fingers Throughout history, trade routes have increased contact between people, greatly affected the growth of civilization. -—— A) have resulted in an exchange of ideas GB) an exchange of ideas has resulted == © resulted in an exchange of ideas —— ©) resulting in an exchange of ideas and Walt Disney made many technical advances in the use of sound, color, and in animated films. A) photographing B) using photography —=_ © photography (D) use of photographsEXERCISE 52: Sentences—Parallel Structure In some sentences in the Structure Section of the Paper-Based TOEFL, you will be asked to iden- tify errors in parallel structure. Parallel structure is the use of the same grammatical structures for related ideas of equal importance. Related ideas of equal importance often occur in the form of a list. Some- times related ideas of equal importance are connected by conjunctions, such as and, but, and or. Choose the correct answer in the incomplete sentences. Choose the incorrect word or phrase in the underlined choices. ee] States but also abroad. 2. To control quality and Apaking cisions shout prodecton are among the many oo®D acorns of an industrial engineer. 3. Most of the Cajun French who live in Louisiana can neither read the French variety that they speak fluently. @ write @ ‘age write © or witting ® neither write 4, The six main pans of a business letter are @ o © the address, the inside address, the salyjation, the body, the closing, and 5. Microwaves are used for cooking. telecommunications, and _ ® to diagnose medically ® medical diagnosing 6. To read ae oa => ‘eS different culture are two excellent o reasons for studying a for @ language. (Sony poms) the United Gasp to go skiing are popular DD ea ei the northem United States. 8. To treat minor diarrhea, drink plenty of @ liquids, especially tea, water, and carbonated beverages, eat soup, yogurt, salty crackers, o and bananas, a ing aD butter, ‘eggs, and meat for twenty-four hours. o 9. A vacuum will neither conduct heat nor eee ® Gans geodtid waves © sound waves are transmitted ® the wansmission of sound waves 10. The Smithsonian Institute is famous because it contains such interesting exhibits as the flag that was raised over For McHenry in 18: @ brothers built for their first flight at Kitty every first lady since Martha Washington. the airplane that the Wright ler to become a law, a bill12. The color of a star depends on the heat and Op on of the energy ® producing energy 13. The cloverleaf is a common engineering design for expressways that permits traffic @ between two intersecting highways to move @D Oo more safely. efficiently, and > 14, A new product should be judged not by the @ promises made in commercials and ® demonstrated in actual use. emonsumted 15, The artisans of the southwestern United States are famous for their beautiful art work, especially handmade jewelry cast from silver, carved from stones, or with beads and feathers. ® decorations ® decorating Qo ® Gccorate 16. Snakes stick out thei D around, Gaia nelyeract them quickly to pick up odor molecules that aid in @ tongues, move them detecting direction. 20. . Thought by some to be the first labor party, @ @ the Workingman’s Party struggled not only for better working condi ody" public schools for all children. . The cerebellum’s main functions are oD ®D the maintenance of posture andmotyhe @ @ body. ). The Cabinet consists of secretaries of departments who report to the pre: give him advice, and ® helping him making ® helping him make © pel ing ® {ep him m Increasing involvement in agriculture by large corporations has resulted in ®@ @®@ what is known as agribusiness—that is, © agriculture with business techniques, including heavy capitalization, specialization of production, »ian all stages of the operation.