Unit I PHYSICAL EDUCATION Introduction Physi i dejectertly ene ucation as a subject in the curriculum has been ute to misc eC yfor in the past and has sutfered many setbacks who, pains Ptions among the teachers and administrators the field Te eee had the chance to be acquainted more about eee erefore, necessary that this subject area be properly inthe 7 interpreted so that it will receive its rightful emphasis PATH Soria Program. In this unit, the students taking -FIT 1 - (Physical Activity Towards Health and Fitness) as a required subject will comprehend better about the meaning of Physical Education and the coverage of the course. There is almost undisputed agreement that optimum health is one’s most esteemed Possession. Schopenhauer, the German philosopher expressed this thought when he wisely remarked, “the greatest of follies is to neglect one’s health for any advantage of life.” Astudy of history of nations shows that advancementis directly related to the physical, mental, and emotional health of the people. In the process of improving and maintaining optimum health, it is necessary for all people of all ages to participate in physical exercise; there is an ample variation in the types of exercise, which are recommended for different age groups. General Objectives: At the end of the unit, the students are expected to: * define physical education and interpret its meaning in relation to life situation; * analyze fitness as the major goal of physical education; discuss the general objectives of PE as a part of educational system and its legal bases; state the purposes of Physical Education in a developing country; and acquire physical knowledge and skills necessary to demonstrate adequate movement in performing and health enhancing fitnessectives and Physical Education: Definition, Goals, Obj Functions Specific Objectives: the meaning of itness as Ye Majo + Differentia objectives of Physic Physical Edu numerous changes of path in time when Physical Education was consi would, in all respect, mean today as str The newer and modem perception education is that it is education through physical activi exter physical education idiom, it is education through “movement.” Wunderlich (1967) describes of movement as follows: 1. It provides sensory data. 2. It broadens the perspective horizon 3. It stimulates function and structure of all bodily organs. 4. It is the means by which an individual learns about himself in relation to his ambient environment, What “education through movement” more particularly entails is the taking of that culture-based family of activities and proc games, dance, gymnastics, athletic sports, and outdoor pursuils- as a means “through” which the teacher can help effect enviable outcomes, despite the consequences of whether or not those activities have essential worth of their own. Moreover, Physical ® concept of “learn to move, move to learn”, ‘dual must know how to move in order to learn on how re and learn the needed knowledge in a ses- certain activity tion that may be approps wysical + Setting 1901 1920 1937 1969 1982 Phi 1e subjects introduced in lar program of athletics was ‘The School of Physical Fi 1._A program of health education A program of physical fitness fo 2 3. A program of competitive athletics, 4, A. program of intramurals and inter-unit athle ‘competition within schools, districts, and provinces; and 5, An annual athletic competitions within and among regions, MAPE: was introduce music, arts, and physi (Foundation of Physical Education by Carmen Andin) and the learning area involves clucation,r Article 1 of the International Ch ae and Sports, UNESCO, Paris (1975) and Re 1, Inter- disciplinary Regional Meeting of Experts Faucation and Sports, UI CO, Brisbane (1982). of Physical Education and Sports is a fundamental rigl cl the right should not be treated as different in pri he right of adequate food, shelter and medicines. i Article XIV. Section 19 (1) & (2) of the 1987 mandates that: The state shall promote physic programs, leag for international competitions, to foster self excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citi ut the country in cooper 07s ve Functions of Physical Education Physical Education performs three functions which are: 1. Biologic Function — refers to the enhan individuals’ growth and develope: movement Integrative Function ~ refers to the personali achieved through participation in proper! activities. 3. Social Function ~ refers to the transmitting values and standards that are consistent with the needs and ideals of the society. integration cted physical all, Physical Education as education “through” movement is best conceived of as being that component of the educational Process which aims to improve and complement the individual Chiefly through professionally selected and directed physical activities. Fitness ~ '*S$~A Major Goal of Physical Education ion of ion, the concept of fitness mn. * means that an individual satisfies the as physical well-being, love, affection, security and - He lives blissfully with other people and is interested in them. He has an interest and yearning to serve humanity and and exemplifies high ethical standards. Because of relationship with people and future events, he lives a Temarkable and stimulating life. Physical education as a component of the educational system strives to aid or he can achieve t ‘Therefore, a major goal of physical educati fitness to allow him to envoy’s the “00. is FITNESS. Objectives of Physical Education The following objectives of Physical Education are viewed and stated in terms of their contributions to the outcomes of education and in the curriculum. Physical Development Through cautiously selected physical education activities, an individual who participates energetically will develop and maintain ‘good health and a high level of physical fitness. The attainment physical skills can motivate an individual who participates further physical activities; hence, his growth and development will be improved. Social Development in Physical Fducation activities provides of enviable social traits neededtraits are: s iance 4. courage 5. determination Mental Development Through participation in phy: individual developshis mental capacities as principles of and ashe discovers gymnastics activities are 1. Knowledge done accord) 6. tion of forest and aquatic resources. New Directions for Physical Education a developing the Presidential Decree No. 6-A, is & pment Decree of 1972, e and maintain an accele: development and social progress; 2. ‘Toassure the maximum participation. and enjoyment of the ben the people in the of such growth; To strengthen national consciousness and promote desirable cultural values in the changing world ‘The foregoing deve Jainment of the goals? The ans e fore when the purposes ofhe ecor 2. To produce individuals who can contribute being, a. the improvement of proper work hal per pits and work Society through; a. an adequate system of vidual to be able to make moral choi ded in daily living; b. offering group pa intramural, extramura 4, To develop creativity and inno abiding faith in God and love of country and fellowme ervation, and if other for a instorming, ss that wi on Purposes of Physical Education, Listing of a develop the aspects of Physical Education, Evaluation: Answer comprehensively the following questions. 1. What is the importance of fitness to everyday living? 2. Whatare the purposes of Physical Education in our country? 3. Discuss the purposes of PE in relation to one’s everyday activities. 4. How will you motivate your family todo physical exercises? 5. How would you encourage your neighborhood to involve themselves in exercise? Name = fe ba =p Score WORKSHEET 1 Introduction-Physical Education Instructions: Create a photo collage that explains the importance of Physical education in our daily life. (Rubrics is provided for scoring) instructor’ Signature over Printed Name geet esensneecRubrics for Worksheet 1 Level 1 ‘dea * ongi * interest iginal ideas in material or display to ‘material or display. Relevance of material * connected is mostly tomain relevant idea and ‘overall visual impact is effective 1D overall visual isvery effective Unit I PHYSICAL FITNESS 1 physical activity and or exercises. e factor can suffice for meeting the needs Physical fitness is not permanent. The fitness deteriorates once he stops his regular regim ises and physi es. Also, this activity will ther factors contributory to the total fitness of the unit, the students are expected to: Physical Fitness; components/concepts of Physical Fitness; the concepts of Physical Fitness; fit person; ing the Physical andYY Physical Fitness Defined ‘The Meaning, Concepts and Components of Physical Fitness A B, C. Benefits and Parameters of Physical Fitness alth-Related Fitness formance-Related Fitness Specific Objectives: 1. Define physical fitness; 2. Differentiate health-related fitness from performance- related fitness; Discuss performance-related fitness; 4, Enumerate the benefits and parameters of Physical Fitness; and 5. Execute the Physical Fitness Test properly. ‘The Meaning, Concepts and Components of Physical Fitness Physical Fitness is the ability to perform one's daily task efficiently without undue fatigue but with extra “reserve” in case of emergency. Being physically fit means being able to perform one’s daily task efficiently without undue fatigue and still have an extra energy to enjoy leisure activities and / or meet emergency demands. Based on this definition, there are (3) three important aspects that an individual should be able to meet in order to be considered physically fit. These include: 1. Being able to perform one's daily tasks without getting too tired before the end of the day. These daily activities include: a. Waking up in the m b. Going to school or offi © Attending classes regularly ng other ind f. Going, home Doing, homework and household chores 2. Enjoying leisure time in some form of recrea Leisure time is the amount of time th in individual have been acc other hand, refers to any activity that is participated in by the individual during, leisure ‘on voluntary basis because it provides an immedia isfaction to the individual. Recreation takes form of: a. Watching TV or movies b. Talking to friends over the phone ©. Reading books and magazines articles Doing arts and crafts Listening to radio {Playing sports 3. Meeting emergency demands such as: a. Doing important errands b. Performing social obligations c. Attending to visitors d. Attending to household problems Concepts of Physical Fitness tand the lungs, which contributes to the ability to resist diseases. 1. Organic Vigor ~ refers to the soundness of the he 2, Endurance ~ is the ability to sustain long-continued contractions where a number of muscle groups are used; the capacity to bear or last long in a certain task without undue fatigue. gth — is the capacity to sustain the application of force : sath yielding bens the ability of the muscle to prt against the resistance.ry ~ it is a quality of plasticity, which Bives the ability to do a wide range of movement: change direction ability of an individual ess of space with the quickness and Ii pment neuro- Speed — is the ability to make same kind in the shortest period of time. Components of Physical Fitness The components of Physical Fitness are divided into two categories the health-related components (Flexibility, Cardiovascular Endurance, Muscular Strength, Muscular Endurance and Body Composition) and the performance-related components (Agility, Balance, Coordination, Power, and Speed). 1. Health-Related Fitness Health-Related Fitness is a function of body's adaptation to exercise. It could be developed and maintain through the regular and proper exercise program. There are at least five (5) components of Health Related Fitness. They are as follows: A. Muscular Strength refers to the ability of the muscle to exert maximum effort in brief duration. It may be developed through isotonic, isometric or isokinetic contractions. Isotonic Contractions are voluntary contra which muscles shorten and lengthen” allemat H muscle contracts at varying speed against a re These contractions are of two types: 1. Concentric Contraction ~ rote during exercise the length of th et 75 to muscles that shorten ere is no movement that occurs and muscle remains unchanged 2. Eccentric Contraction — ref ¢ most thenics exe that are being, performe are push-ups, sit-ups, and pull-ups. An ar strength involving isot through the use of weights. Isometric Contractions are an in which the muscles are contracted against an ima resistance. The exercise provides maximum muscle; however, there is no observed movement during is is done for about 5 seconds. Contractions are movement, resistance is equal to the force appli ‘Two physiological benefits derived from strength training: 1. Increase muscle strength by 10-25% within 68 weeks; in 2. Increase muscle size or muscle hypertrophy Muscular Endurance refers to the ability endure a sub maximal effort for a prolongs Performing a strength exercise such as push continuous repetitions endurance, One basic re Muscle end erent strength traiExample: ina pid bou Teast 15-30 seconds \dorsed by many ph “ise psychologists because st na the risk of injury is wery minimal It is performed without a partner and each stretch is easy and pain-free. Once the stretcher has achieved its fall range of movement and begins (0 feel a mild discomfort (muscle tension) in the body part being, stretched, the position is held statically. ‘Example: Static stretching — seated hamsteing stretch ing is the use and the body's Dynamic stretching. Dynamic stret of a muscle’s own force produ tomentum to take a joint through the full available range of motion (Clark & Lucett, 20103). Dynamic Stretching is beneficial for any sport that involves dynamic movement, especially in sports like athletics, Football etc. that prepare the body to move better specifically before start of an exercise or competition. Mason (201la) suggested that in performing this stretching, the movement should be ina slow, controlled way, relaxed, and breath steadily to execute properly. Example: Alternate lunges (right & left) Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNP). It involves the contract-relax approach to stretching. During, the move the limb at isometrically resists the partner's attempt to move the limb into a deeper stretch. Then, the stretcher relaxes ssthe segment into a new range. This type of stretching, can be done active (ie. w/o partner) or passive (ic. w/ partner), Examph ily masi m to height. of the components sion was earlier opposed since supporters believ ryone, ig the slim and In addition, being fat has some genetic predisposition that te difficult to may be q Somatotypes Somatotyping ot body typing is a system of classifying an individual according to the shape of the body. It was developed by Sheldon during th noted that the physique of the body may be into three distinct types: a) Ectomorph, b) Mese ¢) Endomorph 1. An ectomorph body type is characterized as lean and ‘small body build with greater surface area to mass ratio. Bone size is relatively small with slender limbs ans muscle mass, 2, A mesomorph bodly type has of muscles. The bones are usu massive limbs, thus contribut omorphic body type 3, An endormorph body type is characterized by a re nance of soft roundness and large digestive wr percent of body fat when relative predominance ly large and heavy with 1 to greater weight than 1m boxly mass.Endomorph Somatotypes ‘of weight reduction ye given a well-defined exercise es, somatotype is hi ‘mance depen instance, jetes, phys put differ from those successful in maral that for one sport event, a specific body type may ne’s superior performance over another. Howe ited to one particular shape but can bea combination of two body types (@.g. ectomorph and mesomorph) for instance, a hig} Il. Performance Related Fitness ty of one’s movement skill. It includes 5 1. Balance is the ability to maintain eq Balance can be maintain eq a fixed position such as st ‘one foot or on a balance beam. Dynamic Balance is the ity to maintain i jon. Walking on a balance beam type of balance. pe made. Speed is influenced psed when th m one maximum effort in a both strength and ies such as track and Power is short speed a field and we seen in many sport acti ntlifting. are basic for all body action. They increase ith activity and deteriorate from lack of it perform the same task, lea maintain his ge postu e weak musculature opme: Good fitness as a program stresse ‘which maintains good abdominal wall wulder girdle. Retards Aging Process. the proper at postponing, that us5. Physical Fitness and Ability to Meet Emergencies, The body that is accustomed to sedentary living habits can usually operate ineffectively even though itis operating, at near maximum effort 6. Neuromuscular Skill. The smooth, efficient coordination of the muscular system is improved as a result of regular P 7. Relaxation. Overactive minds in underactive bodies often need physical outlets for accumulated emotional and muscular tensions that seem to be relieved by actions of the 8, Improvement of Personality and Social Skills. Participation in games and sports aids in improving the personality and in develoy activity, regular ise is thought by many to be of considerable value iding the natural mental processes to function with increased efficiency. 10. General Growth. The physically fit person a high degree of general resistance, wl successfully avoiding minor illness. ally possesses h enables him in ‘The Parameters of Physical Fitness Many proponents of physical education have variou on how to measure physical fitness. Educators on physical education today separate the various disci to four measurable parameters, which are: 1. Muscular Endurance 2. Muscular Strength 3. Cardio-respiratory Endurance 4 ity Joint Flexi The above parameters are considered the hard core of physical fitness. Without strength, participation in physical activity isnot possible and the fitness of the individual When muscles are weak 1, since all movements depend on the strength of the vvity which can supply a greater volume of blood with each n of the heart and can recover more quickly after cercise than a less fit individual. Asthe late president John Fitzgerald Kennedy said, “Physical is not only one of the most important keys to a healthy and intellectual fitness and develop the 4 parameters in physical fitness. Physical Battery est afety Recommendation: For the instructor, it is very important to review medical factor of your students. Students who require medical attention should be identified by the PE teacher. If a student has an infection or is not feeling, well, they should not take the test. Spend 5-10 minutes warming up before the physical fitness ‘Twohours before the test, students should avoid consuming, large meals. For the test, students should dress appropriately (PE Uniform). Students are required to measure their pulse before the test rest). ‘Their baseline heart rate must not exceed 120 beats per minute.truct the students [0 6 onsity. Physical Fitness Components yas being Tested | __being ——___| Teg strength and Pow ‘Abdominal — Strength and : Speed sant hups (males) _| Arm Strength and Endurance Regular Push ups (females) | Arm Strength and Endurance | Pulses NO. 2: BENT KNEE CURL-UPS 1000-meter run Cardio- Respiratory Endurance Three-minute step test | General Endurance ! ily be one trial permitted. 2 be no breaks between curling up. Activity Proper: »ughout the workout, the knee must remain in a ri position eee Lone TOME: curl-up will only be recorded if the performer: Rules: ins intimate contact between his crossed arms and curling up once again, returns to the beginning position 1. Withi testir e, er ir trials, ithin the testing time, permit two subsequent fair trials. Sie te meng e ceuarecee 2. The distance between the take-off line and the heel of the foot closest to the take-off board or line is measured. i "101s: 3. The attempt is not counted if the performer loses his balance motions of curling and uncurling are not done slowly. and falls backward. performing the curl-ups, the performer springs off 4. Taking is prohibited beyond the take-off line, ground, Common Faults: 1. The performer swings his arms several times, 2 The performer does not begin the jump wi P with both feet behind the front edge of the take-off board or line. 3. Bouncing and stepping forward before jumping At takeoff the performer's feet are not parallel,TEST NO. 3: 50 METER SPRINT ‘Testing recommendations: keep moving once they reac 1. The runner should be vation. ‘TEST NO. 4 REGULAR PUSH-UPS FOR MALES: TEST NO. 5 KNEE PUSH-UPS FOR FEMALES Common Errors: 1. When the body is not kept in a straight line from the heels and, for females, from the hamstring 2. When the elbows are not completely flexed. TEST NO. 6 SHUTTLE RUN Rules: 1. Do not allow the performer to throw the wooden block across the line. 2. Allow tw the tester: after each have k flexion movements are not slowly and gradually ns are made. ky mi are not kept straight: or tips on tape measure are not even, { further than the other. ith one hand ¥ NO. 8 1000 METER RUN Ik at a pace he can sustain duration of the test. former takes a rest or stops, no score is given he boys and 88 steps per ion of 3 minutes.Class Schedule [score WORKSHEET 2 | insructors Signature over Printed ome The Meaning, Concepts and Components of Physical Fitness