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PHIL 337 Exam 2

This document contains the answers to 5 questions about a quiz on shamanism, sorcery, and witchcraft. Question 1 compares the differences between a shaman and a priest. Question 2 discusses the differences between a sorcerer and a witch. Question 3 summarizes Michael Harner's view on the benefits of shamanism. Question 4 defines divination and provides examples. Question 5 identifies the two basic types of magic as discussed by Sir James George Frazer - homeopathic magic and contagious magic - and explains the logic behind each.

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49 views1 page

PHIL 337 Exam 2

This document contains the answers to 5 questions about a quiz on shamanism, sorcery, and witchcraft. Question 1 compares the differences between a shaman and a priest. Question 2 discusses the differences between a sorcerer and a witch. Question 3 summarizes Michael Harner's view on the benefits of shamanism. Question 4 defines divination and provides examples. Question 5 identifies the two basic types of magic as discussed by Sir James George Frazer - homeopathic magic and contagious magic - and explains the logic behind each.

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Tipu Sultan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Name:

PHIL 337-450

Quiz on Module 2

Shamanism, Sorcery, and Witchcraft

1. What are differences between a shaman and a priest?


Answer:

Shaman Priest
• Assists individuals • Leads congregations
• Practices part-time • Works full-time
• Relies on Spirit helpers • Relies on ritual
• They’re part of simple societies • Part of Complex societies
• They rely on personal charisma • Relies on institutional charisma and
heredity

2. What are differences between a sorcerer and witch?


Answer: Sorcerers learn their techniques while witches obtain their power by heredity or
contagion (transmitted from one person to another). Sorcerers use ritual magic while witches
use psychic powers.
3. What are the benefits of shamanism for human society in general, according to Michael Harner?
Answer: According to Michael Harner, training in core shamanism includes teaching students to
alter their consciousness through classic shamanic non-drug techniques such as sonic driving,
especially in the form of repetitive drumming, so that they can discover their own hidden
spiritual resources, transform their lives, and learn how to help others. Core shamanism does
not focus on ceremonies, such as those of Native American medicine men and women, persons
who do both shamanism and ceremonial work.
4. What is divination? Give some examples.
Answer: A form of religious communication in which the supernatural powers give, or are
coerced to give. Finding direct information. Examples of Divination: augury, geomancy,
pyromancy, lithomancy, astrology, palmistry, scapulamancy, ordeals, dreaming
5. A cross cultural comparison reveals two basic types of magic, first discussed by Sir James George
Frazer. What are these two types of magic and what is logic behind them?
Answer: Two types of magic are homeopathic magic and contagious magic.
Homeopathic magic – The injury or destruction of an image resembling an enemy in the belief
that the person it is modeled upon will suffer the same effects.
Contagious magic – the law of contact or contagion implies that things, which, have once been
in contact, continue to act upon each other, and the type of magic associated with this principle
is known as contagious magic. When a person takes possession of another person’s belonging
that has been part of his body, he believes he has acquired the power to harm the owner of that
belonging.

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